Pandemic Darlings The pandemic economy, in original documents
Home Court filings USA v. Alexandra Acosta United States v. Alexandra Acosta — S.D. Fla., No. 0:23-cr-60170-RNS Motion for Acquittal (Rule 29, FRCP) by Alexandra Acosta. Responses due by 8/9/2024 — USA v. Alexandra Acosta (Dkt. 99, S.D. Fla.)

Court filing

Motion for Acquittal (Rule 29, FRCP) by Alexandra Acosta. Responses due by 8/9/2024 — USA v. Alexandra Acosta (Dkt. 99, S.D. Fla.)

Filed July 26, 2024 in USA v. Alexandra Acosta; one of 136 filings from this case.

Record facts

CourtU.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida
Filed2024-07-26

U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida · No. 0:23-cr-60170-RNS · Doc. 99 · 2024-07-26 · Docket on CourtListener

Full text

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 
 
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA 
 
 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
) 
 
 
Plaintiff, 
 
 
) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
) 
v. 
 
 
 
 
 
) 
 
CASE NO. 23-cr-60170-RNS 
 
 
 
                              ) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
) 
 
ALEXANDRA ACOSTA,   
 
) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
) 
 
 
Defendant.  
 
) 
_______________________________) 
 
MOTION JUDGMENT OF ACQUITTAL 
COMES NOW, the Defendant, ALEXANDRA ACOSTA (“Acosta”), by and 
through the undersigned attorney, and respectfully motions this Court to enter a 
judgment of acquittal on counts 1, 2, 3, and 4 pursuant to Rule 29, Federal Rules of 
Criminal Procedure. In support thereof, Acosta states: 
KEY 
AH 
= 
Transcript of Althea Harris, SBA [DN-91] 
 
SB 
= 
Transcript of Sammi Beechan, Cross River Bank [DN-92] 
 
TJ 
= 
Transcript of Special Agent Tonya Johnson, FRB-OIG [DN-93] 
 
AA 
= 
Transcript of Alexandra Acosta [DN-97, 98] 
 
 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 1 of 21

 
 
RELEVANT PROCEDURAL HISTORY 
1. 
On March 14, 2024, a superseding indictment was filed that charged 
Acosta with the following offenses [DN-23]:  
Count 1: 
Conspiracy to Defraud the United States  
18 U.S.C. § 371 
 
For allegedly conspiring with VILSAINT ST. LOUIS (“St. 
Louis”) to submit a fraudulent PPP loan application and a 
fraudulent forgiveness application to the SBA to defraud the 
United States. 
 
 
Count 2: 
False Statements to the SBA  
18 USC § 645(a) 
 
For allegedly making false statements to the SBA in an initial 
PPP loan application. 
 
 
 
 
Count 3: 
False Statements to the SBA  
18 USC § 645(a) 
 
For allegedly making false statements to the SBA in a PPP loan 
forgiveness application. 
 
 
Count 4: 
Wire Fraud 
18 USC § 1343 
 
For using a fraudulent initial PPP loan application to cause Cross 
River Bank to transfer $20,180 in loan proceeds via interstate 
wire to Acosta’s account at SunTrust Bank. 
 
 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 2 of 21

 
2. 
On June 3, 2024, trial commenced on the superseding indictment. At 
the close of the government’s case, Acosta made a first motion for judgment of 
acquittal. That motion was denied. The Defense then put on a case, Acosta testified, 
and Defense evidence was admitted. At the close of all evidence, Acosta made a 
second motion for judgment of acquittal, however the Court reserved ruling on that 
motion. At the end of trial, the jury returned guilty verdicts on all four counts. The 
Court then gave the Defendant an initial deadline of July 19, 2024 to file post-trial 
motions, including the instant one, however that deadline was later extended to July 
26, 2024. The instant motion follows. A separate motion for new trial is being filed 
contemporaneously as well. 
SUMMARY OF THE GOVERNMENT’S ALLEGATIONS 
3. 
This case concerns allegations of Paycheck Protection Program 
(“PPP”) fraud. At trial, the government accused Acosta of conspiring with her tax 
preparer, VILSAINT ST. LOUIS (“St. Louis”), to obtain a $20,800 PPP loan by 
fraud to pay an estimated IRS tax liability of approximately $18,000 that Acosta 
incurred due to errors St. Louis made on her taxes.  
4. 
The government’s case concerned two SBA applications: 1) an initial 
PPP loan application and 2) a PPP loan forgiveness application. Both were admitted 
into evidence at trial. Exhibit 1 (Loan Application), Exhibit 2 (Forgiveness  
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 3 of 21

 
 
Application) The superseding indictment accused Acosta of submitting false 
statements in both applications.  
5. 
On February 3, 2021, an initial loan application was submitted with 
the SBA that falsely claimed Acosta paid an average monthly payroll of $8,072. That 
application was also fraudulently substantiated with doctored tax documents that 
overstated Acosta’s business income. Based on these false claims, Acosta’s loan 
application was approved and Cross River bank loan Acosta $20,180 that was wired 
from Cross River to Acosta’s account at SunTrust. 
6. 
On April 21, 2021, a forgiveness application was filed with the SBA in 
Acosta’s name seeking forgiveness of Acosta’s PPP loan. That application falsely 
stated that Acosta used 100% of the loan proceeds to pay payroll when that was not 
true. As a result of these false claims, Acosta’s forgiveness application was approved 
and the United States paid off Acosta’s loan with Cross River. 
BASIS FOR RELIEF 
COUNT 1:  Conspiracy to Defraud the United States (18 U.S.C. § 371) 
 
COUNT 3: False Statements to the SBA (18 USC § 645(a)) 
 
7. 
To understand why relief should be granted in this case, it is first 
necessary to understand the distinct roles that the initial loan application and the 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 4 of 21

 
forgiveness application played in each count. As will be explained below, Counts 1 
and 3 are connected in that they both ultimately hinge on the forgiveness application; 
whereas, Counts 2 and 4 are connected in that they both ultimately hinge on the 
initial loan application.  
8. 
When the initial loan application was approved, the lender, Cross River 
Bank, was the party who was defrauded because they were the party who loaned 
Acosta the money – not the United States. [AH, pp.6, line 26 and p.7, lines 1-4] At 
that juncture, the United States was merely a guarantor of Acosta’s loan. [AH, p.8, 
lines 1-4].  The United States was not defrauded until the SBA approved the 
fraudulent forgiveness application and the United States paid off Acosta’s loan. 
9. 
Thus, Cross River Bank was defrauded by the initial loan application 
whereas the United States was defrauded by the forgiveness application. Since Count 
1 narrowly accuses Acosta of only defrauding the United States, Count 1 hinges on 
the sufficiency or insufficiency of the evidence concerning the forgiveness 
application. Count 3 obviously hinges on that as well. 
10. 
As will be explained below, this is a fatal problem because the evidence 
admitted at trial to prove Acosta knew of the fraudulent components of the 
forgiveness application or that she was the person who signed and submitted it to the 
SBA was so insufficient that a reasonable jury would find that the evidence failed to 
establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.  
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 5 of 21

 
Exculpatory Evidence Admitted at Trial 
11. 
Defense Exhibit B, admitted at trial, is an email dated April 21, 2021, 
timestamped 2:34 PM EDT, sent from Acosta’s personal Gmail account to St. Louis 
at victorytaxes@gmail.com. [AA, p. 37, line 4] Exhibit 3 (Defense Trial Exhibit 
B) In this email, Acosta gave St. Louis her Gmail login credentials (login name and 
password) so that he could prepare and submit her forgiveness application. Id. The 
next page in Exhibit B contains a screenshot that St. Louis texted to Acosta showing 
he submitted her forgiveness application to the SBA on her behalf. Id. Following 
that screenshot is an email St. Louis sent from victorytaxes@gmail.com to Acosta’s 
personal Gmail dated April 21, 2021, timestamped 3:47 PM EDT, forwarding an 
email that shows he had successfully submitted her forgiveness application to the 
SBA on her behalf. Id. [See also AA, p. 46 line 24 – p. 48, line 7] Acosta received 
no other documents or information from St. Louis regarding the forgiveness 
application. 
12. 
Cross River Bank’s representative, SAMMI BEECHAN (“Beechan”), 
testified that every single forgiveness application submitted to the SBA or through a 
private lender was authenticated using Docusign or another service. [SB, p. 38, line 
19-25, p. 39, lines 1-3] Her cross-examination revealed that the signature on the 
forgiveness application was not Docusigned and lacked any indicia that it was 
authenticated by any signature authentication service. [SB, pp. 38 – 43] The 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 6 of 21

 
signature on the forgiveness application looked like someone merely typed Acosta’s 
name into the application using a cursive font. Frankly, it looked amateurish. 
13. 
When Beechan was shown a copy of the initial loan application, she 
was able to successfully identify and explain the various authenticators marked on 
that document when it was Docusigned. [SB, pp. 26-27 and pp. 39-43] Beechan was 
able to identify and discuss the Docusign envelope ID number, the distinct Docusign 
signature which appears logo-like, and the Docusign certificate. Id. She also testified 
that she uses Docusign personally and is familiar with it. Id. 
14. 
However, when Beechan was presented with the copy of Acosta’s 
forgiveness application, she agreed that it was devoid of any identifiers that would 
indicate the signature and two sets of initials found on the application were 
authenticated using Docusign or another service. [SB, p. 39-43] The forgiveness 
application was missing a Docusign style signature, did not have a Docusign 
envelope ID number on any page, and had no Docusign certificate – or any other 
indicia that would indicate the signature on the forgiveness application was 
authentic. 
15. 
Illustrated below is a simple visual comparison of the signatures found 
on the initial loan application, the forgiveness application, and the signature card 
from Acosta’s checking account at SunTrust. Ex. 1, Ex. 2, Exhibit 4 (Acosta’s Real 
Signature)  
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 7 of 21

 
  
  Initial Loan Application   
   
     Forgiveness Application          
 
      
 
 
Acosta’s Real Signature 
 
 
 
 
16. 
At the culmination of Ms. Beechan’s cross-examination, the 
undersigned showed her the signature contained in the forgiveness application 
admitted by the government and the following exchange was had: 
Counsel: 
How do you know this is Ms. Acosta’s 
signature, that she has put there?  
 
How do you know she is the one who 
signed this? 
 
Beechan: 
 
I don’t. 
 
SB, p. 43, lines 6-10 
 
17. 
During her testimony, Acosta denied any knowledge of the fraudulent 
statements in her PPP applications and explained that St. Louis prepared and 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 8 of 21

 
submitted everything on his own. [AA, p. 48-49] She denied any knowledge of the 
false claims he made and said she had no reason to question his honesty or suspect 
that he would submit fraudulent information given their near 10-year history as 
customer and tax preparer. Id.  
Significance of an Unauthenticated Signature 
18. 
The signatures on the two applications are necessary because they are 
a sworn affirmation by the person signing the applications that indicates the contents 
of the application are true and correct. The Court is encouraged to review the fine 
print contained above the signature. Because the signature in these applications is a 
sworn affirmation that the claims made in the application were true, the signature 
must be authentic to have any effect.  
19. 
Althea Harris agreed during her redirect when she stated that the 
signature indicated “that they [the applicant] understood what they were doing, that 
they filled out the form and certified that the numbers were right, and correct, 
that they were eligible for the money. And, one of the bullets there on the form said 
that, that they needed the money.” [AH, p. 61] Yet that is exactly where the 
government’s case came short. However, the evidence admitted during trial failed to 
establish that Acosta signed and submitted these applications. On the contrary, the 
evidence proves that St. Louis is the one who signed and submitted them and is 
therefore the person who actually attested to their veracity, not Acosta. 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 9 of 21

 
 
20. 
The evidence admitted at trial, such as the emails, only proved that 
Acosta knew St. Louis submitted a forgiveness application on her behalf using her 
Gmail login and password and that the application was later approved and her loan 
was forgiven. There is no evidence that she knew the claims made in the applications 
were false. There is no evidence that shows Acosta was the person who signed or 
submitted the forgiveness application or that she authorized St. Louis to submit false 
information on her behalf. Because Acosta’s purported signature on the forgiveness 
application was never authenticated, the government failed to sufficiently prove that 
she knew of or affirmed the false statements in the application.  
21. 
Viewing all the evidence in the light most favorable to the government 
and drawing all reasonable inferences and credibility choices in favor of the jury’s 
verdict, a reasonable trier of fact could not find that the evidence established guilt 
beyond a reasonable doubt because the evidence establishing Acosta’s knowledge 
of the fraud or her involvement in the preparation, signature and submission of the 
fraudulent applications was totally insufficient and was also rebutted by credible 
exculpatory evidence.  
 
 
 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 10 of 21

 
COUNT 2: FALSE STATEMENTS TO THE SBA (18 USC § 645(a)) 
COUNT 4:  WIRE FRAUD (18 USC § 1343) 
22. 
Counts 2 and 4 are connected in that they both focus on and concern 
the initial loan application. Count 2 accused Acosta of making false statements in 
the initial loan application only (it does not accuse of her of making false statements 
in the forgiveness application). Per paragraph 32 of the superseding indictment, 
Count 4 charged Acosta with wire fraud for causing the lender of her PPP loan (Cross 
River Bank) to wire the loan proceeds, $20,180, to Acosta’s account at SunTrust. It 
should be emphasized that Count 4 does not charge Acosta with wire fraud for 
causing the United States to wire proceeds to Cross River Bank after approving the 
forgiveness application. In other words, Count 4 is limited in scope to the initial loan 
application. 
23. 
The evidence admitted at trial to prove Acosta made false statements in 
her initial loan application or that she was responsible for the false statements in that 
application that caused Cross River to wire money to her SunTrust account was so  
insufficient that a reasonable jury would find that the evidence failed to establish 
guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.  
 
 
 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 11 of 21

 
ANALYSIS 
Exculpatory Evidence Admitted at Trial 
24. 
At trial, the government called an SBA employee named ALTHEA 
HARRIS (“Harris”) to testify. Through her testimony, the government admitted a 
copy of Acosta’s initial PPP loan application. The admitted loan application 
contained a Docusign certificate that was generated when the application was 
Docusigned and submitted to the SBA. This certificate memorialized all the 
authentication data that was recorded when the loan application was purportedly 
Docusigned by Acosta. Ex. 1 Harris testified that this loan application was submitted 
to the SBA and was ultimately approved. Once approved, the lender, Cross River 
Bank, wired the loan proceeds, $20,180, to Acosta’s account at SunTrust.  
25. 
During cross-examination, the undersigned inspected the Docusign 
evidence with Mrs. Harris. After a painstakingly long review of the loan application 
before the jury, Mrs. Harris confirmed that the unique envelope ID number recorded 
on the Docusign certificate matched the envelope ID number printed on every page 
of the loan application. Mrs. Harris also confirmed that the Docusign certificate for 
the loan application recorded 4 signatures and 12 initials, which correctly 
corresponded to the number of signatures and initials in the SBA’s initial loan 
application. Mrs. Harris also confirmed that the Docusign certificate indicated that 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 12 of 21

 
the loan application was signed by a user identifying as “Alexandra Acosta” from 
alexacosta03@gmail.com using IP address 73.56.139.104.  
26. 
Mrs. Harris also testified that the certificate contained the following 
timestamps: 
Sent:  
2/3/2021  
6:32:22 AM 
Viewed: 
2/3/2021  
6:32:39 AM 
Signed: 
2/3/2021  
6:33:06 AM   
 
According to these timestamps, the loan application was viewed and signed in less 
than 44 seconds, which indicates whoever put the 4 signatures and 12 initials on this 
multi-page, small print, single-spaced document did so without reading it first.  
73.56.139.104 Belongs to St. Louis and  
Proves He Docusigned Acosta’s Loan Application 
27. 
Evidence admitted at trial proves that IP address 73.56.139.104 belongs 
to St. Louis. SA TONYA JOHNSON, the lead agent in the case, admitted that 
herinvestigation revealed IP address 73.56.139.104 is associated with St. Louis. [TJ, 
pp. 8-12] No evidence was admitted that associated 73.56.139.104 with Acosta. 
28. 
Not only did 73.56.139.104 appear in the Docusign certificate 
generated when Acosta’s loan application was signed and submitted, but it also 
appeared in a login record form a third-party loan servicer named Bluevine that was 
admitted by the government at trial. Exhibit 5 (Bluevine Logs) During cross-
examination, Beechan successfully reviewed the portion of the logs that recorded St. 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 13 of 21

 
Loui’s IP address, 73.56.139.104. [SB, p. 31 (line 19) – p. 33] In total, IP address 
73.56.139.104 was recorded four different times during the initial loan application 
process. No other IP address was ever recorded, including any IP address associated 
with Acosta. 
29. 
SA Johnson further testified that Acosta, through the undersigned, 
provided the government with a subpoena return obtained from Docusign. [TJ, p. 8, 
line 14) – p. 13, line 11)] In its return, Docusign produced a Docusign certificate that 
recorded a user identifying as “Vilsaint St. Louis” as having signed a document from 
the SBA on December 10, 2020 (well before Acosta’s application was submitted) 
from victorytaxes@gmail.com using IP address 73.56.139.104. Id. Exhibit 6 (St. 
Louis Docusign) It is undisputed that St. Louis’ email address is 
victorytaxes@gmail.com and that all the email exchanges he had with Acosta that 
were admitted at trial clearly show his email address as victorytaxes@gmail.com. 
Exhibit 7 (Defense Trial Exhibits B & D) 
30. 
Additionally, Acosta’s testimony that she gave her Gmail login 
credentials to St. Louis so that he could prepare and submit the initial loan 
application was substantiated by emails that she did the same thing when it came 
time to submit the forgiveness application. Ex. 7 The fact that she gave him her 
Gmail login credentials explains how he was able to Docusign and submit the initial 
loan application using her personal email account. It explains how Acosta appears 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 14 of 21

 
to be the person responsible for signing and submitting the fraudulent loan 
application when in fact it was St. Louis the whole time. A reasonable jury would 
not disregard this conflict and would find that the government failed to prove its 
allegations beyond a reasonable doubt. 
31. 
In her testimony, Acosta explained that she knew St. Louis for almost 9 
years as her tax preparer and that he had prepared her taxes every years since about 
2012. [AA. p. 13, lines 11-16] She explained that she trusted him and no reason to 
question his honest. [AA, p. 16 – 17] She also explained that he had handled her 
personal financial information every year for many years to prepare her taxes and 
never had a problem. Id. 
32. 
Acosta explained that she gave St. Louis her Gmail login credentials 
two times. [AA, p. 26] The first time was on a sticky note so that St. Louis could 
prepare and submit the initial loan application. Id. The second time was via email so 
that St. Louis could prepare and submit the forgiveness application. Id. Ex. 7 There 
was also a third email where Acosta shared her Home Depot login credentials with 
St. Louis. Id. The Home Depot email is relevant to show a pattern and course of 
conduct, namely that Acosta is telling the truth when she said she gave St. Louis 
access to her Gmail account so that he could prepare and submit her PPP 
applications.  
 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 15 of 21

 
ARGUMENT 
33. 
While Acosta and St. Louis agreed that St. Louis would submit an initial 
loan application and a forgiveness application on Acosta’s behalf, there was no 
evidence of any agreement to submit fraudulent applications. Additionally, no 
evidence was admitted that proves Acosta actually knew of the fraud that St. Louis 
was committing or that she knowingly and voluntarily participated in his fraud. 
On the contrary, the exculpatory evidence discussed above would inform a 
reasonable jury that the government failed to prove these elements of conspiracy 
beyond a reasonable doubt.  
34. 
To take the government’s side, the jury needed to unreasonably ignore 
the IP address in the Docusign certificates and the Bluevine logs, the emails that 
show Acosta gave her Gmail login credentials to St. Louis, and that he submitted the 
forgiveness application. Ex. 1, Ex. 7 
35. 
Just like the forgiveness application in Counts 1 and 3 above, when an 
applicant signs the initial loan application, they are in essence making a sworn 
statement affirming the truthfulness of the application, its contents, supporting 
documents, and their agreement to its terms and conditions.  
36. 
So long as there is a question about whether or not Acosta actually 
signed and submitted those applications, it can never be said that she was the person 
who attested to the veracity of their contents even though her name was used. If she 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 16 of 21

 
was not the person who attested to the veracity of their contents or submitted the 
applications, then she is not the person liable for misleading the SBA.  
37. 
While Acosta may have generally consented to St. Louis preparing and 
submitting the applications, there is simply insufficient evidence establishing that 
she was aware of or consented to their false contents. As a result, a reasonable jury 
would find that the evidence failed to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.   
38. 
Additionally, Althea Harris’ painstaking review of the loan application 
and loan documents revealed that there was no clear indication to an applicant or 
borrower regarding what exactly they were allowed to use the money for and what 
exactly they were not allowed to use the money for. Additionally, there is no clear 
indication to an applicant or borrower about the difference between an expenditure 
of loan proceeds that would qualify/disqualify them from forgiveness versus an 
expenditure of loan proceeds that would be criminal (other than the obvious illegal 
use of any money). These distinctions are material because they go to Acosta’s state 
of mind and her knowledge. 
39. 
Given that the offenses charged in this case required a finding of 
knowledge and willfulness, the evidence proving Acosta did anything criminal in 
how she spent the money is totally insufficient because there is no clear indication 
that she fairly knew what she was permitted to spend the money on versus what she 
was not permitted to spend the money on. The only evidence on the subject is 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 17 of 21

 
Acosta’s testimony that St. Louis advised her the money did not only have to be 
spent on payroll and could be spent on other things.  
MEMORANDUM OF LAW 
40. 
“Whether there is sufficient evidence in the record to support a jury's 
verdict in a criminal trial is reviewed de novo, taking the evidence in the light most 
favorable to the Government. United States v. Maxwell, 579 F.3d 1282, 1299 (11th 
Cir. 2009) citing United States v. Futrell, 209 F.3d 1286, 1288 (11th Cir. 2000) A 
court “is obliged to resolve any conflicts in favor of the Government, draw all 
reasonable inferences that tend to support the prosecution's case, and assume that the 
jury made all credibility choices in support of the verdict.” Maxwell at 1299 
citing United States v. Thompson, 473 F.3d 1137, 1142 (11th Cir. 2006); United 
States v. Ward, 197 F.3d 1076, 1079 (11th Cir. 1999) “Evidence is sufficient to 
support a conviction if “a reasonable trier of fact could find that the evidence 
established guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. citing United States v. Calhoon, 97 
F.3d 518, 523 (11th Cir. 1996).  
41. 
“In rebutting the Government's evidence, ‘[i]t is not enough for a 
defendant to put forth a reasonable hypothesis of innocence, because the issue is not 
whether a jury reasonably could have acquitted but whether it reasonably could not 
have found guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.’” Id. citing Thompson at 1142.  
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 18 of 21

 
42. 
“For sufficiency purposes, the evidence need not exclude every 
reasonable hypothesis of innocence; rather, the question is whether a reasonable trier 
of fact, when choosing among reasonable constructions of the evidence, could have 
found the Defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.” U.S. v. Knowles, 66 F.3d 
1146, 1154 (11th Cir. 1995) A jury is free to choose among reasonable constructions 
of the evidence. U.S. v. Abbell, 271 F.3d 1286, 1295 (11th Cir. 2001 
43. 
In a conspiracy case, there must be “substantial evidence” connecting 
an accused to a conspiracy. Alternative characterizations of the standard refer to the 
“reasonably minded jury” test. See generally U.S. v. Clavis, 977 F.2d 538, 539 (11th 
Cir. 1992); U.S. v. Toler, 144 F.3d 1423 (11th Cir. 1998); U.S. v. Baker, 432 F.3d 
1189, 1231-1232 n.49 & n.50 (11th Cir. 2005).  
44. 
To sustain a conspiracy conviction the Court must conclude that a 
reasonable fact-finder could determine that: 1) an agreement existed between two or 
more persons; 2) that the defendant knew of the general purpose of the agreement; 
and 3) that the defendant knowingly and voluntarily participated in the agreement. 
U.S. v. High, 117 F.3d 464 (11th Cir. 1997) 
45. 
To prove the existence of a “scheme to defraud” the government had to 
show that Acosta misrepresented or concealed a material fact. United States v. 
Slaton, 801 F.3d 1308, 1314 (11th Cir. 2015), See United States v. Maxwell, 579 
F.3d 1282, 1299 (11th Cir. 2009) “A scheme to defraud ‘requires proof of material 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 19 of 21

 
misrepresentations, or the omission or concealment of material facts reasonably 
calculated to deceive persons of ordinary prudence.’” Maxwell at 1299  
CONLCUSION 
46. 
The claim that Acosta knew of the fraudulent contents of these 
applications has never been sufficiently proven with evidence. At the close of all 
evidence, there was a MAJOR reasonable doubt as to whether or not Acosta actually 
knew these applications contained false information or that she was the person who 
prepared, signed, or submitted them, or that St. Louis did so with her actual 
knowledge and approval. The evidence failed to establish that Acosta was the person 
who affirmed the veracity of the applications with a signature when they were 
submitted. The initial application fails because of the reasonable doubt created by 
the IP address evidence and the emails proving Acosta shared her Gmail login 
credentials. The forgiveness application fails because there is no evidence that 
proved the signature on the application authentically Acosta’s or that it was placed 
by another person at her direction. There is simply not enough evidence to establish 
a sufficient connection between Acosta and the fraudulent components of the alleged 
conspiracy (the most important part). Based on all of the foregoing, a reasonably 
minded jury would have found that the evidence failed to establish guilt beyond a 
reasonable doubt on all counts. 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 20 of 21

 
WHEREFORE, the Defendant and the undersigned respectfully motion this 
Court to enter a judgment of acquittal on all counts (Counts 1, 2, 3, and 4), forthwith. 
Respectfully Submitted, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Brian Silber 
 
 
 
 
 
 
______________________________ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brian Silber, Esq. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Counsel for Alexandra Acosta 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Florida Bar #:  0640646 
 
 
 
 
 
 
916 South Andrews Avenue 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316 
 
 
 
 
 
 
954-462-3636 (ofc) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
silberlaw@gmail.com 
 
 
 
 
 
 
briansilberlaw.com 
 
 
 
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE 
 
I HEREBY CERTIFY that a copy of this document was served on the 
following parties via CM/ECF on July 26, 2024. 
 
SERVICE LIST 
 
AUSA Trevor Jones 
U.S. Attorney’s Office SDFL 
500 E. Broward Blvd, 7th Floor 
Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33394 
786-564-9109 
trevor.jones@usdoj.gov 
Case 0:23-cr-60170-RNS   Document 99   Entered on FLSD Docket 07/26/2024   Page 21 of 21

File and source

File
gov.uscourts.flsd.654235.99.0.pdf
Size
368,049 bytes
SHA-256
f9eac1ef53cd706463a16880ac42a2cc8c0c2659a3a60e64add3293ce9d2e27e
Our copy
gov.uscourts.flsd.654235.99.0.pdf
Original
PACER (login required)
Back to top