Motion to Compel Additional ESI Custodians by Consolidated Plaintiffs — In re BofA Unemployment Litigation (Dkt. 212)

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U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California · No. 3:21-md-02992-GPC-MSB · Doc. 212 · 2024-01-23 · Docket on CourtListener

Full text

Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel Additional ESI Custodians 
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JOSEPH W. COTCHETT (SBN 36324) 
jcotchett@cpmlegal.com 
BRIAN DANITZ (SBN 247403) 
bdanitz@cpmlegal.com 
KARIN B. SWOPE (Pro Hac Vice) 
kswope@cpmlegal.com 
ANDREW F. KIRTLEY (SBN 328023) 
akirtley@cpmlegal.com 
COTCHETT, PITRE & McCARTHY, LLP 
840 Malcolm Road, Suite 200 
Burlingame, CA 94010 
Telephone: (650) 697-6000 
Fax: (650) 697-0577 
MICHAEL RUBIN (SBN 80618) 
mrubin@altber.com 
STACEY M. LEYTON (SBN 203827) 
sleyton@altber.com 
MATTHEW MURRAY (SBN 271461) 
mmurray@altber.com 
CONNIE K. CHAN (SBN 284230) 
cchan@altber.com 
ALTSHULER BERZON LLP 
177 Post Street, Suite 300 
San Francisco, CA 94108 
Telephone: (415) 421-7151 
Fax: (415) 362-8064 
 
Co-Lead Counsel for Plaintiffs and the Proposed Class  
(Additional Counsel Listed Below) 
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 
 
IN RE BANK OF AMERICA 
CALIFORNIA UNEMPLOYMENT 
BENEFITS LITIGATION 
Case No. 3:21-md-02992-LAB-MSB 
 
PLAINTIFFS’ OPENING BRIEF IN 
SUPPORT OF MOTION TO 
COMPEL ADDITIONAL ESI 
CUSTODIANS 
This Document Relates to All Actions 
 
Judge: 
Hon. Larry Alan Burns 
 
REDACTED VERSION FOR PUBLIC 
FILING 
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Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel Additional ESI Custodians  
 
 
 
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Plaintiffs respectfully request that the Court compel Bank of America (1) to add 
four additional ESI custodians—Brian Moynihan (CEO), Thomas Montag (President 
of Global Banking and Markets and COO until December 2021), Catherine Bessant 
(Chief Operations and Technology Officer until 2021), and Dean Athanasia (President 
of Regional Banking)—to produce documents responsive to Plaintiffs’ RFPs 76-79, 
and (2) to add back the four additional ESI custodians for limited RFPs whom the Bank 
previously offered—Christine Channels, Jennifer Boussuge, Renee Johnson, and 
Rocco Blasi. All eight are now known to have highly relevant, non-duplicative 
documents; and Plaintiffs’ need for those documents far outweighs any potential burden 
to the Bank of a simple document collection given the amounts at stake, the significance 
of those documents to the issues, and the Bank’s considerable resources. 
BACKGROUND 
Plaintiffs’ claims in this complex MDL litigation encompass many issues, 
including the Bank’s reasons for developing its Claim Fraud Filter, its policies of 
automatically denying EDD cardholders’ unauthorized-transaction claims and 
automatically freezing their accounts based on that Claim Fraud Filter, its vendor 
oversight and security risk management practices, its decision not to include EMV 
chips in EDD debit cards, the inadequacy of its prepaid call center operations, and its 
relationship with EDD. Plaintiffs served their Second Set of RFPs relating to those 
topics on June 12, 2023, and their Third Set on August 15. Decl. of Connie K. Chan 
(“Chan Decl.”) ¶¶23-24. 
Notwithstanding the broad range of disputed issues and the parties’ ESI Protocol 
requiring disclosure of all potential document custodians, the Bank initially disclosed 
only five, limited to the topic of the Bank’s contract and communications with EDD. 
Id. ¶¶25-26. Plaintiffs responded by proposing 34 additional individuals likely to have 
relevant ESI based on the Bank’s Rule 26(a) initial disclosures and publicly available 
information. Id. ¶¶27, 29. The Bank agreed to 19 of the 34, excluding all executives. 
Id. ¶¶28-29. Given the time constraints, the parties agreed to proceed with document 
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Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel Additional ESI Custodians  
 
 
 
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collection for this initial “Round 1” set of 24 custodians and to meet and confer about 
“Round 2” custodians after the Bank produced organizational charts and Plaintiffs had 
sufficient opportunity to review the Round 1 documents. Id. ¶30.  
Other disputes delayed the start of the Bank’s ESI production. To kick start the 
process, Plaintiffs offered to remove four of the 24 custodians, subject to Round 2 
negotiations. Id. ¶31. The Bank subsequently produced about 200,000 documents from 
the remaining 20 custodians, plus 40 pages of org charts identifying hundreds of 
employees across 11 different relevant practice groups. Id. ¶32; Exs. 19-20.1  
 
Based on these documents, Plaintiffs asked the Bank also to produce (1) 
documents responsive to RFPs 76-79 from eight senior executives, and (2) documents 
responsive to a narrow range of RFPs from 17 additional non-executive custodians 
(eight relating to the Claim Fraud Filter, three relating to claims processing, three 
relating to card security, and four relating to call centers). Id. ¶33. The Bank countered 
by offering eight custodians total, one executive and seven non-executives. Id. ¶¶34-
35, Exs. 22-23. To resolve the dispute, Plaintiffs agreed to add only eight, as follows:  
Bank’s 12/15 Proposal 
General Topic (RFPs)         Custodian 
Plaintiff’s 12/22 Proposal 
(RFPs)  
Fraud Filter (39-41, 44-45) 
Christine Channels  
Agreed  
Jennifer Boussuge  
Agreed  
Anne Holt  
Brian Moynihan (76-79) 
Ruchira Ghosh  
Thomas Montag (76-79) 
John Denning 
Catherine Bessant (76-79) 
Claims Processing/Vendor 
Oversight (33-37, 39-41, 66) 
Renee Johnson  
Agreed 
Customer Service Call 
Centers (61, 64-66) 
Scott Robbins 
Dean Athanasia (76-79) 
Rocco Blasi 
Agreed 
 
Although the Bank would face no additional burden in exchanging one 
custodian for another, it rejected Plaintiffs’ proposed compromise, recanted its prior 
offer, and insisted in the January 3, 2024 IDC that no new ESI custodians should be 
added—a position Judge Berg rejected in his tentative ruling ordering the Bank to add 
three executives of Plaintiffs’ choosing. Id. ¶¶36-37. 
 
1 All exhibits are attached to the accompanying Chan Declaration. 
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Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel Additional ESI Custodians  
 
 
 
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LEGAL STANDARD 
Under the FRCP’s “liberal discovery principles,” the party resisting discovery 
bears a “heavy burden” of showing that the requested discovery is improper. 
Blankenship v. Hearst Corp., 519 F.2d 418, 429 (9th Cir. 1975); Fed. R. Civ. P. 
26(b)(1). So long as the party seeking discovery “satisfies the relevancy requirements 
of Rule 26(b)(1),” the party resisting discovery “has the burden to show discovery 
should not be allowed, and has the burden of clarifying, explaining, and supporting its 
objections.” Williams & Cochrane, LLP v. Quechan Tribe of Fort Yuma Indian 
Reservation, 2020 WL 2745246, *1 (S.D. Cal. May 27, 2020) (citation omitted).   
ARGUMENT 
A. The Four Requested Senior Executives (Moynihan, Montag, Bessant, 
and Athanasia) Possess Unique, Relevant Documents. 
In verified interrogatory responses, the Bank attested that 
 
 
 
 
” Ex. 18 at 17.  
Given the large number of Bank divisions affected, senior leaders were 
necessarily involved in directing this work. Indeed, the Bank’s documents confirm that 
CEO Moynihan, along with Bessant, Montag and Athanasia,2 were not merely 
passive recipients of information but 
 
 
 
 
2 Cathy Bessant is the senior executive 
 
; Tom Montag is the senior executive 
S. 
Ex. 20 at -0057843, -47848, -57853. Dean Athanasia is the senior executive 
 
 
 
 
. Ex. 18; Ex. 20 at -0057841-42. 
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—strategies at the core of Plaintiffs’ claims, 
including for treble damages under the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, 15 U.S.C. 
§1693f(e) (“EFTA”), and for punitive damages. See First Am. Master Consol. Compl. 
(“FAMCC”) ¶¶537-38, 545(e), Prayer ¶¶3-4; Exs. 1-14. 
For example, the Bank’s documents show that CEO Moynihan 
 
 
 
 
 
. See Exs. 10-12. 
The documents also indicate that Moynihan 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (Ex. 7), 
and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
. See, e.g., Ex. 15.  
The documents further show that Moynihan, along with Bessant, Montag, and 
Athanasia, 
 
 
 See, e.g., Ex. 2 (
 
 
); Ex. 3 (
 
 
 
); Ex. 4 (
 
); Ex. 5 (
 
); Ex. 6 (
 
 
); Ex. 9 (
 
); Ex. 13 (
); 
Ex. 14 (
). 
The Bank’s documents also show these executives communicated about these 
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key issues among themselves and with other non-custodian executives and the Bank’s 
Board members—communications not in the possession of any lower-level custodians. 
See, e.g., Ex. 1 (
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
); Ex. 3 (
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
); Ex. 4 (
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
); Ex. 8 
 
). The 
requested custodians likely possess relevant documents “not available through other 
data sources,” including their communications with: (1) each other (and non-custodian 
executives), (2) Board members, (3) third parties, and (4) non-custodian subordinates. 
See In re Facebook, No. 18-md-02843-VC-JSC, 2021 WL 10282213 at *2, 5-6 (N.D. 
Cal. Nov. 14, 2021) (compelling Facebook to produce CEO and COO custodial files).  
Courts routinely grant requests to add corporate officers and directors (including 
CEOs) as document custodians if they are likely to possess relevant documents.3 The 
Court should likewise do so here. 
B. 
Channels, Boussuge, Johnson, and Blasi Also Possess Unique, 
Relevant Documents. 
The Bank has no justification for refusing to produce the documents of Channels, 
 
3 See, e.g., id.; Blankenship v. Fox News Network, LLC, No. 19-cv-00236, 2021 WL 
2345972, at *3-5 (S.D. W. Va. June 8, 2021) (upholding magistrate judge order 
compelling discovery from six senior executives, in addition to 16 other executives or 
directors); Shenwick v. Twitter, Inc., No. 16-cv-05314-JST (SK), 2018 WL 833085, at 
*1 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 7, 2018) (compelling CEO custodial files); In re Envision 
Healthcare Corp., No. 17-cv-01112, 2020 WL 6750397, at *4 (M.D. Tenn. Nov. 16, 
2020) (adding senior executives); In re EpiPen, No. 17-md-2785-DDC-TJJ, 2018 WL 
1440923, at *3-4 (D. Kan. Mar. 15, 2018) (adding former CEOs); MariCal, Inc. v. 
Cooke Aquaculture, Inc., No. 14-cv-00366-JDL, 2016 WL 9459260, at *2-3 (D. Me. 
Aug. 9, 2016) (adding CEO); Dyson, Inc. v. Sharkninja Op’g LLC, No. 14-cv-0779, 
2016 WL 1613489, at *1 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 22, 2016) (ordering company to produce 
emails of its “global leader”). 
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Boussuge, and Johnson, each of whom the Bank previously conceded are “most likely 
to possess non-duplicative, relevant ESI pertaining to the issues remaining in the case,” 
Ex. 22, and designated in its interrogatory responses as among those “
 
 
 
 
 
 
, Ex. 18 at 17-18 . Blasi also possesses relevant 
ESI relating 
 
 
. See, e.g., Ex. 16 (
 
 
 
 
); Ex. 17 (
 
). The Bank should be required to search these 
deeply involved custodians’ documents, given the issues at stake. See, e.g., 
Blankenship, 2021 WL 2345972, at *1-2, 5 (compelling 21 high-level custodians on 
top of 16 agreed-upon custodians); Shenwick, 2018 WL 833085, at *1 (compelling 
CEO on top of 25 agreed-upon custodians); In re Facebook, 2021 WL 10282213 at *3, 
5-6 (compelling CEO and COO on top of the parties’ 72 agreed-upon custodians and 9 
court-ordered additional custodians).   
C. 
Adding the Requested Custodians Is Proportional to the Needs of 
the Case and Not Unduly Burdensome. 
Adding the requested custodians is also proportional to the needs of the case, 
“considering the importance of the issues at stake in the action, the amount in 
controversy, the parties’ relative access to relevant information, the parties’ resources, 
the importance of the discovery in resolving the issues, and whether the burden or 
expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 
26(b)(1); see Oracle Am., Inc. v. Google Inc., 2015 WL 7775243, *1 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 
3, 2015). Each of these factors weighs in Plaintiffs’ favor. 
First, the issues at stake are of paramount importance. The class comprises over 
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100,000 vulnerable Californians who were deprived of their unemployment insurance 
benefits during the height of the pandemic as a result of the Bank’s policies and 
procedures, in violation of their federal and state constitutional, statutory, and common 
law rights. The requested damages are in the hundreds of millions of dollars, even after 
offsetting the amounts the Bank paid pursuant to the June 2021 preliminary injunction 
and July 2022 CFPB/OCC Consent Order.  
Second, the requested discovery is critical to the disputed issues, including the 
Bank’s reasons for implementing its Claim Fraud Filter and its knowledge of the impact 
of these policies on innocent cardholders—issues that directly bear on 
unreasonableness and willfulness and thus on treble and punitive damages.  
Third, the Bank is well-resourced. In 2022, the Bank reported over $94 billion 
in revenue and $3 trillion in consolidated assets, and its CEO’s compensation topped 
$30 million. Chan Decl. ¶¶38-39.  
Finally, only the Bank has access to these documents, and the burden of “having 
to produce relevant emails is low.” Dyson, Inc., 2016 WL 1613489, at *2. The Bank’s 
assertion of burden is not credible, particularly given that (1) the Bank agreed to 24 
Round 1 custodians but has so far only reviewed and produced documents for 20, and 
(2) in the parties’ Round 2 negotiations, the Bank itself offered to add eight new 
custodians. There is no plausible burden-based argument for refusing to include 
Moynihan, Montag, Bessant, and Athanasia along with the other four custodians the 
Bank offered, as the Bank faces no greater burden in collecting and reviewing the 
documents of senior executives than of mid-level managers.  
CONCLUSION 
For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiffs respectfully request that the Court compel 
the Bank to add the eight requested additional ESI custodians, and alternatively request 
that the Court at minimum adopt its tentative ruling from the January 3 IDC compelling 
the Bank to add three senior executive custodians of Plaintiffs’ choosing. 
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Dated:  January 23, 2024 
COTCHETT, PITRE & McCARTHY, LLP 
 
By: /s/ Brian Danitz  
 
 
JOSEPH W. COTCHETT  
BRIAN DANITZ  
KARIN B. SWOPE  
ANDREW F. KIRTLEY 
 
Dated:  January 23, 2024 
ALTSHULER BERZON LLP 
 
By: /s/ Connie K. Chan 
 
 
MICHAEL RUBIN  
STACEY M. LEYTON  
MATTHEW MURRAY  
CONNIE K. CHAN 
 
Co-Lead Counsel for Plaintiffs and the 
Proposed Class 
 
 
 
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DAVID S. CASEY, JR. (SBN 060768) 
dcasey@cglaw.com 
GAYLE M. BLATT (SBN 122048) 
gmb@cglaw.com 
JEREMY ROBINSON (SBN 188325) 
jrobinson@cglaw.com 
P. CAMILLE GUERRA (SBN 326546) 
camille@cglaw.com 
CATHERINE McBAIN (SBN 303911) 
kmcbain@cglaw.com 
CASEY GERRY SCHENK 
FRANCAVILLA BLATT & 
PENFIELD, LLP 
110 Laurel Street 
San Diego, CA 92101 
Telephone: (619) 238-1811 
Fax: (619) 544-9232 
 
Liaison Counsel for Class Plaintiffs  
JOSHUA B. SWIGART (SBN 225557) 
josh@swigartlawgroup.com 
JULIANA G. BLAHA (SBN 331066) 
juliana@swigartlawgroup.com 
SWIGART LAW GROUP, APC 
2221 Camino Del Rio South. Suite 308 
San Diego, CA 92108 
Telephone: (866) 219-3343 
Fax: (866) 219-8344 
 
DANIEL G. SHAY (SBN 250548) 
danielshay@tcpafdcpa.com 
LAW OFFICE OF DANIEL G. SHAY 
2221 Camino Del Rio South, Suite 308 
San Diego, CA 92108 
Telephone: (619) 222-7429 
Fax: (866) 431-3292 
Liaison Counsel for Individual Plaintiffs 
 
 
DANIEL L. WARSHAW (SBN 185365) 
dwarshaw@pswlaw.com 
BOBBY POUYA (SBN 245527) 
bpouya@pswlaw.com 
PEARSON, SIMON & WARSHAW, LLP 
15165 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 400 
Sherman Oaks, CA 91403 
Telephone: (818) 788-8300 
Fax: (818) 788-8104 
 
RAYMOND P. BOUCHER (SBN 115364) 
ray@boucher.la 
BOUCHER LLP 
21600 Oxnard Street, Suite 600 
Woodland Hills, CA 91367 
Telephone: (818) 340-5400 
Fax: (818) 340-5401 
 
Attorneys for Plaintiffs Jonathan Smith, 
Alex Yuan, and the Proposed Class 
 
 
FRANCIS A. BOTTINI, JR. (SBN 175783) 
fbottini@bottinilaw.com 
ANNE B. BESTE (SBN 326881) 
abeste@bottinilaw.com 
ALBERT Y. CHANG (SBN 296065) 
achang@bottinilaw.com 
YURY A. KOLESNIKOV (SBN 271173) 
ykolesnikov@bottinilaw.com 
BOTTINI & BOTTINI, INC. 
7817 Ivanhoe Avenue, Suite 102 
La Jolla, CA 92037 
Telephone: (858) 914-2001 
Fax: (858) 914-2002 
 
Attorneys for Plaintiff Lindsay McClure 
and the Proposed Class 
 
 
 
 
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THOMAS E. FRAYSSE (SBN 104436) 
tef@knoxricksen.com 
MAISIE C. SOKOLOVE (SBN 239665) 
mcs@knoxricksen.com 
AMANDA M. PLOWMAN (SBN 317462) 
amp@knoxricksen.com 
KNOX RICKSEN LLP 
2033 N. Main Street, Suite 340 
Walnut Creek, CA 94596 
Telephone: (925) 433-2500 
Fax: (925) 433-2505 
 
Attorneys for Plaintiff Robert L. Wilson  
and the Proposed Class 
 
 
MARY E. ALEXANDER (SBN 104173) 
malexander@maryalexanderlaw.com 
BRENDAN D.S. WAY (SBN 261705) 
bway@maryalexanderlaw.com 
ARIN R. SCAPA (SBN 283400) 
ascapa@maryalexanderlaw.com 
CATALINA S. MUÑOZ (SBN 317856) 
cmunoz@maryalexanderlaw.com 
MARY ALEXANDER & 
ASSOCIATES, P.C. 
44 Montgomery Street, Suite 1303 
San Francisco, CA 94104 
Telephone: (415) 433-4440 
Fax: (415) 433-5440 
 
Attorneys for Plaintiff Clara Cajas  
and the Proposed Class 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ADAM MCNEILE (SBN 280296) 
adam@kbklegal.com 
KRISTIN KEMNITZER (SBN 278946) 
kristin@kbklegal.com 
KEMNITZER, BARRON & KRIEG, LLP 
42 Miller Avenue, 3rd Floor 
Mill Valley, CA 94941 
Telephone: (415) 632-1900 
Fax: (415) 632-1901 
 
Attorneys for Plaintiffs Roland Oosthuizen, 
Rosemary Mathews, and the Proposed 
Class 
 
 
 
CHRISTOPHER J. HAMNER (SBN 197117) 
chamner@hamnerlaw.com 
EVELINA M. SERAFINI (SBN 187137) 
eserafini@hamnerlaw.com 
HAMNER LAW OFFICES, APLC 
26565 West Agoura Road, Suite 200 
Calabasas, CA 91302 
Telephone: (888) 416-6654 
 
Attorneys for Plaintiffs Jory Zoelle, Cindy 
Baker, Ursula Auburn, and the Proposed 
Class 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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JAMES V. NOLAN (SBN 84239) 
jvnolan@yololaw.com 
ROBERT P. NAKKEN (SBN 77550) 
rnakken@yololaw.com 
DAVID W. JANES (SBN 71334) 
dwjanes@yololaw.com 
GARDNER, JANES, NAKKEN, 
HUGO & NOLAN LAWYERS 
429 First Street 
Woodland, CA 95695 
Telephone: (530) 662-7367 
Fax: (530) 666-9116 
 
Attorneys for Plaintiff Brian Wiggins and 
the Proposed Class 
 
 
 
 
THOMAS MARTIN III (SBN 218456) 
tom@mblawapc.com 
NICHOLAS J. BONTRAGER (SBN 252114) 
nick@mblawapc.com 
MARTIN & BONTRAGER, APC 
4605 Lankershim Blvd., Suite 535 
Toluca Lake, CA 91602 
Telephone: (323) 940-1700 
Fax: (323) 328-8095 
 
Attorneys for Plaintiff Steven Hart 
 
 
BENJAMIN GUBERNICK (SBN 321883) 
ben@gubernicklaw.com 
GUBERNICK LAW, P.L.L.C. 
10720 W. Indian School Rd., Suite 19 
Phoenix, AZ 85037 
Telephone: (734) 678-5169 
 
DAVID N. LAKE (SBN 180775) 
david@lakelawpc.com 
LAW OFFICES OF DAVID N. LAKE 
16130 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 650 
Encino, CA 91436 
Telephone: (818) 788-5100 
Fax: (818) 479-9990 
 
Attorneys for Plaintiffs Julie Hicks, Kuang 
Ting Chong, Stephanie Moore, and the 
Proposed Class 
 
 
ANDRE L. VERDUN (SBN 365436) 
Andre@VerdunLaw.com 
LAW OFFICES OF ANDRE L. VERDUN 
1777 N. Ventura Avenue 
Ventura, CA 93001 
Telephone: (619) 880-0110 
Fax: (866) 786-6993 
 
Attorneys for Plaintiffs Rosa Alvarez, Elana
Martina Rojas de Charolet, and Jessie 
Verdun 
 
 
 
 
 
Case 3:21-md-02992-GPC-MSB     Document 212     Filed 01/23/24     PageID.2171     Page
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Plaintiffs’ Motion to Compel Additional ESI Custodians  
 
 
 
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Case No. 3:21-md-02992-LAB-MSB 
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SIGNATURE CERTIFICATION 
Pursuant to Section 2(f)(4) of this Court’s Electronic Case Filing 
Administrative Policies and Procedures Manual, I, Connie K. Chan, hereby certify 
that the content of this document is acceptable to all the signatories herein and that I 
have obtained counsel’s authorization to affix their electronic signatures to this 
document. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Connie K. Chan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
CONNIE K. CHAN 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Case 3:21-md-02992-GPC-MSB     Document 212     Filed 01/23/24     PageID.2172     Page
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