The archive / Profiles
The people.
The institutions.
The record.
Who ran the programs. Who built the systems. Who followed the money. Start with a name, then follow the documents behind it.
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BY ROLE ↓A place in this directory describes a role in the record. It does not imply wrongdoing.
Four ways into the record
Beyond the lenders.
The archive reaches from loan origination to the software, identity checks and platforms behind the pandemic economy.
Cross River Bank
A New Jersey community bank operating as a bank of record for fintech companies.
Read the profile 02 / PUBLIC SYSTEMSDeloitte
A private builder and operator of state unemployment-insurance claims systems.
Read the profile 03 / IDENTITYID.me
The digital identity wallet and remote identity-proofing provider.
Read the profile 04 / PLATFORMSDoorDash
The local-commerce and food-delivery marketplace, including Caviar.
Read the profileThe complete directory
Find the name.
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Narrow by role, then by category.
Executive
David Adame
President and CEO of Chicanos Por La Causa (CPLC) from 2015 until his resignation in October 2023.
PPP
Official · Treasury
Adewale O. "Wally" Adeyemo
Treasury's number two under Secretary Yellen; helped oversee implementation of American Rescue Plan relief — State and Local…
Other programs
Other company
Airbnb pandemic layoffs
Travel and hospitality
Other company
Airbnb
Its hosts are the small-business / self-employed population that PPP and EIDL targeted.
Executive
Minister Zakar Ali
One of four men a federal jury in the Eastern District of Wisconsin convicted in October 2023 of schemes against the SBA, state unemployment agencies and…
PPPEIDLUnemployment insurance
Lobby or trade group
American Bankers Association / BankPac
The principal trade association for U.S. banks and its federal political committee, BankPac (FEC C00004275).
PPP
Executive
Rebecca Andino
Founder of Highlight Technologies, the Fairfax, Virginia contractor that staffed SBA's pandemic loan processing.
PPPEIDL
Oversight and enforcement
Russell M. Anello
Deputy Staff Director and Chief Counsel of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis; later in the White House Counsel's Office.
Lobby or trade group
App-Based Work Alliance
Washington advocacy group formed in November 2020 by Uber, Lyft, DoorDash, Instacart and Postmates, the five largest donors to California's Proposition 22, to…
Executive
Amir Aqeel
Described by federal prosecutors as the leader of a $20 million COVID-19 relief fraud ring — sentenced in October 2023 to 15 years in federal prison.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Nicole Argentieri
Head of the DOJ Criminal Division after Kenneth Polite, through the later pandemic-fraud cases; later joined Cravath.
PPP
Executive
Yuval Ariav
A co-founder of Fundbox, a PPP lender of record; no enforcement action naming him is on the public record.
PPP
Executive
Brian Armstrong
Coinbase co-founder and chief executive since 2012.
Executive
Ramit Arora
Co-founder and President of Biz2Credit.
PPP
Executive
Rohit Arora
Co-founder and CEO of Biz2Credit, whose subsidiary Itria Ventures was a PPP lender of record.
PPP
Defendant
Vivian Arriaga
Defendant in a prosecution related to the Blueacorn founders' case: pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud…
PPP
Executive
L. Scott Askins
L. Scott Askins was Kabbage's General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and Corporate Secretary when Kabbage was an American Express company.
PPP
Executive
Johnny Ayers
Co-founder and CEO of Socure, an identity-verification and fraud-scoring company with state unemployment-agency and other government customers; Socure took no…
Unemployment insurance
Executive
Artur Ayvazyan
Encino man convicted at trial in June 2021 in the Los Angeles PPP and EIDL fraud ring run by his brother, Richard Ayvazyan, and his wife, Tamara Dadyan…
PPPEIDL
Executive
Richard Ayvazyan
Encino man convicted at trial in June 2021 as one of the two principal organizers of an eight-defendant Los Angeles ring that used fake, stolen and synthetic…
PPPEIDL
Oversight and enforcement
Funmi Olorunnipa Badejo
General Counsel of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis; later Special Assistant to the President and Associate Counsel; Head of Compliance…
Executive
Sam Bankman-Fried
Co-founder and chief executive of FTX, which opened its U.S. exchange in 2020 and collapsed in November 2022 owing customers, investors and lenders about $11…
Executive
Yasha Barjona
A defendant who pleaded guilty in July 2023 to one count of bank fraud conspiracy in a multi-state PPP and EIDL fraud case in New Jersey.
PPPEIDL
Executive
Ed Bastian
Delta Air Lines chief executive since May 2016.
Other programs
Official · Treasury
Andy P. Baukol
Career Treasury official who, performing the delegable duties of the Deputy Secretary, co-signed the Feb 5, 2021 SBA–Treasury PPP…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Alvaro M. Bedoya
FTC Commissioner (Democrat), May 2022 – June 2025; one of three commissioners who voted on March 18, 2024 to authorize the Womply and Biz2Credit complaints.
Executive
Apocalypse Bella
An Oregon man sentenced to 40 months in prison and ordered to pay $4,088,084.42 in restitution as the first-named defendant in a Southern District of New York…
PPP
Official · SBA
Eric S. Benderson
The SBA lawyer who co-signed the FTC/SBA joint COVID warning letters.
PPP
Lender or loan platform
Benworth Capital Partners
Non-bank SBA 7(a) lender of record.
PPPEIDLPPPLF
Official · Treasury
Gavin A. Beske
Political Deputy Assistant Secretary at Treasury over the Community & Economic Development portfolio — the CDFI /…
PPP
Official · Treasury
Scott Bessent
Treasury Secretary since Jan. 28, 2025; not part of the 2020–2021 relief programs, he presides over Treasury in the era of pandemic-relief fraud recovery and…
Official · SBA
Brittany Whitesell Biles ("Britt Biles")
SBA's General Counsel during the peak of PPP/EIDL rulemaking — she supervised the drafting of the PPP regulations…
PPPEIDL
Lender or loan platform
Biz2Credit
Online small-business finance company.
PPPPPPLF
Executive
Brock Blake
Founder and CEO of Lendio, a small-business loan marketplace that reports facilitating about $9.8 billion in PPP loans…
PPP
Lender or loan platform
Blueacorn
PPP lender service provider (LSP) / agent — not a lender of record.
PPP
Other company
Blueground pandemic layoffs
Travel and hospitality
PPP
Lender or loan platform
BlueVine
Small-business fintech — invoice factoring, then lines of credit, then digital business banking.
PPP
Executive
Sam Bobley
Co-founder and CEO of Ocrolus, a document-automation and fraud-detection vendor used by Cross River, Square, BlueVine and Womply in PPP processing; Ocrolus…
PPP
Official · SBA
Jason Bossie
Acting Chief Financial Officer of SBA — signed the FY2021 Agency Financial Report and authored the agency's formal response to the auditors'…
PPPEIDLOther programs
Executive
Keyaira Bostic
Pembroke Pines, Florida woman convicted by a federal jury in November 2021 of obtaining an $84,515 PPP loan on false payroll figures, paying a kickback to…
PPP
Vendor or contractor
Bottom Line Concepts, LLC
Consulting firm; "a Florida limited liability company," in the words of its own client agreement.
ERC
Official · Federal Reserve
Lael Brainard
Federal Reserve governor when the Board set up its 2020 emergency lending facilities, including the one that financed PPP loans; later Fed vice chair and…
PPPLFOther programs
Executive
Noah Breslow
Noah Breslow was chairman and CEO of OnDeck Capital, which organized the March 24, 2020 fintech coalition letter he signed as OnDeck's CEO.
PPP
Official · SBA
William J. ("Bill") Briggs
As Acting Associate Administrator of the Office of Capital Access, he stood up the $800B PPP and helped manage COVID-EIDL…
PPPEIDL
Official · Treasury
Francis Brooke
Although Brooke was at the NEC during the Trump I administration (the period overlapping CARES Act enactment), no first-party source places him in a role…
Executive
Kevin M. Burke (Centuria Corporation)
Founder and CEO of Centuria Corporation, a Reston, Virginia IT contractor that worked on SBA's Shuttered Venue Operators Grant system; the firm took a…
PPPOther programs
Executive
Ronan Burke
Co-founder and CEO of Inscribe, a document-fraud-detection company used in Womply's PPP application flow.
PPP
Vendor or contractor
Business Warrior Corporation
Publicly-traded small-business marketing and lending-software company (OTC Pink: BZWR, currently flagged "CE" — caveat emptor).
PPPEIDL
Executive
Barry Calhoun
Chief Executive Officer of Blueacorn from March 2021.
PPP
Official · Treasury
Brian Callanan
Treasury's top lawyer (General Counsel) for the CARES Act legal architecture — the legal structuring of the ~$500B Title IV / Exchange…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Ashley Callen
Lead Republican staffer on the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis (117th Congress); later General Counsel to the Speaker of the House…
Official · Treasury
Charles W. Calomiris
The OCC's chief economist from July 2020 — the senior economics official at the national-bank regulator whose supervisory perimeter…
Executive
Thomas Capasse
Co-founder, chairman, CEO and chief investment officer of Ready Capital, a publicly traded mortgage REIT whose ReadyCap Lending was a large first-round PPP…
PPPPPPLF
Lender or loan platform
Capital Plus Financial / Crossroads Systems
SBA-approved Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) + B-Corp residential-mortgage lender owned by a…
PPPPPPLF
Official · Congress
Ben Cardin
Senate Small Business Democrat who co-authored PPP, pushed underserved-borrower access and transparency, and chaired the committee during the Biden-era PPP…
PPPEIDL
Oversight and enforcement
Craig Carpenito
U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey (2018–2020) who led DOJ's COVID-19 Hoarding and Price Gouging Task Force; later King & Spalding.
Oversight and enforcement
Elizabeth Carr
A DOJ trial attorney on the Blueacorn prosecution.
PPP
Official · SBA
Jovita Carranza
SBA Administrator who signed the first PPP interim final rule and the agency's COVID-19 EIDL disaster declarations in spring 2020.
PPPEIDL
Official · SBA
Barbara E. Carson
As Deputy Associate Administrator of the Office of Disaster Assistance — the office that ran COVID-EIDL and the Shuttered Venue Operators…
EIDLOther programs
Lender or loan platform
Celtic Bank
Bank — PPP lender of record.
PPPPPPLF
Vendor or contractor
Central Research, Inc.
Federal records, collections, and improper-payments contractor; SBA 8(a)/HUBZone-eligible firm.
PPPEIDLOther programs
Oversight and enforcement
Kevin Chambers
The Justice Department's first Director of COVID-19 Fraud Enforcement (appointed March 2022) and addressee of the Select Subcommittee's December 1, 2022…
Lawyer or judge
Alexander L. Cheney
Willkie Farr & Gallagher litigation partner; counsel for claimant OTO Analytics (Womply) in the JAMS arbitration against Benworth and the related federal cases.
PPP
Executive
Brian Chesky
Airbnb co-founder and chief executive.
Oversight and enforcement
Rohit Chopra
Democratic FTC commissioner during the early pandemic who left to run the CFPB before the PPP-fintech complaints were filed, and later returned to a…
Oversight and enforcement
Molly Claflin
Chief Counsel for Investigations of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis after Carlos Uriarte; previously Gibson Dunn and Senate Judiciary…
PPPOther programs
Other company
ClassPass pandemic layoffs
Fitness and wellness
Oversight and enforcement
James E. Clyburn
Chairman of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis (2020–2022), which issued the December 1, 2022 staff report "We Are Not the Fraud Police."
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
James Comer
Chair of the House Committee on Oversight and Accountability; Ranking Member of the committee from June 2020 to December 2022 (R-KY).
Unemployment insurance
Official · SBA
Martin "Sparky" Conrey
SBA's standing Office of General Counsel point-of-contact for the agency's regulatory agenda and the OGC reviewer copied on the…
Other company
Convene pandemic layoffs
Events, venues, and creator marketplaces
Oversight and enforcement
Kadeem Cooper
Counsel on the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis; previously Covington & Burling and House Oversight; Senior Counsel for Policy at Airbnb…
Executive
Jon Coss
Founder and CEO of Pondera Solutions, a government fraud-detection company acquired by Thomson Reuters in March 2020; California's EDD used its software when…
Unemployment insurance
Defendant
Michael Cota
Defendant in a prosecution related to the Blueacorn founders' case: pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Rachel F. Cotton
Counsel on the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis; later Deputy Counsel to the President; partner at Arnold & Porter.
Reporter
Stacy Cowley
Cowley co-authored the April 2020 Times story on large bank customers receiving "concierge treatment" during the first PPP round.
PPP
Official · Commerce
Donald Cravins Jr.
Cravins' role was post-ARP minority-business administration, not PPP or EIDL.
Lender or loan platform
Credibly
Non-bank small-business finance platform (merchant cash advances, working-capital loans, lines of credit).
PPP
Lender or loan platform
Cross River Bank
State-chartered, FDIC-insured New Jersey community bank operating as fintech bank-of-record ("banking-as-a-service" / "Marketplace Lending").
PPPPPPLF
Lender or loan platform
Customers Bank
Bank / bank holding company — PPP lender of record, fintech sponsor bank, and operator of a white-label PPP platform licensed to other banks.
PPPPPPLF
Executive
Tamara Dadyan
Encino woman the Ninth Circuit named one of the two principal organizers of a Los Angeles PPP and EIDL fraud ring; she pleaded guilty in June 2021, was…
PPPEIDL
Executive
John Dancu
President and CEO of IDology for fifteen years; Blueacorn used IDology's knowledge-based authentication in its PPP process until April 2021, per the House…
PPP
Reporter
David Dayen
Executive editor of The American Prospect; his 2020 "Unsanitized" series covered PPP design, bank incentives and transparency.
PPP
Vendor or contractor
Deloitte
Global professional-services partnership; here, the dominant private builder and operator of state unemployment-insurance (UI) claims systems during…
Unemployment insurance
Reporter
Lydia DePillis
The May 2021 ProPublica story found 378 PPP loans, about $7 million, to fake farms in implausible places — potato fields in Palm Beach, orange groves in…
PPP
Executive
Samir Desai
The founder of Funding Circle, the UK-listed marketplace lender that became an SBA-accredited PPP lender in the…
PPP
Executive
Sapan Desai
Chief executive of Surgisphere, whose hospital database underlay COVID-19 studies that The Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine retracted in June…
PPP
Executive
Jamie Dimon
Chairman and chief executive of JPMorgan Chase, the largest PPP lender: 452,892 loans for $44.3 billion in the SBA's data.
PPP
Official · GAO
Gene L. Dodaro
Comptroller General who led GAO through the CARES Act oversight mandate and the recurring pandemic-response reports Congress used to track program failures…
Executive
Matt Doka
Matt Doka co-founded FiveStars in 2011 and served as its chief technology officer.
PPP
Executive
Arnold Donald
Carnival Corporation chief executive from July 2013 to August 2022.
Executive
Eric Donnelly
Chief executive of Capital Plus Financial, LLC since 2014 and of its parent, Crossroads Systems, Inc. (later Crossroads Impact Corp.), since December 2017.
PPP
Executive
Rhett Doolittle
Chairman and CEO of Business Warrior Corporation (OTC: BZWR), which provided supplemental PPP application review for Blueacorn, per the House report; the…
PPPEIDL
Other company
DoorDash
Local-commerce and food-delivery marketplace (includes Caviar).
PPP
Executive
Jack Dorsey
Co-founder and "Block Head" of Block, formerly Square.
PPP
Executive
Doug Parker — American Airlines profile dossier
Chairman and chief executive of American Airlines Group through the pandemic, when the airline took Payroll Support Program money and a Treasury loan, and…
Other programs
Executive
Robert Kramer - Emergent BioSolutions profile dossier
Emergent BioSolutions chief executive when its Baltimore Bayview plant made COVID-19 vaccine for Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca.
Oversight and enforcement
James Doty
The New York bar counsel of record on the Biz2Credit complaint.
PPP
Executive
Joe Ehrhardt
Founder and CEO of Teslar Software (3E Software, Inc.), a Springdale, Arkansas maker of community-bank loan software used by PPP lenders; the company took a…
PPP
Executive
Caroline Ellison
Former chief executive of Alameda Research, the trading firm that borrowed FTX customer money.
PPP
Official · HHS
Tom Engels
As HRSA administrator from November 2019 to January 2021, Engels directed the $175 billion COVID-19 Provider Relief Fund; he returned to run the agency in…
Other programs
Oversight and enforcement
Joni Ernst
Chair of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship (R-IA); has pressed the SBA on unrecovered COVID-relief fraud.
PPPEIDLOther programs
Executive
Lisa Evans
An Olive Branch, Mississippi tax-preparation business owner who pleaded guilty to defrauding COVID-19 relief programs of more than $5 million, and was…
PPP
Executive
Andy Fang
DoorDash co-founder and director; Head of Consumer Engineering when the company went public in December 2020.
Official · Treasury
Michael Faulkender
Treasury co-signatory of the Jan 14, 2021 PPP Interim Final Rule and lead author of Treasury's PPP job-preservation working paper…
PPP
Reporter
Zeke Faux
Faux and Surane reported that Kabbage cut off small-business credit lines as cash needs mounted in early 2020.
Defendant
Maurice Fayne
Owner of Flame Trucking and a cast member of "Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta"; pleaded guilty in N.D. Ga.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Andrew N. Ferguson
Republican commissioner who joined the FTC after the PPP-fintech cases were filed and became Chair in 2025.
Lobby or trade group
Financial Innovation Now (FIN)
Policy coalition of Square (Block), PayPal, Stripe and Intuit that wrote to congressional leaders on March 19, 2020 urging that non-bank lenders be allowed to…
PPP
Lawyer or judge
Richard Finneran
Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner partner and former Assistant U.S. Attorney; trial counsel for Stephanie Hockridge in United States v. Reis and Hockridge (N.D. Tex.
PPP
Reporter
Emily Flitter
Flitter co-authored the April 2020 Times story on banks giving richer clients "concierge treatment" in the first PPP round.
PPP
Executive
James "Jimmy" Flores
Co-founder of Blueacorn.
PPP
Executive
John Foley
Peloton co-founder and chief executive through the lockdown boom.
Executive
Marwan Forzley
Co-founder and CEO of Veem, a cross-border payments network for small businesses; an advocacy signatory whose company built a free PPP application front-end…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Bill Foster
Member of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis and of the House Financial Services Committee (D-IL-11); physicist.
Lender or loan platform
Fountainhead
Nonbank Small Business Lending Company (SBLC) with SBA Preferred Lender Program (PLP) authority.
PPPPPPLF
Lobbyist
Dayna Frank
President and CEO of First Avenue Productions in Minneapolis and co-founder and first president of the National Independent Venue Association, which led the…
PPPEIDLOther programs
Executive
Robert Frohwein
Co-founder and former CEO of Kabbage.
PPP
Lender or loan platform
Fundbox
Small-business working-capital fintech; PPP lender of record in its own name.
PPPPPPLF
Lender or loan platform
Fundera
Online marketplace that matched small businesses with lenders and loan products.
PPP
Lender or loan platform
Funding Circle
SME marketplace lender; London-listed parent with a U.S. lending arm that was a direct PPP lender of record.
PPPPPPLF
Executive
Gilles Gade
Founder, chairman, president and CEO of Cross River Bank, which per SBA loan-level data originated 478,866 PPP…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Michael Galdo
Director for COVID-19 Fraud Enforcement and Director of the COVID-19 Fraud Enforcement Strike Forces at the Justice Department; later joined King & Spalding.
PPPEIDL
Executive
Randy Garutti
Shake Shack chief executive in April 2020, when the company received and returned a $10 million PPP loan.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Jennifer Naomi Gaspar
Chief Investigative Counsel of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis; later staff director of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on…
Oversight and enforcement
Alastair Gesmundo
DOJ attorney credited on the Kabbage bankruptcy proceeding tied to the PPP False Claims Act resolution.
PPP
Vendor or contractor
GIACT / LSEG Account Verification
Bank-account, payment, identity and fraud-verification provider.
PPP
Executive
Dan Gilbert
Founder and chairman of Rocket Companies.
EIDL
Executive
Jonathan S. Gitlin
Jonathan S. Gitlin is Biz2Credit's General Counsel (FTC stipulated order signature block).
PPP
Lawyer or judge
Craig T. Goldblatt
U.S. Bankruptcy Judge for the District of Delaware; presides over In re KServicing Wind Down Corp. (No. 22-10951) and its adversary proceedings.
PPP
Executive
Phil Goldfeder
SVP of Public Affairs at Cross River Bank during PPP; CEO of the American Fintech Council since March 2023.
PPP
Executive
Marc Goldschmitt
Owner of Goldschmitt and Associates, a service-disabled-veteran-owned firm whose joint venture Goldschmitt-CRI built SBA's PPP platform and forgiveness…
PPPEIDLOther programs
Executive
Zach Goldstein
Founder and CEO of Thanx; signatory of the March 24, 2020 fintech letter; advocated delivery-fee caps during the pandemic.
Executive
Adam Goller
Executive Vice President and Head of Fintech Banking at Cross River Bank.
PPP
Official · Federal Reserve
Austan Goolsbee
University of Chicago economist whose June 2020 study found that shutdown orders explained 7 of a 60-point fall in consumer traffic; president of the Federal…
PPP
Executive
Marc Gorlin
Co-founder of Kabbage; founded Roadie in 2014.
Executive
Jim Granat
Enova International's head of small business, who signed the March 24, 2020 fintech letter for Enova; after Enova acquired OnDeck in October 2020 he became…
PPP
Executive
Jonathan Grandperrin
Co-founder and CEO of Mindee, a French document-parsing company whose OCR was used in Womply's PPP application flow.
PPP
Executive
Errin Green
Chair and CEO of RER Solutions, the Herndon, Virginia 8(a) firm that was prime contractor on SBA's COVID-EIDL loan-recommendation contract; SBA OIG report…
EIDL
Executive
Logan Green
Lyft co-founder and CEO through the pandemic; Lyft's drivers were independent contractors eligible for PPP sole-proprietor loans and Pandemic Unemployment…
Oversight and enforcement
Mark Green
Minority member of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis (R-TN); physician.
Other company
Greenhouse pandemic layoffs
Labor-market and HR software
Official · Treasury
Jonathan Greenstein
A Treasury Deputy Assistant Secretary for Financial Institution Policy during the Trump first term, Greenstein is thanked by name "for…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Christi A. Grimm
The HHS Inspector General who flagged hospital shortages early in the pandemic, oversaw Provider Relief Fund accountability, and was removed in January 2025.
Other programs
Other company
Groupon pandemic layoffs
Local commerce
Other company
Grubhub
Online food-ordering and delivery marketplace (Grubhub, Seamless).
Official · SBA
Isabella Casillas Guzman
27th SBA Administrator — the agency's top official during the back half of the pandemic relief effort; oversaw PPP forgiveness, the…
PPPEIDLOther programs
Executive
Blake Hall
Founder and CEO of ID.me, the identity-verification company that about 30 states used for pandemic unemployment claims and that the IRS planned to require for…
Unemployment insurance
Executive
Ethan Hanson
Lendio's in-house legal chief, named alongside CEO Brock Blake on the May 2020 FTC/SBA PPP warning…
PPP
Official · Treasury
Benjamin Harris
Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy from November 15, 2021 to March 30, 2023.
Official · Treasury
Jodie Harris
As Director of Treasury's CDFI Fund (the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund), Harris reported in a Dec 9, 2020 director's update…
PPP
Lender or loan platform
Harvest Small Business Finance
Nonbank SBA 7(a) and commercial real estate lender.
PPPPPPLF
Oversight and enforcement
Julia Heald
An FTC staff attorney who signed the Womply complaint.
PPP
Executive
Jared Hecht
Jared Hecht is a New York technology founder.
PPP
Executive
Taylor Hendricksen
Co-founder of Paynerd and Chief Marketing Officer of Blueacorn.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Paola Henry
An FTC staff attorney who signed the Womply complaint.
PPP
Executive
Daniel Hernandez
A former South Florida bank market manager sentenced in 2023 to 120 months in prison for a PPP conspiracy that submitted more than 90 fraudulent applications…
PPPEIDL
Oversight and enforcement
David J. Hickton
Founding Staff Director of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis; former U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania; founding…
Executive
David T. Hines
A 29-year-old Miami man sentenced to more than six years in prison for fraudulently obtaining approximately $3.9 million in PPP loans, part of which bought…
PPP
Executive
Victor Ho
Co-founder and CEO of FiveStars; signatory of the March 24, 2020 fintech letter; SumUp acquired FiveStars in October 2021 for $317 million.
PPP
Executive
William Hockey
Plaid co-founder who moved to an advisory role in June 2019 and later bought a California bank that became Column; Plaid's account-verification service was…
Executive
Stephanie Hockridge (Reis)
Co-founder of Blueacorn and former Phoenix television news anchor.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Melissa Holyoak
Republican FTC commissioner who joined after the PPP-fintech settlements were filed and later became U.S. Attorney for the District of Utah.
Oversight and enforcement
Michael Horowitz
Department of Justice Inspector General and Chair of the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee.
PPPEIDLUnemployment insurance
Executive
Reese Howell Jr.
Founder, chairman and CEO of Celtic Bank, a Utah industrial bank and SBA lender that originated 167,201 PPP loans worth about $4.49 billion per SBA loan-level…
PPP
Lobbyist
Richard Hunt
President and CEO of the Consumer Bankers Association, 2009–2022; CBA statements under him addressed PPP forgiveness, extension and member banks' role.
PPP
Executive
Chris Hurn
Founder and CEO of Fountainhead, a non-bank SBA lender that originated 272,227 PPP loans, largely through Womply's Fast Lane; Fountainhead sued Womply in…
PPP
Vendor or contractor
ID.me
Digital identity wallet and remote identity-proofing provider.
Unemployment insurance
Vendor or contractor
IDology / GBG
Identity-verification and fraud-prevention provider, known for knowledge-based authentication and identity data checks.
PPP
Executive
William Ingram
A defendant who pleaded guilty in July 2023 to one count of bank fraud conspiracy in a multi-state PPP and EIDL fraud case in New Jersey.
PPPEIDL
Vendor or contractor
Inscribe
Document-fraud detection and risk software for lenders, banks and fintech companies.
PPP
Other company
Instacart
Online grocery delivery and pickup marketplace.
Lender or loan platform
Intuit / QuickBooks Capital
Public financial-software company (TurboTax, QuickBooks, Mint, later Credit Karma and Mailchimp).
PPP
Official · Treasury
Robert Jackman
Career Treasury economist who co-authored Treasury's own empirical defense of the Paycheck Protection Program — the Office of Economic Policy…
PPP
Executive
Brandon Jackson
A Texas man sentenced to 33 months in prison and $1,772,453 in restitution for an EIDL fraud run alongside a larger Southern District of New York PPP case.
EIDL
Executive
Nadine Consuelo Jackson
A Dayton, Ohio "investigation and security" business owner sentenced to 24 months in prison after admitting to a COVID-relief fraud scheme involving an SBA…
PPPEIDL
Other company
Jetty pandemic layoffs
Renters insurance and housing fintech
PPP
Lobbyist
Lindsey Johnson
President and CEO of the Consumer Bankers Association since July 5, 2022; CBA issued a statement on the House fintech PPP report in December 2022.
PPP
Lobbyist
Travis Johnson
Founder and managing principal of 1607 Strategies, a government-affairs firm whose lobbying clients include Cross River Bank.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Jim Jordan
Minority member of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis (R-OH); his pandemic-oversight work concerned COVID origins and related matters…
Lawyer or judge
Sean D. Jordan
U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Texas; assigned United States ex rel.
PPP
Lender or loan platform
Kabbage / K Servicing
Atlanta-based fintech small-business lender.
PPP
Executive
Cory Kampfer
OnDeck's Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel through its 2020 sale to Enova, where he now co-leads Enova Small Business.
PPP
Official · Federal Reserve
Neel Kashkari
The Minneapolis Fed's PPPLF materials describe the facility as term financing backed by PPP loans.
PPPLF
Executive
Husayn Kassai
Co-founder and former CEO of Onfido, the identity-verification company Blueacorn made its primary PPP identity check in April 2021, per the House report…
PPP
Official · Treasury
Dan Katz
Katz entered the Secretary's office in 2025, long after the 2020–2021 PPP/EIDL/Coronavirus Relief Fund disbursements.
Official · SBA
Patrick Kelley
Associate Administrator for the SBA Office of Capital Access (OCA) — the official who ran PPP forgiveness operations and led the launch of the…
PPPEIDLOther programs
Oversight and enforcement
Lina Khan
FTC Chair when the agency brought the Womply and Biz2Credit cases (2024), and a frequent target of recusal demands…
PPP
Executive
Dara Khosrowshahi
Uber's CEO through the pandemic; Uber's drivers were independent contractors eligible for PPP sole-proprietor loans and Pandemic Unemployment Assistance.
Other company
Kickstarter pandemic layoffs
Events, venues, and creator marketplaces
Oversight and enforcement
Alex Kiles
Counsel on the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis in its first year, by way of Covington and House Oversight, now Lead Counsel for Policy at…
Executive
Alex Kinnier
Co-founder and CEO of Upside (formerly GetUpside), a cash-back retail-promotions platform; an advocacy signatory whose company was a PPP borrower but not a…
PPP
Executive
Nir Klar
A co-founder and continuing CTO of BlueVine.
PPP
Official · SBA
John W. Klein
SBA's institutional authority on the size-standard and affiliation rules that defined who counted as a "small business" eligible for PPP and…
PPPEIDL
Official · Treasury
Michael Kipp Kranbuhl
Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Financial Markets at Treasury, the senior Office-of-Financial-Markets seat over the office…
Other programs
Oversight and enforcement
Raja Krishnamoorthi
Member of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis in the 117th Congress (D-IL).
PPPEIDL
Executive
Luke LaHaie
Executive of The Loan Source, which purchased and serviced PPP loans originated by other lenders.
PPPPPPLF
Oversight and enforcement
Brian M. LaMacchia
Assistant U.S. Attorney in Massachusetts named on the Kabbage PPP False Claims Act resolution.
PPP
Lobbyist
Larry C. Lavender
Registered lobbyist (Lavender Consultants) on Enova-related Senate Lobbying Disclosure Act filings, including 2022 filings that list pandemic-relief statutes.
PPP
Executive
Doug Lebda
LendingTree founder who built the largest U.S. online loan marketplace, pledged its net PPP proceeds to charity, and died in a 2025 accident.
PPP
Official · Treasury
David A. Lebryk
As Fiscal Assistant Secretary he oversaw the Bureau of the Fiscal Service, the bureau that operates the federal government's payment systems…
Executive
Bastian Lehmann
Co-founder and CEO of Postmates, which Uber acquired in 2020.
Executive
Manfred A. Pentzke Lemus
Guaynabo, Puerto Rico man described in court documents as the principal organizer of a COVID-19 relief fraud scheme charged with at least 272 fraudulent PPP…
PPPEIDL
Lender or loan platform
Lendio
Small-business loan marketplace / facilitator — not a lender of record.
PPP
Lender or loan platform
Lendistry
Minority-led, technology-enabled Community Development Financial Institution and SBA small-business lender — lender of record on its own PPP book…
PPPPPPLFOther programs
Oversight and enforcement
Glenn Leon
Chief of the DOJ Criminal Division's Fraud Section during the PPP prosecutions; later a partner at Jenner & Block.
PPPEIDL
Other company
Lever pandemic layoffs
Labor-market and HR software
Oversight and enforcement
Samuel Levine
Director of the FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection when the agency filed the Womply and Biz2Credit cases.
PPP
Vendor or contractor
LexisNexis Risk Solutions
Data, analytics, identity-verification and fraud-screening provider to government agencies, lenders and insurers; part of RELX.
PPPUnemployment insurance
Official · Treasury
J. Nellie Liang
Under Secretary for Domestic Finance — oversaw Treasury's Domestic Finance bureaus (recovery programs, financial institutions, Fiscal…
Executive
Eyal Lifshitz
Founder and CEO of Bluevine, which reports facilitating roughly $8.9 billion in PPP loans through partner banks; Bluevine is one of the companies examined in…
PPP
Executive
Brent Lillard (GovSmart, Inc.)
Co-founder and CEO of GovSmart, Inc., a Charlottesville IT reseller that received SVOG-related follow-on contract work and took a $580,300 PPP loan.
PPPOther programs
Executive
Jason Lloyd
President and CEO of WebBank, a Salt Lake City industrial bank that originated 119,182 PPP loans worth about $3.18 billion (SBA loan-level data as compiled in…
PPP
Official · SBA
Kelly Loeffler
SBA Administrator since Feb. 20, 2025, and, as a 2020 senator, a vote for the CARES Act; under her the SBA has announced suspensions of PPP and EIDL borrowers…
PPPEIDL
Lawyer or judge
Stuart R. Lombardi
Willkie Farr & Gallagher partner; counsel for claimant OTO Analytics (Womply) in the JAMS arbitration against Benworth.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Sarah E. Loucks
DOJ Fraud Section trial attorney named on the Kabbage False Claims Act resolution.
PPP
Executive
Tobi Lutke
Shopify chief executive through the pandemic e-commerce surge.
Other company
Lyft pandemic layoffs
Mobility
Other company
Lyft
Ride-hailing and micromobility (bikes/scooters) platform.
Unemployment insurance
Executive
Kyle Mack
Co-founder and CEO of Middesk, a business-identity verification company; signatory of the March 24, 2020 fintech letter.
PPP
Other company
Magic Leap pandemic layoffs
Augmented-reality hardware
Executive
Chip Mahan
Founder, chairman and chief executive of Live Oak Bancshares, the Wilmington, North Carolina parent of Live Oak Bank.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Nicole Malliotakis
Minority member of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis (R-NY) and of its 118th-Congress successor.
Oversight and enforcement
Carolyn Maloney
Chair of the House Committee on Oversight and Reform, 2019–2023, and a member of the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis (D-NY-12; in the House…
Executive
Matt Maloney
Grubhub co-founder and chief executive through the pandemic and the company's $7.3 billion sale to Just Eat Takeaway.com.
Executive
Matthew "Matt" Mandell
Founder and chief executive of Paynerd, the marketing firm that, per Blueacorn's cash-flow statement as published by…
PPP
Official · SBA
William Manger
Ran/oversaw the operational launch of the Paycheck Protection Program in April 2020; frequent SBA spokesperson on PPP.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Ed Markey
Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship in the 119th Congress (D-MA).
PPP
Executive
Bernardo Martinez
Career small-business-lending executive who ran Funding Circle's U.S. arm when it became a PPP lender of record…
PPP
Executive
Jose Martinez
President of Prestamos CDFI, LLC and Executive Vice President for Economic Development at Chicanos Por La Causa.
PPPPPPLF
Executive
Rafael Martinez
CEO and primary owner of MBE Capital Partners, a New York nonbank PPP lender.
PPPPPPLF
Executive
Alvin Maxwell
A Texas business owner sentenced to 18 months in prison, the shortest term of the five defendants in a Southern District of New York PPP fraud case…
PPP
Lender or loan platform
MBE Capital Partners
Non-bank SBA-approved PPP lender of record.
PPPPPPLF
Official · Treasury
Brent J. McIntosh
Treasury's General Counsel until 2019 and then its nominee and Under Secretary for International Affairs — a senior Treasury principal on…
Official · Treasury
Jonathan McKernan
McKernan was not at Treasury in a relief-administration role in 2020–2021.
Oversight and enforcement
Jeffrey Ryan McLaren
A DOJ trial attorney on the Blueacorn prosecution.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Stanton McManus
Justice Department bankruptcy lawyer for the United States in Kabbage's Chapter 11, where the government kept its False Claims Act options open while the PPP…
PPP
Executive
Doug McMillon
Walmart chief executive from February 2014 to January 2026.
Lawyer or judge
Terry R. Means
Senior U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Texas; accepted James Flores's guilty plea and sentenced him in United States v. Flores (No…
PPP
Executive
Halee Ann Mehlbauer
A Tooele, Utah woman the U.S. Attorney's Office called the ringleader of a PPP loan scheme run through businesses that did not exist; sentenced in December…
PPP
Executive
Apoorva Mehta
Instacart founder and chief executive through the 2020 grocery surge, when the company set out to add 300,000 contract shoppers in three months.
PPP
Reporter
Renae Merle
Merle covered the early PPP rollout, including stories about the rocky launch, emergency-loan delays, and community-bank implementation.
PPP
Executive
Tomer Michaeli
A co-founder of Fundbox, a PPP lender of record; no enforcement action naming him is on the public record.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Brian D. Miller
Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery from June 2020 until the office's statutory term ended on March 27, 2025.
Other programs
Official · SBA
John Miller
Deputy Associate Administrator in SBA's Office of Capital Access during PPP — the career official supporting the Associate Administrator on…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Linda Miller
Deputy Executive Director of the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee; later anti-fraud practitioner and recurring congressional witness.
PPPEIDLUnemployment insuranceOther programs
Oversight and enforcement
Wendy Miller
An FTC consumer-protection attorney who signed the Biz2Credit complaint.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Mariannette Miller-Meeks
Minority member of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis (R-IA) and of its 118th-Congress successor; physician.
Other company
Mindbody pandemic layoffs
Fitness and wellness software
PPP
Vendor or contractor
Mindee
Document-processing and OCR software sold as an API to developers.
PPP
Official · Treasury
Stephen I. Miran
Political Senior Advisor in Treasury's Office of Economic Policy who supported SBA's PPP implementation and was the corresponding author of…
PPP
Official · Treasury
Steven T. Mnuchin
Treasury Secretary holding the statutory CARES Act Title IV / Exchange Stabilization Fund authority ($500B) over Federal Reserve…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Lisa Monaco
Deputy Attorney General who stood up DOJ's COVID-19 Fraud Enforcement Task Force.
PPPEIDL
Official · SBA
Rafaela Monchek
A career disaster-recovery executive in the SBA office that ran COVID-EIDL — signing the disaster declarations that open EIDL lending and…
PPPEIDL
Executive
Joel Montaniel
Co-founder and CEO of SevenRooms, which DoorDash acquired for about $1.2 billion in 2025; signatory of the March 24, 2020 fintech letter.
Official · Treasury
Brian P. Morrissey Jr.
Treasury's #2 lawyer (Principal Deputy General Counsel until April 2021), who by his own account and Sidley's "led multiple…
PPP
Executive
Brian Moynihan
Bank of America chair and chief executive during PPP, unemployment-benefit card disputes, and the large-bank pandemic-relief hearings.
PPPUnemployment insurance
Oversight and enforcement
Beth Mueller
Investigations counsel — later Chief Counsel — on the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis who arrived from Kirkland & Ellis and is now…
PPP
Reporter
Caitlin Mullen
Banking Dive senior editor; her May 2024 story covered the Kabbage / KServicing False Claims Act settlements.
PPP
Executive
Amos Mundendi
A Texas man sentenced to 42 months in prison for his part in a Southern District of New York PPP fraud conspiracy that, according to prosecutors, tried to…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Allison Friedrich Murphy
Chief Oversight Counsel of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis from 2020; partner at Kirkland & Ellis since June 2021.
Official · Treasury
Justin G. Muzinich
Treasury's day-to-day lead on the CARES Act Title IV / Exchange Stabilization Fund support for the Federal Reserve's Section 13(3)…
Other company
Namely pandemic layoffs
Labor-market and HR software
Executive
Bernardo Navarro
Founder of Benworth Capital Partners, which originated 311,022 PPP loans worth about $4.23 billion in 2021 through Womply's Fast Lane platform.
PPPEIDLPPPLF
Lobbyist
Rob Nichols
President and CEO of the American Bankers Association during PPP.
PPP
Official · Treasury
Eric A. Van Nostrand
Acting / "performing the duties of" Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy through the late recovery phase — led the Treasury office…
Lawyer or judge
Reed O'Connor
U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Texas; presided over United States v. Reis and Hockridge (No. 4:24-cr-287-O) and granted emergency relief in…
PPPOther programs
Executive
Dan O'Malley
CEO of Numerated, whose software banks used to process PPP applications.
PPP
Other company
Ola pandemic layoffs
Mobility
Lender or loan platform
OnDeck
Online small-business lender; formerly independent public company, now a brand of Enova International.
PPP
Vendor or contractor
Onfido / Entrust
Document and biometric identity-verification provider.
PPP
Other company
Opendoor pandemic layoffs
Opendoor laid off 600 people, 35 percent of its staff, on April 15, 2020, while stay-at-home orders shut most of the country.
Lawyer or judge
William H. Orrick III
Senior U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of California; assigned FTC v. OTO Analytics, Inc. and Toby Scammell (No. 3:24-cv-01661).
PPP
Defendant
Vinath Oudomsine
Georgia man who pleaded guilty to wire fraud over an $85,000 Economic Injury Disaster Loan, $57,789 of which bought a 1999 first-edition Charizard Pokémon…
EIDL
Executive
Allison Page
Allison Page co-founded SevenRooms in 2011 and is its chief product officer.
Other company
Pared pandemic layoffs
Restaurant staffing
Official · Treasury
Bimal V. Patel
Treasury's Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions during PPP's first round; his May 20, 2020 Exchequer Club remarks on PPP and CARES…
PPP
Executive
Rushi Patel
Co-founder of Homebase; signatory of the March 24, 2020 fintech letter.
Other company
Paynerd
Marketing / lead-generation company (not a lender; not a lender service provider).
PPP
Lender or loan platform
PayPal
Public digital-payments company.
PPP
Other company
Peek pandemic layoffs
Travel and hospitality
PPP
Executive
Zach Perret
Plaid co-founder and CEO; Plaid's account-verification API was used in fintech PPP lending, and the Justice Department sued in 2020 to block Visa's…
PPP
Official · SBA
Tami Perriello
SBA Chief Financial Officer; Acting Administrator of the SBA from January 20 to March 17, 2021.
PPP
Vendor or contractor
Persona
Identity-verification software company (Persona Identities, Inc.), selling government-ID, selfie, database and watchlist checks through an API.
PPP
Executive
Kathryn Petralia
Co-founder and former president of Kabbage.
PPP
Official · Treasury
Luke Pettit
Pettit entered Treasury in 2025, years after the 2020–2021 relief disbursements.
Oversight and enforcement
Noah Phillips
Republican FTC Commissioner during the early pandemic period; left the Commission before the Womply matter and joined Cravath.
Lawyer or judge
Jorge L. Piedra
Managing partner of Kozyak Tropin & Throckmorton; counsel for respondent Benworth Capital Partners in the JAMS arbitration and in Benworth's petition to…
PPP
Official · SBA
Christopher M. Pilkerton
SBA's General Counsel and, until Jovita Carranza was confirmed, its Acting Administrator — but he moved to the White House in March…
Vendor or contractor
Plaid
Financial-data network that connects bank accounts to apps and verifies account details for fintechs and lenders.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Kenneth Polite
Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division, 2021–2023, whose Fraud Section prosecuted PPP cases; later a partner at Sidley Austin.
PPPEIDL
Vendor or contractor
Pondera Solutions (Thomson Reuters)
Fraud-analytics vendor to government benefit programs; a Thomson Reuters business since March 2020.
Unemployment insurance
Executive
Adrienne Ponzo
A Bear, Delaware woman who prepared fraudulent PPP and EIDL applications in a multi-state COVID-19 relief fraud scheme — at large when charged in July 2023…
PPPEIDL
Other company
Postmates
On-demand delivery marketplace (food and goods).
PPPUnemployment insurance
Official · Federal Reserve
Jerome H. Powell
Jerome H. Powell chaired the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System during the 2020 pandemic shock.
PPPLF
Lender or loan platform
Prestamos CDFI / Chicanos Por La Causa
Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI); lending arm of a large Hispanic nonprofit.
PPPPPPLF
Official · Federal Reserve
Randal K. Quarles
Board voting records show Quarles voting with Chair Jerome H. Powell and the other governors on the April 8, 2020 establishment of the PPPLF.
PPPPPPLF
Official · White House
Natalie Quillian
Quillian's role was pandemic-response operations, not PPP administration.
Executive
Sean Rahilly
Enova's senior in-house legal officer since 2013.
Lobbyist
Rebeca Romero Rainey
President and CEO of the Independent Community Bankers of America; ICBA statements in 2020 addressed PPP relaunch, extension, simplified forgiveness and…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Jamie Raskin
Member of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis in the 116th and 117th Congresses (D-MD).
PPPEIDL
Lender or loan platform
Ready Capital
Public multi-strategy real estate finance company (mortgage REIT) with a nonbank SBA-lending arm.
PPPPPPLF
Other company
Redfin pandemic layoffs
On April 7, 2020 Redfin sent 41 percent of its agents home, most on furlough until September 1, and laid off 7 percent of its staff.
Unemployment insurance
Executive
Nathan "Nate" Reis
Co-founder and first CEO of Blueacorn.
PPP
Other company
Remote Year pandemic layoffs
Travel and hospitality
Vendor or contractor
RER Solutions, Inc.
Federal services contractor, Herndon, Virginia.
EIDL
Executive
Jacqueline Reses
Head of Square Capital from October 2015 to October 2020; Square reported facilitating more than $820 million in PPP loans to more than 76,000 small…
PPP
Official · IRS
Charles Rettig
IRS Commissioner during the pandemic filing seasons and the Economic Impact Payments. Pandemic-program role: 49th Commissioner of Internal Revenue — the…
Other programs
Executive
Max Rhodes
Co-founder and CEO of Faire, a wholesale marketplace for independent retailers; an advocacy signatory whose company was not a PPP lender or processor.
Executive
Clarine Nardi Riddle
Kasowitz Benson Torres lawyer and lobbyist whose Senate Lobbying Disclosure Act filings list her on Biz2Credit's CARES Act and PPP-related work.
PPP
Other company
RigUp / Workrise pandemic layoffs
Labor-market and HR software
PPPEIDLUnemployment insurance
Other company
Ritual pandemic layoffs
Ritual, a Toronto-based app for ordering lunch and coffee ahead from restaurants near offices, laid off 196 people, 54 percent of its staff, on April 2, 2020.
Executive
Eric Rivera
A Norcross, Georgia man charged as the orchestrator of a multi-state COVID-19 relief fraud scheme, accused of recruiting businesses into the fraud and taking…
PPP
Official · SBA
James Rivera
Career head of the SBA office that ran the COVID-19 EIDL program; as Acting Administrator during the 2021 transition, signed the American Rescue…
PPPEIDL
Executive
Jason Robins
DraftKings co-founder, chief executive and controlling shareholder.
Lawyer or judge
Jennifer L. Rochon
U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of New York; assigned FTC v. Biz2Credit, Inc. and Itria Ventures LLC (No. 1:24-cv-02001).
PPP
Reporter
Tony Romm
Economic policy correspondent at The New York Times; at The Washington Post (2018–2025) he reported the December 1, 2022 story on the House fintech PPP report…
PPP
Official · Federal Reserve
Eric S. Rosengren
Boston Fed materials identify Rosengren as president of the Reserve Bank that administered the Main Street Lending Program.
Other programs
Executive
Ryan Rosett
Founder and co-CEO of Credibly, a Michigan non-bank small-business finance company; signatory of the March 24, 2020 fintech letter.
PPP
Official · SBA
Michael Roth
Senior Advisor who ran SBA's Office of Capital Access / PPP operations day-to-day during the 2021 Biden transition.
PPP
Other company
Rover pandemic layoffs
Rover, the Seattle pet-sitting marketplace, got an $8,123,540 PPP loan approved April 15, 2020 that SBA lists as paid in full on August 21, 2021.
PPP
Official · Congress
Marco Rubio
Senate Small Business chairman who helped turn the emergency small-business bill into PPP, then publicly defended PPP as the central payroll bridge of the…
PPPEIDL
Executive
Mark Ruddock
CEO of BFS Capital from November 2018; signed the March 24, 2020 fintech letter and later said publicly why BFS Capital did not make PPP loans.
Other company
Samsara pandemic layoffs
Samsara, a Bay Area maker of connected sensors and cameras for fleets, laid off 300 employees, about 18 percent of its staff, in May 2020.
Other company
Sandbox VR pandemic layoffs
Location-based entertainment
PPP
Executive
Everett Sands
Founder and CEO of Lendistry (B.S.D. Capital, Inc.), a CDFI lender that originated 206,724 PPP loans and later administered state relief-grant programs…
PPPOther programs
Executive
Sieff Robert Sargeant
One of five people charged by complaint on July 19, 2023, in a multi-state COVID-19 relief program bank-fraud conspiracy in New Jersey, accused of signing PPP…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Steve Scalise
Ranking Member of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis (R-LA).
Lobbyist
Audrey Fix Schaefer
Communications director of the Washington, D.C. venue company I.M.P., who ran communications for the National Independent Venue Association through the Save…
Other programs
Official · Treasury
Laurie S. Schaffer
Treasury's senior career lawyer during the 2021 relief-oversight phase — appointed Principal Deputy General Counsel (Feb 2021) and…
PPPOther programs
Executive
Charlie Scharf
Wells Fargo chief executive since October 2019.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Zachary Schram
Former chief counsel on a Senate fraud-oversight staff; later in intelligence-agency and oversight-policy roles.
PPPEIDLUnemployment insurance
Lawyer or judge
Lisa M. Schweitzer
Cleary Gottlieb senior counsel; counsel for the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco in its suit against Benworth.
PPPLF
Official · SBA
Dianna L. Seaborn
As Director of the Office of Financial Assistance she owned SBA's 7(a)/PPP loan policy and was the named signatory on the PPP Procedural…
PPP
Executive
Adam Seery
Co-founder, president and CEO of Harvest Small Business Finance, a non-bank SBA lender that originated 408,173 PPP loans worth about $8.19 billion (SBA…
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Diane Seol
District of Massachusetts attorney named on the Kabbage PPP False Claims Act resolution.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Jeanne Shaheen
Chair of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship in the 118th Congress (D-NH).
Lawyer or judge
Gregg Shapiro
Boston False Claims Act lawyer and former federal prosecutor; counsel of record on three PPP qui tam suits filed in 2024–2025, including Integra Research…
PPP
Executive
Moti Shatner
A co-founder of BlueVine, which facilitated PPP loans through partner banks.
PPP
Executive
Tia Sherringham
DoorDash's General Counsel and Secretary since January 2022, in the role through the company's 2025 acquisition of SevenRooms.
Defendant
Eric Shibley
Former Seattle doctor convicted by a jury in November 2021 on fifteen counts of wire fraud, bank fraud and money laundering over 26 PPP and 13 EIDL…
PPPEIDL
Executive
Eyal Shinar
Founder of Fundbox, a PPP lender of record (13,505 loans per SBA data); now at Black Ore.
PPP
Official · SBA
Sheldon Shoemaker
Oversight continuity only.
Executive
Jay Sidhu
Founder and executive chairman of Customers Bancorp, one of the larger PPP lenders; previously built Sovereign Bancorp.
PPP
Executive
Sam Sidhu
CEO of Customers Bancorp since January 1, 2026 and president and CEO of Customers Bank; led the bank's PPP lending.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Joseph Simons
Chairman of the FTC, 2018–2021, during the agency's early pandemic-relief consumer-protection cases; later returned to Paul, Weiss.
Oversight and enforcement
Leigha Simonton
U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas during the Blueacorn prosecution; later in private practice.
PPP
Executive
Evan Singer
CEO of SmartBiz, the SBA-lending marketplace that routed billions in PPP through partner banks.
PPP
Official · Federal Reserve
Daleep Singh
Head of the New York Fed's Markets Group from February 2020 to February 2021, when it ran the Fed's corporate-bond buying; later deputy national security…
Executive
Aleya Siyaj
Co-owner and manager of the Center for COVID Control, named with Akbar Syed in state consumer-protection cases that ended in consent judgments in Arizona and…
Oversight and enforcement
Jon Skladany
Republican oversight counsel on the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis; previously House Oversight, House Financial Services and the IMF…
Oversight and enforcement
Rebecca Kelly Slaughter
FTC Commissioner (Democrat); one of three commissioners who voted on March 18, 2024 to authorize the Womply and Biz2Credit complaints; removed in 2025 and the…
Official · White House
Andy Slavitt
Slavitt's pandemic role was public-health response and communications, not PPP or EIDL administration.
Executive
Barry Sloane
Chairman and CEO of Newtek (now NewtekOne), whose Newtek Small Business Finance was a non-bank SBA 7(a) lender and PPP lender of record.
PPP
Lender or loan platform
SmartBiz
Online SBA-loan marketplace and bank-enabling technology platform; later an SBA lender under the SmartBiz Bank identity.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Andrew Smith
Director of the FTC Bureau of Consumer Protection, 2018–2020; Covington & Burling partner before and after.
Official · Treasury
Brian Smith
Smith's held record is three 2025 quarterly refunding statements; no held source places him in a relief role in 2020–2021.
Executive
Lisa Smith
A Cornelius, North Carolina woman who admitted, in a New Jersey federal case, to a multimillion-dollar COVID-19 relief fraud scheme involving at least 29 PPP…
PPP
Executive
Thomas Smith
A Pewaukee, Wisconsin man sentenced to 57 months in prison and $960,000 in restitution after admitting he sought more than $1.2 million in PPP loans for eight…
PPP
Vendor or contractor
Socure
Socure sells the check that decides whether an online applicant is who they claim to be.
Unemployment insurance
Other company
Sojern pandemic layoffs
Sojern, a San Francisco company that sells advertising aimed at people planning trips, cut 300 employees, about half its staff, by April 6, 2020.
Other company
Sonder pandemic layoffs
Sonder, which leased apartments and small hotels to rent by the night, laid off or furloughed 400 employees, a third of its staff, in March 2020.
Executive
Rick Song
Co-founder and CEO of Persona, an identity-verification company used in Square Capital's and Womply's PPP application flows; Persona took no PPP loan.
PPP
Official · White House
Gene Sperling
As White House American Rescue Plan Coordinator (2021–2024) his work was implementation of the American Rescue Plan, including emergency rental assistance…
Other programs
Executive
Noah Spirakus
Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer of Blueacorn.
PPP
Lender or loan platform
Square
Public payments and financial-services company.
PPP
Defendant
David Staveley
Pleaded guilty on May 17, 2021 to conspiracy to commit bank fraud and failure to appear (D.R.I. 1:20-cr-00074-MSM) over four PPP applications seeking…
PPP
Official · Treasury
James Y. Stern
One of two Deputy General Counsels at Treasury during the COVID response; per his own William & Mary bio he "played a major role in the…
Executive
Dan Stevens
Founder of Kickbox, a Dallas email-verification company used in Womply's PPP application flow; Kickbox took a $186,400 PPP loan from Harmony Bank that SBA…
PPP
Official · SBA
Matthew ("Matt") Stevens
SBA's SVOG Program Director — the operational lead and public spokesperson for the $16.25B Shuttered Venue Operators Grant after its…
Other programs
Lobbyist
Scott G. Stewart
CEO of the Innovative Lending Platform Association since 2017; ILPA's 2020 Senate LDA reports list lobbying on PPP and EIDL extension and loan forgiveness.
PPPEIDL
Other company
Stockwell AI pandemic layoffs
Stockwell AI, the Bay Area vending-cabinet startup first known as Bodega, told TechCrunch on June 15, 2020 that it would wind down on July 1.
Other company
Stone / StoneCo pandemic layoffs
StoneCo, the Brazilian card-payments company, said in May 2020 it had given merchant clients R$30 million in relief and R$100 million in microloans.
Executive
James Stote
Hollywood, Florida man who, with a manager of professional football players, led a nationwide PPP fraud scheme in which he submitted or facilitated at least…
PPP
Other company
StubHub pandemic layoffs
Viagogo closed its purchase of StubHub from eBay on February 13, 2020, weeks before live events stopped.
Reporter
Jenny Surane
Surane and Faux reported that Kabbage cut off business credit lines as cash needs mounted at the beginning…
Other company
Swiggy pandemic layoffs
Swiggy's income from operations fell to ₹25,469 million in the year to March 2021 from ₹34,681 million after India's lockdown.
Executive
Akbar Syed
Co-owner, with his wife Aleya Siyaj, of the Center for COVID Control, a testing chain with about 300 sites whose partner lab had been reimbursed more than…
Executive
Stanley Tang
DoorDash co-founder and director; Head of DoorDash Labs when the company went public in December 2020.
Executive
Vlad Tenev
Robinhood co-founder and chief executive during the 2020–2021 retail-trading surge, the January 2021 GameStop trading restrictions and the February 2021 House…
Executive
Marietta Terabelian
Encino woman convicted at trial in June 2021 in the Los Angeles PPP and EIDL fraud ring organized by her husband, Richard Ayvazyan; she absconded with him…
PPPEIDL
Lender or loan platform
The Loan Source, Inc.
Non-bank SBA lender of record / PPP secondary-market buyer and warehouse.
PPPPPPLF
Official · Treasury
Derek Theurer
Theurer joined Treasury in 2025, years after the 2020–2021 relief disbursements.
Oversight and enforcement
Pamela Thiessen
Former Senate Republican oversight staff director; later a registered lobbyist.
Executive
Darrell Thomas
Johns Creek, Georgia man whom federal prosecutors called the mastermind of an Atlanta scheme that obtained 14 fraudulent PPP loans totaling about $11.1…
PPPEIDL
Other company
Thumbtack pandemic layoffs
Thumbtack, the marketplace that matches customers with local painters, handymen, DJs and tutors, announced on March 30, 2020 that it had laid off 250 employees.
PPP
Other company
Toast pandemic layoffs
Toast, the Boston restaurant point-of-sale and payments company, cut half its staff in April 2020: its IPO registration later put the reduction at about 48…
Other programs
Executive
Melissa Townsley-Solis
Co-founder and CEO of GIACT Systems, the Allen, Texas account- and payment-verification company whose checks Blueacorn used in its PPP process; GIACT was…
PPP
Other company
TripActions / Navan pandemic layoffs
TripActions, a Palo Alto business-travel booking company now called Navan, earned a fee each time a client's employee booked a trip.
Other company
Tripadvisor pandemic layoffs
On April 28, 2020 Tripadvisor's chief executive and co-founder, Stephen Kaufer, told staff in a town hall that the company was cutting a quarter of its global…
Oversight and enforcement
Philip Trout
Acting Assistant Chief in the DOJ Fraud Section, listed by DOJ among the prosecutors of Blueacorn co-founder Stephanie Hockridge.
PPPEIDL
Executive
Will Tumulty
CEO of Rapid Finance (Rapid Financial Services), owned by Rockbridge Growth Equity; Rapid built the automated decisioning system used for SBA's COVID-EIDL…
EIDL
Oversight and enforcement
Larry D. Turner
The Department of Labor Inspector General who produced the pandemic unemployment-insurance fraud estimates and was removed in January 2025.
Unemployment insurance
Other company
Turo pandemic layoffs
Turo laid off 108 employees, 30 percent of its staff, as shelter-in-place orders stopped car rentals in spring 2020.
PPP
Other company
Uber pandemic layoffs
Uber cut 3,700 jobs, 14 percent of its staff, on May 6, 2020, the largest layoff in Layoffs.fyi's pandemic tally to that point, and 6,700 in May as a whole.
Unemployment insurance
Other company
Uber
Ride-hailing, delivery (Uber Eats), and freight platform.
Oversight and enforcement
Carlos Felipe Uriarte
Chief Counsel for Investigations of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis (2020 – April 2021); later Senate-confirmed Assistant Attorney…
Oversight and enforcement
Nydia Velázquez
Member of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis and Chair of the House Small Business Committee, which has jurisdiction over the SBA (D-NY).
Official · CMS
Seema Verma
CMS Administrator through the pandemic response; on March 17, 2020 CMS expanded Medicare telehealth payment under section 1135 waiver authority.
Executive
Mike Vichich
Co-founder and CEO of Wisely, a restaurant customer-intelligence company later bought by Olo; now building Pursuit, a govtech startup.
PPP
Executive
Thiruvendran "Thiru" Vignarajah
Chief executive of Capital Plus Financial, LLC from August 2021 through 2023; former Deputy Attorney General of Maryland.
PPP
Executive
John Waldmann
Co-founder and CEO of Homebase, whose hourly-work data the March 24, 2020 fintech letter quoted.
Executive
Stuart Wall
Co-founder and CEO of Signpost, an SMB marketing-automation company whose platform was bought by Hibu in 2023; later a venture partner at Bowery Capital.
Oversight and enforcement
Hannibal "Mike" Ware
SBA Inspector General — the independent watchdog whose office produced the fraud estimates for PPP and COVID-EIDL, including the finding…
PPPEIDL
Oversight and enforcement
Maxine Waters
Member of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis and Chair of the House Financial Services Committee in the 117th Congress (D-CA).
Lender or loan platform
WebBank
Utah-chartered industrial bank; banking-as-a-service originating bank for fintech brand partners.
PPPPPPLF
Oversight and enforcement
Brad Wenstrup
Chairman of the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic during the 118th Congress and the name attached to the 520-page Republican after-action…
Official · IRS
Daniel Werfel
IRS Commissioner from 2023 to January 2025 who ordered the September 2023 moratorium on new Employee Retention Credit claims and ran the agency's review of…
ERC
Executive
James Wessels
A Middletown, Delaware man charged with creating fake payroll checks and fraudulent tax forms in a multi-state COVID-19 relief fraud scheme.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Robert A. Westbrooks
PRAC — chaired by DOJ IG Michael Horowitz — was created to coordinate inspectors general across the federal pandemic-spending…
Oversight and enforcement
Matthew Weybrecht
Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas on the Blueacorn prosecution.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Damian Williams
U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York during the office's pandemic-relief fraud prosecutions.
PPPEIDL
Official · Treasury
Jeffrey Tyler Williams ("Tyler Williams")
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions Policy at Treasury during President Trump's first term.
Oversight and enforcement
Roger Williams
Chairman of the House Committee on Small Business (R-TX-25).
PPPEIDLOther programs
Reporter
Derek Willis
Data journalist; co-author of ProPublica's May 2021 investigation of PPP loans to fake farms and co-builder of its "Tracking PPP Loans" database.
PPP
Oversight and enforcement
Christine S. Wilson
Republican FTC Commissioner who resigned in 2023, accusing Chair Khan of "disregard for the rule of law and due process."
Official · Treasury
Catherine D. Wolfram
Acting Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy in 2021 — ran the Treasury office that published the department's recovery analysis…
Other company
Wonderschool pandemic layoffs
Wonderschool laid off 50 people, 75 percent of its staff, in March 2020, when shelter-in-place orders emptied the in-home preschools it ran on.
Official · SBA
Everett M. Woodel Jr.
None substantive.
Oversight and enforcement
Katherine Worthman
An FTC consumer-protection attorney who signed the Womply complaint.
PPP
Executive
Tony Xu
DoorDash co-founder and CEO; DoorDash went public in December 2020, and its couriers are independent contractors.
Executive
Matt Yahes
Chief Operating Officer of Blueacorn.
PPP
Official · Treasury
Janet L. Yellen
Treasury Secretary who took office after PPP/EIDL were running and led Treasury's implementation of the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA, March…
PPPOther programs
Other company
Yelp pandemic layoffs
On April 7, 2020 Yelp's board approved a restructuring plan that cut about 1,000 jobs, 17 percent of the staff, put more employees on furlough and cut salaries.
Oversight and enforcement
Betty Young
Eastern District of Texas prosecutor on both halves of the Kabbage PPP False Claims Act file: the 2024 settlement with the bankrupt lender and the…
PPP
Executive
Eric Yuan
Founder and chief executive of Zoom, whose revenue for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 rose 326% to $2.65 billion.
Oversight and enforcement
Alex B. Zerden
Counsel to the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis, June 2020 – May 2021; founder of Capitol Peak Strategies.
Other company
Zeus Living pandemic layoffs
Travel and hospitality
PPP
Official · White House
Jeff Zients
Zients ran pandemic-response administration, not PPP or EIDL.
Executive
John Zimmer
Lyft co-founder and president through the pandemic; Lyft's drivers were independent contractors eligible for PPP and Pandemic Unemployment Assistance, and…
Other company
Zoox pandemic layoffs
In the first week of April 2020 Zoox, a self-driving startup said to be worth more than $3 billion, laid off almost all of its contract workers, including the…
Oversight and enforcement
Evan R. Zullow
An FTC financial-practices attorney who signed the Biz2Credit complaint.
PPP
Lobby or trade group
1607 Strategies
Washington government-relations firm founded by Travis Johnson; Senate LDA and House lobbying records list Cross River Bank as a client across 2020 and later…
PPP
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