Index · Rankings
Texas’s government was obligated $79.93B of COVID-19 relief, the most of 59 jurisdictions. SBA obligated $928.91B of COVID-19 supplemental appropriations, more than any other agency, and JPMorgan Chase’s PPP book came to $44,111,851,716.69 in approved dollars. These sixteen lists each put one published record in order: SBA’s PPP loan file, the Federal Reserve’s Main Street and liquidity-facility disclosures, the PRAC’s funding tables, HRSA’s payment list and the Justice Department’s press releases. Each names the column it sorts by, the date of the file behind it, and what the order does not measure.
Featured ranking
States and Territories by COVID-19 Relief Obligated to Their Governments
$79.93B Texas, first of 59 jurisdictions; $826.82B obligated in all
Money obligated to the state or territory government itself; awards to businesses, households and local governments are not in it, and nothing is adjusted for population.
59 rows As of PRAC file as downloaded 18 September 2026
Three views of the PRAC funding table built from USAspending: by awarding agency, by assistance listing, and by the state or territory government that received it.
59 rows As of PRAC file as downloaded 18 September 2026
$79.93B Texas, first of 59 jurisdictions; $826.82B obligated in all
Money obligated to the state or territory government itself; awards to businesses, households and local governments are not in it, and nothing is adjusted for population.
COVID-19 dollars obligated to the governments of all 59 jurisdictions in the PRAC's state-and-territory funding table, $826.82B in all; other recipients are not in it.
Source table state-and-territory-funding-data.xlsx
Source vintage PRAC file as downloaded 18 September 2026
28 rows As of PRAC file as downloaded 18 September 2026
$928.91B Small Business Administration, first of 28 awarding agencies
Obligations are commitments to spend, summed from the PRAC table; relief paid through the tax code, such as the Employee Retention Credit, is not an obligation and is absent.
All 28 awarding agencies in the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee's funding table, ranked by the dollars they obligated from COVID-19 supplemental appropriations.
Source table PRAC, Track the money: data
Source vintage PRAC file as downloaded 18 September 2026
25 rows As of PRAC file as downloaded 18 September 2026
$811.58B Paycheck Protection Loan Program (PPP), first of 529 assistance listings
An assistance listing is an accounting label: PPP is one row for more than eleven million loans, while relief inside a block grant is invisible under the grant’s name.
The 25 assistance listings that obligated the most COVID-19 supplemental money, out of 529 in the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee's funding table.
Source table PRAC, Track the money: data
Source vintage PRAC file as downloaded 18 September 2026
PPP originators by book size and by the fee SBA’s schedule would have paid them, the banks that sold Main Street loans to the Federal Reserve, and the 19 institutions with PPP Liquidity Facility advances still outstanding.
Featured article · Who made money delivering relief
$1.70 billion owed to JPMorgan Chase, the most of any lender; Blueacorn, which made no loans, collected about $1.08 billion
Each figure is what the collector received and kept as far as its filings, audits and court records show; where they show nothing, it is the fee SBA’s schedule set on the lender’s own loans. Ranges rank at their midpoint.
23 fee collectors Published September 27, 2026
500 lenders As of SBA PPP FOIA 2024-09-30
$44,111,851,716.69 JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, first of 500 by approved dollars; $659,065,090,673.01 across the 500
Ranked by the approved dollars in SBA’s per-lender totals; each lender page carries its rank by dollars and by loan count.
PPP originating lenders by approved dollars. The 500 ranked rows hold 9,226,746 loans and $659,065,090,673.01 in approved dollars, and the Womply and Blueacorn platform networks appear in the same table without a rank; each lender page carries its row, its rank by dollars and by loan count, and the archive pages that name it.
Source table PPP per-lender totals
Source vintage SBA PPP FOIA 2024-09-30
25 rows As of SBA PPP FOIA 2024-09-30; filings & audits through 2024
$1,700.2M JPMorgan Chase leads PPP originating lenders; Blueacorn ($1,080.0M-$1,086.0M) leads reported agent receipts; RER Solutions (at least $357.3M) leads SBA contractors
Cross-program ranking of the 25 firms paid the most to deliver PPP and COVID-19 EIDL relief, with each row classified as reported, audited, or modeled.
23 collectors from the reported series plus Citizens Bank ($293.2M) and Fifth Third Bank ($272.7M) from the SBA fee model; reconciles Harvest ($319.3M), Capital Plus ($305.7M), and Itria ($473.4M).
Source table Who Made Money From Pandemic Relief & PPP per-lender totals
Source vintage SBA PPP FOIA 2024-09-30; filings & audits through 2024
25 rows As of SBA PPP FOIA release of 30 September 2024; fees recalculated from the loan file on 19 September 2026
$38.24B estimated processing fees across 4,688 originating lenders, modeled loan by loan from SBA’s schedule
Estimates, not payments: SBA never published what each lender was paid, so the published schedule is applied to every loan in the FOIA release.
What the Paycheck Protection Program paid lenders to originate it — modeled loan by loan from SBA's published fee schedule, because SBA never published what each lender was actually paid.
Source table PPP fee schedules by vintage
Source vintage SBA PPP FOIA release of 30 September 2024; fees recalculated from the loan file on 19 September 2026
4 rows As of SBA PPP FOIA release of 30 September 2024; fee build June 2026
$18.17B in fees on 5,136,260 loans from 2020 under the 2020 schedule, or $23.32B if the 2021 schedule had applied
An exhibit, not a leaderboard: the same loans priced under each schedule in turn, from SBA’s published fee bands.
The Paycheck Protection Program changed how it paid lenders between its 2020 and 2021 rounds. This is the fee pool each vintage of loans generated under the schedule that governed it, modeled from SBA's published schedules, and what the same loans would come to under the other one.
Source table PPP fee schedules by vintage
Source vintage SBA PPP FOIA release of 30 September 2024; fee build June 2026
25 rows As of Federal Reserve disclosure as of 12 April 2021
$1,907,140,089 City National Bank Of Florida, first of 320 lender-and-state pairs
Sums the principal of the participations the Fed bought from each lender, as of 31 January 2021; in every transaction the participation is 95 percent of the loan.
The 25 banks that sold the most Main Street loan principal to the Federal Reserve, out of 320 lender-and-state pairs in the Fed's transaction-specific disclosure.
Source table Federal Reserve Main Street and PPPLF disclosures
Source vintage Federal Reserve disclosure as of 12 April 2021
19 rows As of Federal Reserve disclosure of 13 April 2026, reporting advances as of 31 March 2026
$14.66B original advance amounts, summed, for the advances still outstanding on 31 March 2026
The tail of the facility, not a record of everything it lent: an institution absent here did not borrow, or has repaid.
The 19 institutions that still had PPP Liquidity Facility advances outstanding on 31 March 2026, ranked by the original amount of those advances. This is the tail of the facility, not a record of everything it lent.
Source table Federal Reserve Main Street and PPPLF disclosures
Source vintage Federal Reserve disclosure of 13 April 2026, reporting advances as of 31 March 2026
The biggest Main Street loans, the Shuttered Venue grants at the $10 million cap, and the hospital systems paid the most from the Provider Relief Fund.
25 rows As of Federal Reserve disclosure of 12 April 2021, reporting transactions as of 31 January 2021
$300,000,000 Fitness International, LLC, the largest of 1,830 Main Street transactions
The whole loan at the moment of purchase, not the Fed’s 95 percent share and not what is outstanding now; a borrower with two loans appears twice.
The 25 largest loans the Federal Reserve's Main Street Lending Program bought a participation in, from the Fed's own transaction-specific disclosure.
Source table Federal Reserve Main Street and PPPLF disclosures
Source vintage Federal Reserve disclosure of 12 April 2021, reporting transactions as of 31 January 2021
25 rows As of SBA award file as of 5 July 2022
$10,000,000 the program’s ceiling; 280 grantees were awarded exactly that, so every row is a tie at the cap
Grouped from SBA’s 5 July 2022 award file by grantee name and state; ties at the cap are ordered alphabetically and measure nothing.
The 25 largest Shuttered Venue Operators Grants, from SBA's award file. 280 grantees were awarded exactly $10 million, the program's ceiling, so every row below is a grantee at the cap.
Source table SBA Shuttered Venue Operators Grant awards
Source vintage SBA award file as of 5 July 2022
25 rows As of HRSA table as retrieved 21 July 2026
$1,217,422,679 NEW YORK CITY HEALTH HOSTITALS, as HRSA prints it, first of 418,720 payees
Ranks the name on the payment, not the health system behind it; a system that billed through several subsidiaries is split across rows.
Every Provider Relief Fund payment HRSA has published, summed by provider and ranked.
Source table HHS Provider Relief Fund and ARP Rural payments
Source vintage HRSA table as retrieved 21 July 2026
SBA’s 2026 borrower suspensions by jurisdiction, and where the Justice Department’s pandemic-fraud cases and announcements came from.
57 rows As of SBA releases of 14 September 2026; dataset built 15 September 2026
118,167 borrowers suspended in Florida, first of 57 jurisdictions with a figure
A suspension is an administrative step, not a finding of fraud; 52 figures come from SBA’s release of 14 September 2026 and five from earlier 2026 releases.
In September 2026 SBA said it had suspended about 870,000 pandemic-loan borrowers from further agency lending. This ranks that breakdown, with five jurisdictions carried from earlier 2026 releases.
Source table SBA borrower suspensions by state, 2026
Source vintage SBA releases of 14 September 2026; dataset built 15 September 2026
55 rows As of SBA releases of 14 September 2026; dataset built 15 September 2026
126.36 suspended borrowers per 1,000 PPP and COVID EIDL loans in Illinois, first of 55 ranked
The numerator counts borrowers and the denominator counts loans, so this is a comparative index, not a probability; jurisdictions under 1,000 loans are excluded.
SBA's suspensions of pandemic-loan borrowers, divided by how many PPP and COVID EIDL loans each jurisdiction had.
Source table SBA borrower suspensions by state, 2026
Source vintage SBA releases of 14 September 2026; dataset built 15 September 2026
89 districts As of Project database promoted 2026-07-10
58 sentencing rows in S.D. Fla., the most of 89 districts; 1,033 rows in all
Counts rows in the archive’s pandemic-fraud sentences table per district; each district page lists its rows as the table prints them.
Federal districts by rows in the pandemic-relief sentences table: 89 districts across 51 states and territories, 1,033 rows in all. Each district page lists the rows as the table prints them.
Source table Pandemic-fraud sentencing outcomes
Source vintage Project database promoted 2026-07-10
25 rows As of releases from 17 March 2020 to 2 October 2026
178 Justice Department pandemic-fraud releases from Massachusetts, first of 93 districts coded
Counts announcements, not cases or convictions: one prosecution can produce several releases, and 271 releases carry no district.
Which federal judicial districts the Justice Department's pandemic-fraud announcements came out of.
Source table DOJ pandemic-fraud press index
Source vintage releases from 17 March 2020 to 2 October 2026
25 rows As of releases from 17 March 2020 to 2 October 2026
182 releases announced by USAO - Massachusetts out of 3,093 in the index
Credits a release to every U.S. Attorney’s Office it names, so it will not agree row for row with the district list.
Which offices announced the most pandemic-fraud press releases, counted from 3,093 Justice Department releases between March 2020 and October 2026.
Source table DOJ pandemic-fraud press index
Source vintage releases from 17 March 2020 to 2 October 2026
Every figure on this page is read from the list page or the data-table page it links to. A ranking here is an ordering of a published table, not a judgment: the order follows the column the list names, and each list says how it breaks ties. Where a list is modeled rather than read, as the fee estimates are, the list says so and shows the model.