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Home Court filings Plaid Privacy In re Plaid Inc. Privacy Litigation — N.D. Cal., No. 4:20-cv-03056-DMR Exhibit 2 - Kennedy Declaration — Plaid Privacy (Dkt. 182.2)

Court filing

Exhibit 2 - Kennedy Declaration — Plaid Privacy (Dkt. 182.2)

Filed May 19, 2022 in Plaid Privacy; one of 174 filings from this case.

Record facts

CourtU.S. District Court for the Northern District of California
Filed2022-05-19

U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California · No. 4:20-cv-03056-DMR · Doc. 182-2 · 2022-05-19 · Docket on CourtListener

Full text

EXHIBIT 2 
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DECL OF SHAWN M. KENNEDY ISO MOT. FOR 
ATTORNEYS’ FEES, EXPENSES, AND SERVICE AWARDS 
CASE NO. 4:20-CV-03056-DMR 
 
HERRERA KENNEDY LLP 
Shawn M. Kennedy (SBN 218472) 
skennedy@herrerakennedy.com 
Bret D. Hembd (SBN 272826) 
bhembd@herrerakennedy.com 
4590 MacArthur Blvd., Suite 500 
Newport Beach, CA 92660 
Tel: (949) 936-0900 
Fax: (855) 969-2050 
 
HERRERA KENNEDY LLP 
Nicomedes Sy Herrera (SBN 275332) 
nherrera@herrerakennedy.com 
Laura E. Seidl (SBN 269891) 
lseidl@herrerakennedy.com 
1300 Clay Street, Suite 600 
Oakland, CA 94612 
Tel: (510) 422-4700 
Fax: (855) 969-2050 
 
LIEFF CABRASER HEIMANN & 
BERNSTEIN, LLP 
Rachel Geman (Pro Hac Vice) 
rgeman@lchb.com 
250 Hudson Street, 8th Floor 
New York, NY 10013-1413 
Tel: (212) 355-9500 
Fax: (212) 355-9592 
LIEFF CABRASER HEIMANN &  
BERNSTEIN, LLP 
Michael W. Sobol (SBN 194857) 
msobol@lchb.com 
Melissa Gardner (SBN 289096) 
mgardner@lchb.com 
Michael K. Sheen (SBN 288284) 
msheen@lchb.com 
Nicholas R. Hartmann (SBN 301049) 
nhartmann@lchb.com 
275 Battery Street, 29th Floor 
San Francisco, CA 94111-3339 
Tel: (415) 956-1000 
Fax: (415) 956-1008 
BURNS CHAREST LLP 
Christopher J. Cormier (Pro Hac Vice) 
ccormier@burnscharest.com 
4725 Wisconsin Avenue, NW, Suite 200 
Washington, DC 20016 
Tel: (202) 577-3977 
Fax: (469) 444-5002 
 
 
Co-Lead Class Counsel 
 
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 
OAKLAND DIVISION 
IN RE PLAID INC.  
PRIVACY LITIGATION 
Master Docket No.: 4:20-cv-03056-DMR 
 
DECLARATION OF SHAWN M. 
KENNEDY IN SUPPORT OF 
PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR 
ATTORNEYS’ FEES, 
REIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES, AND 
PLAINTIFF SERVICE AWARDS, AND IN 
RESPONSE TO COURT’S ORDER (DKT. 
177) 
 
THIS DOCUMENT RELATES TO:  
ALL ACTIONS 
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DECL OF SHAWN M. KENNEDY ISO MOT. FOR 
ATTORNEYS’ FEES, EXPENSES, AND SERVICE AWARDS 
CASE NO. 4:20-CV-03056-DMR 
 
I, SHAWN M. KENNEDY, hereby declare as follows: 
1. 
I am a partner of the law firm of Herrera Kennedy LLP, which was appointed Co-
Lead Interim Class Counsel on July 29, 2020 (Dkt. 57) and Co-Lead Class Counsel on November 
19, 2021 (Dkt. 153). I am a member in good standing of the Bar of the State of California and am 
admitted to practice before this Court. I have personal knowledge of the statements contained in 
this declaration. If called to testify, I could and would testify competently to them.  
2. 
I submit this declaration in support of Plaintiffs’ Motion for Attorneys’ Fees, 
Reimbursement of Expenses, and Plaintiff Service Awards. (Dkt. 157) In response to the Court’s 
request for specific supplemental information at the Final Approval Hearing on May 12, 2022 
(see Dkts. 177, 180), this declaration provides support for the hourly rates of all Herrera Kennedy 
timekeepers used in calculating Class Counsel’s lodestar crosscheck as well as additional 
information concerning each timekeeper’s valuable contributions in prosecuting this action.  
HERRERA KENNEDY OVERVIEW 
3. 
Herrera Kennedy LLP (formerly Herrera Purdy LLP) was started in April 2019 to 
pursue complex class actions and qui tam suits having significant public policy implications. 
Because many established class action firms will often file many suits when a potential case is 
reported in the news or disclosed in a government investigation, the firm made a strategic 
decision at the outset to focus on identifying and investigating cases that address serious societal 
injustices, but which otherwise may have remained concealed—just like this case. The types of 
cases on which the firm focuses require legal advocacy at the highest levels, because so many of 
them advance novel claims or legal theories, and because the defendants tend to be among the 
largest and wealthiest companies in the world. 
4. 
One brief example involves one of the firm’s earliest cases (and which was first 
investigated and developed by Nicomedes Sy Herrera): United States ex rel. Silbersher v. Janssen 
Biotech, et al., Civil Action No. 19-12107-KM-ESK (D.N.J.) This case advances a novel yet 
ultimately meritorious legal theory that has the potential to correct a serious problem that we 
submit is responsible for vastly inflating the price of life-saving medicine. Specifically, Herrera 
Kennedy has spearheaded this case to establish the proposition that when brand pharmaceutical 
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DECL OF SHAWN M. KENNEDY ISO MOT. FOR 
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CASE NO. 4:20-CV-03056-DMR 
 
companies obtain patents through fraud on the Patent Office and then use such patents to exclude 
generic competitors, then every single claim for reimbursement from Medicare or Medicaid, and 
all direct government purchases, violates the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3279-33. The State 
of California recently opined that these types of cases that Herrera Kennedy has pioneered are 
important because, if successful, they “may help lower the price of medicine and the cost of 
health insurance.” Janssen, No. 19-12107-KM-ESK, at Dkt. 146, at p. 15 of 49.    
5. 
We raise this background because it provides a useful context for assessing the 
reasonable range of hourly rates for Herrera Kennedy’s attorneys. The firm is relatively new, and 
no Court has had occasion until now to review the partner rates of its attorneys in connection with 
a class action fee petition, although there are cases that have approved the associate rates of Mr. 
Herrera, as further discussed below. What this case—as well as the firm’s other cases, such as 
Janssen, demonstrate—is that Herrera Kennedy investigates, files and litigates substantial, 
complex cases that require a high level of legal acumen and advocacy to successfully prosecute. 
The firm has set its standard rate commensurate with the legal skill and experience demonstrated 
by its partners in pursuing their roster of cases, including this one, as well as by reference to the 
hourly rates set forth in the Laffey matrix, and the rates approved by the courts for their peers. 
Here, that investigatory work and advocacy has resulted in a highly successful outcome for the 
class compared with other large privacy cases. The firm and its co-lead counsel have been able to 
achieve this outcome early in the litigation by dint of the strength of the case as developed and 
positioned through careful investigation and strategic planning.  
6. 
This case was developed and investigated in the first instance by Herrera Kennedy. 
As detailed below, Shawn Kennedy identified and spearheaded the investigation into Plaid’s 
practices by drawing upon his particularized and somewhat unique knowledge and experience as 
a former executive in the financial technology industry. In part because Herrera Kennedy is a 
relatively new and small firm, once it became clear that Plaid’s behavior was actionable, Herrera 
Kennedy reached out to Burns Charest LLP and Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP due to 
their experience successfully litigating privacy and other complex class actions, among other 
reasons, to collaborate on prosecuting this action. The three firms formed a core team to prosecute 
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DECL OF SHAWN M. KENNEDY ISO MOT. FOR 
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CASE NO. 4:20-CV-03056-DMR 
 
the case in an efficient and orderly manner within and among the eventual Co-Lead Counsel firms 
and, if necessary, any additional class counsel firms that filed complaints and became involved in 
the litigation. 
7. 
The firm’s central role in developing this case is reflected in the distribution of 
hours to various tasks set forth in the moving papers. (Dkt. 157-1, at Ex. A.) Of the total 1,944 
hours worked by Herrera Kennedy attorneys at the time the fee motion was filed, 845 of those 
hours (approximately 43% of the total hours) were done prior to the date the Court appointed 
Interim Co-Lead Counsel on July 29, 2020 (Dkt. 57). This underscores the firm’s efficiency and 
dedication to the case.1 Specifically, because Herrera Kennedy’s early work was undertaken 
during the critical development and due diligence stages prior to appointment of lead counsel 
(and some pre-dating the involvement of the other co-lead firms), the Court can be confident the 
work was necessary to ensure this case was diligently investigated prior to filing. Every hour 
spent investigating a case is time that the attorneys could have spent generating income, and 
particularly for a new firm like Herrera Kennedy, such time is precious and carefully managed. 
We respectfully submit that counsels’ work should be viewed in light of the high degree of 
uncertainty of success and remuneration during that time. 
                                                 
1 The distribution of hours to development, discovery, subsequent litigation, and settlement, is 
evidence of the efficiency with which the leadership team worked. For example, I worked over 
523 hours developing this case during prior to appointment of interim lead counsel. This time is 
appropriate for the attorney who was primarily responsible for initiating the case and who had the 
most experience and expertise relating to the factual and technical allegations concerning Plaid’s 
conduct. The hours I spent during this phase constituted over 45% of my total billing of 1,285.70 
hours as of January 27, 2022 (the day before the motion for final approval and for the award of 
attorneys’ fees were filed). (Dkt. 157-1, at Ex. A, page 25 of 68) Similarly, Mr. Herrera billed 257 
hours on the matter (id.)—of which 132 hours (51%) were spent on the investigation and early 
development work prior to the appointment of lead counsel. Most of Mr. Herrera’s remaining 
time focused on settlement negotiations and mediation, including drafting and revising the 
settlement agreement and related papers (43 hours) and working with experts (16 hours), with 
relatively little time spent on discovery (18 hours) or document review (0 hours). This 
demonstrates the efficient allocation of attorney time based on experience and seniority, avoiding 
duplication of work. (Id.) Ms. Seidl billed only 41.3 hours (id.), virtually all of which were 
incurred during the early investigation phase prior to appointment of lead counsel, or during 
settlement negotiations, where her skill and expertise contributed significantly toward securing 
the highest recovery for the class. And as discussed below, Mr. Hembd worked consistently 
throughout the case, first investigating the matter, and then focusing on discrete assignments such 
as researching and drafting discrete portions of important documents, including the complaint, 
opposition to the motion to dismiss, and the motions for preliminary and final settlement 
approval. As of January 27, 2022, Mr. Hembd had billed 300.8 hours. Id. 
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DECL OF SHAWN M. KENNEDY ISO MOT. FOR 
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CASE NO. 4:20-CV-03056-DMR 
 
HERRERA KENNEDY TIMEKEEPERS 
Shawn M. Kennedy  
Background 
8. 
I received my JD in 2001 from Duke University School of Law. I have 21 years of 
experience as a lawyer and have handled numerous class actions and other complex litigation 
matters. I began my career in 2001 at the then-largest international firm focused on litigation, 
Howrey LLP. I then practiced at Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, where I was nominated for 
partnership before choosing to start a legal technology company. At Howrey and Morgan Lewis, 
my practice focused on hourly defense work, although I occasionally worked on plaintiff-side 
contingency matters. I was selected as a “Rising Star” by Super Lawyers and was selected as 
Attorney of the Year by the Public Law Center. 
9. 
Prior to joining Herrera Kennedy, I also co-founded a technology company in the 
financial industry. In my role as a technology company executive, I gained extensive experience 
and substantive knowledge regarding cloud-based technology; software development; security 
and privacy; and data storage and analytics. 
10. 
In 2019, I joined my partners in our current firm (then known as Herrera Purdy 
LLP, the firm was renamed Herrera Kennedy LLP at the end of 2020). At Herrera Kennedy, I 
continue to focus on high-stakes class actions and complex litigation matters, with a much heavier 
emphasis on plaintiff-side contingency matters such as this action. 
Investigation of Plaid 
11. 
This action did not result from the release of a public statement by Plaid, a news 
report, announcement of a governmental investigation, or a whistleblower lawsuit, by way of 
example. Rather, the genesis of this action was my initial discovery of the privacy breaches 
alleged in this action in early 2020, followed by months of personal investigation and research. 
12. 
In initially discovering Plaid’s wrongful conduct, I drew upon my background as a 
technology company executive, particularly as the founder of companies in the legal and financial 
industries. That experience and knowledge allowed me to uncover, investigate, and analyze 
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DECL OF SHAWN M. KENNEDY ISO MOT. FOR 
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CASE NO. 4:20-CV-03056-DMR 
 
Plaid’s wrongful conduct, including the company’s practices relating to the collection of 
consumer login information and the misuse of consumer data. 
13. 
During my investigation of Plaid, I tracked down and gathered information from 
numerous (hard to find or look) for sources, such as historic web pages, videos from conferences 
and industry events, podcasts, government reports and submissions, company marketing 
materials, blog posts, news articles, and software developer message board posts. In the process, I 
located and reviewed many hundreds of posts, articles, and other sources. 
14. 
I ultimately was able to piece together information showing how Plaid’s business 
practices evolved to focus on the direct collection of sensitive bank login information through the 
use of login screens that spoofed bank login screens. I also uncovered Plaid’s collection of 
massive amounts of sensitive banking data from tens of millions of consumers that was neither 
properly disclosed to consumers nor tied to the underlying apps’ use of consumers’ data. 
15. 
In analyzing potential claims against Plaid, I drew upon both my technology 
expertise and my years of experience litigating high-stakes consumer class actions. Among other 
things, I researched potential claims under various federal and state computer privacy laws based 
on how Plaid’s software worked and the type of data Plaid collected. This research and analysis— 
which took place over the course of multiple months between January and April 2020—was 
intensive and largely non-delegable.  
16. 
As my research and analysis unfolded, I initially brought in my partners at Herrera 
Kennedy to assist with analyzing the potential for a consumer class action against Plaid. Once we 
determined that the facts and law supported classwide claims for Plaid’s privacy violations, I and 
my partners sought out experienced and qualified co-counsel to mount what we were sure would 
be a well-funded and vigorous defense from Plaid. With the involvement of Lieff Cabraser and 
Burns Charest, we were confident that our team would have the resources and expertise to litigate 
this case to a successful conclusion on behalf of a nationwide class. 
17. 
To get a fuller understanding of how Plaid’s software worked, our team engaged 
an expert to analyze various aspects of Plaid’s software, including the nature of the software 
templates provided to Plaid clients and the security involved in transmitting login information 
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DECL OF SHAWN M. KENNEDY ISO MOT. FOR 
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through the Plaid Link product. Drawing upon my software and data expertise, I also served as  
part of the core team that worked with our data forensics expert. 
18. 
All of this work ultimately led to the initial complaint that was filed on May 4, 
2020 in Cottle et al. v. Plaid Inc., No. 4:20-cv-03056-DMR. The lengthy complaint not only went 
into great detail revealing Plaid’s business practices and privacy violations, but it also included 
citations to statements from Plaid’s executives in public and private forums, among other sources. 
(Dkt. 1.) 
19. 
I spent 470 hours investigating, researching, and working with co-counsel to 
prepare the initial complaint against Plaid between late January and early May 2020. Though 
these hours are substantial, they laid a solid foundation for the successful prosecution and 
settlement of this action. 
Role In Post-Investigation Litigation  
20. 
As this case proceeded, I served alongside Rachel Geman and Chris Cormier as 
one of the three members of the core case leadership team. I was the point person to manage 
Herrera Kennedy attorneys’ work on the case. I also worked with Ms. Geman and Mr. Cormier to 
more broadly manage all aspects of the case and involve and supervise appropriate people from 
each firm for various necessary tasks.  
21. 
Throughout the litigation, I drew on my deep knowledge of the facts and my 
familiarity with Plaid’s technology to help guide case strategy, identify information and 
documents necessary to obtain in formal and informal discovery, and ensure the settlement 
included meaningful injunctive relief tailored to Plaid’s business practices that would effectively 
address the serious privacy violations I first uncovered.  
Nicomedes Sy Herrera 
Background 
22. 
Nicomedes Sy Herrera is a founding partner of Herrera Kennedy with 25 years’ 
experience handling complex commercial litigation, class actions, derivative suits, and qui tams. 
After graduating with honors (Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar) at Columbia Law School in 1997, Mr. 
Herrera practiced on the defense-side at Torys LLP and Lowenstein Sandler LLP in New York 
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DECL OF SHAWN M. KENNEDY ISO MOT. FOR 
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City, before serving as General Counsel for a group of affiliated financial services firms and 
ultimately returning to litigation on the plaintiffs’ side. Since founding Herrera Kennedy LLP in 
2019, Mr. Herrera has been selected as a Super Lawyer® and a Top 100 civil plaintiffs’ attorney 
in California by The National Trial Lawyers.  
Role In Plaid Action 
23. 
Mr. Herrera’s role in this case focused on early development and investigation of 
this case as well as laying out a broad strategic litigation plan. Mr. Herrera researched and drafted 
specific sections of plaintiffs’ brief opposing Plaid’s motion to dismiss that the leadership team 
allocated to him. He then played a larger role during mediation and settlement of this case. Mr. 
Herrera billed 257 hours on the matter—of which 132 hours (51%) were spent on the 
investigation and early development work prior to the appointment of lead counsel. Most of Mr. 
Herrera’s remaining time focused on settlement negotiations and mediation (43 hours), working 
with experts (16 hours), with relatively little time spent on discovery (18 hours) or document 
review (0 hours), which demonstrates efficient allocation of attorney time based on experience 
and seniority, avoiding duplication of work.  
Bret D. Hembd 
Background 
24. 
Mr. Hembd is a partner at Herrera Kennedy. He received his JD from Yale Law 
School in 2010, where he served as an Editor of The Yale Law Journal. Upon graduating from 
law school, Mr. Hembd joined Irell & Manella LLP, where he was an associate practicing 
commercial and intellectual property litigation from 2010 to 2014. Mr. Hembd then practiced at a 
Southern California litigation boutique, first as an associate and then as counsel, from 2014 to 
2018. In 2019, Mr. Hembd joined Herrera Kennedy as of counsel; he became a partner of the firm 
in 2020. 
25. 
In his 12 years of practice, Mr. Hembd has played a key role on a variety of 
complex litigation matters, including the successful defense of a putative nationwide class action 
alleging violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act. Prescott v. HireRight Sols., No. 
CV1308953MWFPLAX, 2015 WL 11347593, at *9 (C.D. Cal. June 11, 2015), aff'd sub nom. 
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Prescott v. Am. Auto. Ass’n, 676 F. App’x 643 (9th Cir. 2017). Mr. Hembd also has significant 
experience representing clients in matters that, like this case, involve complex technological 
issues, including the defense of five engineers employed by SpaceX in a high-profile dispute 
involving trade secret allegations (Broadcom Corp. v. Space Exploration Technologies Corp. et 
al., Orange County Superior Court Case No. 30-2016-00842373-CU-OE-CJC), and the 
representation of an insurance and financial services company in a patent infringement action 
involving sophisticated risk-management software used in analyzing and predicting catastrophic 
weather events (Aon Benfield Global, Inc. et al v. Guy Carpenter & Company, LLC, 1:11-cv-
03529 (S.D.N.Y.)). At Herrera Kennedy, Mr. Hembd, in addition to his class action and business 
litigation work, is a key member of the firm’s False Claims Act practice, in which the firm 
represents, among others, a whistleblower seeking recovery of billions of dollars in overcharges 
to the government for blockbuster pharmaceuticals based on the use of fraudulently-obtained 
patents. Mr. Hembd has been selected as a Southern California Super Lawyers “Rising Star” each 
year from 2017 to 2021. 
Role In Plaid Action 
26. 
Mr. Hembd’s work on this case included, at the outset, working closely with me on 
the firm’s in-depth factual investigation into the conduct underlying this case and the legal 
research into the various theories supporting Plaintiffs’ potential claims. Mr. Hembd’s work also 
included researching, drafting, and revising portions of significant filings, including the 
complaint, the opposition to the motion to dismiss, and the motions for preliminary and final 
settlement approval. In particular, Mr. Hembd took a primary role in coordinating the revision, 
finalization, and filing of the preliminary approval motion and supporting papers. Mr. Hembd 
also assisted in the research and drafting of Plaintiffs’ mediation brief. He attended and 
participated in the settlement discussions that resulted in the proposed settlement. Mr. Hembd has 
also served as Herrera Kennedy’s primary point of contact in responding to class member 
inquiries directed to the firm regarding the proposed settlement. 
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DECL OF SHAWN M. KENNEDY ISO MOT. FOR 
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Laura E. Seidl 
Background 
27. 
Laura E. Seidl is a founding partner of Herrera Kennedy with thirteen years’ 
experience as a plaintiff’s attorney. After graduating from New York Law School in 2008, Ms. 
Seidl worked at Cohen Milstein Seller & Toll PLLC’s New York City office litigating derivative 
class actions. Thereafter, she sought to make an impact on the Bay Area housing crisis and 
litigated complex multi-unit cases where landlord misconduct caused debilitating personal injury 
to tenants or resulted in disparate, discriminatory impact in housing. In 2019, she co-founded 
Herrera Kennedy and returned to working on class action cases. Ms. Seidl is a particularly 
talented negotiator during mediation and settlement discussions and participated substantively in 
the lengthy mediation and settlement of this action, including providing strategic insight into 
negotiations with the many insurance companies involved in this matter. 
Role In Plaid Action 
28. 
In this case, Ms. Seidl’s time was limited to 41.3 hours, the vast majority of which 
is concentrated at the beginning and end of this case. Ms. Seidl’s contribution was focused on 
strategy with negotiating a settlement through mediation because of her skill and experience 
negotiating in cases with complex relationships between multiple insurance companies and 
defendants. Her input was valuable to the class to help achieve the highest possible settlement 
amount. Ms. Seidl did not participate in drafting motions or discovery because those tasks were 
already sufficiently staffed. As a founding partner of Herrera Kennedy, Ms. Seidl was also 
involved in the initial investigation of the case to assess the viability of the proposed claims. 
HERRERA KENNEDY HOURLY RATES 
29. 
As discussed in the original joint declaration in support of Plaintiffs’ motion for 
attorneys’ fees (Dkt. 157-1), Herrera Kennedy’s customary rates were used for purposes of 
calculating Herrera Kennedy’s lodestar. In light of the Court’s comments at the final approval 
hearing, further research by counsel, and the hourly rates of Herrera Kennedy’s co-counsel in this 
action, Herrera Kennedy submits that the Court should consider and apply the following rates for 
purposes of the lodestar cross-check: 
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DECL OF SHAWN M. KENNEDY ISO MOT. FOR 
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30. 
Nicomedes Sy Herrera. Mr. Herrera’s standard rate of $975 per hour as the 
founding partner of Herrera Kennedy LLP is within the range of reasonable hourly rates from 
attorneys with similar experience and background. Unlike many plaintiffs’ firms, Herrera 
Kennedy LP has a modest number of corporate clients that pay by the hour; and during the past 
year, Mr. Herrera’s most recent corporate client paid him an hourly rate of $875 per hour, which 
the client acknowledged was a $100 discount from Mr. Herrera’s standard rate of $975, and 
which the client agreed make up by paying the amount discounted from any recovery, plus a 
success bonus.2 The rate a client pays is “a sufficient test of reasonableness.” U.S. ex rel. ATC 
Distribution Grp., Inc. v. Ready-Built Transmissions, Inc., No. 03 CIV2150GWG, 2007 WL 
2522638, at *3 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 7, 2007) (internal citation omitted). In ATC, the Court awarded 
Mr. Herrera’s fees for work performed as an associate from 15 to 19 years ago—from 2003 to 
2006—at the rate of $325 to $370 an hour, which was at the top range of commercial billable 
rates for associates at that level during that time. Id. at *8. 
31. 
While no Court has yet had an opportunity consider Mr. Herrera’s hourly rate as a 
partner in a class action, Mr. Herrera’s standard rate is within the “range of reasonableness 
required to use the lodestar figure as a cross check.” Moreno v. Cap. Bldg. Maint. & Cleaning 
Servs., Inc., No. 19-CV-07087-DMR, 2021 WL 4133860, at *6 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 10, 2021). It 
compares favorably to the hourly rates awarded to partners having comparable skill and 
experience. In addition to the hourly rates of the partners in the co-lead firms who have 
approximately his years of experience or slightly less (between $850 to $950 per hour for co-lead 
partners having 20 to 25 years of experience, see Dkt. 157-1, at Exs. B & C), Mr. Herrera’s rate 
(as a 1997 Columbia Law graduate) also compares favorably to rates previously approved by this 
Court for partners in the Bay Area with similar experience. See, e.g., Carlotti v. Asus Comput. 
Int’l, No. 18-CV-03369-DMR, 2020 WL 3414653, at *5 (N.D. Cal. June 22, 2020) (approving 
                                                 
2 For the purposes of clarity, after the client’s original litigation budget had been exceeded, 
Herrera Kennedy continued working on the matter on contingency, with the client agreeing to pay 
back counsel’s full hourly rate of $975 per hour, plus a success fee. At the end, Herrera 
Kennedy’s compensation for the matter exceeded counsel’s standard hourly rate. This supports 
the fact that Herrera Kennedy’s standard rates have been billed to and paid for by its clients. 
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partner rates between $950 per hour [for partner who was a 2008 NYU graduate] to $1,025 per 
hour [for partner who was 1998 HLS graduate]). Mr. Herrera’s rate is also supported by the 
Laffey matrix (http://www.laffeymatrix.com), which indicates a $914 hourly rate between June 
2020 and May 2021 for an attorney out of law school for more than 20 years in the Washington, 
D.C. market. See also Carlotti, 2020 WL 3414653, at *5 (applying Laffey matrix and noting 
another court observed that the Laffey rate may fall below reasonable billing rates in the Bay 
Area). The 2021 Real Rates Report for Associate and Partner Report discussed below in ¶ 40 
confirms that litigation partners in the Third Quartile in San Francisco charge on average $961 
per hour. See Ex. A. 
32. 
The most recent cases addressing Mr. Herrera’s hourly rates for lodestar 
calculation awarded the requested associate rate of between $625 to $635 an hour for work 
performed by Mr. Herrera in 2017-2018, which we suggest is consistent with Mr. Herrera’s rate 
as a founding partner three years later at $975. In In re Capacitors, No. 14-cv-03264 (N.D. Cal.), 
Mr. Herrera was the senior associate for the lead firm in the antitrust class action. The Court 
approved the firm’s requested rate of $625 for Mr. Herrera as an associate, compared with rates 
of $1,000 for the firm’s two partners. See id. at Dkt. 2285-2, at Ex. 1, page 2 of 5 (showing Mr. 
Herrera’s associate rate of $625); Dkt. 2483 (report and recommendation to approve requested 
rates); and Dkt. 2490 (approving rates). In In re HP Printer Firmware Update Litig., No. 5:16-cv- 
05820-EJD (N.D. Cal.), plaintiffs’ class counsel requested Mr. Herrera’s fees as an associate at 
$635 per hour (Dkt. 122, Ex. A), which the Court found to be a reasonable hourly associate rate 
(Dkt. 146, at 5) Counsel notes that a prior citation in our moving papers to In re Restasis Antitrust 
Litig., No. 18-MD-2819 (NG) (LB), 2020 WL 6193857, at *5–6 (E.D.N.Y. Oct. 6, 2020), was 
made in error. While Mr. Herrera’s associate rate was also $625-$635 in that case, the court has 
not yet considered or approved a fee motion from the indirect purchaser class that Mr. Herrera 
represented. Counsel apologizes for the mistaken citation. 
33. 
In comparing the $635 associate rate for work performed four years ago with Mr. 
Herrera’s current $975 rate as a founding partner, the Court may note that the difference in rates 
is broadly consistent with the spread between partner versus associate rates awarded in 
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Capacitors. For example, the difference between the lowest partner rate and the highest associate 
rates was $350 for the lead firm. See Dkt. 2285-2, at Ex. A, page 2 of 5. Similarly situated 
partners at non-lead class counsel firms also charged and were approved hourly rates comparable 
with Mr. Herrera’s current rate, e.g., Dkt. 2285-4 ($945 for a 1993 HLS graduate) and 2285-5 
($1,000 for San Francisco-based founding partner). Finally, the 2021 Real Rates Report 
demonstrates that the average rate gap between litigation partners and associates in San Francisco 
is $333 dollars ($961 for partners minus $628 for associates). See Ex. A. 
34. 
The difference in Mr. Herrera’s hourly rates when he moved from an associate in 
an established firm to the founding partner of a new firm that, within a short period of time, has 
demonstrated success in developing and prosecuting large class action cases, is reasonable. The 
judges in this District have recognized the importance of encouraging greater equity for 
leadership in class action cases, particularly for attorneys whose backgrounds have traditionally 
been under-represented in large class cases. Such attorneys may often be underpaid or under-
recognized within established firms, where they may not be fairly promoted to equity partnership. 
When they leave to start their own firms and gain success within a relatively short period of time, 
the courts should avoid imposing the same inequitable structures that caused such attorneys to 
start their own firms in the first place.  
35. 
Shawn M. Kennedy. My standard rate for this and other complex class actions 
and qui tams pursued by Herrera Kennedy is $950 per hour, which compares favorably to the 
$914-$919 hourly rate suggested by the Laffey matrix (unadjusted for higher rates in California), 
as well as similar rates approved by the Courts in this district. See, e.g., Carlotti, 2020 WL 
3414653, at *5 (finding reasonable hourly rates for 2020 of $1,050 for a 1998 law school 
graduate and partner of the firm; and $900 for a 2003 graduate and Of Counsel). And the 2021 
Real Rates Report for Associate and Partner Report discussed below in ¶ 40 confirms that 
litigation partners in the Third Quartile in San Francisco charge on average $961 per hour. See 
Ex. A. 
36. 
Another useful benchmark demonstrating the reasonableness of my hourly rate is 
the rate that I would be charging as a mid-level partner at Morgan Lewis had I chosen to stay with 
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the firm. As a partner at one of the largest firms in the world, my hourly rate would certainly be in 
excess of $950 per hour. 
37. 
Andrew Purdy. Andrew Purdy is a 2002 graduate of American University, 
Washington College of Law, where he was an editor of the American University Law Review. He 
has over 20 years of experience litigating complex commercial litigation and class actions. I have 
been informed by Mr. Purdy and believe that he began his legal career in the litigation 
departments of large international firms (Latham & Watkins, Orrick, Morgan Lewis), and later 
honed his skills by practicing at Joseph Saveri Law Firm, a San Francisco-based plaintiff-side 
litigation boutique. Prior to joining Brown, Neri, Smith & Khan LLP in early 2022, Mr. Purdy 
was a founder and co-managing partner of Herrera Kennedy LLP’s predecessor firm, Herrera 
Purdy LLP. I have been informed by Mr. Purdy and believe that during Mr. Purdy’s tenure at 
several AmLaw Top 100 firms between 2002 and 2014, his hourly rates that were billed to and 
paid by clients ranged from $400 in the early years to nearly $800 in 2014. While at Herrera 
Kennedy, Mr. Purdy’s standard hourly rate was $950 an hour. Although Mr. Purdy (2002 
American University Law graduate) has five years less experience than Mr. Herrera (a Columbia 
Law 1997 graduate), Mr. Purdy was a contemporary of Mr. Cormier at American University Law 
(a 2002 American University Law magna cum laude graduate), and both of their standard hourly 
rates are $950 an hour, which are reasonable. (Dkt. 157-1, at Exs. A & C; see also Dkt. 157-1, at 
¶ 74 (explaining the reasonability of Mr. Cormier’s rate)) For this and the reasons set forth above 
relating to Messrs. Herrera and Kennedy, Mr. Purdy’s standard rate of $950 is reasonable. Mr. 
Purdy left shortly after this case was investigated and filed. He contributed 59.5 hours to Herrera 
Kennedy’s lodestar, virtually all of it investigating this case and revising the complaint.  
38. 
Bret D. Hembd. Mr. Hembd’s standard rate for this and other complex class 
actions and qui tams pursued by Herrera Kennedy is $825 an hour, which compares favorably to 
the $759 suggested by the Laffey matrix as well as similar rates approved by the Courts in this 
district, including in Carlotti, 2020 WL 3414653, at *5. Nevertheless, after careful review of the 
range of rates approved in similar cases in the Northern District of California, the rates charged 
by attorneys in the Bay Area as reflected in hourly rate survey data, and the rates requested for 
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lawyers at the co-lead counsel firms with similar qualifications and experience, for the purposes 
of calculating a lodestar cross-check, Herrera Kennedy requests that the Court assess the lodestar 
in this case using a rate for Mr. Hembd of $625 per hour, which is well within the range of 
reasonableness as set forth below. 
39. 
First, in recent years, this Court has approved rates for litigation partners with 
roughly similar qualifications and years of experience commonly ranging from around $600-$700 
to as high as $950 per hour. See, e.g., Carlotti, 18-CV-03369-DMR, 2020 WL 3414653, at *5 
(N.D. Cal. June 22, 2020) (see also Carlotti Dkt. Nos. 61 at 14, 80 at 4) (finding reasonable 
hourly rates for 2020 of $950 for Ms. McCrary, a 2008 law school graduate; $850 for Mr. Raab, a 
2005 graduate; and $750 for Ms. Geel, a 2009 graduate); see also, e.g., Perez v. Rash Curtis & 
Assocs., No. 4:16-CV-03396-YGR, 2020 WL 1904533, at *20 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 17, 2020) and 
Perez Dkt. No. 424 at 5 (finding reasonable a blended hourly rate of $634.48, based in part on an 
hourly rate for 2020 of $650 for Ms. Westcot, a 2009 law school graduate, and $550 for Mr. 
Krivoshey, a 2013 graduate); Nevarez v. Forty Niners Football Co., LLC, N.D. Cal. No. 5:16-cv-
07013-LHK(SVK), 474 F. Supp. 3d 1041, 1050 (N.D. Cal. 2020) and Nevarez Dkt. Nos. 408, 
408-1 (finding reasonable a 2019 hourly rate of $680 for Mr. Close, a 2015 law school graduate, 
and $625 for Mr. Bonner, a 2014 law school graduate); Rodriguez v. Nike Retail Servs., Inc., No. 
14-CV-01508-BLF, 2022 WL 254349, at *6 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 27, 2022) and Rodriguez Dkt. No. 
158-7 (finding reasonable a 2021 hourly rate of $650 for Mr. Rosenthal, a 2009 law school 
graduate) (see also Rosenthal Decl., Dkt. No. 158-7, at 4 (noting that a billing rate of $650 per 
hour is “typical of attorneys in the Los Angeles community who have been practicing for 11 
years”)); Atkinson v. Minted, Inc., No. 3:20-CV-03869-VC, 2021 WL 6028374, at *4 (N.D. Cal. 
Dec. 17, 2021) and Atkinson Dkt. Nos. 57-5, 57-6 (finding reasonable a rate of $650 per hour for 
Ms. Serino, a 2012 law school graduate). 
40. 
Second, relevant hourly rate surveys also support a rate at least $625 or more per 
hour for Mr. Hembd for purposes of the lodestar cross-check. Specifically, the Real Rate Report, 
published by Wolters Kluwer, provides empirical data regarding attorney hourly rates in various 
markets across the country, including the San Francisco Bay Area. District courts within the 
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Ninth Circuit have relied on the Real Rate Report as a useful source of information for evaluating 
attorneys’ requested rates. See, e.g., Kries v. City of San Diego, No. 17-CV-1464-GPC-BGS, 
2021 WL 120830, at *7 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 13, 2021) (“The Real Rate Report, an analysis of law firm 
rates based on invoice data published by Wolters Kluwer that breaks down rates by location, 
experience, firm size, practice area, industry, and role, has been cited with approval by courts 
inside and outside this district.”); see also id. (finding the Real Rate Report “helpful to the 
Court’s analysis” of reasonable hourly rates, “particularly” for attorneys whose rates are not 
“supported with significant evidence of past fee awards in comparable cases”); RG Abrams Ins. v. 
L. Offs. of C.R. Abrams, No. 221CV00194FLAMAAX, 2022 WL 422824, at *24 n.13 (C.D. Cal. 
Jan. 19, 2022) (“The information provided by the Real Rate Report is persuasive because . . . it 
reflects actual legal billing through paid and processed invoices disaggregated for location, 
experience, firm size, areas of expertise, industry, and practice areas.”) 
41. 
The 2021 Real Rate Report reflects data gathered from over one hundred San 
Francisco area litigation partners. The “High Level Data Cuts” section at page 22 of the Report, 
attached hereto as Exhibit A, supports an hourly rate of at least $625 for Mr. Hembd. 
Specifically, page 22 describes the 2021 rates charged by 150 law firm partners who practiced 
litigation in San Francisco. For that category, the 2021 median hourly rate for the surveyed 
partners was $663, the third quartile rate was $961, and the mean was $704. The requested rate 
for Mr. Hembd is below each of those published rates.  
42. 
Finally, the requested rate for Mr. Hembd is also in line with the rates requested 
for lawyers at the co-lead counsel firms with comparable backgrounds and years in practice. See 
Dkt. 157-1 at 16 and Ex. B (requesting an hourly rate of $610 for Ms. Gardner, a 2011 law school 
graduate, and an hourly rate of $555 for Mr. Sheen, a 2012 law school graduate); see also id. at 
Ex. C (requesting an hourly rate of $600 for Mr. Herman, a 2012 law school graduate). 
43. 
Laura Seidl. The same analysis applied for Mr. Hembd also applies to Ms. Seidl, 
who is one of the founding partners of the firm, and who as a 2008 graduate of New York Law 
School, has two additional years of experience. Solely for the purposes of demonstrating a 
lodestar crosscheck, even if we were to reduce Ms. Seidl’s time by $150 an hour to $675, the 
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effect on the lodestar multiplier is minimal because of her 41.3 hours submitted. Essentially, the 
effect on the lodestar multiplier is a negligible 0.004659. Where, as here, a lodestar is “merely 
being used as a cross-check, the court may use a rough calculation of the lodestar.” Moreno, 2021 
WL 4133860, at *6 (quoting Joh v. Am. Income Life Ins. Co., No. 18-cv-06364-TSH, 2021 WL 
66305, at *7 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 7, 2021)). Ms. Seidl’s standard hourly rate of $825 is consistent with 
her role as a founding partner of the firm and in line with what the courts in this district have 
awarded for other partners having the same years of experience. See, e.g., Carlotti Dkt. Nos. 61 at 
14, 80 at 4 (finding reasonable hourly rates for 2020 of $950 for a 2008 law school graduate); 
Laffey matrix ($759 for lower DC market); and 2021 Real Rate Report ($961 for third quartile 
litigation partner). 
* 
* 
* 
44. 
At the originally requested hourly rates, Class Counsel’s request for the 
benchmark 25% of the Settlement represented a 3.29 multiplier (before the additional work done). 
(Dkt. 157, at page 8 of 27) After recalculating Herrera Kennedy’s lodestar contribution—solely 
for the purpose of demonstrating a lodestar crosscheck—to reduce Ms. Seidl’s time to $675 per 
hour and Mr. Hembd’s to $625 per hour, the lodestar decreases by a total of $66,355. And, for 
illustration, even subtracting both that total and the lodestar for Ms. Elmasry from Lieff Cabraser, 
the multiplier would increase only to 3.36. This is still well within the range of acceptable 
multipliers. See Dkt. 157 at 16 (citing cases with much higher lodestar multipliers). 
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct as to all matters of 
which I have personal knowledge. Executed this 19th day of May, 2022, in Rancho Santa 
Margarita, California. 
 
     /s/ Shawn M. Kennedy 
 
          Shawn M. Kennedy 
 
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EXHIBIT A 
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When you have to be right
2021 Real 
Rate Report® 
The Industry’s
Leading Analysis
of Law Firm Rates, 
Trends, and Practices
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2021 Real Rate Report
•	 Examines law firm rates over time
•	 Identifies rates by location, experience, firm size, areas of expertise, industry, and    
timekeeper role (i.e., partner, associate, and paralegal)
•	 Itemizes variables that drive rates up or down
All the analyses included in the report derive from the actual rates charged by law firm 
professionals as recorded on invoices submitted and approved for payment. 
Examining real, approved rate information, along with the ranges of those rates and their 
changes over time, highlights the role these variables play in driving aggregate legal cost and 
income. The analyses can energize questions for both corporate clients and law firm principals. 
Clients might ask whether they are paying the right amount for different types of legal services, 
while law firm principals might ask whether they are charging the right amount for legal 
services and whether to modify their pricing approach.
Some key factors¹ that drive rates²:
Attorney location - Lawyers in urban and major metropolitan areas tend to charge more when 
compared with lawyers in rural areas or small towns.
Litigation complexity - The cost of representation will be higher if the case is particularly 
complex or time-consuming; for example, if there are a large number of documents to review, 
many witnesses to depose, and numerous procedural steps, the case is likely to cost more 
(regardless of other factors like the lawyer’s level of experience).
Years of experience and reputation - A more experienced, higher-profile lawyer is often going 
to charge more, but absorbing this higher cost at the outset may make more sense than hiring 
a less expensive lawyer who will likely take time and billable hours to come up to speed on 
unfamiliar legal and procedural issues.
Overhead - The costs associated with the firm’s support network (paralegals, clerks, and 
assistants), document preparation, consultants, research, and other expenses.
Firm size – The rates can increase if the firm is large and has various timekeeper roles at the 
firm. For example, the cost to work with an associate or partner at a larger firm will be higher 
compared to a firm that has one to two associates and a paralegal.  
Rates increase in geographic areas with growing population 
Additional analysis was performed to examine the impact of geographic location on law firm 
hourly rates. This report, like previous ones, shows that large, cosmopolitan legal services 
markets like New York City, San Francisco, and Los Angeles are associated with higher hourly 
rates. In addition, our analysis reveals a significant spike in hourly rates in areas of the country 
Report Use Considerations
1	 David Goguen, J.D., University of San Francisco School of Law (2020) Guide to Legal Services Billing Retrieved from:  
https://www.lawyers.com/legal-info/research/guide-to-legal-services-billing-rates.html
2 	Source:  2018 RRR. Factor order validated in multiple analyses since 2010
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that are currently experiencing high population growth. Significant average rate increases 
occurred from 2020 to 2021 in many areas, but especially Fresno, California (~15% average 
rate increase), Greenville, SC (~18%), Miami, FL (~9%), Nashville, TN (~11%), Oklahoma City 
(~13%), Phoenix, AZ (~10%), and Seattle, WA (~11%) -- all of which have experienced much 
higher than average population growth in recent years.
The correlation between hourly rates and population growth makes sense. When people 
and businesses move into an area, it creates a spike in demand for all sorts of goods and 
services, including legal services. However, it is hard for the supply of legal services to 
move as quickly as demand because attorneys looking to move into a new geographic area 
face high switching costs that most will refuse to pay unless they absolutely have to.
First, attorneys looking to take work in a new state have to get licensed there, which takes 
time and effort and is a distraction that can reduce their current income in the form of 
the number of hours they are able to bill to clients. Second, despite the rise in remote 
working, many attorneys looking to establish practices in a new geographic location may 
have to establish at least some physical presence there, find a new office, new lodging, 
and potentially uproot their entire family. Third, even if the switching costs of licensure, 
physically moving, etc. are paid, attorneys may fear yet another switching cost in the form 
of attrition of their existing clients from their original geographic locale, who may view 
them as no longer investing in their knowledge of the legal problems and legal solutions 
that are specific to the original locale.
Report Use Considerations
3 	Source:  2020 RRR. Factor order validated in multiple analyses since 2010
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City
Matter Type
Role
n
First
Quartile
Median
Third
Quartile
2021
2020
2019
San Diego CA
Litigation
Associate
Non-Litigation
Partner
Associate
San Francisco CA
Litigation
Partner
Associate
Non-Litigation
Partner
Associate
San Jose CA
Litigation
Partner
Associate
Non-Litigation
Partner
Associate
San Juan PR
Non-Litigation
Partner
Seattle WA
Litigation
Partner
Associate
Non-Litigation
Partner
Associate
$268
$257
$254
$325
$175
$150
19
$354
$655
$343
$660
$395
$670
$516
$1,019
$325
$523
$226
$325
60
96
$451
$667
$471
$703
$486
$704
$628
$961
$415
$663
$314
$392
108
150
$485
$721
$536
$753
$539
$730
$730
$942
$465
$669
$345
$468
145
223
$471
$796
$542
$880
$587
$876
$745
$1,056
$550
$867
$435
$600
27
40
$570
$803
$575
$910
$622
$918
$865
$1,165
$515
$795
$370
$618
38
61
$260
$262
$260
$294
$250
$215
13
$405
$498
$410
$506
$476
$596
$535
$741
$507
$535
$370
$436
67
91
$381
$523
$389
$553
$411
$547
$504
$697
$366
$505
$300
$406
117
150
Trend Analysis - Mean
2021 - Real Rates for Associate and Partner
Section I: High-Level Data Cuts
Cities
By Matter Type
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2021 Real Rate Report
Appendix:  
Data Methodology
All data and analysis based on data 
collected thru Q3 2021
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Invoice Information
Non-Invoice Information
Appendix: Data Methodology
Data in Wolters Kluwer’s ELM Solutions’ reference 
database and in the 2020 Mid-Year Real Rate 
Report were taken from invoice line item entries 
contained in invoices received and approved by 
participating companies.
Invoice data were received in the Legal Electronic 
Data Exchange Standard (LEDES) format (LEDES.
org). The following information was extracted 
from those invoices and their line items:
•	 Law firm (which exists as a random number in 
the ELM Solutions reference database)
•	 Timekeeper ID (which exists as a random 
number in the ELM Solutions reference 
database)
•	 Matter ID (which exists as a random number in 
the ELM Solutions reference database)
•	 Timekeeper’s position (role) within the law firm 
(partner, associate, paralegal, etc.)
•	 Uniform Task-Based Management System Code 
Set, Task Codes, and Activity Codes (UTBMS.com)
•	 Date of service
•	 Hours billed
•	 Hourly rate billed
•	 Fees billed
 
To capture practice area details, the matter ID 
within each invoice was associated with matter 
profiles containing areas of work in the systems 
of each company. The areas of work were then 
systematically categorized into legal practice 
areas. Normalization of practice areas was done 
based on company mappings to system-level 
practice areas available in the ELM Solutions 
system and by naming convention.
The majority of analyses included in this report 
have been mapped to one of 12 practice areas, 
further divided into sub-areas and litigation/non-
litigation (for more information on practice areas 
and sub-areas, please refer to pages 238-240).
To capture location and jurisdiction details, 
law firms and timekeepers were systematically 
mapped to the existing profiles within ELM 
Solutions systems, as well as with publicly 
available data sources for further validation and 
normalization. Where city location information 
is provided, it includes any address within that 
city’s defined Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA) 
as defined by the Office of Management and 
Budget (OMB). The CBSAs are urban centers 
with populations of 10,000 or more and include 
all adjacent counties that are economically 
integrated with that urban center.
Where the analyses focus on partners, associates, 
and paralegals, the underlying data occasionally 
included some sub-roles, such as “senior 
partner” or “junior associate.” In such instances, 
those timekeeper sub-roles were placed within 
the broader partner, associate, and paralegal 
segments.
Demographics regarding law firm size, location, 
and lawyer years of experience were augmented 
by incorporating publicly available information.
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Appendix: Data Methodology
Anonymization of the Dataset
Prior to inclusion in the ELM Solutions reference 
database, we systematically scrubbed the data of 
any information that would identify a particular 
matter, company, law firm, invoice, or timekeeper 
(individual). To ensure relationships necessary for 
analysis, those variables were assigned randomly 
generated numbers. To maintain data integrity 
and allow for proper analysis, these numbers 
are linked across data tables to enforce their 
associations.
To further ensure anonymity and confidentiality:
•	 The information is published in such a manner 
as to make it reasonably impervious to reverse 
analysis should some attempt be made to 
determine what data might pertain to any 
company, law firm, timekeeper, invoice, or 
matter;
•	 The 2021 Real Rate Report will not reveal which 
ELM Solutions client or clients are included or 
excluded in its analyses;
•	 Clients are not and will not be informed as 
to whether their data are included within a 
particular facet of analysis; and
•	 No textual description of any legal work 
performed by any individual exists in the  
ELM Solutions reference database.
A Note on Insurance Litigation
Our aim is to provide a point of comparison 
for companies purchasing law firm services. To 
improve comparability, we removed data related 
to insurance company defense litigation for all 
analyses unless noted otherwise. Insurance 
litigation tends to be less expensive than 
other types of litigation, as it is typically more 
repetitive and less complex.
“Real Rate” Definition
The information in this report consists of data 
taken from client invoices submitted by law 
firms for work performed from 7/1/2017 through 
9/30/2021. All Invoices were submitted through 
the ELM billing systems.
The analyses contained in this report are 
derived from aggregating hours, fees, and rates 
submitted as line items on those invoices. For a 
line item to qualify for inclusion in this report, 
it had to undergo multiple and rigorous testing 
processes to ensure its validity.
For example, for a rate to be loaded to the ELM 
Solutions reference database and used in this 
report, it must have been part of an invoice line 
entry in which all of the following items were 
included:
•	 Name of the biller
•	 Role of the biller
•	 Date of activity
•	 Hourly rate charged
•	 Time charged
•	 UTBMS code associated with the time charged
•	 Total amount charged for the activity
In addition, each line item’s hourly rate was 
validated against its “real rate” (calculated by 
dividing the total amount charged for the activity 
by the time charged). Any line items with an 
hourly rate that did not align closely with the real 
rate were not loaded to the reference database.
Real Rate = Line Item Total/Line Item Hours 
(Units) Example: $4,000/10 Hours = Real Rate of 
$400
Adjustments the client made to line item amounts 
subsequent to submission are not factored into 
the dataset. These types of adjustments may 
impact the effective rate paid by the client to the 
law firm but do not reflect the real rate billed.
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Appendix: Data Methodology
In short, the real rate is the rate appearing on an 
approved invoice at the invoice line item level.
Aggregations of data taken from millions of these 
line item–level invoice entries are the core of the 
information analyzed.
A Note on Negotiated Rates and Billing
Practices law firms can generally follow vary for 
submitting “negotiated” rates on invoices. Firms 
may submit the negotiated rate as the hourly rate 
identified on the invoice line item, insert a vendor 
line item adjustment to ensure compliance, 
or provide a vendor invoice level adjustment 
to bring the total amount of the fees into 
compliance with agreed-on discounts. Although 
the former two are considered part of the real 
rate calculation, the latter can be problematic. It 
is not directly linked to a line item, and therefore, 
for the purposes of determining the rate, it 
should not be assumed that the adjustment 
is related to a specific line item. Invoice-level 
adjustments may represent a credit or some 
other type of adjustment placed on the invoice. 
To ensure these types of adjustments would not 
adversely impact the analysis contained within 
the 2021 Real Rate Report, the team reviewed 
the population of invoices and line items to 
determine what the deviation of the real rate 
might be based on inclusion or exclusion. The 
analysis demonstrated that the variance was not 
significant (less than 1%).
As such, we decided not to include the vendor-
level adjustments in the report.
Types of Matters Included in the Analysis
Matters within the ELM Solutions system are 
associated with areas of work described and 
defined by ELM Solutions clients. Those areas 
of work were analyzed and systematically 
categorized into legal practice areas. 
Normalization of practice areas was supported by 
mappings to system-level practice areas available 
in the ELM Solutions system and by naming 
convention.
All data included within this report have been 
mapped to a corresponding practice area. The 
majority of our analyses focus on the following 12 
practice areas:
•	 Bankruptcy and Collections
•	 Commercial
•	 Corporate
•	 Employment and Labor 
•	 Environmental
•	 Finance and Securities
•	 General Liability
•	 Government Relations
•	 Insurance Defense
•	 Intellectual Property
•	 Marketing and Advertising
•	 Real Estate
Within each client’s areas of work, sub-areas are 
often identified. The lists that follow identify 
client areas of work and, within those areas, the 
sub-areas underneath each practice area. Often, 
the same sub-area appears within different 
practice areas.  For example, the sub-area 
“General/Other” when listed under “Commercial 
and Contracts” refers to general work provided 
regarding Commercial and Contracts matters. 
When listed under the “Employment and Labor” 
practice area, the same sub-area refers to work 
provided on Employment and Labor. Where 
applicable and practicable, each area and sub-
area has been further subdivided into litigation 
and non- litigation work for the purposes of 
granular analysis.
Bankruptcy and Collections	
Chapter 11
Collections
General/Other
Workouts and Restructuring
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Appendix: Data Methodology
1 	All references to “Corporate: General/Other” in the 2020 Mid-Year Real Rate Report are the aggregation of all Corporate subareas excluding 
the Mergers, Acquisitions, and Divestitures sub-area and the Regulatory and Compliance sub-area.
Corporate1
Antitrust and Competition
Corporate Development
General/Other
Governance
Information and Technology
Mergers, Acquisitions, and Divestitures
Partnerships and Joint Ventures
Regulatory and Compliance
Tax
Treasury
White Collar/Fraud/Abuse
Contract Breach or Dispute
General, Drafting, and Review
General/Other
Commercial (Commercial Transactions and Agreements)
Employment and Labor	
ADA
Agreements
Compensation and Benefits
Discrimination, Retaliation, and Harassment/EEO 
Employee Dishonesty/Misconduct
ERISA 
General/Other 
Immigration 
Union Relations and Negotiations/NLRB
Wages, Tips, and Overtime 
Wrongful Termination
Environmental	
General/Other
Health and Safety 
Superfund
Waste/Remediation
Finance and Securities
Commercial Loans and Financing
Debt/Equity Offerings
Fiduciary Services
General/Other
Investments and Other Financial Instruments
Loans and Financing
SEC Filings and Financial Reporting
Securities and Banking Regulations
General Liability
Asbestos/Mesothelioma
Auto and Transportation
Consumer Related Claims
Crime, Dishonesty and Fraud
General/Other
Personal Injury/Wrongful Death
Premises
Product and Product Liability
Property Damage
Toxic Tort
Government Relations
General/Other
Lobbying and Relations
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Appendix: Data Methodology
2 	All references to “Intellectual Property: General/Other” in the 2020 Mid-Year Real Rate Report are the aggregation of all Intellectual Property  
sub-areas excluding the Patents and Trademarks sub-areas.
Insurance Defense
Auto and Transportation
General/Other
Personal Injury/Wrongful Death 
Product and Product Liability 
Professional Liability 
Property Damage
Toxic Tort
Intellectual Property2
General/Other 
Licensing
Patents 
Trademarks
Marketing and Advertising	
General/Other
Real Estate	
Construction/Development 
Easement and Right of Way 
General/Other
Land Use/Zoning/Restrictive Covenants 
Landlord/Tenant Issues
Leasing 
Property/Land Acquisition or Disposition 
Titles
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Wolters Kluwer’s ELM Solutions is the market-leading global provider of enterprise legal spend 
and matter management, contract lifecycle management, and legal analytics solutions. We 
provide a comprehensive suite of tools that address the growing needs of corporate legal 
operations departments to increase operational efficiency and reduce costs. Corporate legal 
and insurance claims departments trust our innovative technology and end-to-end customer 
experience to drive world-class business outcomes. Wolters Kluwer’s ELM Solutions was named 
a leader in both the IDC MarketScape: Worldwide Enterprise Legal Spend Management 2020 
Vendor Assessment and IDC MarketScape: Worldwide Enterprise Matter Management 2020 Vendor 
Assessment. The award winning products include Passport®, one of the highest rated ELM 
solutions in the latest Hyperion MarketView™ Legal Market Intelligence Report; TyMetrix® 360°, 
the industry’s leading SaaS-based e-billing and matter management solution; CLM Matrix, named 
a “strong performer” in the 2019 Q1 CLM Forrester Wave report; and the LegalVIEW® portfolio of 
legal analytics solutions based upon the industry’s largest and most comprehensive legal spend 
database, with more than $150 billion in invoices.
About Wolters Kluwer’s ELM Solutions
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