Declaration of David J. Lewkowicz, PhD — The Arc of Iowa v. Reynolds (S.D. Iowa)
- Date
- 2021-07-19
Summary
The Declaration of David J. Lewkowicz, PhD, in The Arc of Iowa et al. v. Kim Reynolds et al., Case No. 4:21-cv-264, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa. Lewkowicz, a Senior Scientist at Haskins Laboratories and Professor Adjunct in the Yale Child Study Center, submits the declaration in support of enjoining provisions of HF847 that prohibit Iowa schools from implementing universal masking. The declaration addresses how masks do and do not affect face perception, speech and language learning, and how children compensate for partially covered faces. It opines that concerns about masks and children's cognitive development do not justify a prohibition on masking in schools, and describes a study of 4-7 year-old children's face discrimination. His curriculum vitae is attached as Exhibit A, and the document closes with a list of his talks and posters.
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF IOWA
THE ARC OF IOWA et al.,
Plaintiffs, Case No. 4:21-cv-264
v.
KIM REYNOLDS et al., DECLARATION OF DAVID J.
LEWKOWICZ, PhD
Defendants.
I, David J. Lewkowicz, declare as follows:
1. I am a Senior Scientist at Haskins Laboratories and a Professor Adjunct in the Yale
Child Study Center at the Yale School of Medicine.
2. I received my BA from Brandeis University, and my PhD from the City University of
New York. I completed a postdoctoral fellowship in child mental health at the Albert
Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University.
3. I have served as President and Secretary of the International Congress on Infant
Studies. I am also an elected Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science as
well as an elected Fellow of the American Psychological Association.
4. I investigate the development of speech, language, and the perceptual and attentional
processes underlying them in infants, preschool children, and adults. My research has
been and continues to be supported by highly competitive research grants from the
National Institutes of Health as well as from the National Science Foundation.
5. The primary focus of my research is perceptual and cognitive development in human
infants and young children, with a specific interest in the development of attention,
multisensory perception and integration, and sequence/statistical learning and the role
1
that these fundamental processes play in the development of speech, language, and
general cognitive abilities.
6. I have published widely in the psychological literature and especially in developmental
psychology and psychobiology. One of my current and primary interests is concerned
with the way that developmental changes in selective attention mechanisms during the
first years of life mediate acquisition of speech and language.
7. My curriculum vitae, including a list of my publications, is attached as Exhibit A.
8. I am submitting this declaration in support of enjoining those provisions of HF847
which prohibit Iowa schools from implementing universal masking as consistent with
public health recommendations to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 among
schoolchildren. This declaration focuses on the ways in which masks do and do not
impact face perception (including emotions), speech and language perception and
learning, and ways in which adults and children can and do compensate for the short-
term deprivation of some facial information that masks cause. My testimony is based
on my training, education, extensive research and knowledge of the professional
literature in my field, and my experience with infants and young children during a
career spanning over 40 years.
9. In my professional opinion, concern regarding the impact of masks on children’s
cognitive development do not justify a prohibition on masking in schools as necessary
to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 among school children, in accordance with
guidance issued by the CDC and American Academy of Pediatricians. 1
1 See, e.g., American Academy of Pediatrics Updates Recommendations for Opening Schools in
Fall 2021, Am. Acad. Pediatrics (July 19, 2021), https://www.aap.org/en/news-room/news-
releases/aap/2021/american-academy-ofpediatrics-updates-recommendations-for-opening-
2
10. In summary, the specific issue of the impact of masks on speech and language learning
is complex. Based on the research conducted in my laboratory as well as in other
laboratories, it may be reasonable to argue that masks may make it more difficult for
babies and very young children under the age of two to process and learn speech and
language. The fact is, however, that there a number of reasons why masks are not likely
to hinder speech and language development in young school age children: (1) most of
the focus on the mouth as crucial for language development in children occurs in the
first two years of a child’s life, long before children are in school, (2) there are plenty
of opportunities for parents and caretakers to compensate for masking at home, where
young children get to see full faces producing not only auditory speech but audiovisual
(i.e., audible and simultaneously visible) speech, (3) even though school-age children
lipread under challenging conditions (e.g., noise), they are not as good as adults are in
extracting useful information from the visible speech that they would normally be able
to access through lipreading; this means that they rely less on the greater perceptual
salience of audiovisual as opposed to heard speech, (4) in many parts of the world,
children are used to seeing people wearing masks or face coverings for religious,
cultural, or health reasons and their speech and language development is not adversely
affected, and (5) research shows clearly that the younger the brain, the greater its
plasticity, meaning that the younger the brain the more it is capable of making up for
specific deprivations such as, for example, not being able to see the bottom half of
another person’s face.
schools-in-fall-2021/; Guidance for Covid-19 Prevention in K-12 Schools, Ctrs. for Disease
Control & Prevention (Aug. 5, 2021 update), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-
ncov/community/schools-childcare/k-12-guidance.html.
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11. Brain development begins shortly after conception and continues for about 20 years.
The primary characteristics of this process are the emergence of neurons (the building
blocks of the nervous system), synapses (the connections between neurons), and
ultimately the complex neural circuits and networks that support all of our sensory,
perceptual, cognitive, and social capacities. Critically, the developmental emergence
of these circuits and networks depends on the constant interaction between biological
and environmental factors. The latter are the sorts of events and their sensory aspects
that children experience in their daily lives. These everyday sensory experiences tune
infants’ and young children’s perceptual and attentional capacities and, thus, play a
critical role in the development of children’s sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and social
abilities. These abilities include face perception and the communicative information
that faces convey via speech, language, and emotional signals during social
interactions. Importantly, brain development is very rapid during the first 3 years of
life and, even though it slows down during the subsequent years of early and middle
childhood, it still proceeds at a rapid pace throughout much of childhood. This rapid
growth and the constant interaction between the biological and environmental factors
underlying brain growth and development imbue the growing brain with a great deal
of plasticity and is the basis for the prodigious learning abilities of young children
(Werker & Hensch, 2015). The neural and behavioral plasticity inherent in early
development imbues young children with far greater cognitive flexibility and the
impressive capacity to adapt to changing conditions, challenges, and deprivations. As
a result, younger children are far more adaptable to their environment than are older
children or adults. These general principles of brain and behavioral development and
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the plasticity that it affords strongly suggest that masks worn by others will not have
any long-term detrimental consequences for young children’s ability to perceive
identity, emotional, and visual-speech cues in a social partner’s/interlocutor’s face. One
example that illustrates this is cited in the next section describing our latest findings
from a study of children’s ability to discriminate different people’s faces.
12. It is reasonable to believe that masks may hinder the ability of babies and very young
children to observe speech and language and to learn it as they normally would absent
a mask, but most of the focus on the mouth, from a developmental perspective, occurs
in the first two years of life, long before children are in school. My research shows that
babies and children younger than two see and hear communicative signals and learn to
attach meanings to them through their daily interactions with adult caregivers and
social partners. Around the age of 6 to 8 months, infants begin to shift their gaze from
a speaker’s eyes to the speaker’s mouth when watching and listening to another person
speak. (Lewkowicz and Hansen-Tift 2012). This shift “enables infants to gain access
to redundant audiovisual speech cues that enable them to learn their native speech
forms.” (Id.) This shift from focusing on the eyes to looking at both the eyes and the
mouth of a speaker coincides with the onset of canonical babbling, when “greater
attention to a talker’s mouth . . . would be advantageous from the standpoint of
imitation.” (Id.) By 12 months of age, infants “acquire sufficient expertise in their
native language” such that imitation is less crucial, and their focus shifts back to the
speaker’s eyes. (Id.). This shift back to focusing on eyes is crucial to understanding
language and social cues, as infants learn that “the eyes of social partners provide
crucial social and deictic perceptual cues that are essential for further cognitive
5
development.” (Id.). Research from other laboratories has also shown that lipreading
in infancy is correlated with the development of speech and language in subsequent
months (Tenenbaum, Sobel, Sheinkopf, Shah, Malle, and Morgan 2015).
13. During the second year of development, children turn their focus back to speaker’s
mouths as they “enter the word acquisition phase” of their development, suggesting
that an increased focus on the mouth of a speaker assists them in acquiring new words.
(Boisferon, Tift, Minar, and Lewkowicz 2018).
14. My research has also shown that bilingual babies begin focusing on a speaker’s mouth
earlier in development and maintain that focus later in their development, than do
monolingual babies. (Pons, Bosch, and Lewkowicz 2015). This suggests that the earlier
and longer lasting focus on mouths in bilingual babies is necessary “to support their
dual-language acquisition process.” (Id.) Likewise, despite the shift of focus back
towards the eyes at 12 months of development, 12 month old infants spent more time
looking at the mouths of speakers when they were speaking a non-native language than
when the speaker was using the native language of the infant. 2 (Id.)
15. While infants experience two phases during development when the ability to focus on
the mouth of a speaker takes precedent over the speaker’s eyes, children beyond two
years of age through adulthood focus their attention much more on the eyes of a social
partner than on the mouth, and only shift their focus to the mouth in circumstances
2 Nonetheless, this does not mean that infants and children under two cannot compensate for the
missing information due to masking. This is because there are plenty of opportunities for parents
and caretakers to compensate for masking at home, where children get to see full faces producing
not only auditory speech but audiovisual (i.e., audible and simultaneously visible) speech.
6
where the speaker is difficult to understand or when they are learning more than one
language (Lewkowicz and Hansen-Tift 2012).
16. Language development in school age children is primarily auditory, as well as focused
on learning to read and write, rather than visual. Masking doesn’t impair this type of
language development. School age children are not as good as adults in extracting
useful information from the visible speech that they would normally observe through
lipreading, which means that they rely less on the greater perceptual salience of
lipread/audiovisual speech compared to heard speech. (Lalonde and Holt 2015).
Moreover, we have recently found in our studies that, unlike adults who are excellent
at matching heard speech with visible speech, school-age children are poor at this task
(Lewkowicz, in preparation). This means that even though children have access to
visible speech in unmasked faces, they do not take advantage of it the way that adults
do to enhance their speech processing.
17. Finally, two real-world examples illustrate children’s ability to overcome the
deprivation resulting from half the face being covered by a mask. First, it is noteworthy
that, despite the fact that in many parts of the world children see people wearing masks
or face coverings for religious, cultural, or health reasons on a regular basis, their
speech and language development is not adversely affected. Second, blind children
acquire language in a similar way that seeing children do. (Pérez-Pereira, Language
Development in Blind Children (2006).
18. In addition to speech and language development, there are reasons to believe that face
perception among young school age children is not adversely affected by masks. This
is evident from recent findings from a just-completed study in my lab. In this study, we
7
examined 4-7 year-old children’s ability to discriminate different faces after they spent
considerable amounts of their time in masked environments during the pandemic. We
found that the children successfully discriminated among different faces on the basis
of identity cues just like children who have not spent any time in masked environments.
This demonstrates that young children’s ability to recognize other people is not
adversely affected by seeing only partial faces when they find themselves in masked
environments. This research is explained below.
19. We have just finished collecting data in a study in which we investigated whether face
perception in 4-7-year-old children is negatively affected by daily exposure to other
kids and adults wearing masks. We used a classic technique that involves presenting
two side-by-side faces both of which are composites of either the same person’s face
or two different people’s faces. Specifically, each composite face consists of a top and
bottom half. If the top halves of the side-by-side faces are identical but each is
combined with a different person’s bottom half, adults report that the two top halves
are different even though they are identical. This is because adults respond to faces as
one unified, holistic object rather than as different parts of a single object. When we
showed these types of composite faces to 4-7 year-old children and asked them to tell
us if they were the same or different, they responded in a manner similar to adults. That
is, like adults, children often responded erroneously that the top halves of the two faces
were different as long as their bottom halves differed. In other words, the children in
our study exhibited holistic perception of faces just like adults do. These findings
indicate that, despite being exposed to people wearing masks and, thus, despite being
deprived of seeing whole faces for part of their day, children’s ability to discriminate
8
between different faces is not adversely affected by this deprivation. This research
strongly suggests that masks worn by others will not have any long-term detrimental
consequences for young children’s ability to perceive identity, emotional, and visual-
speech cues in a social partner’s/interlocutor’s face.
20. Finally, much of the necessary research to determine whether masks are detrimental to
children’s ability to perceive other features of facial information such as, for example,
people’s emotional state has not been done yet. Nonetheless, it is highly unlikely that
masks will have any long-term detrimental effects on children recognition of emotional
expressions in others. This is mainly because, like adults, children tend to focus their
selective attention on a person’s eyes when they are learning how to interact
appropriately with other social partners (Roberson, Kikutani, Döge, Whitaker, and
Majid 2012). In addition, many emotional and other socially important perceptual cues
are produced by eye and head movements as well as the tone of a person’s voice. All
of these cues can be easily perceived in another person who is wearing a mask and,
thus, this is not likely to affect young children’s ability to judge other people’s
emotional state accurately.
21. Based on my research and knowledge of the relevant science, as set forth above,
concerns regarding the impact of masks on school age children’s speech and
development do not warrant limitations on schools from requiring masking, consistent
with the recommendations of the Center for Disease Control and American Academy
of Pediatrics, in order to protect children from COVID-19.
22. I certify under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States that the preceding
is true and correct to the best of my knowledge.
9
Dated this 26th day of September, 2021.
_________________
David J. Lewkowicz, PhD
10
EXHIBIT A
Curriculum Vitae
David J. Lewkowicz
Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut
Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine
Contact Information
Address: Haskins Laboratories
300 George St.
New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Phone: 203-998-2708 (cell)
Email: david.lewkowicz@yale.edu
Education
1979 - 1980 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
1974 - 1979 Ph.D., Biopsychology, City University of New York, NY (Advisor: Gerald Turkewitz)
1970 - 1974 BA, Psychology (with honors), Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
Positions held
2019 - Present Senior Research Scientist, Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
2019 - Present Professor Adjunct, Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven,
CT
2014 - 2019 Professor, Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Northeastern
University, Boston, MA
2014 - 2019 Adjunct Professor, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
2003 - 2014 Professor, Department of Psychology & Center for Complex Systems & Brain Science,
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
2009 Invited Scientist, Centre Européen des Sciences du Goût, Dijon, France
1998 - 2003 Research Scientist VI, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental
Disabilities (NYS Office of Mental Retardation & Dev. Disabilities), Staten Island, N.Y.
Faculty Member of the Neuroscience Doctoral Program, City University of New York
Honorary Visiting Professor, Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College,
Columbia University, N.Y.
1992 Invited Directeur d'Études, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, France; Lecturer,
Department of Psychology, Université René-Descartes, Paris, France
2
1987 - 1998 Research Scientist V, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental
Disabilities (NYS Office of Mental Retardation & Dev. Disabilities), Staten Island, N.Y.
1985 – 1987 Director of Research, Division of Behavioral and Developmental Pediatrics, Department
of Pediatrics, The Evanston Hospital, Evanston, Illinois.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School.
1982 - 1985 Research Scientist, Institute for the Study of Developmental Disabilities, University of
Illinois at Chicago.
Assistant Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago.
1980 - 1982 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY
Visiting Instructor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
1980 Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, New York University, NY
1978 - 1980 Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, NY
Honors & Awards
2013 Invited to deliver a talk at TEDxDelrayBeach, Florida
2010 Researcher of the Year, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic
University
2009 Researcher of the Year, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic
University
2006 Elected President, International Society on Infant Studies
2003 Elected Fellow, Division 7 (Developmental), American Psychological Association
2002 Elected Secretary & Executive Committee Member, International Society on Infant
Studies
2000 Elected Fellow, Association for Psychological Science
1980 Rosenbaum Award for Excellence in Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
1980 Elected to Sigma Xi
1979 - 1980 National Institutes of Mental Health postdoctoral fellowship in the Research Training
Program in Child Mental Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
1978 Elected to Psi Chi Honor Society
1975-1979 City University of New York Graduate Fellowship
1972-1973 Sachar Scholarship to Study Abroad, Brandeis University
1970-1974 Brandeis University Scholarship
3
Research Grants
Current 11/5/2020. National Institutes of Health, R21, Lewkowicz, D. J., (Principal Investigator);
Aslin, R. (co-PI). “Converging Behavioral and Neural Measures of Attention in Human
Infants”.
1/15/2021. National Science Foundation, Principal Investigator, “Development of Attention
in Preschool Children”.
5/1/2018 – 4/30/2022. National Science Foundation, Principal Investigator "Development
of Selective Attention to Multisensory Information in Human Infants”
Completed 3/1/11 - 9/30/2018. National Institutes of Health, R01, Principal Investigator
“Intersensory Perceptual Narrowing in Human Infants”
6/1/08 – 5/31/12. National Science Foundation, Principal Investigator “Development of
Sequence Learning in Infancy”
2012 Florida Atlantic University, Technology Fee Transfer Grant, Principal Investigator,
“Eye Tracking Technology Upgrade for FAU Child Development Lab”
2007 The Unicorn Children’s Foundation, Boca Raton, FL
“The Development of Learning & Communication Skills in Human Infants”
2007 Division of Research & Graduate Studies, Florida Atlantic University, Research
Enhancement Award Program
4/31/99 - 4/30/07. National Institutes of Health, R01, Principal Investigator
“Intermodal Temporal Information Processing”
4/1/01 - 3/31/04. National Institutes of Health, R01, Shinsuke Shimojo, California Institute
of Technology, PI, David J. Lewkowicz, Co-PI
“Development of Auditory-Visual Localization”
4/1/96 - 3/31/01. National Institutes Health, R01, Bernard Z. Karmel, Principal
Investigator, David J. Lewkowicz, Co-Investigator
“Cocaine Effects on Attention and Arousal in Neonates”
8/1/98 - 7/31/2001. National Institutes of Health, R03, Principal Investigator
“The Role of Temporal Contiguity in Perceptual Development”
4/1/93 - 3/31/98. National Institutes of Health, R01, Judith M. Gardner, Principal
Investigator, David J. Lewkowicz, Co-Investigator
“Arousal and Attention in At-Risk Neonates”
9/1/87 - 8/31/90. National Institutes of Health, R01, Principal Investigator
"Development of Intersensory Perception in Human Infants"
3/1/86 - 2/29/87. Research Committee of the Evanston Hospital, Northwestern University
Medical School, Co-Principal Investigator (with Peter Gorski)
"Antecedents of Physiological Distress in Preterm Infants"
3/1/85 - 2/29/87. March of Dimes/The National Foundation, Principal Investigator
“Perception of Temporal Information in Premature Infants"
4
Professional Societies
Association for Psychological Science (Fellow)
American Psychological Association (Fellow)
Society for Research in Child Development
International Society for Developmental Psychobiology
International Congress for Infant Studies (President 2008-2010)
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Professional Service
2017 Scientific Advisory Board, Multisensory Research Forum
2017 Review Panel Member, Society for Research in Child Development biennial conference
2012 Review Panel Member, Autism Centers of Excellence, NIH
2012 Advisory Board Member, Multisensory Research Forum
2012 Scientific Work Group Advisory Member, Sensory Processing Disorders Foundation
2010 - 2012 Past President, International Society on Infant Studies
2008 - 2010 President, International Society on Infant Studies
2007 Committee on Reorganization of the journal Developmental Psychobiology on behalf of
the International Society on Developmental Psychobiology
2005 – 2007 Conference Coordinator for the annual conference of the International Society for
Developmental Psychobiology
2004 - 2008 Board of Directors, International Society for Developmental Psychobiology
2007 Review Panel Member, Society for Research in Child Development conference
2002 - 2006 Secretary & Member of the Executive Committee, International Society on Infant
Studies
1996 - 2010 Executive Committee Member, International Society on Infant Studies
2000 – 2016 Web master, International Society on Infant Studies
2004 – 2019 Listserv administrator, International Society on Infant Studies
2005 Site Visit Member, NSF, Science of Learning Centers
2005 Review Panel Member, NSF, Science of Learning Centers, Catalyst Program
2005 Member, Organizing Committee, International Multisensory Research Forum
conference
2004 Review Panel Member, International Society on Infant Studies biennial conference
2003 Review Panel Member, Society for Research in Child Development biennial conference
2002 Editorial Search Committee for the journal Infancy
5
2000 Member, Organizing Committee of the International Multisensory Research Forum
conference
1999 Review Panel Member, Human Cognition & Perception, NSF
1999 Editor, Special Issue of journal Infant Behavior & Development (Vol. 17)
1996 Review Panel Member, International Conference on Infant Studies
1994 Organizing Committee for the International Conference on Infant Studies (Paris)
1988 Chair, Review Panel on Perception and Attention for the International Conference on
Infant Studies
University Service
2017 - 2018 Member, Admissions Committee, Department of Communication Sciences Disorders,
Northeastern University
2014 – 2018 Member, Tenure and Promotion Committee, Department of Communication Sciences &
Disorders, Northeastern University
2014 - 2018 Member, Merit Committee, Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders,
Northeastern University
2015 - 2018 Member, Comprehensive Exam Committee, Department of Communication Sciences &
Disorders, Northeastern University
2016 - 2017 Chair, Search Committee, Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders,
Northeastern University
2015 Member, Curriculum Committee, Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders,
Northeastern University
2014 – 2015 Member, Search Committee, Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders,
Northeastern University
2014 – 2018 Colloquium Committee, Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders,
Northeastern University
2012 Member, Search Committee, Dean of the College of Science, Florida Atlantic University
2012 – 2013 Member, Committee, Neuroscience Seminar Series, Florida Atlantic University
2011 - 2013 Member, Personnel Committee, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University
2008 - 2013 Website Committee, Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University
2006 – 2007 Chair, Developmental Area Search Committee, Dept. of Psychology, Florida Atlantic
University
2005 – 2006 Member, Developmental Area Search Committee, Dept. of Psychology, Florida Atlantic
University
2003 – 2011 Member, Graduate Committee, Dept. of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University
2006 Member, Dean’s Search Committee for the Development Officer for the Charles E.
Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University
6
1992 - 2001 Member, Internal Research & Review Committee, New York State Institute for Basic
Research
1990 – 1994 Member, Promotions Committee, New York State Institute for Basic Research
1990 – 1991 Member, Committee on Promotions & Appointments Criteria, New York State Institute
for Basic Research
1976 – 1978 Member, Executive Committee, Biopsychology PhD Program, City University of New
York
Granting Agencies Reviewer
National Institutes of Child Health & Human Development
National Institutes of Mental Health
National Science Foundation
Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council of Canada
Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France
Journal Editorial Boards
2014 – present Developmental Science
2013 – present Timing and Time Perception
2008 – present Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience
2005 – present Infancy
1996 – present Developmental Psychobiology
1993 – 1998 Developmental Psychology
2001- 2003 Child Development
Ad Hoc Reviewer
Behavioral Processes
Child Development
Child Development Perspectives
Cognition
Current Biology
Developmental Psychobiology
Developmental Psychology
Developmental Science
Infancy
7
International Journal of Comparative Psychology
Infant Behavior and Development
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
Journal of Neuroscience
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Language Learning and Development
Neuroreport
Perception & Psychophysics
Perceptual & Motor Skills
Philosophical Transactions B
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Psychological Bulletin
Psychological Science
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Frontiers in Neuroscience
Perspectives in Child Development
External Examiner for Ph.D. theses:
Virginia Technical University & Institute
Florida International University
University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
University of Massachusetts, Boston
Mentoring
Postdoctoral Fellows
2016 – 2017 Hillary Hadley, Ph.D.
2015 – 2017 Glenda Molina Onario, Ph.D.
2015 – 2016 Maxim Bushmakin, Ph.D.
2014 – 2015 Anne Hillairet de Boisferon, Ph.D.
2012 – 2014 Melissa Brandon, Ph.D.
2002 – 2004 Stuart Marcovitch, Ph.D. - currently Professor, Univ. of North Carolina,
Greensboro
2003 – 2004 Janet Boseovski, Ph.D.- currently Associate Professor, Univ. of North Carolina, Greensboro
8
2001 Bena Schwartz, Ph.D.
2001 Rachel Morgan, Ph.D.
2000 Linnea Dickson, Ph.D.- currently Assoc. Undergraduate Director of Psychology, Rutgers
University
1999 – 2000 Kimberly Kraebel, Ph.D. - currently Associate Professor, SUNY Cortland
Graduate Students
2020 – present Tristan Yates (Ph.D., Yale University)
2013 – 2015 Jaclyn Forlano (Masters, Northeastern, committee member)
2010 – 2015 Amy Tift (Ph.D., FAU, primary advisor)
2010 – 2015 Nicholas Minar (Ph.D., FAU, primary advisor)
2005 – 2008 Ryan Sowinski (Masters, FAU, primary advisor)
2005 – 2008 Silvia Place (Masters, FAU, primary advisor)
2002 Lars Ross (Ph.D., CUNY, primary advisor)
1993 – 1995 Adam Anderson (Ph.D., CUNY; primary advisor; transferred to Yale)
Student Research Assistants (FAU, NEU,
Haskins)
Lamiya Khan Laura Londono Tara Kane
Genesis Guzman Melinda Pompeo Sabie Marcellus
Micallia Wilson Adam Chen Eliza Zijin
Rachel Holzberg Jennifer Bogart Tobias Kremsmyer
Samantha Shumaker Matthew Stichman Caralyn Zeltner
Hollie Hirsch Ramon Lefebre Victoria Miller-Browne
Ashley Ajon Daniella Marie Coello Allie Overoye
Autumn Jordan Megan Romanczyk Jeffrey Sun
Rebecca Adler Anni Rong Anna Paterson
Juliana Orrego Carmen Shaw Leah Mason
Lauren Dunnder (Honors) Aishwarya Tripathi Aika Misawa
Ariel Barber Sonali Singal Renee Dembo
Jessica Lefebvre Callie Marsalisi Caleb Cohen
Emily Rubin Megan Romanczyk Stephanie Owusu
Samantha Lewis-Solar Sophie Kronen
Staff (Grant Supported & Supervised)
2021 - Present Laurel Whitfield (Haskins, lab manager, supported by NSF grant funds)
2019 – 2021 Nicole Cuneo (Haskins, lab manager, supported by NSF grant funds)
2018 – 2019 Vishakha Agrawal (NEU, lab manager, supported by NSF grant funds)
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2017 - 2018 Maire Diemer (NEU, lab manager, supported by NEU & NIH grant funds)
2016 -2017 Kristina McCarthy (NEU, lab manager, supported by NIH funds)
2015 Elizabeth Chen (NEU, lab manager, supported by NIH funds)
2008 – 2014 Kelly Henning (FAU, lab manager, supported by NIH & NSF grant funds)
2006 – 2008 Erinn F. Beck (FAU lab manager, supported by NIH grant funds)
2004 – 2005 Jennifer Hughes (FAU; lab manager, supported by NIH grant funds)
1987 - 2003 Marcia Dabbene (NYS Institute for Basic Research, lab manager, supported by NIH &
New York State grant funds)
Papers in Refereed Journals
Gardner, J., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Turkewitz, G. (1977). Development of postural asymmetry in premature
infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 10, 471-480.
Lewkowicz, D. J., Gardner, J., & Turkewitz, G. (1979). Lateral differences and head turning responses to
somesthetic stimulation in premature human infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 12, 607-614.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1980). A method for adapting headphones for use with infants. Infant Behavior and
Development, 3, 283-284.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Turkewitz, G. (1980). Cross-modal equivalence in early infancy: auditory-visual
intensity matching. Developmental Psychology, 16, 597-607.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Turkewitz, G. (1981). Intersensory interaction in newborns: Modification of visual
preferences following exposure to sound. Child Development, 52, 827-832.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Turkewitz, G. (1982). Influence of hemispheric specialization in sensory processing
on reaching in infants: Age and gender related effects. Developmental Psychology, 18, 301-308.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1985). Bisensory response to temporal frequency in 4-month-old infants.
Developmental Psychology, 21, 306-317.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1985). Developmental changes in infants' response to temporal frequency.
Developmental Psychology, 21, 858-865.
Gardner, J. M., Lewkowicz, D. J., Rose, S. A., & Karmel, B. Z. (1986). Effects of visual and auditory
stimulation on subsequent visual preferences in neonates. International Journal of Behavioural
Development, 9, 251-263.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1986). Developmental changes in infants' bisensory response to synchronous
durations. Infant Behavior and Development, 9, 335-353.
10
Gorski, P. A., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Huntington, L. (1987). Advances in neonatal and infant behavioral
assessment: toward a comprehensive evaluation of early patterns of development. Journal of
Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 8, 39-50.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1988). Sensory dominance in infants I: Six-month-old infants' response to auditory-
visual compounds. Developmental Psychology, 24, 155-171.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1988). Sensory dominance in infants II: Ten-month-old infants' response to auditory-
visual compounds. Developmental Psychology, 24, 172-182.
Gorski, P.A., Huntington L., & Lewkowicz, D.J., (1990). Handling preterm infants in hospitals. Stimulating
controversy about timing of stimulation. Clinical Perinatology, 17(1), 103-112.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1992). Infants' response to temporally-based intersensory equivalence: The effect of
synchronous sounds on visual preferences for moving stimuli. Infant Behavior and Development, 15,
297-324.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1992). Infant responsiveness to the auditory and visual attributes of a
sounding/moving stimulus. Perception & Psychophysics, 52, 519-528.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1993). Le rôle des indices spécifiques de modalité dans la perception des
équivalences intermodales chez les bébés. Psychologie Française, 38(1), 33-40.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1994). Limitations on infants' response to rate-based auditory-visual relations.
Developmental Psychology, 30, 880-892 .
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1994). Reflections on infants' response to temporally based intersensory
equivalence: Response to Spelke. Infant Behavior and Development, 17, 287-290.
Lickliter, R. & Lewkowicz, D. J. (1995). Intersensory experience and early perceptual development:
Attenuated prenatal sensory stimulation affects postnatal auditory and visual responsiveness in
bobwhite quail chicks. Developmental Psychology, 31, 609-618.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Lickliter, R.(1995). A dynamic systems approach to the development of cognition and
action: Book review. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 7, 512-514.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1996). Infants' response to the audible and visible properties of the human face: I.
Role of lexical/syntactic content, temporal synchrony, gender, and manner of speech. Developmental
Psychology, 32, 347-366.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1996). Perception of auditory-visual temporal synchrony in human infants. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 22, 1094-1106.
Lickliter, R., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Columbus, R. F. (1996). Intersensory experience and early perceptual
development: The role of spatial contiguity in bobwhite quail chicks’ responsiveness to multimodal
maternal cues. Developmental Psychobiology, 29, 403-416.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1998). Infants' response to the audible and visible properties of the human face: II.
Discrimination of differences between singing and adult-directed speech. Developmental Psychobiology,
32, 261-274.
11
Columbus, R. F., Sleigh, M. J., Lickliter, R., & Lewkowicz, D. J. (1998). Unimodal sensory experience
interferes with responsiveness to the spatial contiguity of multimodal maternal cues in bobwhite quail
chicks. Infant Behavior & Development, 21, 397-409.
Lewkowicz, D. J., Karmel, B. Z. & Gardner, J. M. (1998). Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on
responsiveness to multimodal information in infants between 4 and 10 months of age. Cocaine: Effects
on the developing brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 846.
Freedland, R., Karmel, B. Z., Gardner, J.M., & Lewkowicz, D.J. (1998). Prenatal cocaine exposure and
stimulus-seeking behaviors between 4- and 10-months: A continuation of poor arousal regulation as
neonates. Cocaine: Effects on the developing brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume
846.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2000). Development of intersensory temporal perception: An epigenetic
systems/limitations view. Psychological Bulletin, 126(2), 281-308.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2000). Infants' perception of the audible, visible and bimodal attributes of multimodal
syllables. Child Development, 71, 1241-1257.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2000). Perceptual development in human infants. Invited book review of “Perceptual
Development”, A. Slater (Ed). American Journal of Psychology, 113(3), 488-499.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2001). Word comprehension and intersensory perception: Putting the cart before the
horse? Developmental Science, 4, 19-21.
Brookes, H., Slater, A., Quinn, P. C., Lewkowicz, D. J., Hayes, R. & Brown, E. (2001). Three-month-old
infants learn arbitrary auditory-visual pairings between voices and faces. Infant and Child Development,
10, 75-82.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Scheier, C. (2001). Situating situated multimodal perception: The relevance of global
arrays to development. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 225-226.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2001). The concept of ecological validity: What are its limitations and is it bad to be
invalid? Infancy, 2(4), 437-450.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2002). Heterogeneity and heterochrony in the development of intersensory
perception. Cognitive Brain Research, 14, 41-63.
Scheier, C., Lewkowicz, D. J., Shimojo, S. (2003). Sound induces perceptual reorganization of an
ambiguous motion display in human infants. Developmental Science, 6, 233-244.
Scheier, C., Lewkowicz, D. J., Shimojo, S. (2003). To bounce or not to bounce? A reply to Slater.
Developmental Science, 6, 243-244.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2003). Learning and discrimination of audiovisual events in human infants: The
hierarchical relation between intersensory temporal synchrony and rhythmic pattern cues.
Developmental Psychology, 39(5), 795-804.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2004). Perception of serial order in infants. Developmental Science, 7, 175-184.
12
Marcovitch, S. & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2004). U-Shaped functions: Artifact or hallmark of development?
Journal of Cognition and Development, 5, 113-118.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2004). Serial order processing in human infants and the role of multisensory
redundancy. Cognitive Processing, 5, 113-120.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Marcovitch, S. (2006). Perception of audiovisual rhythm and its invariance in 4- to
10-month-old infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 48, 288-300.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2006). The decline of cross-species intersensory perception in
human infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 103, 6771-6774.
Neil, P. A., Chee-Ruiter, C., Scheier, C., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Shimojo, S. (2006). Development of
multisensory spatial integration and perception in humans. Developmental Science, 9, 454-464.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Sowinski, R., & Place, S. (2008). The decline of cross-species intersensory perception
in human infants: Underlying mechanisms & its developmental persistence. Brain Research, 1242, 291-
302.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2008). Perception of dynamic & static audiovisual sequences in 3- and 4-month-old
infants. Child Development, 79, 1538-1554.
Zangenehpour, S., Ghazanfar, A. A. Lewkowicz, D. J., & Zatorre, R. J. (2009). Heterochrony and cross-
species intersensory matching by infant vervet monkeys. PLoS One, Vol. 4 (1) pp. e4302.
Marcovitch, S. & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2009). Sequence learning in infancy: The independent contributions
of conditional probability and pair frequency information. Developmental Science, 12, 1020-1025.
Pons, F., Lewkowicz, D. J., Sebastian-Galles, N., & Soto-Faraco, S. (2009). Narrowing of intersensory
speech perception in infancy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 106 (26), 10598.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Berent, I. (2009). Sequence learning in infants: Do 4-month-old infants represent
ordinal information? Child Development, 80, 1811-1823.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2009). The emergence of multisensory systems through perceptual
narrowing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(11), 470-478.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2010). Infant perception of audio-visual speech synchrony. Developmental Psychology,
46(1) pp. 66-77.
Lewkowicz, D. J., Leo, I., & Simion, F. (2010). Intersensory perception at birth: Newborns match
nonhuman primate faces and voices. Infancy, 15, 46-60.
Stein, B. E., Burr, D., Constantinidis, C., Laurienti, P. J., Meredith, M. A., Perrault, T. J., Jr., Ramachandran,
R., Röder, B., Rowland, B. A., Sathian, K., Schroeder, C. E., Shams, L., Stanford, R. R., Wallace, M. T., Yu, L.,
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2010). Semantic confusion regarding the development of multisensory integration: A
practical solution. European Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 1713–1720.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2011). The biological implausibility of the nature-nurture dichotomy and what it
means for the study of infancy”, Infancy, 16(4), 331-367.
13
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2012). The development of the uncanny valley in infants.
Developmental Psychobiology, 54(2), 124–132.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Hansen-Tift, A. (2012). Infants deploy selective attention to the mouth of a talking
face when learning speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 109(5), 1431-1436.
Pons, F., Sanz-Torrent, M., Andreu, L., Buil, L., & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2013). Perception of audio-visual
speech synchrony in children with and without specific language impairment. Journal of Child Language,
40, 687-700.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Pons, F. (2013). Recognition of amodal language identity emerges in infancy. Intl. J. of
Behavioral Development, 37(2), 90-94.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2013). Development of ordinal sequence perception in infancy. Developmental
Science, 16, 352-364.
Durand, K., Baudouin, J-Y, Lewkowicz, D. J., Goubet, N., & Schaal. B. (2013). Eye-catching odors:
Olfaction elicits sustained gazing to faces and eyes in 4 month-old infants. PLoS ONE, 8, e70677.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Flom, R. (2014). The audio-visual temporal binding window narrows in early
childhood. Child Development, 85(2), 685-694.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2014). Early experience & multisensory perceptual narrowing. Developmental
Psychobiology, 56(2), 292-315.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Minar, N. J. (2014). Infants are not sensitive to synesthetic cross-modality
correspondences: A comment on Walker et al. (2010). Psychological Science, 25 (3), 832-834.
Pons, F. & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2014). Infant perception of audio-visual speech synchrony in familiar and
unfamiliar fluent speech. Acta Psychologica, 149, 142–147.
Barenholtz, E., Lewkowicz, D. J., Davidson, M., & Mavica, L. (2014). Categorical congruence facilitates
multisensory associative learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1-7.
Lewkowicz, D. J., Minar, N. J., Tift, A. H., & Brandon, M. (2015). Perception of the multisensory coherence
of fluent audiovisual speech in infancy: Its emergence and the role of experience. Journal of Experimental
Child Psychology, 130, 147–162.
Pons, F., Bosch, L., & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2015). Bilingualism modulates infants' selective attention to the
mouth of a talking face. Psychological Science, 26(4), 490-498.
Miller, S. E., Marcovitch, S., Boseovski, J. J., & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2015). Young children’s ability to use
ordinal labels in a spatial memory search task. Merill Palmer Quarterly. 20(6), 661–674.
Hillairet de Boisferon, A., Dupierrix, E., Quinn, P. C., Lœvenbruck, H., Lewkowicz, D. J., Lee, K., & Pascalis,
O. (2015). Perception of multisensory gender coherence in 6 and 9-month-old infants. Infancy. 20(6),
661–674.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2015). In Memoriam: Gerald Turkewitz & his Science. Developmental Psychobiology.
DOI 10.1002/dev.21363
14
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2015). Obituary: Gerald Turkewitz. Infancy. DOI:10.1111/infa.12122.
Barenholtz, E., Mavica, L., & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2016). Language familiarity modulates relative attention
to the eyes and mouth of a talker. Cognition, 147, 100-105.
Hillairet de Boisferon, A., Tift, A.H., Minar, N. J., & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2016). Selective attention to a
talker’s mouth in infancy: Role of audiovisual temporal synchrony and linguistic experience.
Developmental Science. DOI: 10.1111/desc.12381
Murray, M. M., Lewkowicz, D. J., Amedi, A., & Wallace, M. T. (2016). Multisensory Processes: A Balancing
Act across the Lifespan. Trends in Neurosciences. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.05.003
Richoz, A. R., Quinn, P. C., Hillairet de Boisferon, A., Berger, C., Loevenbruck, H., Lewkowicz, D. J., Lee, K.,
Dole, M., Caldara, R., Pascalis, O. (2017). Audio-visual perception of gender by infants emerges earlier for
adult-directed speech. PloS One, 12(1), e0169325. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169325.
Minar, N. & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2017). Overcoming the other-race effect in infancy with multisensory
redundancy: 10–12-month-olds discriminate dynamic other-race faces producing speech. Developmental
Science. DOI: 10.1111/desc.12604.
Lewkowicz, D. J., Schmuckler, M. A., & Mangalindan, D. M. J. (2018). Hierarchical serial pattern learning
in infancy. Developmental Psychobiology. doi:10.1002/dev.21614.
Hillairet de Boisferon, A., Tift, A. H., Minar, N. J., & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2018). The redeployment of
attention to the mouth of a talking face in the second year of life. Journal of Experimental Child
Psychology. doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2018.03.009
Birules, J., Bosch, L., Brieke, R., Pons, F., & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2018). Inside bilingualism: Language
background modulates selective attention to a talker’s mouth. Developmental Science. e12755.
doi:doi:10.1111/desc.12755
Werchan, D. M., Baumgartner, H. A., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Amso, D. (2018). The origins of cortical
multisensory dynamics: Evidence from human infants. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 34, DOI:
10.1016/j.dcn.2018.07.002.
Pons, F., Bosch, L., & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2019). Twelve-month-old infants’ attention to the eyes of a
talking face is associated with communication and social skills. Infant Behavior & Development, 54, 80-
84.
Durand, K., Schaal, B., Goubet, N., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Baudouin, J-Y. (2020). Does any mother’s body
odor stimulate interest in mother’s face in 4‐month‐old infants? Infancy, 25 (2), 151-164.
Birulés, J., Bosch, L., Pons, F., & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2020). Highly proficient L2 speakers still need to
attend to a talker’s mouth when processing L2 speech. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 1-12.
doi:10.1080/23273798.2020.1762905
Dunham, K., Feldman, J. I., Liu, Y., Cassidy, M., Conrad, J. G., Santapuram, P., Suzman, E., Tu , A., Butera, I.,
Simon, D. M., Broderick, N., Wallace, M. T., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Woynaroski, T. (2020). Stability of
Variables Derived From Measures of Multisensory Function in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 125(4), 287-303.
15
Lewkowicz, D. J., Schmuckler, & M., Agrawal, V. (2021). The multisensory cocktail party problem in
adults: Perceptual segregation of talking faces on the basis of audiovisual temporal synchrony. Cognition,
214, 104743.
Lewkowicz, D. J., Schmuckler, & M., Agrawal, V. (under review). The multisensory cocktail party
problem in early childhood: Audiovisual temporal synchrony facilitates perceptual segregation of
multiple talking faces in 3-7 year-old children. Cognition.
Santapuram, P., Feldman, J. I., Bowman, S. M., Raj, S., Suzman, E., Crowley, S., Kim, S. Y., Keceli-Kaysili, B.,
Bottema-Beutel, K., Lewkowicz, D. J., Wallace, M. T., Woynaroski, T. G. (under review). Mechanisms by
which early eye gaze to the multisensory speech influences expressive communication development in
infant siblings of children with and without autism. Mind, Brain, & Education.
Chawarska, K., Lewkowicz, D. J., Feiner, H. , Macari, S., & Vernetti, A. (under review). Attention to
audiovisual speech facilitates language acquisition in infants at low risk for but not in infants at high risk
for autism.
Birulés, J., Martinez-Alvarez, A., Lewkowicz, D. J., de Diego-Balaguer, R., Pons, F. (under review).
Selective attention to a talker’s mouth facilitates non-adjacent dependency learning in 15-month-old
infants.
Edited Books
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Lickliter, R. (Eds.). Development of Intersensory Perception: Comparative
Perspectives, Norwood, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Lickliter, R. (Eds.). Conceptions of Development: Lessons from the Laboratory,
Psychological Press, 2002.
Bremner, A. J., Lewkowicz, D. J., Spence, C. (Eds.). Multisensory Development. Oxford University Press.
2012.
Stein, B. (Ed.). The New Handbook of Multisensory Processing. Lewkowicz, D. J. & King, A. J. (Section
editors: Development, Plasticity, and Evolution). MIT Press. 2012.
Book Chapters
Turkewitz, G., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Gardner, J. (1983). Determinants of infant perception. In J.
Rosenblatt, C. Beer, R. Hinde, M. Busnel (Eds.), Advances in the Study of Behavior. New York: Academic
Press.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Turkewitz, G. (1984). Relationships between motor and processing asymmetries in
the development of hemispheric specialization. In G. Young, C. Corter, S. Trehub, & S. Segalowitz, Manual
Specialization and the Developing Brain. New York: Academic Press.
Turkewitz, G., Gardner, J. & Lewkowicz, D. J. (1984). Sensory/perceptual functioning during early
infancy: The implications of a quantitative basis for responding. In G. Greenberg & E. Tobach (Eds.),
Behavioral evolution and integrative levels. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum Associates.
16
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1989). The role of temporal factors in infant behavior and development. In I. Levin
and D. Zakay (Eds.), Time and human cognition: A life-span perspective. Amsterdam: North Holland. Pp.
9-62.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1991). Development of intersensory functions in human infancy: Auditory/visual
interactions. In M.J. Weiss & P.R. Zelazo (Eds.), Newborn Attention: Biological Constraints and the
Influence of Experience. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing Corp.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1992). The development of temporally-based intersensory perception in human
infants. In F. Macar, V. Pouthas, W. J. Friedman (Eds.), Time, Action, & Cognition: Towards Bridging the
Gap, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1994). Development of intersensory perception in human infants. In Lewkowicz, D. J.
& Lickliter, R. (Eds.). Development of Intersensory Perception: Comparative Perspectives, Norwood, N.J.:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Lickliter, R. (1994). Insights into mechanisms of intersensory development: The
value of a comparative, convergent-operations approach. In Lewkowicz, D. J. & Lickliter, R. (Eds.).
Development of Intersensory Perception: Comparative Perspectives, Norwood, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1999). The development of temporal and spatial intermodal perception. In G.
Aschersleben, T. Bachman, & J. Musseler (Eds.), Cognitive contributions to the perception of spatial and
temporal events (pp. 395-420). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (1999). Infants’ perception of the audible, visible, and bimodal attributes of talking and
singing faces. In D. Massaro (Ed.), Proceedings of the auditory-visual speech processing international
conference. Santa Cruz, California.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Lickliter, R. (2002). Introduction. In D. J. Lewkowicz & R. Lickliter (Eds.). Conceptions
of Development: Lessons from the Laboratory, Psychological Press.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2002). Perception and integration of audiovisual speech in human infants.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Kraebel, K. (2004). The development of intersensory perception and the value of
multimodal redundancy. In G. Calvert, C. Spence, & B. Stein (Eds.), Handbook of Multisensory
Processing. MIT Press.
Ghazanfar A. A. & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2008). The ontogeny and phylogeny of bimodal primate vocal
communication. In Masataka, N., (Ed.), The Origins of Language: Unraveling Evolutionary Forces.
Springer Press. Tokyo. Pp. 85‐110.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2010). The ontogeny of human multisensory object perception. In Naumer, M. J. &
Kaiser, J. (Eds.), Multisensory Object Perception in the Primate Brain. Springer Press.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2010). Nature and nurture in perception. Sage Encyclopedia of Perception. Sage
Publications.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2011). Paradoxical psychological functioning in early child
development. In N. Kapur, (Ed.), The Paradoxical Brain. Cambridge University Press.
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Lewkowicz, D. J. (2012). The development of temporal multisensory perception. In M. M. Murray & M. T.
Wallace. (Eds.), Frontiers in the Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes, CRC Press.
Lewkowicz, D. J. (2012). The role of experience in the development of intersensory perception in human
infants. In Bremner, A. J., Lewkowicz, D. J. & Spence, C., (Eds.), Multisensory Development. Oxford
University Press.
Soto-Faraco, S., Calabresi, M., Navarra, J., Werker, J. F., & Lewkowicz, D. J. (2012). Development of
audiovisual speech perception. In Bremner, A. J., Lewkowicz, D. J. & Spence, C., (Eds.), Multisensory
Development. Oxford University Press.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & B. Röder (2012). The effects of experience on the development of multisensory
processing. In Stein, B. (Ed.). The New Handbook of Multisensory Processing. MIT Press.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & King, A. J. (2012). The developmental emergence of multisensory integration: From
single cells to behavior. In Stein, B. (Ed.). The New Handbook of Multisensory Processing. MIT Press.
Emberson, L. L., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Bavelier, D. (2016). Perceptual development. Sage Encyclopedia of
Theory in Psychology. Sage Publications.
Lewkowicz, D. J. & Bremner, A. J. (2019). The development of multisensory processes involved in the
perception of the environment and the self. In K. Sathian & V.S. Ramachandran (Eds.) Multisensory
Perception: From Laboratory to Clinic, Academic Press/Elsevier.
Invited Lectures & Seminars
• Lateralization of function in the premature human infant. Department of Psychology, Hunter
College, NY 1978.
• Perception of intersensory equivalence in human infants. Department of Psychology, University of
Maryland, Baltimore, 1979.
• Intersensory development in infants. Department of Animal Behavior, American Museum of Natural
History, NY 1979.
• Development of lateral differences in infants. Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, NY 1979.
• Development of intersensory functioning in infants. Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, NY 1979.
• Cross-modal equivalence and the development of intersensory integration. Department of
Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 1980.
• Development of intersensory functions. Invited talk at the Fourth International Conference in
Neuroscience and Education. Teachers College/Columbia University, N.Y. 1982.
18
• The development of intersensory integration in infants. Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine,
Rutgers University, 1989.
• The development of intersensory perception in human infants. Department of Psychology, Stanford
University, 1989.
• Development of temporal processing mechanisms in infants. Invited paper delivered at the NATO
Advanced Research Workshop entitled "Time, Action, and Cognition" in Saint-Malo, France, 1991.
• Development of intersensory perception in human infants. Laboratoire de Psycho-biologie de
l'Enfant, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France, 1991.
• Hearing and seeing in infants: how do they interact? Pitzer College, Claremont, California, 1991.
• Intersensory interactions during early human development. University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada, 1991.
• The role of modality-specific cues in infants' intersensory perception of equivalence. Laboratoire de
Psycho-biologie du Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France,
1992.
• The role of temporal factors in infants' perception of intersensory relations. Laboratoire de
Neurosciences Cognitives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseilles, France, 1992.
• Sensory dominance in infants: Myth or reality. Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de
l'Éducation de l'Enfant, Université René Descartes, Paris, France, 1992.
• The development of intermodal knowledge in infants. Department of Psychology, University of
Sussex, Brighton, England, 1993.
• A voice is a voice except when you put a face on it: Infants' perception of face/voice compounds.
Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, October, 1993.
• The development of temporally based intersensory perception in human infants. Invited lecture
delivered in the Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Blacksburg, Virginia, April, 1994.
• Development of intersensory perception and the role of sensory dominance. Invited lecture
delivered at the Centre for Human Development, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada, February,
1995.
• The development of temporal intermodal cognition. McGill University, Montreal, Canada, February,
1995.
• The development of temporal intermodal perception in human infants. Invited lecture delivered at
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, April, 1995.
• Comparative aspects of intersensory development. Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY,
September, 1995.
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• Development of face/voice perception in human infants: The role of prosody and other temporal
dimensions. Invited lecture delivered at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York,
New York, October, 1995.
• The development of intersensory integration: History, systems, and research findings. Invited
lecture delivered in the Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana,
February, 1997.
• The development of temporal intersensory perception in human infants. Invited lecture delivered
in the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, New York, March, 1997.
• Time and the development of intermodal integration. Invited lecture delivered in the Department of
Biology, Neural Computation Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California,
April, 1998.
• Perception of talking faces in early development. Invited lecture delivered in the Department of
Biology, Neural Computation Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California,
March, 1999.
• Infants’ perception of the audible, visible, and bimodal attributes of talking and singing faces.
Invited plenary lecture delivered at the “Auditory-Visual Speech Processing International
Conference”, University of California, Santa Cruz, August, 1999.
• Intersensory integration in human infants. Invited lecture delivered in the Department of
Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York. December 1, 1999.
• Development of Intersensory Perception in Human Infants. Invited lecture delivered in the
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, March 16,
2000.
• Development of Perception and Cognition in Human Infants. Invited Grand Rounds Lecture,
Department of Pediatrics, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, N.Y., October, 2000.
• Heterogeneity and heterochrony in the development of intersensory perception in human infants.
Invited lecture, Department of Psychology, New York University, February 22, 2001.
• Intersensory perception in human infants: a window into the process of development. Invited
lecture, Sackler Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical Center, NY, May 29,
2001.
• Snippets of time: Do human infants perceive their temporally organized multimodal world in
chunks? Invited lecture, Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA,
July 6, 2001.
• Heterochrony and heterogeneity in the development of intersensory perception in human infants.
Invited lecture, J. B. Pierce Laboratory, Yale University, October, 2001.
• Development of intersensory perception in human infants: Empirical findings and underlying
principles, Invited lecture, Indiana University School of Medicine, March, 2002.
20
• Perception of Multimodal Sequential Structure in Human Infants. Invited lecture in the Cornell
Cognitive Studies Symposium: “Statistical Learning Across Cognition”, Department of Psychology,
Cornell University, April, 2002.
• Development of Temporal Processing Skills in Human Infants. Invited lecture, U. Mass. Medical
School/Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Waltham, MA, August, 2002.
• Development of Temporal Serial Order Perception in Human Infants. Invited lecture, Department of
Psychology, Columbia University, October, 2002.
• The Development of Temporal Perception in Human Infants. Invited lecture, Center for Complex
Systems, Florida Atlantic University, September, 2003.
• How Do Babies Learn About the World Around Them? Invited Lecture in the Frontiers of Science
Lecture Series in the Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University. October,
2003.
• The Development of Multisensory Temporal Perception in Human Infants. Invited lecture,
Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, Nov., 2003.
• The Development of Intersensory Integration in Human Infants. Invited lecture, Department of
Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fl, Nov., 2003.
• The Development of Sequence Learning in Human Infants. Invited colloquium, Department of
Psychology, New York University, New York, March, 2006.
• The Development of Intersensory Perception in Human Infants. Invited colloquium, Department of
Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest University Medical School, Winston Salem, NC, March, 2006.
• Of Monkeys & Men: What Can the Former Tell Us About the Development of Perception in the
Latter?" Invited colloquium, Department of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah,
November, 2006.
• Developmental Narrowing of Face-Voice & Other Forms of Intersensory Perception in Infancy.
Department of Psychology Colloquium, Florida Atlantic University, April, 2007.
• Of Monkeys & Men: What Can the Former Tell Us About Perceptual Development and Experience in
the Latter? Invited lecture in the Vanderbilt Kennedy Center Lectures on Human Development and
Developmental Disabilities, Vanderbilt University. October, 2007.
• Experiential Canalization and its Role in Human Perceptual Development, Invited colloquium,
Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, December 12, 2007.
• How Experience Contributes to the Acquisition of Knowledge in Infancy, Lecture delivered to the
Lifelong Learning Society, FAU, January, 2009.
• The Development of Intersensory Integration in Infancy, Invited Keynote Address, Pediatric
Therapy Network Conference, Long Beach, CA, February, 2009.
21
• The (Surprising?) Effects of Experience on the Development of Multisensory Perception in Humans
and Other Primates, Invited Colloquium, Department of Psychology, Cornell University, February,
2009.
• The (Surprising?) Effects of Experience on the Development of Multisensory Perception in Humans
and Other Primates, Invited Colloquium, Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, March, 2009.
• From Here to There: Developing Systems, Developing Children, and the Science of Change. Invited
Inaugural Address for the Delta Center, Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City,
March, 2009.
• Multisensory Perceptual Narrowing in Primate Development. Invited Colloquium, Department of
Psychology, Université Pierre Mendès, Grenoble, France, October 6, 2009.
• The Development of Sequence Learning in Infancy. Invited Colloquium, Department of Psychology,
Goldsmiths College, University of London, England, October 15, 2009.
• Multisensory Perceptual Narrowing in Primate Development. Invited Colloquium, Center for Brain
& Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, England, October 19, 2009.
• Multisensory Perceptual Narrowing in Primate Development. Invited Colloquium, Department of
Psychology, University of Oxford, England, October 20, 2009.
• Multisensory Perceptual Narrowing in Early Primate Development. Invited Colloquium,
Department of Psychology, University of Barcelona and Department of Communication &
Technology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, October 29, 2009.
• Multisensory Perceptual Narrowing in Primate Development. Invited Colloquium, Department of
Psychology, University of Padova, Italy, November, 2009.
• Multisensory Perceptual Narrowing in Primate Development. Invited Colloquium, Department of
Radiology, University of Lausanne Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland, November 19, 2009.
• Tuning the Infant’s Perceptual System: How Infants Become Experts. Invited Colloquium, Centre
Européen des Sciences du Goût, Dijon, France, November 24, 2009.
• The Development of Sequence Learning in Infancy. Invited Colloquium, Centre Européen des
Sciences du Goût, Dijon, France, November 27, 2009.
• Tuning the Infant’s Perceptual System: How Infants Become Experts. Invited Colloquium,
Laboratoire Psychologie des Actions Langagières et Motrices (PALM) de l'université de Caen Basse-
Normandie, France, December 10, 2009.
• Multisensory Perceptual Narrowing in Early Development. Invited Colloquium, Laboratoire
Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, December 14, 2009.
• Does Nature or Experience Make Babies Smart? Invited Colloquium, Department of Psychology,
Gettysburg College, October 18, 2010.
22
• Experience & the Development of Perceptual Expertise in Infancy. Invited Colloquium, Department
of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, December, 2010.
• Development of Intersensory Perception in Infants and Children. Keynote Speaker, Sensory
Processing Disorder Foundation 13th International Institute and Symposium, Ft. Lauderdale, FL,
October, 2011.
• The Development of Multisensory Speech Perception (& Production) in Infancy. Talk presented at a
symposium in honor of Dr. Michael Posner, Center for Complex Systems & Brain Science, Florida
Atlantic University, December 8, 2011.
• Experience & the Development of Multisensory Perception & Expertise. Invited Colloquium,
Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, March, 2012.
• How Everyday Experience Contributes to the Development of Fundamental Perceptual and
Cognitive Skills in Infancy. Invited Colloquium, TCD Neuroscience Society and ‘Trinity Psychology
50 Master Classes’. Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, June 25, 2012.
• “It’s Neither Nature nor Nurture: Acquisition of Perceptual & Cognitive Skills in Infancy”. Invited
Colloquium, FAU Neuroscience Seminar Series, Oct. 2, 2012.
• “The Critical Role of Experience in the Acquisition of Knowledge in Human Infants”, Invited
Colloquium, Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y., Dec. 4, 2012.
• “Experience & the Development of Face/Voice Expertise in Infancy”, Invited Colloquium,
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada, March 7, 2013.
• “Experience Guides the Development of Multisensory & Unisensory Perception in Infancy” Invited
Lecture, Early Identification of Sensory Processing Disorder and Related Diagnoses Symposium,
The Spiral Foundation, Newton, MA, March 23, 2013.
• “How Experience Contributes to the Development of Face/Voice Expertise in Human Infants”,
Invited Colloquium, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, March 29, 2013.
• “Babies are Smarter than You Think: Perceptual Expertise Begins in Infancy”, Invited Public
Lecture, Vision Sciences Society Annual Conference, Naples, Fl, May, 2013.
• “Experience Guides the Development of Perceptual Expertise in Human Infants”, Bar Ilan
University, Tel Aviv, Israel, May, 2013.
• “Experience Guides the Development of Perceptual Expertise in Human Infants”, Technion, Israel
Institute of Technology, Israel, May, 2013.
• “The Development of Multisensory Communication”, Invited Colloquium, Department of Speech &
Language Pathology & Audiology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, September 26, 2013.
• “Experience & the Development of Perceptual Expertise in Human Infants”, Invited talk, Dept. of
Psychology, University of Western Ontario, Canada, December 6, 2013.
23
• “Why We Must Understand the Development of Multisensory Perception in Infancy to Understand
the Development of Communication", Invited Colloquium, Department of Psychology, Florida
International University, March 4, 2014.
• “The Development of Multisensory Perception in Human Infants”, Invited colloquium, Department
of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, March 7, 2014. Boston, MA.
• “The Development of Multisensory Perception & Communication in Infancy & Beyond”, Invited
Colloquium, Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA, Oct. 29, 2014.
• “The Development of Multisensory Communication Skills in Infancy”, Invited Colloquium,
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, March 5, 2015.
• “Development of Multisensory Perception in Infancy & Beyond”, Invited colloquium, Ecole
d'optométrie, University of Montréal, March 9, 2015.
• “The Development of Multisensory Processing & Communication in Infancy”, Invited Colloquium,
Department of Psychology, Boston College, Boston, MA, September 21, 2015.
• “Development of Multisensory Perception in Infancy & Beyond”, Invited Colloquium, Centre
NeuroQAM, Université du Québec à Montréal, September 25, 2015.
• “Development of Multisensory Perception & Communication”, Invited Colloquium, Department of
Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Brown University, January 29, 2016.
• “The Development of Multisensory Perception in Infancy & the Role of Experience”, Invited
Colloquium, Faculty of Psychology & Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg,
Germany, May 4, 2016.
• “The Development of Multisensory Processing and Attention in Infancy & their Consequences for
Audiovisual Speech Processing”, Invited Colloquium, Project on Child Development, Department of
Psychology, Northwestern University, May 10, 2018.
• “The Role of Multisensory Processing and Selective Attention in Speech & Language Processing in
Infancy”, Invited Colloquium, Prakash Project Group, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 16, 2018.
• “The Role of Multisensory Perception and Selective Attention in Speech & Language Processing in
Infancy”. Invited Colloquium, Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, University Paris Descartes,
Paris, France, May 29, 2018.
• “The Development of Multisensory Processing and Attention and their Role in Audiovisual
Processing”. Invited Colloquium, Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, Sept. 20, 2018.
• “The Development of Multisensory Processing and Attention and their Role in Audiovisual
Processing”. Invited Colloquium, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, October
2, 2018.
24
• “Can Selective Attention to Audiovisual Cues & their Sequential Structure Provide Insights into the
Development of Speech & Language?” Invited talk, Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, March 7 th,
2019.
• “Intersensory Perception”, Invited talk, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of
Padova, Italy, October 21, 2019.
• “The Role of Multisensory Perception and Selective Attention in Speech & Language Acquisition in
Infancy”, Invited talk, Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Padova, Italy,
October 31, 2019.
• “Sequence Learning in Infancy”, Invited talk, Department of Developmental Psychology, University
of Padova, Italy, November 4, 2019.
• “Multisensory Perception and Selective Attention in Infancy and Beyond: Their Role in Speech &
Language Processing and Acquisition”, Invited talk, Department of Psychology, University of Milan
Bicocca, Italy, November 5, 2019.
• “Development of Intersensory Perception”, Invited talk, Center for Mind/Brain, University of
Trento, Rovereto, Italy, November 11, 2019.
• “The Development of Selective Attention, Multisensory Integration, & Sequence Learning in Infancy
& their Consequences for the Development of Speech and Language”, Invited talk, Current Works in
Cognitive Development, Department of Psychology, Yale University, December 4, 2019.
Conference Presentations
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Gardner, J. Lateral differentiation in premature infants. Hunter College, Psychology
Convention, Hunter College, NY 1976.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Sexual exhaustion and recovery in Octopus Vulgaris. Animal Behavior Society, New
York, 1976.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Sexual exhaustion and recovery in Octopus Vulgaris. Hunter College Psychology
Convention, Hunter College, NY 1977.
• Lewkowicz, D. J., Gardner, J. & Turkewitz, G. Lateral differences in the premature infant's response to
perioral stimulation. Eastern Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., 1978.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Turkewitz, G. Intersensory equivalence in three-week-old infants. Eastern
Psychological Association, Hartford, CT 1980.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Turkewitz, G. Intersensory equivalence in young infants. International Conference on
Infant Studies, New Haven, CT 1980.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Turkewitz, G. Hemispheric specialization in processing auditory information during
infancy. Society for Research in Child Development, Boston, MA 1981.
25
• Gardner, J. M., Lewkowicz, D. J., Rose, S. A. Intra- and inter-sensory effects of prestimulation on visual
preferences for different temporal frequencies in newborn infants. Society for Research in Child
Development, Detroit, MI 1983.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Bimodal response to temporal frequency in 4-month-old infants. International
Conference on Infant Studies, NY 1984.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Developmental changes in infants' bisensory response to synchronous durations.
Society for Research in Child Development, Toronto, Canada, 1985.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Transitions in temporal information processing in infants. Paper presented at the
meetings of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, Tours, France, 1985.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Co-organized symposium on "Mechanisms underlying intersensory perception".
Delivered a paper entitled "Developmental changes in intersensory organization". International
Conference on Infant Studies, Los Angeles, 1986.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Developmental changes in infants' response to multisensory compounds. Society for
Research in Child Development, Baltimore, MD, 1987.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Organized symposium on "Sensory dominance in early development". Delivered a
paper entitled "Developmental changes in sensory dominance in infancy. International Conference on
Infant Studies, Washington, D.C., 1988.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Sensory dominance in human infants' response to multisensory information.
International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, Toronto, 1988.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Infants' auditory/visual matching of rate with spatially-static visual stimuli. Society for
Research in Child Development, Kansas City, MO, 1989.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Infants' response to auditory/visual concordance with visually-dynamic stimuli.
Society for Research in Child Development, Kansas City, MO, 1989.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Sensory dominance: Absence of auditory dominance when the visual component of a
compound stimulus is kinetic. International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development.
Jyvaskyla, Finland, 1989.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Developmental changes in human infants' response to kinetic auditory/visual
compounds. Paper presented at the meetings of the International Society for Developmental
Psychobiology, San Francisco, 1989.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Developmental differences in the effect of intersensory learning on auditory/visual
matching. Paper delivered at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Montréal, Canada, 1990.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Organized symposium entitled "Comparative aspects of intersensory interactions in
early development". Delivered paper entitled "Developmental differences in infants' response to
auditory/visual compounds". International Conference on Infant Studies, Montréal, Canada, 1990.
26
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Using combinations of sensory modalities to study infant capabilities. Paper delivered
at the Satellite symposium of the Fifth International Congress of Psychophysiology, Budapest, Hungary,
1990.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The effect of short-term learning on auditory/visual matching in infants. Poster
presented at the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology meeting, Cambridge, England,
1990.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Infants' responsiveness to the audible and visible components of speech. Poster
presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Miami, Fl, 1992.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The development of temporally based intersensory perception in human infants.
Symposium paper delivered at the Society for Research in Child Development Meetings, New Orleans,
1993.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Edmonson, D. Infants' responsiveness to the multimodal properties of the human
face. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development Meetings, New Orleans, 1993.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Perception of auditory-visual synchrony in human infants. Poster presented at the
European Winter Conference on Brain Research, La Plagne, France, March, 1994.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Developmental implications of qualitatively different mechanisms of intersensory
integration. Symposium paper. International Conference on Infant Studies, Paris, France, 1994.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Developmental aspects of the perception of temporally based intersensory equivalence.
Symposium paper delivered at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Paris, France, June, 1994
• Lewkowicz, D. J., Gardner, J., & Karmel, B. Z. The effects of brain damage on the perception of auditory-
visual asynchrony in human infants. European Winter Conference on Brain Research, L’Alpe d’Huez,
France, March, 1995.
• Lewkowicz, D. J., Karmel, B. Z. & Gardner, J. Is responsiveness to multimodal, infant-directed talk
affected by CNS damage and exposure to cocaine? International Conference on Infant Studies,
Providence, R.I., April, 1996
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The temporal basis of multimodal integration. Symposium paper delivered at the
International Conference on Infant Studies, Providence, R.I., April, 1996
• Lewkowicz, D. J., Gardner, J. Karmel, B. Z. The effects of brain injury and cocaine exposure on infants’
response to auditory-visual asynchrony. 26th International Congress of Psychology, Montréal, Canada,
August, 1996.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The development of temporal intersensory perception in human infants. International
Society for the Study of Behavioral Development Conference, Québec City, Canada, August, 1996.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Human infants’ response to the audible and visible features of the face. Paper delivered
at the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, Washington, D.C., Nov., 1996.
27
• Columbus, F., Sleigh, M., Lickliter, R. & Lewkowicz, D. The role of temporal contiguity in bobwhite quail
chicks’ responsiveness to spatial features of multimodal maternal cues. Poster presented at the Annual
meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Washington, D.C., April, 1997.
• Lewkowicz, D. J., Karmel, B. Z., & Gardner, J. M. Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on responsiveness
to multimodal information in infants between 4 and 10 months of age. Poster presentation, NY
Academy of Sciences Conference: Cocaine - Effects on the Developing Brain, Washington, DC, 1997.
• Freedland, R., Karmel, B. Z., Gardner, J.M., & Lewkowicz, D.J. Prenatal cocaine exposure and stimulus-
seeking behaviors between 4- and 10-months: A continuation of poor arousal regulation as neonates.
NY Academy of Sciences Conference: Cocaine - Effects on the Developing Brain, Washington, DC, 1997.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Lickliter, R. The detection of intermodal rate and synchrony relations in 6- and 8-
month-old infants. International Conference on Infant Studies, Atlanta, GA, April, 1998.
• Lewkowicz, D. J., Gardner, J. M. & Karmel, B. Z. Responsiveness to the audible and visible components of
the human face in high-risk & cocaine exposed infants. International Conference on Infant Studies,
Atlanta, GA, April, 1998
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The Development of Temporal and Spatial Intermodal Perception. Cognitive
Contributions to the Perception of Spatial and Temporal Events, Invited talk at a conference at the Max
Planck Institute, Munich, Germany, September, 1998.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The Perception of Intersensory Relations in Human Infancy: How Infants Integrate
Human Faces and Voices. Invited talk given at the Lindamood-Bell 1999 National Research and
Workshop Conference, San Francisco, CA, March, 1999.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Infants’ perception of the audible, visible, and bimodal attributes of talking and singing
faces. Invited plenary lecture delivered at the Auditory-Visual Speech Processing International
Conference. University of California, Santa Cruz, August, 1999.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The Development of Temporally Based Intersensory Integration in Human Infants.
Invited lecture delivered at the Experimental Psychology Society Workshop on Crossmodal Attention
and Multisensory Integration, Oxford University, England, September, 1999.
• Scheier, C., Lewkowicz, D., & Shimojo, S. Perceptual Reorganization of an Ambiguous Motion Display by
Auditory Stimulation in Human Infants: Tracking Eye and Head Movements. Association for Research in
Vision and Ophthalmology, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May, 2000.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Dickson, L. R. Infants’ Perception of Auditory-Visual Duration. International
Conference on Infant Studies, Brighton, England, July, 2000.
• Scheier, C., Lewkowicz, D. J. & Shimojo, S. Perceptual Reorganization of an Ambiguous Motion Display
by Auditory Stimulation. International Conference on Infant Studies, Brighton, England, July, 2000.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The missing (or, at least, neglected) link in developmental studies: The relationship
between the perception of amodal invariants and of modality specific-relations. Invited lecture
delivered at the 2nd Annual Multisensory Research Conference, Tarrytown, New York, October, 2000.
28
• Lewkowicz, D. J., Kraebel, K., Dickson, L. Intersensory Perception of Syllabic Duration in Human Infants,
Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development meeting, Minneapolis, MN, April,
2001.
• Lewkowicz, D. J., Dickson, L., & Kraebel, K. Perception of Multimodal Rhythm in Human Infants, Poster
presented at the Society for Research in Child Development meeting, Minneapolis, MN, April, 2001.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Heterochrony and Heterogeneity in the Development of Intersensory Perception.
Paper presented in a symposium organized by D. Lewkowicz entitled Perceptual Development, at the
European Conference on Developmental Psychology, Uppsala, Sweden, August, 2001.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The Problem of Serial Order in Human Infants: Perception of Temporally Ordered
Multimodal Events. Paper presented at the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology
Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, November 2001.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Schwartz, B. Infants' Perception of Bimodal Temporal Order. Presented at the
International Conference on Infant Studies, Toronto, Canada, April, 2002.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Schwartz, B. Intersensory Perception in Infancy: Response to Competing Amodal and
Modality-Specific Attributes. Presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Toronto,
Canada, April, 2002.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Perception of multimodal sequential structure in human infants. Invited lecture in
symposium entitled: “Statistical Learning Across Cognition”, Cornell University, April, 2002.Lewkowicz.
D. J. Perception of multimodal temporal structure in human infants. Invited lecture at the “Multisensory
Control of Movement” conference, Naples, Florida, April, 2002.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Human Infants’ Perception of Audiovisual Temporal Structure. Talk delivered at the 3 rd
conference of the International Multisensory Research Forum, Geneva, Switzerland, May, 2002.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Perception and integration of audiovisual speech in human infants. Invited talk
delivered at the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Denver, Colorado,
September, 2002.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Infants’ perception of audiovisual rhythm and tempo. Presented at the Society for
Research in Child Development meeting, Tampa, Florida, April, 2003.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Marcovitch, S. Perception of audiovisual sequences in human infants. Presented at
the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, New Orleans, LA, Nov., 2003.
• Ross, L., Lewkowicz, D., Molholm, S., Foxe, J.J.. How the quality of sounds can affect the perception of a
bistable motion event. Annual meeting of the International Multisensory Research Society, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada, June, 2003.
• Ross, L., Molholm, S., Lewkowicz, D., Javitt, D. C., Foxe, J.J. “Swoosh”: How the Quality of Sounds Affect
the Perception of a Visual Motion Illusion. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Cognitive
Neuroscience Society, San Francisco, USA, April, 2004.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Marcovitch, S. Infants’ perception of 4-element audiovisual sequences. Presented at
the International Conference on Infant Studies, Chicago, May, 2004.
29
• Marcovitch, S. & Lewkowicz, D. J. Statistical learning in infancy: Frequency and transitional probability
play independent roles. Presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Chicago, May,
2004.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Perception of serial order from infancy to early childhood. Paper presented in a
symposium organized by D. Lewkowicz entitled: “Perception, Learning and Recall of the Serial
Organization of Events” at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Chicago, May, 2004.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. “The Development of Sequential Processing & the Critical Role of Multisensory
Information”, Talk delivered at the International Multisensory Research Forum meeting, Barcelona,
Spain, June, 2004.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. “The Role of Multimodal Redundancy in Infant Perception of Temporal and Serial
Event Structure”, Symposium paper delivered at the Society for Research in Child Development
meeting, Atlanta, GA, April, 2005.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Symposium entitled: “Multimodal Influences on Infants' and Children’s' Detection,
Discrimination, and Learning About Visual and Auditory Events”, Invited Discussant, Society for
Research in Child Development meeting, Atlanta, GA, April, 2005.
• Marcovitch, S., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Boseovski, J. “The Effect of Order-Relevant Labels in a Simple Spatial
Memory Task”, Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development meeting, Atlanta, GA,
April, 2005.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. “Infants Can Perceive Intersensory Rhythm Equivalence”, Poster presented at the
International Multisensory Research Forum, Rovereto, Italy, June, 2005.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Learning and Cross-Modal Generalization of Temporal Structure in Human Infants.
Poster presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology,
Washington, D.C., November, 2005.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. “Perception of Spatiotemporally Organized Multimodal Sequences in Human Infants”,
symposium paper presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Kyoto, Japan, June, 2006.
• Lewkowicz D. J. & Ghazanfar, A. A. “Perceptual Narrowing in Infancy: The Loss of Intersensory Function
in Human Infants”, symposium paper presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies,
Kyoto, Japan, June, 2006.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. “Narrowing of Intersensory Perception in Human Infants”, Talk delivered at the
International Society for Developmental Psychobiology annual meeting, Atlanta, Oct. 2006.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. “Experience and Perceptual Development: Canalization of Audio-Visual Integration in
Infancy”, Symposium paper presented at the Society for Research in Child Development biennial
meeting, Boston, March, 2007.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. “Developmental Narrowing of Face-Voice Integration in Human Infants”, Invited talk at
a preconference workshop on face processing at the Society for Research in Child Development biennial
meeting, Boston, March, 2007.
30
• Lewkowicz, D. J. “Are Infants Selectively Tuned to Intersensory Unity?”, Poster presented at the annual
meeting of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, San Diego, C. A., November,
2007.
• Zangenehpour, S, Lewkowicz, D. J, Ghazanfar, A. A., and Zatorre, R.J. (2007). Intersensory integration of
socially relevant and irrelevant stimuli in young vervet monkeys. Society for Neuroscience abstracts.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Berent, I. “Sequence Learning in 4 Month-Old Infants: Do Infants Represent Ordinal
Information?”, Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the International Society on Infant Studies,
Vancouver, Canada, March, 2008.
• Lewkowicz, D. J., Sowinski, R., & Place, S. Developmental Narrowing of Intersensory Perception in
Human Infants: Exploring the Separate Roles of Intersensory and Unisensory Processing Mechanisms.
Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the International Society on Infant Studies, Vancouver,
Canada, March, 2008.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Narrowing of Intersensory Responsiveness to Multisensory Faces in Infancy Pre-
conference on the Development of Face Processing. Society for Research in Child Development, Denver,
CO, April, 2009.
• Pons, F., Lewkowicz, D. J., Soto-Faraco, S., & Sebastian-Galles, N. Narrowing of Intersensory Speech
Perception in Infancy. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child
Development, Denver, Co., April, 2009.
• Lewkowicz, D. J., Leo, I., & Simion, F. Can Newborns Integrate the Faces and Voices of Other Primates?
Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Denver, Co.,
April, 2009.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Organized symposium entitled: “The Developmental of Intersensory Integration” and
presented paper entitled: “Narrowing of Intersensory Perception in Early Development” at the 10 th
International Multisensory Research Forum, New York, June, 2009.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Narrowing of Multisensory Perception in Human and Non-Human Primates.
Symposium paper delivered at the International Society on Infant Studies, Baltimore, MD, March, 2010.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Discussion paper delivered at the symposium entitled: “Developmental Narrowing in
Infants: Evidence From Color-Shape, Face Discrimination, and Language Studies” at the International
Society on Infant Studies, Baltimore, MD, March, 2010.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Participant in the “Undergraduate Lunch with the Leaders”. International Society on
Infant Studies, Baltimore, MD, March, 2010.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Origins or Process: The Developmentalist’s Dilemma. Presidential Address,
International Society on Infant Studies, Baltimore, MD, March, 2010.
• Hansen, A. & Lewkowicz, D.J. The eyes don’t always have it: As infants grow they shift their attention to
the mouth of a talking face. Poster presented at the annual conference of the International Society for
Developmental Psychobiology, San Diego, CA, Nov. 2010.
31
• Lewkowicz, D. J. & Pons, F. Perceptual narrowing and the development of audiovisual speech
perception. Symposium paper delivered at the biennial conference of the Society for Research in Child
Development, Montréal, CA, March, 2011.
• Flom, R. & Lewkowicz, D. J. Development of audio-visual temporal sensitivity between 4 and 6 years of
age. Poster presented at the biennial conference of the Society for Research in Child Development,
Montréal, CA, March, 2011.
• Hansen, A. & Lewkowicz, D. J. Look at my mouth when I'm talking: A developmental shift in infant
attention away from the eyes to the mouth of a talking face. Poster presented at the biennial conference
of the Society for Research in Child Development, Montréal, CA, March, 2011.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The development of perception: A process oriented approach. Symposium paper
delivered at the annual conference of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology,
Washington, DC, November, 2011.
• Minar, N. J., Hansen, A. M., & Lewkowicz, D. J. The role of face-voice synchrony and linguistic experience
in infant attention to talking faces. Poster presented at the annual conference of the International
Society for Developmental Psychobiology, Washington, DC, November, 2011.
• Hansen, A. M., Minar, N. J., & Lewkowicz, D. J. The effects of early experience on infant attention to
talking faces. Poster presented at the annual conference of the International Society for Developmental
Psychobiology, Washington, DC, November, 2011.
• Durand, K., Baudouin, J.-Y., Goubet, N., Lewkowicz, D. J., Monnot, S., Schaal, B. Olfactory modulation of
visual behavior in 4 month-old infants: Maternal odor affects visual exploration and enhances
preference for mother’s face. Poster presented at the annual conference of the International Society for
Developmental Psychobiology, Washington, DC, November, 2011.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Avoiding the trap of extraordinary claims in developmental studies: A focus on process
not origins. Symposium paper delivered at the Jean Piaget Society annual conference, Toronto, Canada,
May, 2012.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The importance of experience in unisensory and multisensory narrowing in infancy.
Symposium paper delivered at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Minneapolis, MN, June,
2012.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Infant learning of ordinal sequential relations in the absence of statistical cues. Poster
presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Minneapolis, MN, June, 2012.
• Hansen-Tift, A., Minar, N., & Lewkowicz, D. J. Infants shift their attention to the mouth of a talking face
when learning to talk. Poster presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Minneapolis,
MN, June, 2012.
• Mangalindan, D., Lewkowicz, D. & Schmuckler, M. Infants’ apprehension of higher-order hierarchical
structure in audiovisual events. Poster presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies,
Minneapolis, MN, June, 2012.
32
• Minar, N., Hansen-Tift, A., & Lewkowicz, D. J. Development of intersensory matching of fluent speech in
infancy. Poster presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Minneapolis, MN, June,
2012.
• Durand, K., Schaal, B., Goubet, N., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Baudouin, J-Y. Olfactory-visual interaction in
infancy: Do familiar odors influence how 4-month-old infants look at familiar and novel faces? Poster
presented at the International Conference on Infant Studies, Minneapolis, MN, June, 2012.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The critical role of experience in the early development of multisensory perception.
Symposium paper delivered at the International Multisensory Research Forum conference, University
of Oxford, England, June, 2012.
• Hansen-Tift, A., Minar, N., & Lewkowicz, D. J. The role of voice and motion cues in infants’ shifting
patterns of selective attention to talking faces. Poster presented at the annual conference of the
International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, New Orleans, LA, November, 2012.
• Minar, N. & Lewkowicz, D. J. Synaesthesia in infancy: Failure to replicate Walker et al. (2010). Poster
presented at the annual conference of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, New
Orleans, LA, November, 2012.
• Tift, A., Minar, N., Lewkowicz, D.J. The Role of Voice and Motion in the Developmental Shift in Infant
Attention to the Mouth of a Talking Face. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child
Development biennial conference, Seattle, WA, April, 2013.
• Flom, R, Lewkowicz, D.J., Barton, R. The Audio-Visual Temporal Binding Window Narrows In Early
Childhood. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development biennial conference,
Seattle, WA, April, 2013.
• Minar, N. & Lewkowicz, D.J. Cross-modality Correspondences Are Not An Innate Aspect of Perception:
Synaesthesia Emerges Late in Infancy. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child
Development biennial conference, Seattle, WA, April, 2013.
• Pons, F., Bosch, L. & Lewkowicz, D.J. Linguistic Experience Modulates Infants’ Selective Attention to the
Eyes and Mouth of a Talking Person. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development
biennial conference, Seattle, WA, April, 2013.
• Minar, N., Tift, A., Brandon, M., & Lewkowicz, D.J. Infants Match Auditory and Visual Fluent Speech.
Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development biennial conference, Seattle, WA,
April, 2013.
• Pons, F. & Lewkowicz, D.J. Infant perception of audio-visual speech synchrony in fluent speech and
effects of experience. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development biennial
conference, Seattle, WA, April, 2013.
• Lewkowicz, D.J. Developmental changes in the perception of audiovisual speech and language and the
role of experience. Symposium talk presented at the Society for Research in Child Development biennial
conference, Seattle, WA, April, 2013.
33
• de Boisferon, A-H, Dupierrix, E., Loevenbruck, H., Lee, K., Quinn, P.C., Lewkowicz, D.J., & Pascalis, O.
Face-voice representation of gender in 3.5- and 6-month-old infants. Poster presented at the Society for
Research in Child Development biennial conference, Seattle, WA, April, 2013.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. How self-generated experience contributes to the development of speech and language
in human infants. Symposium talk presented at the International Multisensory Research Forum,
Jerusalem, Israel, June, 2013.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Development of Audiovisual Temporal Perception & Sequence Learning in Human
Infants. Invited contributor to the TIMELY Workshop on “Development of Timing and Time Perception:
A lifespan perspective.” University Of Granada, Granada, Spain. October 16-17, 2013.
• Tift, A. H., Minar, N., Lewkowicz, D. J. Infants Attend to the Mouth of a Talking Face at 14 & 18 Months of
Age. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child Development biennial conference,
Philadelphia, PA, March, 2015.
• Pons, F., Bosch, L., & Lewkowicz, D. J. Bilingual Infants’ Attention to the Mouth and Eyes of a Talking
Person: The Role of Language Proximity. Poster presented at the Society for Research in Child
Development biennial conference, Philadelphia, PA, March, 2015.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Development of Multisensory Function in Human Infants. Symposium talk presented at
the American Association for the Advancement of Science, San Jose, CA, February, 2015.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The Development of Multisensory Perception in Human Infancy & Underlying
Mechanisms of Change. Invited talk presented at a symposium entitled: “Synesthesia - A Window into
Brain Development”, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, October 23, 2015.
• Pons, F., Bosch, L., & Lewkowicz, D. J. Communication and social abilities are related to 12-month-old
infants’ attention to the eyes of a talking face. Poster presented at the International Congress for Infant
Studies, New Orleans, 2016.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. So Many Developmental Principles: What’s A Guy to Do? Invited talk in an invited
symposium (sponsored by Johnson & Johnson) in honor of Gerald Turkewitz presented at the
International Congress for Infant Studies, New Orleans, 2016.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. The Emergence of Multisensory Selective Attention in Infancy and Its Role in the
Development of Speech and Language. Invited talk delivered at a workshop entitled: “Beyond Language
Learning”, University of Barcelona & University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, September, 2016.
• Werchan, D., Baumgartner, H.A., Martino, R., Lewkowicz, D.J., & Amso, D. Unisensory and Multisensory
Processing in Cortex. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child
Development, Austin, TX, April, 2017.
• Gangi, D. N., Messinger, D.S., Martin, K. B., & Lewkowicz, D. J. Developmental Differences in the
Temporal Dependency of Infants’ Individual Looks. Poster presented at the biennial meeting of the
Society for Research in Child Development, Austin, TX, April, 2017.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Development of Multisensory Processing in Infancy & Early Childhood. Symposium
talk. Multisensory Research Forum, Nashville, TN, May, 2017.
34
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Development of Speech and Language in Infancy: An Action-Based, Multisensory,
Selective-Attention Perspective. Invited Keynote Address. Workshop on Infant Language Development,
Basque Center on Cognition, Brain, & Language, Bilbao, Spain, June, 2017.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. To Be a Synesthete or Not: Can Infants Answer this Question? Invited talk delivered at
the American Synesthesia Association Conference. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, October 7,
2017.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Development of Multisensory Perception and Attention in Infancy and Why It Matters
for Cognitive and Social Development. Symposium paper delivered at the Jean Piaget Society
conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, May 31, 2018.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Early Experience Shapes the Development of Selective Attention and Multisensory
Processing in Human Infants. Symposium paper delivered at the International Multisensory Research
Forum conference, Toronto, Canada, June 16, 2018.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Serial Pattern Learning in Infancy. Invited talk. Workshop on Statistical Learning,
Québec City, Canada, August 20, 2018.
• Lewkowicz, D. J. Discussant. Workshop on Statistical Learning., Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT,
December, 2018.
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