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Missouri Edmo 4 21 Cv 01300 8Th 21 3725 Doc 009 Att 05

Filed June 30, 2021 in Federal Contractor Mandates; one of 57 filings from this case.

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CourtU.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
Filed2021-06-30

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · No. 4:21-cv-01300-DDN · Doc. 9-5 · 2021-06-30 · Docket on CourtListener

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EXHIBIT 
E 
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DECLARATION OF DR. JAYANTA BHATTACHARYA 
I, Dr. Jayanta Bhattacharya, declare as follows: 
1. I am an adult of sound mind and make this statement voluntarily, based upon my 
knowledge, education, and experience. 
EXPERIENCE & CREDENTIALS 
2. I am a former Professor of Medicine and current Professor of Health Policy at Stanford 
University School of Medicine and a research associate at the National Bureau of 
Economic Research. I am also Director of Stanford’s Center for Demography and 
Economics of Health and Aging. I hold an M.D. and Ph.D. from Stanford University. I 
have published 154 scholarly articles in peer-reviewed journals in the fields of medicine, 
economics, health policy, epidemiology, statistics, law, and public health, among others. 
My research has been cited in the peer-reviewed scientific literature more than 11,800 
times. My curriculum vitae is attached to this declaration as Exhibit A. 
3. I have dedicated my professional career to the analysis of health policy, including 
infectious disease epidemiology and policy, and the safety and efficacy of medical 
interventions. I have studied extensively and commented publicly on the necessity and 
safety of vaccine requirements for those who have contracted and recovered from 
COVID-19 (individuals who have “natural immunity”). I am intimately familiar with the 
emergent scientific and medical literature on this topic and pertinent government policy 
responses to the issue both in the United States and abroad. 
4. My assessment of vaccine immunity is based on studies related to the efficacy and safety 
of the one vaccine to receive full approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 
and the two vaccines for which the FDA has granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) 
for use in the United States. These include two mRNA-technology vaccines (manufactured 
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by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) and an adenovirus-vector vaccine technology 
(manufactured by Johnson & Johnson). Of those, the Pfizer vaccine, also known as 
Comirnaty, has full FDA approval. 
5. I have not and will not receive any financial or other compensation to prepare this 
Declaration or to testify in this case. Nor have I received compensation for preparing 
declarations or reports or for testifying in any other case related to the COVID-19 pandemic 
or any personal or research funding from any pharmaceutical company. My participation 
here has been motivated solely by my commitment to public health, just as my involvement 
in other cases has been. 
6. I have been asked to provide my opinion on several matters: 
• Whether, based on the current medical and scientific knowledge, immunity after 
COVID recovery (sometimes referred to as natural immunity) is categorically inferior 
to vaccine immunity to prevent reinfection and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; 
• Whether, based on the existing medical and scientific understanding of SARS-CoV-2 
transmission and recovery, there is any categorical distinction between natural 
immunity and vaccine immunity. 
7. I can summarize my opinions briefly. The scientific evidence strongly indicates that the 
recovery from COVID disease provides strong and lasting protection against severe disease 
if reinfected, at least as good and likely better than the protection offered by the COVID 
vaccines. While the COVID vaccines are effective at protecting vaccinated individuals 
against severe disease, they provide only short-lasting and limited protection versus 
infection and disease transmission. Requiring vaccines for COVID recovered patients thus 
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provides only a limited benefit while exposing them to the risks associated with the 
vaccination. 
OPINIONS 
I. 
Natural Immunity Provides Durable Protection Against Reinfection and Against 
Severe Outcomes If Reinfected; COVID-19 Vaccines Provide Limited Protection 
Against Infection but Durable Protection Against Severe Outcomes if Infected. 
 
8. Both vaccine-mediated immunity and natural immunity after recovery from COVID 
infection provide extensive protection against severe disease from subsequent SARS-CoV-
2 infection. There is no reason to presume that vaccine immunity provides a higher level 
of protection than natural immunity. Since vaccines arrived one year after the disease, there 
is stronger evidence for long-lasting immunity from natural infection than from the 
vaccines. 
9. Both types of immunity are based on the same basic immunological mechanism—
stimulating the immune system to generate an antibody response. In clinical trials, the 
efficacy of those vaccines was initially tested by comparing the antibody levels in the blood 
of vaccinated individuals to those who had natural immunity. Later Phase III studies of the 
vaccines established 94%+ clinical efficacy of the mRNA vaccines against severe COVID 
illness.1,2 A Phase III trial showed 85% efficacy for the Johnson & Johnson adenovirus-
                                                     
1 Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., 
Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., McGettigan, J., Khetan, S., Segall, N., Solis, J., Brosz, 
A., Fierro, C., Schwartz, H., Neuzil, K., Corey, L., Zaks, T. for the COVE Study Group (2021). 
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. The New England Journal of 
Medicine, 384(5), 403-416. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2035389   
2 Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Perez, J. L., 
Pérez Marc, G., Moreira, E. D., Zerbini,  C., Bailey, R., Swanson, K. A., Roychoudhury, S., Koury, 
K., Li, P., Kalina, W. V., Cooper, D., Frenck, R. W. Jr., Hammitt, L. L., Gruber, W. C. (2020). 
Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. The New England Journal of 
Medicine, 387(27), 2603-2615.  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2034577 
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based vaccine against severe disease.3 
10. Immunologists have identified many immunological mechanisms of immune protection 
after recovery from infections. Studies have demonstrated prolonged immunity with 
respect to memory T and B cells,4 bone marrow plasma cells,5 spike-specific neutralizing 
antibodies,6 and IgG+ memory B cells7 following naturally acquired immunity. 
                                                     
3 Sadoff, J., Gray, G., Vandebosch, A., Cárdenas, V., Shukarev, G., Grinsztejn, B., Goepfert, 
P. A., Truyers, C., Fennema, H., Spiessens, B., Offergeld, K., Scheper, G., Taylor, K. L., Robb, M. 
L., Treanor, J., Barouch, D. H., Stoddard, J., Ryser, M. F., Marovich,  M. A., Douoguih, M. for the 
ENSEMBLE Study Group. (2021). Safety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine 
against Covid-19. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384(23), 2187-2201. doi: 
10.1056/NEJMoa2101544 
4 Dan, J. M., Mateus, J., Kato, Y., Hastie, K. M., Yu, E. D., Faliti, C. E., Grifoni, A., Ramirez, 
S. I., Haupt, S., Frazier, A., Nakao, C., Rayaprolu, V., Rawlings, S. A., Peters, B., Krammer, F., 
Simon, V., Saphire, E. O., Smith, D. M., Weiskopf, D., Crotty, S. (2021). Immunological memory 
to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection. Science, 371, 1-13. doi: 
10.1126/science.abf4063 (finding that memory T and B cells were present up to eight months after 
infection, noting that “durable immunity against secondary COVID-19 disease is a possibility in 
most individuals”). 
5 Turner, J. S., Kim, W., Kalaidina, E., Goss, C. W., Rauseo, A. M., Schmitz, A. J., Hansen, 
L., Haile, A., Klebert, M. K., Pusic, I., O’Halloran, J. A., Presti, R. M. & Ellebedy, A. H. (2021). 
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans. Nature, 
595(7867), 421-425. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03647-4 (study analyzing bone marrow plasma 
cells of recovered COVID-19 patients reported durable evidence of antibodies for at least 11 
months after infection, describing “robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune response 
in humans”); Callaway, E. (2021, May 26). Had COVID? You’ll probably make antibodies for a 
lifetime. 
Nature. 
 
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01442-
9#:~:text=Many%20people%20who%20have%20been,recovered%20from%20COVID%2D191 
(“The study provides evidence that immunity triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection will be 
extraordinarily long-lasting” and “people who recover from mild COVID-19 have bone-marrow 
cells that can churn out antibodies for decades”). 
6 Ripperger, T. J., Uhrlaub, J. E., Watanabe, M., Wong, R., Castaneda, Y., Pizzato, H. A., 
Thompson, M. R., Bradshaw, C., Weinkauf, C. C., Bime, C., Erickson, H. L., Knox, K., Bixby, 
B., Parthasarathy, S., Chaudhary, S., Natt, B., Cristan, E., El Aini, T., Rischard, F., Bhattacharya, 
D. (2020). Orthogonal SARS-CoV-2 serological assays enable surveillance of low-prevalence 
communities and reveal durable humor immunity. Immunity, 53(5), 925-933. doi: 
10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.004 (study finding that spike and neutralizing antibodies remained 
detectable 5-7 months after recovering from infection). 
7 Cohen, K. W., Linderman, S. L., Moodie, Z., Czartoski, J., Lai, L., Mantus, G., Norwood, C., 
Nyhoff, L. E., Edara, V. V., Floyd, K., De Rosa, S. C., Ahmed, H., Whaley, R., Patel, S. N., 
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11. Multiple extensive, peer-reviewed studies comparing natural and vaccine immunity have 
now been published. These studies overwhelmingly conclude that natural immunity 
provides equivalent or greater protection against severe infection than immunity generated 
by mRNA vaccines (Pfizer and Moderna). 
12. Specifically, studies confirm the efficacy of natural immunity against reinfection of 
COVID-198 and show that the vast majority of reinfections are less severe than first-time 
                                                     
Prigmore, B., Lemos, M. P., Davis, C. W., Furth, S., O’Keefe, J., McElrath, M. J. (2021). 
Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection 
with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T cells. medRxiv, Preprint. (study of 254 
recovered COVID patients over 8 months “found a predominant broad-based immune memory 
response” and “sustained IgG+ memory B cell response,  which bodes well for rapid antibody 
response upon virus re-exposure.” “Taken together, these results suggest that broad and effective 
immunity may persist long-term in recovered COVID-19 patients”). 
8 Shrestha, N. K., Burke, P. C., Nowacki, A. S., Terpeluk, P. & Gordon, S. M. (2021). 
Necessity of COVID-19 vaccination in previously infected individuals. medRxiv, Preprint. doi: 
10.1101/2021.06.01.21258176 (“not one of the 1359 previously infected subjects who remained 
unvaccinated had a SARS-CoV-2 infection over the duration of the study” and concluded that  those 
with natural immunity are “unlikely to benefit from COVID-19 vaccination”); Perez, G., Banon, 
T., Gazit, S., Moshe, S. B., Wortsman, J., Grupel, D., Peretz, A., Tov, A. B., Chodick, G., Mizrahi-
Reuveni, M., & Patalon, T. (2021). A 1 to 1000 SARS-CoV-2 reinfection proportion in members 
of a large healthcare provider in Israel: A preliminary report. medRxiv, Preprint.  doi: 
10.1101/2021.03.06.21253051 (Israeli study finding that approximately 1/1000 of participants 
were reinfected); Bertollini, R., Chemaitelly, H., Yassine, H. M., Al-Thani, M. H., Al-Khal, A., & 
Abu-Raddad, L. J. (2021). Associations of vaccination and of prior infection with positive PCR 
test results for SARS-CoV-2 in airline passengers arriving in Qatar. JAMA, 326(2), 185-188. doi: 
10.1001/jama.2021.9970 (study of international airline passengers arriving in Qatar found no 
statistically significant difference in risk of reinfection between those who had been vaccinated 
and those who had previously been infected); Pilz, S., Chakeri, A., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Richter, L., 
Theiler-Schwetz, V., Trummer, C., Krause, R., Allerberger, F. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 re-infection 
risk in Austria. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 51(4), 1-7. doi: 10.1111/eci.13520  
(previous SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced the odds of re-infection by 91% compared to first 
infection in the remaining general  population); Breathnach, A. S., Duncan, C. J. A., El Bouzidi, 
K., Hanrath, A. T., Payne, B. A. I., Randell, P. A., Habibi, M. S., Riley, P. A., Planche, T. D., 
Busby, J. S., Sudhanva, M., Pallett, S. J. C. & Kelleher, W. P. (2021). Prior COVID-19 protects 
against reinfection, even in the absence of detectable antibodies. The Journal of Infection, 83(2), 
237-279. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.05.024 (0.86% of previously infected population in London 
became reinfected); Tarke, A., Sidney, J., Methot, N., Yu, E. D., Zhang, Y., Dan, J. M., Goodwin, 
B., Rubiro, P., Sutherland, A., Wang, E., Frazier, A.,  Ramirez, S. I., Rawlings, S. A., Smith, D. 
M., da Silva Antunes, R., Peters, B., Scheuermann, R. H., Weiskopf, D., Crotty, S., Grifoni, A. & 
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infections.9 For example, an Israeli study of approximately 6.4 million individuals 
demonstrated that natural immunity provided equivalent if not better protection than 
vaccine immunity in preventing COVID-19 infection, morbidity, and mortality.10 Of the 
187,549 unvaccinated persons with natural immunity in the study, only 894 (0.48%) were 
reinfected; 38 (0.02%) were hospitalized, 16 (0.008%) were hospitalized with severe 
disease, and only one died, an individual over 80 years of age. Another study, analyzing 
                                                     
Sette, A. (2021). Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in 
infected or vaccinated individuals, Cell Reports Medicine 2(7), 100355 (an examination of the 
comparative efficacy of T cell responses to existing variants from patients with natural immunity 
compared to those who received an mRNA vaccine  found that the T cell responses of both 
recovered COVID patients and vaccines were effective at neutralizing mutations  found in SARS-
CoV-2 variants). 
9 Abu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H., Coyle, P., Malek, J. A., Ahmed, A. A., Mohamoud, Y. 
A., Younuskunju, S., Ayoub, H. H., Kanaani, Z. A., Kuwari, E. A., Butt, A. A., Jeremijenko, A., 
Kaleeckal, A. H., Latif, A. N., Shaik, R. M., Rahim, H. F. A., Nasrallah, G. K., Yassine, H. M., Al 
Kuwari, M. G., Al Romaihi, H. E., Al-Thani, M. H., Al Khal, A., Bertollini, R. (2021). SARS-
CoV-2 antibody-positivity protects against reinfection for at least seven months with 95% efficacy.  
EClinicalMedicine, 35, 1-12.  doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100861 (finding that of 129 reinfections 
from a cohort of 43,044, only one reinfection was severe, two were moderate, and none were 
critical or fatal); Hall, V. J., Foulkes, S., Charlett, A., Atti, A., Monk, E. J. M., Simmons, R., 
Wellington, E., Cole, M. J., Saei, A., Oguti, B., Munro, K., Wallace, S., Kirwan, P. D., Shroti, M., 
Vusirikala, A., Rokadiya, S., Kall, M., Zambon, M., Ramsay, M., Hopkins, S. (2021). SARS-CoV-
2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative health-care workers in 
England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study. The Lancet, 397(10283), 1459-1469.  doi: 
10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00675-9 (finding “a 93% lower risk of COVID-19 symptomatic 
infection… [which] show[s] equal or higher protection from natural infection, both for symptomatic 
and asymptomatic infection”); Hanrath, A. T., Payne, B., A., I., & Duncan, C. J. A. (2021). Prior 
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with protection against symptomatic reinfection. The Journal 
of Infection, 82(4), e29-e30.  doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.12.023 (examined reinfection rates in a 
cohort of healthcare workers and found “no symptomatic reinfections” among those examined and 
that protection lasted for at least 6 months). 
10 Goldberg, Y., Mandel, M., Woodbridge, Y., Fluss, R., Novikov, I., Yaari, R., Ziv, A., 
Freedman, L., & Huppert, A. (2021). Protection of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar to 
that of BNT162b2. vaccine protection: A three-month nationwide experience from Israel. medRxiv, 
Preprint.  doi: 10.1101/2021.04.20.21255670 
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data from Italy found that only 0.31% of COVID-recovered patients experienced a 
reinfection within a year after the initial infection.11 
13. Variants do not escape the immunity provided by prior infection with the pre-variant virus 
or vaccination.12, 13, 14 This is true of the delta variant as well. In a study of a large 
population of patients in Israel, vaccinated people who had not been previously infected 
had 13 times higher odds of experiencing a breakthrough infection with the Delta variant 
than patients who had recovered from COVID but were never vaccinated.15  They had 27 
times higher odds of experiencing subsequent symptomatic COVID disease and 7 times 
higher odds of hospitalization. The design of this Israeli study was particulary strong – it 
tracked large cohorts of people over time from the time of vaccination or initial infection, 
and thus carefully distinguished the effect of time since initial exposure or vaccination in 
                                                     
11 Vitale, J., Mumoli, N., Clerici, P., de Paschale, M., Evangelista, I., Cei, M. & Mazzone, A. 
(2021). Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection 1 year after primary infection in a population in 
Lombardy, 
Italy. 
JAMA 
Internal 
Medicine, 
181(10), 
1407-1409. 
doi: 
10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.2959  
12 Tarke, A., Sidney, J., Methot, N., Yu, E. D., Zhang, Y., Dan, J. M., Goodwin, B., Rubiro, 
P., Sutherland, A., Wang, E., Frazier, A., Ramirez, S. I., Rawlings, S. A., Smith, D. M., da Silva 
Antunes, R., Peters, B., Scheuermann, R. H., Weiskopf, D., Crotty, S., Grifoni, A. & Sette, A. 
(2021).  Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in infected 
or vaccinated individuals, Cell Reports Medicine 2, 100355. 
13 Wu, K., Werner, A. P., Moliva, J. I., Koch, M., Choi, A., Stewart-Jones, G. B. E., Bennett, 
H., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Shi, W., Graham, B. S., Carfi, A., Corbett, K. S., Seder, R. A. & Edwards, 
D. K. (2021). mRNA-1273 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against spike mutants from 
global SARS-CoV-2 variants. bioRxiv, Preprint. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.25.427948 
14 Redd, A. D., Nardin, A., Kared, H., Bloch, E. M., Pekosz, A., Laeyendecker, O., Abel, B., 
Fehlings, M., Quinn, T.  C. & Tobian, A. A. (2021). CD8+ T-cell responses in COVID-19 
convalescent individuals target conserved epitopes from multiple prominent SARS-CoV-2 
circulating variants. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8(7), ofab143.  
15 Gazit, S., Shlezinger, R., Perez, G., Lotan, R., Peretz, A., Ben-Tov, A., Cohen, D., Muhsen, 
K., Chodick, G. & Patalon, T. (2021). Comparing SARS-CoV-2 natural immunity to vaccine-
induced immunity: Reinfections versus breakthrough infections. medRxiv, Preprint. doi: 
10.1101/2021.08.24.21262415 
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estimating its effect.  This is important because both vaccine-mediated and infection-
mediated protection against subsequent infection diminish with time. 
14. In summary, the overwhelming conclusion of the pertinent scientific literature is that 
natural immunity is at least as effective against subsequent reinfection as even the most 
effective vaccines. 
15. Furthermore, based on such evidence, many scientists have concluded that natural 
protection against severe disease after COVID recovery is likely to be long-lasting. A 
survey article published on June 30, 2021, in the British Medical Journal concluded, 
“[t]here is reason to think that immunity could last for several months or a couple of years, 
at least, given what we know about other viruses and what we have seen so far in terms of 
antibodies in patients with COVID-19 and in people who have been vaccinated.”16 
16. These findings of highly durable natural immunity should not be surprising, as they hold 
for SARS-CoV-1 (the virus that causes SARS) and other respiratory viruses. According to 
a paper published in Nature in August 2020, 23 patients who had recovered from SARS-
CoV-1 still possess CD4 and CD8 T cells 17 years after infection during the 2003 
epidemic.17 A Nature paper from 2008 found that 32 people born in 1915 or earlier still 
retained some level of immunity against the 1918 flu strain—some 90 years later.18 
                                                     
16 Baraniuk, C. (2021). How long does covid-19 immunity last? The British Medical Journal, 
373, 1-3. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1605. 
17 Le Bert, N., Tan, A. T., Kunasegaran, K., Tham, C. Y. L., Hafezi, M., Chia, A., Chng, M. 
H. Y., Lin, M., Tan, N., Linster, M., Chia, W. N., Chen, M. I. C., Wang, L. F., Ooi, E. E., 
Kalimuddin, S., Tambyah, P. A., Low, J. G. H., Tan, Y. J. & Bertoletti, A. (2020). SARS-CoV-2-
specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected control. Nature, 584, 
457-462. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2550-z 
18 Yu, X., Tsibane, T., McGraw, P. A., House, F. S., Keefer, C. J., Hicar, M. D., Tumpey, T. 
M., Pappas, C., Perrone, L. A., Martinez, O., Stevens, J., Wilson, I. A., Aguilar, P. V., Altschuler, 
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17. In contrast to the concrete findings regarding the robust durability of natural immunity, it 
is yet unclear in the scientific literature how long-lasting vaccine-induced immunity will 
be. Notably, the researchers argue that they can best surmise the predicted durability of 
vaccine immunity by looking at the expected durability of natural immunity.19 
18. A recent study from Qatar by Chemaitelly and colleagues, which tracked 927,321 
individuals for six months after vaccination concluded that the Pfizer vaccine’s “induced 
protection against infection appears to wane rapidly after its peak right after the second 
dose, but it persists at a robust level against hospitalization and death for at least six months 
following the second dose.”20  
19. The key figures from the Qatari study are reproduced immediately below. Panel A shows 
that vaccine mediated protection against infection peaks at 72.1% zero to four weeks after 
the second dose, and then declines to 0%, 20 weeks after the second dose. According to 
this result, vaccines only protect against infection (and therefore disease spread) for a short 
period of time after the second dose of the mRNA vaccines.  
                                                     
E. L., Basler, C. F., & Crowe Jr., J. E. (2008). Neutralizing antibodies derived from the B cells of 
1918 influenza pandemic survivors. Nature, 455, 532-536. doi: 10.1038/nature07231 
19 Ledford, H. (2021). Six months of COVID vaccines: What 1.7 billion doses have taught 
scientists. Nature, 594(7862), 164-167. doi: 10.1038/d41586-021-01505-x (study notes that “Six 
months is not much time to collect data on how durable vaccine responses will be. . . . In the 
meantime some researchers are looking to natural immunity as a guide.”). 
20 Chemaitelly, H., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Al Mukdad, S., Yassine, H. M., Benslimane, F. M., 
Khatib, H. A. A., Coyle, P., Ayoub, H. H., Kanaani, Z. A., Kuwari, E. A., Jeremijenko, A., 
Kaleeckal, A. H., Latif, A. N., Shaik, R. M., Rahim, H. F. A., Nasrallah, G. K., Kuwari, M. G. A., 
Romaihi, H. E. A., Abu-Raddad, L. J. (2021). Waning of BNT162b2 vaccine protection against 
SARS-CoV-2 infection in Qatar. medRxiv, Preprint. doi: 10.1101/2021.08.25.21262584  
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20. On the other hand, Panel B shows that protection versus severe disease is long lasting after 
vaccination—even though the person will no longer be fully protected against infection 
and, presumably, disease spread. At 20-24 weeks after the second dose, the vaccine remains 
95.3% efficacious versus severe disease. While it appears to dip after 25 weeks to 71.5% 
efficacy, the confidence interval is so wide that it is consistent with no decrease whatsoever 
even after 25 weeks.  
 
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21. The Qatari study is no 
outlier. A large study in 
California 
tracked 
the 
infection rates for nearly 5 
million patients vaccinated 
with two doses of the Pfizer 
mRNA vaccine. The study 
tracked both SARS-CoV-2 
infections as well as COVID-
19 related hospitalizations. 
The 
figure 
immediately 
below plots the trend in 
vaccine efficacy over time 
for different age groups in 
the population cohort. Panel 
A on the right plots effectiveness versus SARS-CoV-2 infections.21 Though the drop in 
effectiveness is not as steep as in the Qatari study, there is nevertheless a sharp drop. While 
in the first month, vaccine effectiveness is near 90% for all age-groups, by month 5, it drops 
to nearly 50% for all the groups. By contrast, Panel B plots vaccine efficacy versus 
                                                     
21 Tartof SY, Slezak JM, Fischer H, Hong V, Ackerson BK, Ranasinghe ON, Frankland TB, 
Ogun OA, Zamparo JM, Gray S, Valluri SR, Pan K, Angulo FJ, Jodar L, McLaughlin JM. 
Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated 
health system in the USA: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2021 Oct 16;398(10309):1407-
1416. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02183-8. Epub 2021 Oct 4. PMID: 34619098; PMCID: 
PMC8489881. 
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hospitalizations. It remains high with no decline over time –near 90% throughout the 
period. The vaccine provides durable private protection versus severe disease, but declining 
protection versus infection (and hence transmission). 
22. Another recent study tracked 620,000 vaccinated US veterans to measure breakthrough 
infections for the three vaccines in common use in the US.22 Like the other studies, the 
authors of the study found a sharp decline in vaccine effectiveness versus infection. Five 
months after vaccination, the effectiveness of the J&J vaccine dropped from ~90% to less 
than 10%; the Pfizer vaccine dropped from ~90% to ~50%; and the Moderna dropped from 
~90% to ~65%. The figure on this page tracks the decline in effectiveness of the vaccines 
against infection over time documented in this study. This study corroborates yet another 
study that documented declining vaccine efficacy in the first three months after vaccination 
                                                     
22 Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Murphy CC, et al. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections in 620,000 
U.S. Veterans, February 1, 2021 to August 13, 2021. medRxiv. October 14, 2021. 
https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.13.21264966;  
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against disease transmission in the era of the Delta variant.23  
23. Yet another study conducted in Wisconsin confirmed that vaccinated individuals can shed 
infectious SARS-CoV-2 viral particles.24 The authors analyzed nasopharyngeal samples to 
check whether patients showed evidence of infectious viral particles. They found that 
vaccinated individuals were at least as likely as unvaccinated individuals to be shedding 
live virus. They concluded: 
Combined with other studies these data indicate that vaccinated and 
unvaccinated individuals infected with the Delta variant might transmit 
infection. Importantly, we show that infectious SARS-CoV-2 is frequently 
found even in vaccinated persons. 
 
24. Indeed, the CDC recognizes the importance of natural immunity in its updated science brief 
analyzing the difference in immunity from infection-induced and vaccine-induced 
immunity.25 The CDC noted that “confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased risk of 
subsequent infection by 80–93% for at least 6–9 months,” with some studies showing 
“slightly higher protective effects (89-93%).”  It also noted that “researchers have predicted 
that the immune response following infection would continue to provide at least 50% 
protection against reinfection for 1–2 years following initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 
or vaccination. This would be similar to what is observed with seasonal coronaviruses.” 
                                                     
23 Eyre, D. W., Taylor, D., Purver, M., Chapman, D., Fowler, T., Pouwels, K. B., Walker, A. 
S. & Peto, T. E. A. (2021). The impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on Alpha & Delta variant 
transmission. medRxiv, Preprint. doi: 10.1101/2021.09.28.21264260 
24 Riemersma, K. K., Grogan, B. E., Kita-Yarbro, A., Halfmann, P. J., Segaloff, H. E., 
Kocharian, A., Florek, K. R., Westergaard, R., Bateman, A., Jeppson, G. E., Kawaoka, Y., 
O’Connor, D. H., Friedrich, T. C., & Grande, K. M. (2021). Shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 
despite vaccination. medRxiv, Preprint. doi: 10.1101/2021.07.31.21261387 
25 CDC, Science Brief: SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Induced and Vaccine-Induced Immunity 
(updated Oct. 29, 2021), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-
briefs/vaccine-induced-immunity.html#anchor_1635539757101 
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25. The CDC science brief does claim that vaccine-induced immunity is stronger than 
immunity from natural infection.26 The study the CDC relies on to support this claim is not 
determinative for several reasons.27 First, its result is contrary to the weight of other 
evidence, as set forth above. Second, the study compared hospitalization of those 
infected—and had natural immunity—90-225 days after their infection while against those 
who had completed their RNA vaccine regime 45-213 days before reinfection. Because 
immunity—regardless of how gained—wanes over time, the failure to adequately compare 
like periods means that the study’s conclusions are biased in favor of vaccine-induced 
immunity. Indeed, the study admits this weakness. Third, the study design itself does not 
permit it to address the critical question of interest – whether COVID-recovery without 
vaccination or vaccination without COVID-recovery provides stronger protection against 
COVID-related hospitalization. The study analyzes only patients who are already in the 
hospital. To obtain an accurate answer to the question of interest, it would need to include 
and analyze patients before entering the hospital. As it is, the study implicitly and 
incorrectly assumes that the set of hospitalized patients with COVID-like symptoms is 
representative of the population at large, which is untrue. 
26. In summary, the evidence to date strongly suggests that while vaccines—like natural 
immunity—protect against severe disease, they, unlike natural immunity, provide only 
short-lasting protection against subsequent infection and disease spread. In short, there is 
                                                     
26 Id. 
27 Bozio CH, Grannis SJ, Naleway AL, et al. Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Among 
Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19–Like Illness with Infection-Induced or mRNA Vaccine-
Induced SARS-CoV-2 Immunity — Nine States, January–September 2021. MMWR Morb 
Mortal Wkly Rep. ePub: 29 October 2021. 
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15 
 
no medical or scientific reason to believe that vaccine immunity will prove longer-lasting 
immunity than natural immunity, much less more durable immunity.  
 
 
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II. 
The CDC’s Recommendation for Vaccination of Recovered COVID Patients Applies 
with Equal Force to Those Who Have Been Previously Vaccinated, Whose Protection 
Against Infection Wanes Within a Few Months After Vaccination. 
27. The CDC, in the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) section of its website encouraging 
vaccination, provides the following advice to previously recovered patients:28 
Yes, you should be vaccinated regardless of whether you already had COVID-
19. That’s because experts do not yet know how long you are protected from 
getting sick again after recovering from COVID-19. Even if you have already 
recovered from COVID-19, it is possible—although rare—that you could be 
infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 again. Studies have shown that 
vaccination provides a strong boost in protection in people who have recovered 
from COVID-19. Learn more about why getting vaccinated is a safer way to build 
protection than getting infected. 
 
28. The text of this advice by the CDC does not address any of the scientific evidence included 
here about the lack of necessity for recovered COVID patients to be vaccinated. While it 
is true that I do not know how long natural immunity after recovery lasts, the 
immunological evidence to date suggests that protection against disease will last for 
years.29 Uncertainty over the longevity of immunity after recovery is a specious reason for 
not exempting COVID-recovered patients from vaccination mandates, since the same can 
be said about vaccine mediated immunity. I do not know how long it will last either, and 
there is no reason to believe it provides longer lasting or more complete immunity than 
recovery from COVID. 
29. Similarly, just as reinfections are possible though rare after COVID recovery, breakthrough 
infections are possible after vaccination, as the CDC’s team investigating vaccine 
                                                     
28 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, September 28). Frequently asked 
questions 
about 
COVID-19 
vaccination. 
Retrieved 
October 
1, 
2019 
from  
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/faq.html 
29 Patel, N. V. (2021, January 6). Covid-19 immunity likely lasts for years. MIT Technology 
Review. 
https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/06/1015822/covid-19-immunity-likely-
lasts-for-years/ 
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17 
 
breakthrough infections itself recognizes.30 On the same CDC FAQ webpage I cite above,31 
the CDC writes about vaccine-mediated immunity, “We don’t know how long protection 
lasts for those who are vaccinated.” 
30. The CDC’s main concern in this FAQ seems to be to help people understand that it is safer 
to attain immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection via vaccination rather than via infection. 
This is a point not in dispute. Rather, the question is whether someone who already has 
been infected and recovered will benefit on net from the additional protection provided by 
vaccination. On this point, the CDC’s statement in the FAQ is irrelevant. Here again, the 
possibility of reinfection does not alter the conclusion that, especially for those who have 
already recovered from COVID, accommodations can be allowed without threatening 
public safety. 
 
 
                                                     
30 CDC COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Case Investigations Team. (2021). COVID-19 
Vaccine Breakthrough  Infections Reported to CDC — United States, January 1–April 30, 2021. 
Morbidity 
and 
Mortality 
Weekly 
Report 
(MMWR), 
70(21), 
792-793. 
doi: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7021e3  
31 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, September 28). Frequently asked 
questions 
about 
COVID-19 
vaccination. 
Retrieved 
October 
1, 
2021 
from  
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/faq.html 
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18 
 
III. 
Conclusion 
31. Based on the scientific evidence to date, those who have recovered from a SARS-CoV-2 
infection possess immunity as robust and durable (or more) as that acquired  through 
vaccination. The existing clinical literature overwhelmingly indicates that the protection 
afforded to the individual and community from natural immunity is as effective and durable 
as the efficacy levels of the most effective vaccines to date. 
32. Based on my analysis of the existing medical and scientific literature, any policy 
regarding vaccination that does not recognize natural immunity is irrational, arbitrary, and 
counterproductive to community health.32 
33. Indeed, now that every American adult, teenager, and child five and above has free access 
to the vaccines, the case for a vaccine mandate is weaker than it once was. Since the 
successful vaccination campaign already protects the vulnerable population, the 
unvaccinated—especially recovered COVID patients—pose a vanishingly small threat to 
the vaccinated. They are protected by an effective vaccine that dramatically reduces the 
likelihood of hospitalization or death after infections to near zero. At the same time, natural 
immunity provides benefits that are at least as strong and may well be stronger than those 
from vaccines. 
34. In conclusion, the emerging evidence from the medical literature finds that COVID-
recovered patients have robust and long lasting immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection 
and that this immunity against infection is better than vaccinated patients who have never 
had COVID. 
                                                     
32 Bhattacharya, J., Gupta, S. & Kulldorff, M. (2021, June 4). The beauty of vaccines and 
natural immunity. Smerconish Newsletter. https://www.smerconish.com/exclusive-content/the-
beauty-of-vaccines-and-natural-immunity 
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35. I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States of America that, to 
the best of my knowledge, the foregoing is true and correct. 
Respectfully submitted, 
 
 
_____________________________ 
Dr. Jay Bhattacharya, MD, Ph.D. 
Professor of Health Policy 
Stanford University 
 
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EXHIBIT 
A 
 
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JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
Address 
Department of Health Policy 
Stanford University School of Medicine 
615 Crothers Way 
Stanford, CA 94305-6006 
 
Phone: (650) 736-0404 
 
Email: jay@stanford.edu 
http://web.stanford.edu/~jay 
 
RESEARCH INTERESTS 
      Health economics, health policy, and outcomes research 
 
A. ACADEMIC HISTORY: 
      Stanford University 
 
A.M., A.B.    1990 
      Stanford University School of Medicine 
M.D.             1997 
      Stanford University Department of Economics                               Ph.D.            2000 
 
B. EMPLOYMENT HISTORY: 
 
2001 – present    Professor (Assistant to Full), Stanford University School of Medicine, 
Department of Economics (by courtesy)  
 
2013 – present    Senior Fellow, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research 
 
2007 – present    Research Associate, Sphere Institute / Acumen LLC 
 
2002 – present    FRF to Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research 
 
2014 – 2021         Senior Fellow Stanford Freeman Spogli Institute 
 
2001 – 2020 
Professor (Assistant to Full) Department of Health Research and Policy (by 
courtesy) 
 
2006 – 2008         Research Fellow, Hoover Institution 
 
1998 – 2001         Economist (Associate to Full), RAND Corporation 
 
1998 – 2001         Visiting Assistant Professor, UCLA Department of Economics 
 
C. SCHOLARLY PUBLICATIONS: 
PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES (154 total) 
1. Yoshikawa A, Vogt W.B., Hahn J., Bhattacharya J., “Toward the Establishment 
and Promotion of Health Economics Research in Japan,” Japanese Journal of 
Health Economics and Policy 1(1):29-45, (1994). 
2. Vogt WB, Bhattacharya J, Kupor S, Yoshikawa A, Nakahara T, "The Role of 
Diagnostic Technology in Competition among Japanese Hospitals," International 
Journal of Technology Management, Series on Management of Technology in 
Health Care, 11(1):93-105 (1995). 
3. Bhattacharya J, Vogt WB, Yoshikawa A, Nakahara T, "The Utilization of 
Outpatient Medical Services in Japan," Journal of Human Resources, 31(2): 450-
76, (1996). 
4. Vogt WB, Kupor S, Bhattacharya J, Yoshikwawa A, Nakahara T, "Technology and 
Staffing in Japanese University Hospitals: Government vs. Private," International 
Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 12(1): 93-103, (1996). 
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September 2021 
5. Sturm R, Gresenz C, Sherbourne C, Bhattacharya J, Farley D, Young AS, Klap R, 
Minnium K, Burnham MA, and Wells KB. “The Design of Healthcare for 
Communities: A Study of Health Care Delivery for Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and 
Mental Health Conditions.”  Inquiry 36(2):221-33 (1999). 
6. Goldman D, Bhattacharya J, Joyce G, D’Amato R, Bozette S, Shapiro M, Liebowitz 
A. “The Impact of State Policy on the Costs of HIV Infection”, Medical Care 
Research and Review 58(1):31-53 (2001). See comments Medical Care Research 
and Review 58(4):497-498 (2001). 
7. Schoenbaum M, Spranca M, Elliot M, Bhattacharya J, Short PF. “Health Plan 
Choice and Information about Out-of-Pocket Costs: An Experimental Analysis” 
Inquiry 38(1):35-48 (2001). 
8. Reville R, Bhattacharya J, and Sager L.  “New Methods and Data Sources for 
Measuring the Economic Consequences of Workplace Injuries,” American 
Journal of Industrial Medicine 40(4):452-63 (2001). 
9. Goldman D, Bhattacharya J, McCaffrey D, Duan N, Leibowitz A, Morton S.  “The 
Effect of Insurance on Mortality in an HIV+ Population in Care,” JASA 
96(455):883-894, (2001). See comments “The Effect of Insurance on Mortality in 
an HIV+ Population in Care,” JASA 97(460):1218 (2002). 
10. Su C, Bhattacharya J, and Wang CC, “Role of Neck Surgery in Conjunction with 
Radiation in Regional Control of Node-Positive Cancer of the Oropharynx” 
American Journal of Clinical Oncology 25(2):109-16. (2002). 
11. DeLeire T, Bhattacharya J, and MaCurdy T.  "Comparing Measures of Overtime 
Across BLS Surveys." Industrial Relations 41(2):362-369 (2002). 
12. Studdert D, Bhattacharya J, Warren B, Schoenbaum M, Escarce JJ. “Personal 
Choices of Health Plans by Managed Care Experts.” Medical Care 40(5):375-86 
(2002). 
13. Bhattacharya J, Schoenbaum M, and Sood N. “Optimal Contributions to Flexible 
Spending Accounts for Medical Care.” Economics Letters 76(1):129-135 (2002). 
14. Reville R, Neuhauser F, Bhattacharya J, and Martin C, “Comparing Severity of 
Impairment for Different Permanent Upper Extremity Musculo-Skeletal Injuries” 
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 12(3):205-21 (2002). 
15. Lakdawalla D., Goldman D, Bhattacharya J, Hurd M, Joyce G, and Panis C., 
“Forecasting the Nursing Home Population”, Medical Care 41(1):8-20 (2003) See 
comments “Forecasting the Nursing Home Population,” Medical Care 41(1):28-
31 (2003). 
16. Bhattacharya J, Deleire T, Haider S, Currie J. “Heat or Eat? Cold-Weather Shocks 
and Nutrition in Poor American Families,” American Journal of Public Health  
93(7):1149-1154 (2003). 
17. Bhattacharya J and Vogt W. “A Simple Model of Pharmaceutical Price 
Dynamics.” Journal of Law and Economics 46:599-626 (2003). 
18. Bhattacharya J, Goldman D, Sood N. “The Link Between Public and Private 
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September 2021 
Insurance and HIV-Related Mortality,” Journal of Health Economics 22:1105-
1122 (2003). 
19. Lakdawalla D, Bhattacharya J, and Goldman D.  “Are the Young Becoming More 
Disabled?” Health Affairs 23(1):168-176 (2004). 
20. Bhattacharya J, Currie J, and Haider S. “Poverty, Food Insecurity, and Nutritional 
Outcomes in Children and Adults,” Journal of Health Economics 23(4):839-862 
(2004). 
21. Yoo BK, Bhattacharya J, McDonald K and Garber A. “Impacts of Informal 
Caregiver Availability on Long-term Care Expenditures in OECD Countries,” 
Health Services Research 39(6 Pt 2):1971-92 (2004). 
22. Bhattacharya J, Goldman D, and Sood N. “Price Regulation in Secondary 
Insurance Markets”  Journal of Risk and Insurance 72(4):61-75 (2005). 
23. Bhattacharya J. “Specialty Selection and Lifetime Returns to Specialization 
Within Medicine” Journal of Human Resources 40(1):115-143 (2005). 
24. Lakdawalla D, Philipson T, Bhattacharya J, “Welfare-Enhancing Technological 
Change and the Growth of Obesity,” American Economics Review (Papers and 
Proceedings) 95(2): 253-257 (2005). 
25. Bhattacharya J, Shang B, Su CK, Goldman D “Technological Advance in Cancer 
and the Future of Medical Care Expenditures by the Elderly,” Health Affairs. 
[Web Exclusive 10.1377/hlthaff.w5.r5-r17] 26 September (2005). 
26. Goldman DP, Shang B, Bhattacharya J, Garber AM, Hurd M, Joyce GF, 
Lakdawalla D, Panis C, Shekelle P, “Consequences Of Health Trends And Medical 
Innovation For The Future Elderly,” Health Affairs. [Web Exclusive 
10.1377/hlthaff.w5.r53-r66] 26 September (2005). 
27. Bhattacharya J and Lakdawalla D, “The Labor Market Value of Health 
Improvements” The Forum for Health Economics and Health Policy. Forum: 
Biomedical Research and the Economy: Article 2 
http://www..bepress.fhep/biomedical _research/2 (2005). 
28. Bhattacharya J and Lakdawalla D, “Does Medicare Benefit the Poor?” Journal of 
Public Economics 90(1-2):277-92 (2006). 
29. Bhattacharya J, Goldman D, McCaffrey D, “Estimating Probit Models with 
Endogenous Covariates,” Statistics in Medicine 25(3):389-413 (2006). 
30. Bhattacharya J, Currie J, and Haider S, “Breakfast of Champions? The Nutritional 
Effects of the School Breakfast Program,” Journal of Human Resources (2006) 
41(3):445-466. 
31. Bhattacharya J and Sood N, “Health Insurance and the Obesity Externality” 
Advances In Health Economics And Health Services Research 17:279-318 (2007). 
32. Shetty K and Bhattacharya J, “The Impact of the 2003 ACGME Work Hours 
Regulations” Annals of Internal Medicine 147: 73-80 (2007). See comment “A 
Response to Dr. Puhan” Annals of Internal Medicine 148(6): 482 (2008). 
33. Bhattacharya J and Shang B, “Model Based Survey Design Using Logits: 
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Estimating Lost Statistical Power from Random Alternative Sampling” Survey 
Research Methods 1(3):145-154 (2007).ea 
34. Bhattacharya J, Choudhry K, and Lakdawalla D, "Chronic Disease and Trends in 
Severe Disability in Working Age Populations" Medical Care 46(1):92-100 (2008). 
35. Bhattacharya J, Shaikh A, Vytlacil E, “Treatment Effect Bounds under 
Monotonicity Assumptions: An Application to Swan-Ganz Catheterization” 
American Economic Review (Papers and Proceedings) 98(2): 351–56 (2008). 
36. Shetty K, Vogt WB, and Bhattacharya J, “Hormone Replacement Therapy and 
Cardiovascular Health in the US.” Medical Care 47(5):600-606 (2009). 
37. Bhattacharya J and Bundorf K, “The Incidence of the Healthcare Costs of 
Obesity” Journal of Health Economics 28(3):649-658 (2009)  
38. Bendavid E and Bhattacharya J, “PEPFAR in Africa: An Evaluation of Outcomes” 
Annals of Internal Medicine 150(10):688-695 (2009) 
39. Nukols T, Bhattacharya J, Wolman DM, Ulmer C, Escarce JJ, “Cost Implications of 
Reductions to Resident Physician Work Hours and Workloads for Resident 
Physicians,” New England Journal of Medicine 360(21):2202-15 (2009). 
40. Bhattacharya J and Isen A, "On Inferring Demand for Health Care in the 
Presence of Anchoring and Selection Biases," Forum for Health Economics & 
Policy: 12(2) (Health Economics), Article 6. 
http://www.bepress.com/fhep/12/2/6 (2009) 
41. Bhattacharya J, Goldman D, and Sood N, “Market Evidence of Misperceived 
Prices and Mistaken Mortality Risks,” Journal of Economic Behavior and 
Organization 72(1):451-462 (2009)  
42. Seabury S, Bhattacharya J, Neuhauser F, Reville R, “Using Empirical Data on 
Earnings Losses to Improve Permanent Disability Ratings in Workers’ 
Compensation,” Journal of Risk and Insurance 77(1):231-260 (2010). 
43. Kautz T, Bendavid E, Bhattacharya J, Miller NG, “AIDS and Declining Support for 
Dependent Elderly People in Africa: Retrospective Analysis Using Demographic 
and Health Surveys” British Medical Journal 340:c2841 doi:10.1136 (2010)  
44. Patel CJ, Bhattacharya J, Butte AJ, “An Environment-Wide Association Study 
(EWAS) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” PLoS ONE 5(5): e10746. 
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010746 (2010) 
45. Yoo BK, Bhattacharya J, Fiscella K, Bennett NM, Szilagyi P, “Effects of Mass 
Media Coverage on Timing and Annual Receipt of Influenza Vaccination among 
Medicare Elderly” Health Services Research 45(5 Pt 1):1287-309.  (2010)  
46. Bendavid E, Leroux E, Bhattacharya J, Smith N, and Miller G, “The Role of Drug 
Prices and Foreign Assistance in Expanding HIV Treatment in Africa” British 
Medical Journal 341:c6218 (2010)  
47. Shetty K, Deleire T, White C, and Bhattacharya J, ``Changes in Hospitalization 
Rates Following Smoking Bans,'' Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 
30(1):6-28 (2011) 
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48. Bhattacharya J and Sood N, “Who Pays for Obesity?” Journal of Economic 
Perspectives 25(1):139-58 (2011) 
49. Liu V, Weill D, Bhattacharya J, “Racial Differences in Survival Following Lung 
Transplantation” Archives of Surgery 146(3):286-293 (2011)  
50. Liu V, Bhattacharya J, Weill D, Hlatky M, “Persistent Racial Disparities in Survival 
Following Heart Transplantation” Circulation 123:1642-1649 (2011)  
51. Bhattacharya J and Packalen M “Opportunities And Benefits As Determinants Of 
The Direction Of Scientific Research”' Journal of Health Economics (2011) 
30(4):603-15 
52. Atella V, Bhattacharya J, Carbonari L, “Pharmaceutical Price Controls and 
Minimum Efficacy Regulation: Evidence from the US and Italy,” Health Services 
Research (2012) 47(1 Pt 1):293-308. 
53. Bhattacharya J, Shaikh AM, and Vytlacil E, “Treatment Effect Bounds: An 
Application to Swan-Ganz Catheterization,” Journal of Econometrics (2012) 
168(2): 223-243. 
54. Bhattacharya J and Packalen M, “The Other Ex-Ante Moral Hazard in Health”' 
Journal of Health Economics (2012) 31(1):135-46 
55. Smith-Spangler C, Bhattacharya J, and Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, “Diabetes, Its 
Treatment, and Catastrophic Medical Spending in 35 Developing Countries” 
Diabetes Care (2012) 35(2):319-26 
56. Arroyo A, Wang E, Saynina O, Bhattacharya J, Wise P, "The Association Between 
Insurance Status and Emergency Department Disposition of Injured California 
Children" Academic Emergency Medicine (2012) 19: 541–551. 
57. Bhattacharya J and Vogt WB, “Do Instrumental Variables Belong in Propensity 
Scores?” International Journal of Statistics & Economics 9(A12) (2012)  
58. Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Rubinfeld RE, Bhattacharya J, Robinson TN, Wise PH, “The 
Utility of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity Assessment in Relation to Adult 
Health” Medical Decision Making (2012) 33(2):163-75. 
59. Bendavid E, Holmes CB, Bhattacharya J, Miller G, “HIV Development Assistance 
and Adult Mortality in Africa” JAMA 2012;307(19):2060-2067. 
60. Perlroth DJ, Bhattacharya J, Goldman DP, Garber AM,” An economic analysis of 
conservative management versus active treatment for men with localized 
prostate cancer,” J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2012(45):250-7. 
61. Bhattacharya J, Gathmann C, Miller NG, “The Gorbachev Anti-Alcohol Campaign 
and Russia’s Mortality Crisis,” American Economic Journals: Applied Economics 
(2013) 5(2):232-60. 
62. Erickson K, Tan K, Winkelmayer W, Chertow G, Bhattacharya J, “Variation in 
Nephrologist Visits to Patients on Hemodialysis across Dialysis Facilities and 
Geographic Locations.” Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 
(2013): 987-994 doi:10.2215/CJN.10171012 
63. Bundorf K, Mata R, Schoenbaum M, Bhattacharya J, “Are Prescription Drug 
Insurance Choices Consistent with Expected Utility Theory?” Health Psychology 
(2013) 32(9), 986. 
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64. Basu S, Seligman H, Bhattacharya J, “Nutritional policy changes in the 
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: A microsimulation and cost-
effectiveness analysis” Medical Decision Making (2013) 33(7), 937-948. 
65. Wang NE, Saynina O, Vogel LD, Newgard CD, Bhattacharya J, Phibbs CS. The 
effect of trauma center care on pediatric injury mortality in California, 1999 to 
2011. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013 Oct;75(4):704-16. doi: 
10.1097/TA.0b013e31829a0a65. PMID: 24064887; PMCID: PMC4306425. 
66. Nguyen C, Hernandez-Boussard T., Davies SM, Bhattacharya J, Khosla RM, Curtin 
CM, “Cleft Palate Surgery: An Evaluation of Length of Stay, Complications, and 
Costs by Hospital Type,” The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. (2013) 
67. Austin D, Luan A, Wang L, Bhattacharya J, “Small Increases to Employer 
Premiums Could Shift Millions of People to the Exchanges and Add Billions of 
Dollars to Federal Outlays” Health Affairs 32.9 (2013): 1531-1537. 
68. Bendavid E and Bhattacharya J, “The Relationship of Health Aid to Population 
Health Improvements” JAMA Internal Medicine Jun;174(6):881-7. doi: 
10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.292. (2014) PMID: 24756557 
69. Erickson K, Winkelmayer W, Chertow G, Bhattacharya J “Physician Visits and 30-
day Hospital Readmissions in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis.” Journal of the 
American Society of Nephrology Sep;25(9):2079-87. doi: 
10.1681/ASN.2013080879  (2014) PMID: 2481216. 
70. Patel RB, Mathur MB, Gould M, Uyeki TM, Bhattacharya J, Xiao Y, Khazeni N 
“Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Mortality from Highly Pathogenic Avian 
Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Infection: CART Analysis of International Cases.” PLoS 
One Mar 25;9(3):e91630. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091630. eCollection 2014. 
PMID: 24667532 (2014). 
71. Basu S, Seligman H, Gardner C, and Bhattacharya J, “Ending SNAP subsidies for 
sugar-sweetened beverages could reduce obesity and type 2 diabetes” Health 
Affairs Jun;33(6):1032-9. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1246 (2014) PMID: 24889953 
72. Jena AB, Schoemaker L, and Bhattacharya J, “Exposing Physicians to Reduced 
Residency Work Hours Did Not Adversely Affect Patient Outcomes After 
Residency” Health Affairs 33:1832-1840 (2014)  
73. Mathur MB, Patel RB, Gould M, Uyeki TM, Bhattacharya J, Xiao Y, Gillaspie Y, 
Khazeni N, “Global Seasonal Patterns in Human HPAI H5N1 Infection: Analysis of 
International Cases” PLoS ONE Sep 12;9(9):e106171. doi: 
10.1371/journal.pone.0106171. eCollection 2014. PMID: 25215608 (2014) 
74. Bhattacharya J, Vogt WB. “Employment and Adverse Selection in Health 
Insurance.”  Forum for Health Economics and Policy 17(1):79-104. DOI: 
10.1515/fhep-2013-0017 (2014) 
75. Erickson KF, Winkelmayer WC, Chertow GM, and Bhattacharya J. “Medicare 
Reimbursement Reform for Provider Visits and Health Outcomes in Patients on 
Hemodialysis.”  Forum for Health Economics and Policy 17(1):53-77 (2014) 
76. Park MD, Bhattacharya J, Park KT. “Differences in healthcare expenditures for 
inflammatory bowel disease by insurance status, income, and clinical care 
setting.” PeerJ. Sep 23;2:e587. doi: 10.7717/peerj.587 PMID: 25279267 (2014) 
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77. Erickson KF, Mell MW, Winkelmayer WC, Chertow GM, and Bhattacharya J 
“Provider Visit Frequency and Vascular Access Interventions in Hemodialysis” 
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015) 10(2):269-77. doi: 
10.2215/CJN.05540614. PMID: 25587105 
78. Chicklis C, MaCurdy T, Bhattacharya J, Shafrin J, Zaidi S, and Rogers D “Regional 
Growth in Medicare Spending, 1992-2010.” Health Services Research (2015) 
50(5):1574-88. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12287 PMID: 25676603 
79. Romley JA, Axeen S, Lakdawalla DN, Chernew ME, Bhattacharya J, and Goldman 
DP. “The Relationship between Commercial Health Care Prices and Medicare 
Spending and Utilization.” Health Services Research (2015) 50(3):883-96. doi: 
10.1111/1475-6773.12262. PMID: 25429755 
80. Gidwani R and Bhattacharya J “CMS Reimbursement Reform and the Incidence 
of Hospital-Acquired Pulmonary Embolism or Deep Vein Thrombosis.” Journal of 
General Internal Medicine 30(5):588-596 (2015) 
81. Erickson KF, Mell MW, Winkelmayer WC, Chertow GM, and Bhattacharya J 
“Provider Visits and Early Vascular Access Placement in Maintenance 
Hemodialysis.” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 26(8):1990-7 
doi:10.1681/ASN.2014050464 (2015)  PMID: 25452668 
82. Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Studdert DM, Farid MS, Bhattacharya J “Will Divestment 
from Employment-Based Health Insurance Save Employers Money? The Case of 
State and Local Governments.” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 12(3): 343-394 
(2015) DOI: 10.1111/jels.12076 
83. Alsan M, Schoemaker L, Eggleston K, Kammili N, Kolli P, Bhattacharya J. “Out-of-
pocket health expenditures and antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-
income countries” Lancet Infectious Disease (2015) 15(10):1203-1210 
84. Wang L, Haberland C, Thurm C, Bhattacharya J, Park KT. “Health Outcomes in US 
Children with Abdominal Pain at Major Emergency Departments Associated with 
Race and Socioeconomic Status” PLoS One 10(8): e0132758 DOI: 
10.1371/journal.pone.0132758 (2015)   
85. Patel MI, Bhattacharya J, Asch SM, Kahn J “Acceptance of Advance Directives 
and Palliative Care Referral for Veterans with Advanced Cancer: A Retrospective 
Analysis.” The American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care 
DOI:10.1177/1049909115595216 (2015). 
86. Jena AB, Schoemaker L, Bhattacharya J, Seabury SA  (2015) Physician spending 
and subsequent risk of malpractice claims: observational study. BMJ 
2015;351:h5516 doi: 10.1136/bmj.h5516.  PMID: 26538498  See also: Jena AB, 
Schoemaker L, Bhattacharya J, Seabury SA. “Authors' reply to Barbieri and 
Kovarik, Mariani, and Waxman and Kanzaria.” BMJ. 2015 351:h6774. doi: 
10.1136/bmj.h6774 (2015). PMID: 26668033 
87. Richman I, Asch SM, Bhattacharya J, Owens DK. “Colorectal Cancer Screening in 
the Era of the Affordable Care Act” Journal of General Internal Medicine (2016) 
31(3):315-20. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3504-2.  PMID: 26349953 
88. Mooney JJ, Bhattacharya J, and Dhillon GS Effect of Transplant Center Volume 
on Cost and Readmissions in Medicare Lung Transplant Recipients, Annals of the 
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September 2021 
American Thoracic Society 13(7):1034-41. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201601-
017OC (2016). PMID: 27064753 
89. Hurley MP, Schoemaker L, Morton JM, Wren SM, Vogt WB, Watanabe S, 
Yoshikawa A, Bhattacharya J.  “Geographic variation in surgical outcomes and 
cost between the United States and Japan.” Am J Manag Care. 22(9):600-7 
(2016) PMID: 27662222 
90. Erickson KF, Winkelmayer WC, Chertow GM, Bhattacharya J. “Hemodialysis 
Hospitalizations and Readmissions: The Effects of Payment Reform.”  Am J 
Kidney Dis. 2016 Nov 14. pii: S0272-6386(16)30524-8. doi: 
10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.08.033. (2016) PMID: 27856087 
91. Richman I, Asch SM, Bendavid E, Bhattacharya J, Owens DK.  “Breast Density 
Notification Legislation and Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: Early Evidence 
from the SEER Registry.” J Gen Intern Med. 32(6):603-609 (2017) doi: 
10.1007/s11606-016-3904-y. PMID: 27844260 
92. Erickson KF, Zheng Y, Winkelmayer WC, Ho V, Bhattacharya J, Chertow GM. 
“Consolidation in the Dialysis Industry, Patient Choice, and Local Market 
Competition.”Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 12(3):536-545 (2017) doi: 
10.2215/CJN.06340616 PMID: 27831510 
93. Erickson KF, Winkelmayer WC, Chertow GM, Bhattacharya J.  “Effects of 
physician payment reform on provision of home dialysis.” Am J Manag Care 
22(6):e215-23. (2016) PMID: 27355909  
94. Eneriz-Wiemer M, Saynina O, Sundaram V, Lee HC, Bhattacharya J, Sanders LM. 
“Parent Language: A Predictor for Neurodevelopmental Follow-up Care Among 
Infants With Very Low Birth Weight.” Acad Pediatr. 16(7):645-52. doi: 
10.1016/j.acap.2016.04.004. (2016) PMID: 27130810 
95. Chen B, Jalal H, Hashimoto H, Suen SC, Eggleston K, Hurley M, Schoemaker L, 
and Bhattacharya J. “Forecasting Trends in Disability in a Super-Aging Society: 
Adapting the Future Elderly Model to Japan,” Journal of the Economics of Ageing 
8 (2016): 42-51. 
96. Liu VX, Fielding-Singh V, Greene JD, Baker JM, Iwashyna TJ, Bhattacharya J, 
Escobar GJ. “The Timing of Early Antibiotics and Hospital Mortality in Sepsis” Am 
J Respir Crit Care Med. (2017) 196(7):856-863. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201609-
1848OC PMID: 28345952 
97. Shaw JG, Farid M, Noel-Miller C, Joseph N, Houser A, Asch SA, Bhattacharya J, 
Flowers L. “Social Isolation and Medicare Spending: Among Older Adults, 
Objective Social Isolation Increases Expenditures while Loneliness Does Not” J of 
Aging and Health 29(7):1119-1143 (2017) 
98. Tran EMT, Bhattacharya J, Pershing S. “Self-Reported Receipt of Dilated Fundus 
Examinations Among Patients with Diabetes: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 
2002-2013” American Journal of Ophthalmology 179:18-24 (2017)  doi: 
10.1016/j.ajo.2017.04.009 PMID: 28455116 
99. Lin E, Cheng XS, Chin KK, Zubair T, Chertow GM, Bendavid E, Bhattacharya J. 
“Home Dialysis in the Prospective Payment System Era” J Am Soc Nephrol 
28(10):2993-3004. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2017010041. Epub 2017 May 10. (2017) 
PMID: 28490435 
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100. 
Hakim I, Hathi S, Nair A, Narula T, Bhattacharya J. “Electronic health 
records and the frequency of diagnostic test orders” Am J Manag Care. 
23(1):e16-e23. (2017) PMID: 28141935 
101. Pollom EL, Wang G, Harris JP, Koong AC, Bendavid E, Bhattacharya J, Chang 
DT. “The Impact of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy on Hospitalization 
Outcomes in the SEER-Medicare Population With Anal Squamous Cell 
Carcinoma” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 98(1):177-185. doi: 
10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.01.006. PMID: 28258896 (2017) 
102. Kwong JZ, Weng Y, Finnegan M, Schaffer R, Remington A, Curtin C, McDonald 
KM, Bhattacharya J, Hernandez-Boussard T. “Effect of Medicare's 
Nonpayment Policy on Surgical Site Infections Following Orthopedic 
Procedures” Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 38(7):817-822 doi: 
10.1017/ice.2017.86.  (2017) PMID: 28487001 
103. Chen SP, Bhattacharya J, Pershing S. “Vision Loss and Cognition in the US 
Population of Older Adults, JAMA Ophthalmology 135(9):963-970 (2017) DOI: 
10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.2838 PMID: 28817745 PMCID: PMC5710542 
104. Lin E, MaCurdy M, Bhattacharya J “MACRA and its Implications for 
Nephrology” Journal of American Society of Nephrology (2017) 28(9):2590-
2596. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2017040407 
105. Sandhu AT, Heidenreich PA, Bhattacharya J, and Bundorf MK “Cardiovascular 
Testing and Clinical Outcomes in Emergency Department Patients with Chest 
Pain” JAMA Internal Medicine (2017) 177(8):1175-1182 PMID: 28654959 
PMCID: PMC5710427 doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.2432 
106. Mooney JJ, Hedlin H, Mohabir P, Bhattacharya J, & Dhillon GS. “Racial and 
ethnic disparities in lung transplant listing and waitlist outcomes.” The Journal 
of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 37(3), 394–400. 
doi:10.1016/j.healun.2017.09.017 (2017) 
107. Packalen M and Bhattacharya J (2017) “Neophilia Ranking of Scientific 
Journals” Scientometrics 110(1):43-64 PMID: 28713181 PMCID: PMC5506293 
doi: 10.1007/s11192-016-2157-1 
108. Garber AM, Azad TD, Dixit A, Farid M, Sung E, Vail D, Bhattacharya J “Medicare 
savings from conservative management of low back pain” American Journal of 
Managed Care 24(10):e332-e337. (2018) 
109. Patel MI, Sundaram V, Desai M, Periyakoil VS, Kahn JS, Bhattacharya J, Asch 
SM, Milstein A, and Bundorf MK. “Effect of a Lay Health Worker Intervention 
on Goals-of-Care Documentation and on Health Care Use, Costs, and 
Satisfaction Among Patients with Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” JAMA 
Oncol. 4(10):1359-1366. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.2446. (2018) 
110. Erickson KF, Winkelmayer WC, Ho V, Bhattacharya J, Chertow GM "Market 
Competition and Health Outcomes in Hemodialysis" Health Services Research 
53(5):3680-3703. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12835. Epub 2018 Feb 22. (2018) 
111. Yu JX, Oliver M, Lin J, Chang M, Limketkai BN, Soetikno R, Bhattacharya J, 
Kaltenbach T. Patients Prescribed Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants Have Low 
Risk of Postpolypectomy Complications. Clinical Gastroenterology and 
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September 2021 
Hepatology. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CGH.2018.11.051 17(10 2000-2007.e3 
(2018) PMID: 30503964.  PMCID: PMC6541555 
112. Patel CJ, Bhattacharya J, Ioannidis J, & Bendavid E. “Systematic identification 
of correlates of HIV infection.” AIDS, 32(7):933-943. (2018) 
113. McKenzie RB, Sanders L, Bhattacharya J, Bundorf MK  “Health Care System 
Factors Associated with Transition Preparation in Youth with Special Health 
Care Needs” Population Health Management 22(1):63-73. doi: 
10.1089/pop.2018.0027. Epub 2018 Jun 29  (2019) 
114. Erickson KF, Winkelmayer WC, Ho V, Bhattacharya J, Chertow GM “Market 
Consolidation and Mortality in Patients Initiating Hemodialysis” Value in 
Health. 22(1):69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2018.06.008. Epub 2018 Jul 27. (2019) 
115. Curto V, Einav L, Finkelstein A, Levin J, & Bhattacharya J. “Health Care 
Spending and Utilization in Public and Private Medicare.” American Economic 
Journal: Applied Economics, 11(2), 302–332. 
https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20170295 (2019) 
116. Mooney JJ, Bhattacharya J, and Dhillon GS “Effect of Broader Geographic 
Sharing of Donor Lungs on Lung Transplant Waitlist Outcomes” Journal of 
Heart and Lung Transplantation 38(2):136-144. doi: 
10.1016/j.healun.2018.09.007. Epub 2018 Sep 14.  (2019)  
117. Azad, T., Vail, D., Bentley, J., Han, S., Suarez, P., Varshneya, K., Mittal V, Desai 
M, Bhattacharya J, and Ratliff, J. “Initial Provider Specialty is Associated with 
Long-term Opiate Use in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Low Back and Lower 
Extremity Pain.” Spine 44(3):211-218. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002840. 
(2019) 
118. Patel MI, Moore D, Bhattacharya J, Milstein A, & Coker TR “Perspectives of 
Health Care Payer Organizations on Cancer Care Delivery Redesign: A National 
Study” Journal of Oncology Practice 15:1, e46-e55 (2019) 
119. Lin E, Bhattacharya J, & Chertow GM “Prior Hospitalization Burden and the 
Relatedness of 30-Day Readmissions in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis.” 
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 30(2), 323–335. 
https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2018080858 (2019) 
120. Packalen M, & Bhattacharya J. “Age and the Trying Out of New Ideas.” Journal 
of Human Capital, 13(2), 341–373. https://doi.org/10.1086/703160 (2019) 
121. Patel MI, Ramirez D, Agajanian R, Agajanian H, Bhattacharya J, & Bundorf KM 
“Lay Health Worker-Led Cancer Symptom Screening Intervention and the 
Effect on Patient-Reported Satisfaction, Health Status, Health Care Use, and 
Total Costs: Results From a Tri-Part Collaboration.” Journal of Oncology 
Practice, https://doi.org/10.1200/JOP.19.00152 (2019) 
122. Sandhu AT, Kohsaka S, Bhattacharya J, Fearon WF, Harrington RA, & 
Heidenreich PA. “Association Between Current and Future Annual Hospital 
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Mortality Rates.” JAMA Cardiology, 1–8. 
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.3221 (2019) 
123. Patel M, Andrea N, Bhattacharya J, & Coker TR. “A Community-Partnered, 
Evidence-Based Approach to Improving Cancer Care Delivery for Low-Income 
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and Minority Patients with Cancer.” Journal of Community Health, 44(5), 912–
920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-019-00632-x (2019) 
124. Hamad R, Templeton ZS, Schoemaker L, Zhao M, & Bhattacharya J. 
“Comparing Demographic and Health Characteristics of New and Existing SNAP 
Recipients: Application of A Machine Learning Algorithm.” The American 
Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 109(4), 1164–1172. 
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy355 (2019) 
125. Erickson KF, Zhao B, Niu J, Winkelmayer WC, Bhattacharya J, Chertow GM, & 
Ho V. “Association of Hospitalization and Mortality Among Patients Initiating 
Dialysis with Hemodialysis Facility Ownership and Acquisitions.” JAMA 
Network Open, 2(5), e193987. 
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3987 (2019) 
126. Jena AB, Farid M, Blumenthal D, & Bhattacharya J. “Association of Residency 
Work Hour Reform with Long Term Quality and Costs of Care of US Physicians: 
Observational Study.” BMJ, 366, l4134. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4134 
(2019). 
127. Hamad R, Nguyen TT, Bhattacharya J, Glymour MM, & Rehkopf DH. 
“Educational Attainment and Cardiovascular Disease in The United States: A 
Quasi-Experimental Instrumental Variables Analysis.” PLoS Medicine, 16(6), 
e1002834. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002834 (2019) 
128. Yu JX, Lin JL, Oliver M, Soetikno R, Chang MS, Kwong AJ, Limketkai BN, 
Bhattacharya J, Kaltenbach T. Trends in EMR for Nonmalignant Colorectal 
Polyps in The United States. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2019.08.004 (2019) 
129. Kim D, Chen C, Tysinger B, Park S, Chong MZ, Wang L, Zhao M, Yean JM, Koh 
WP, Yoong J, Bhattacharya J, & Eggleston K. Smoking, life expectancy, and 
chronic disease in South Korea, Singapore, and the United States: A 
microsimulation model [published online ahead of print, 2019 Dec 4]. Health 
Econ. 2019;10.1002/hec.3978. doi:10.1002/hec.3978 
130. Ryckman T, Robinson M, Pedersen C, Bhattacharya J, Bendavid E. Impact of 
Feed the Future initiative on nutrition in children aged less than 5 years in sub-
Saharan Africa: difference-in-differences analysis. BMJ.;367:l6540. Published 
2019 Dec 11. doi:10.1136/bmj.l6540 (2019) PMID: 31802569 PMCID: 
PMC7269831 
131. Pan CK, Vail D, Bhattacharya J, Cao M, Mruthyunjaya P. (2020) The Effect of 
Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Absolute Risk of Central Serous 
Chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2020 Oct;218:148-155 PMID 32574769 
132. Erickson KF, Shen JI, Zhao B, Winkelmayer WC, Chertow GM, Ho V, & 
Bhattacharya J. Safety-Net Care for Maintenance Dialysis in the United States. 
J Am Soc Nephrol. 31(2):424‐433. doi:10.1681/ASN.2019040417 (2020) PMID: 
31857351 PMCID: PMC7003304 
133. Bonde AN, Martinussen T, Lee CJ, Lip GYH, Staerk L, Bang CN, Bhattacharya J, 
Gislason G, Torp-Pedersen C, Olesen JB, Hlatky MA. Rivaroxaban Versus 
Apixaban for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: An Instrumental Variable 
Analysis of a Nationwide Cohort. Circ Cardiovasc Qual 
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September 2021 
Outcomes.13(4):e006058. doi:10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.006058 (2020) 
PMID: 32283966 
134. Sood N, Simon P, Ebner P, Eichner D, Reynolds J, Bendavid E, & Bhattacharya J 
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies Among Adults in Los 
Angeles County, California, on April 10-11, 2020 [published online ahead of 
print, 2020 May 18]. JAMA.;e208279. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.8279 (2020) 
PMID: 32421144 PMCID: PMC7235907 
135. Packalen M, Bhattacharya J. NIH funding and the pursuit of edge science. Proc 
Natl Acad Sci U S A. 117(22):12011‐12016. doi:10.1073/pnas.1910160117 
(2020)  
136. Alobuia WM, Dalva-Baird NP, Forrester JD, Bendavid E, Bhattacharya J, 
Kebebew E. Racial disparities in knowledge, attitudes and practices related to 
COVID-19 in the USA [published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 3]. J Public 
Health (Oxf). 2020;fdaa069. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdaa069 
137. Shin SH, Lillard DR, Bhattacharya J. Understanding the correlation between 
Alzheimer’s Disease polygenic risk, wealth, and the composition of wealth 
holdings. Biodemography and Social Biology (2020) Oct 28;268:113473. doi: 
10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113473 
138. Curto V, Einav L, Levin J, and Bhattacharya J. Can Health Insurance 
Competition Work? Evidence from Medicare Advantage. Journal of Political 
Economy (2021) 129(2): 570-606. 
139. Sandhu AT, Bhattacharya J, Lam J, Bounds S, Luo B, Moran D, Uwilingiyimana 
AS, Fenson D, Choradia N, Do R, Feinberg L, MaCurdy T, Nagavarapu S. 
Adjustment for Social Risk Factors Does Not Meaningfully Affect Performance 
On Medicare's MIPS Clinician Cost Measures. Health Aff (Millwood). 2020 
Sep;39(9):1495-1503. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00440. PMID: 32897780. 
140. Kasajima M, Hashimoto H, Suen SC, Chen B, Jalal H, Eggleston K, Bhattacharya 
J. Future projection of the health and functional status of older people in 
Japan: A multistate transition microsimulation model with repeated cross-
sectional data. Health Econ. 2020 Jul 14. doi: 10.1002/hec.3986. Epub ahead of 
print. PMID: 32662080. 
141. Lin E, Chertow GM, Bhattacharya J, Lakdawalla D. Early Delays in Insurance 
Coverage and Long-term Use of Home-based Peritoneal Dialysis. Med Care. 
2020 Jul;58(7):632-642. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001350. PMID: 
32520837; PMCID: PMC7295012. 
142. Peirlinck M, Linka K, Costabal FS, Bhattacharya J, Bendavid E, Ioannidis J, Kuhl 
E (2020), “Visualizing the Invisible: The Effect of Asymptotic Transmission on 
the Outbreak Dynamics of COVID-19” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics 
and Engineering. 372: 1 Dec. 2020, 113410. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2020.113410. 
143. Azad, T. D., Zhang, Y., Stienen, M. N., Vail, D., Bentley, J. P., Ho, A. L., Fatemi, 
P., Herrick, D., Kim, L. H., Feng, A., Varshneya, K., Jin, M., Veeravagu, A., 
Bhattacharya, J., Desai, M., Lembke, A., & Ratliff, J. K. (2020). Patterns of 
Opioid and Benzodiazepine Use in Opioid-Naïve Patients with Newly 
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September 2021 
Diagnosed Low Back and Lower Extremity Pain. Journal of General Internal 
Medicine, 35(1), 291–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05549-8 
144. Bendavid E, Oh C, Bhattacharya J, Ioannidis J (2020) “Assessing Mandatory 
Stay‐at‐Home and Business Closure Effects on the Spread of COVID‐19” 
European Journal of Clinical Investigation.  5 January 2021. 
doi:10.1111/eci.13484 
145. Zhang J, Chen Y, Einav L, Levin J, Bhattacharya J. Consolidation of primary care 
physicians and its impact on healthcare utilization. Health Econ. 2021 Mar 25. 
doi: 10.1002/hec.4257. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33764640. 
146. Lin JL, Rigdon J, Van Haren K, Buu M, Saynina O, Bhattacharya J, Owens DK, 
Sanders LM. Gastrostomy Tubes Placed in Children With Neurologic 
Impairment: Associated Morbidity and Mortality. J Child Neurol. 2021 Mar 
22:8830738211000179. doi: 10.1177/08830738211000179. Epub ahead of 
print. PMID: 33750232. 
147. Lin E, Chertow GM, Bhattacharya J, Lakdawalla D. Early Delays in Insurance 
Coverage and Long-term Use of Home-based Peritoneal Dialysis. Med Care. 
2020 Jul;58(7):632-642. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001350. PMID: 
32520837; PMCID: PMC7295012. 
148. Alsan M, Atella V, Bhattacharya J, Conti V, Mejia I, Miller G. (2021) 
Technological Progress and Health Convergence: The Case of Penicillin in 
Postwar Italy.  Demography  58 (4): 1473–1498. 
https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9368970   
149. Bendavid E, Mulaney B, Sood N, Shah S, Bromley-Dulfano R, Lai C, Weissberg Z, 
Saavedra-Walker R, Tedrow J, Bogan A, Kupiec T, Eichner D, Gupta R, Ioannidis 
JPA, Bhattacharya J. COVID-19 antibody seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, 
California. Int J Epidemiol. 2021 Feb 22:dyab010. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab010. 
Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33615345; PMCID: PMC7928865. 
150. Park, W. G., Sandhu, A., MaCurdy, T., Choradia, N., Schmitt, C., Koscheski, C., 
Lam, J., Bounds, S., Do, R., Feinberg, L., Vail, D., Nagavarapu, S., & 
Bhattacharya, J. (2021). Development of a Cost Measure for 
Screening/Surveillance Colonoscopy for the Merit-Based Incentive Payment 
System. Gastroenterology. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.040 
151. Sandhu, A. T., Do, R., Lam, J., Blankenship, J., Van Decker, W., Rich, J., 
Gonzalez, O., Wu, X., Pershing, S., Lin, E., MaCurdy, T. E., Bhattacharya, J., & 
Nagavarapu, S. (2021). Development of the Elective Outpatient Percutaneous 
Coronary Intervention Episode–Based Cost Measure. Circulation: 
Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 14(3), 6461. 
https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.119.006461 
152. Duseja R, Andress J, Sandhu AT, Bhattacharya J, Lam J, Nagavarapu S, Nilasena 
D, Choradia N, Do R, Feinberg L, Bounds S, Leoung J, Luo B, Swygard A, 
Uwilingiyimana A, MaCurdy T. (2021) Development of Episode-Based Cost 
Measures for the US Medicare Merit-based Incentive Payment System. JAMA 
Health Forum. 2021;2(5):e210451. doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.0451 
153. Tisdale RL, Ma I, Vail D, Bhattacharya J, Goldhaber-Fiebert J, Heidenreich PA, 
Sandhu A. (2021) Availability of Cost-effectiveness Studies for Drugs With High 
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JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
Medicare Part D Expenditures. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(6):e2113969. 
doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13969 
154. Dalva-Baird NP, Alobuia WM, Bendavid E, Bhattacharya J. Racial and ethnic 
inequities in the early distribution of U.S. COVID-19 testing sites and mortality. 
Eur J Clin Invest. 2021 Aug 14:e13669. doi: 10.1111/eci.13669. Epub ahead of 
print. PMID: 34390487. 
 
 
NON-PEER-REVIEWED WORK (63 total) 
1. Bhattacharya J, Garber AM, MaCurdy T. Cause-Specific Mortality among 
Medicare Enrollees. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 
Series. 1996;No. 5409.  
2. Bhattacharya J, Currie J. “Youths at Nutritional Risk : Malnourished or 
Misnourished?” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series. 
2000;No. 7686(7686):483–522.  
3. Bhattacharya J, Lakdawalla D. Does Medicare Benefit the Poor? New Answers to 
an Old Question. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series. 
2002;No. 9280.  
4. Bhattacharya J.  “Coinsurance, Cost Sharing, and the Demand Managed 
Behavioral Health Services” Frontlines: Linking Alcohol Services Research & 
Practice, June (2003). 
5. Bhattacharya J, Lakdawalla D. Time-Inconsistency and Welfare. National Bureau 
of Economic Research Working Paper Series. 2004;No. 10345.  
6. Sood N, Alpert A, Bhattacharya J. Technology, Monopoly and the Decline of the 
Viatical Settlements Industry. National Bureau of Economic Research Working 
Paper Series. 2005;No. 11164(March). 
7. Bhattacharya J, Vogt WB. Employment and Adverse Selection in Health 
Insurance. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series.  
2006;No. 12430(August). 
8. Bhattacharya J. “Dollars to Doughnuts” Hoover Digest 3 (2007). 
9. Bhattacharya J, Vogt WB. Do Instrumental Variables Belong in Propensity 
Scores? National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, NBER Technical Working 
Papers: 0343; 2007;No. 343.  
10. Bhattacharya J, Packalen M. Is Medicine an Ivory Tower? Induced Innovation, 
Technological Opportunity, and For-Profit vs. Non-Profit Innovation. National 
Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series. 2008;No. 13862. 
11. Atella V, Bhattacharya J, Carbonari L. Pharmaceutical Industry, Drug Quality and 
Regulation: Evidence from US and Italy.  National Bureau of Economic Research 
Working Paper Series. 2008.  
12. Bhattacharya J. Insuring the near-elderly: how much would Medicare save? Ann 
Intern Med. 2009 Dec 1;151(11):816-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-
200912010-00158. PMID: 19949148. 
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September 2021 
13. Yoo B-K, Kasajima M, Bhattacharya J. Public Avoidance and the Epidemiology of 
novel H1N1 Influenza A. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 
Series. 2010;15752:1–39.  
14. Aranovich G, Bhattacharya J, Garber A, MaCurdy T, “Coping with Chronic 
Disease? Chronic Disease and Disability in Elderly American Population 1982-
1999,” NBER Working Paper #14811 (2009) 
15. Jena AB, Schoemaker L, Bhattacharya J, Seabury SA. “Authors' reply to Barbieri 
and Kovarik, Mariani, and Waxman and Kanzaria.” BMJ. 351:h6774. doi: 
10.1136/bmj.h6774.  (2015) PMID: 26668033 
16. Gidwani R, Bhattacharya J. “CMS Reimbursement Reform: Authors’ Reply.” J 
Gen Intern Med. 2015 30(11):1588. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3465-5. PMID: 
26179821 
17. Bhattacharya J. “A way out of the dismal arithmetic of hepatitis C treatment.” 
Am J Manag Care. (6 Spec No.):SP183-4. (2016) PMID: 27266945 
18. Liu V, Fielding-Singh V, Iwashyna TJ, Bhattacharya J, Escobar G. “Reply to the 
Timing of Early Antibiotics and Hospital Mortality in Sepsis - Playing Devil's 
Advocate. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201704-0774LE. (2017) 
PMID: 28485627 
19. L Flowers, A Houser, C Noel-Miller, J Shaw, J Bhattacharya (2017) “Medicare 
spends more on socially isolated older adults.” AARP Insight on the Issues 125, 
1119-1143. 
20. Bhattacharya J and Packalen M (2020) Stagnation and Scientific Incentives. 
National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper #26752. 
https://www.nber.org/papers/w26752 
21. Bendavid E and Bhattacharya J “Is the Coronavirus as Deadly as They Say?” Wall 
Street Journal, March 24, 2020. 
22. Bendavid, E., Mulaney, B., Sood, N., Shah, S., Ling, E., Bromley-Dulfano, R., Lai, 
C., Weissberg, Z., Saavedra, R., Tedrow, J., Tversky, D., Bogan, A., Kupiec, T., 
Eichner, D., Gupta, R., Ioannidis, J., & Bhattacharya, J. (2020). COVID-19 
Antibody Seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, California. medRxiv, 
2020.04.14.20062463. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20062463 
23. Bhattacharya J and Packalen M “Lives vs. Lives: The Global Cost of Lockdown” 
Spectator, May 13, 2020 
24. Bhattacharya J and Packalen M “Focused COVID-19 Restrictions Will Save Lives 
in Poor Countries”, Financial Post, July 3, 2020. 
25. Bhattacharya J and Agarwal S. “Lift lockdowns, protect the vulnerable, treat 
Covid like a health issue and not a disaster” The Print. July 24, 2020 
26. Fronsdal TL, Bhattacharya J, Tamang S. (2020) Variation in Health Care Prices 
Across Public and Private Payers. National Bureau of Economic Research 
Working Paper #27490. https://www.nber.org/papers/w27490 
27. Bhattacharya J and Kulldorff M. “The Case Against Covid Tests for the Young and 
Healthy” Wall Street Journal, Sept. 3, 2020 
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JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
28. Bhattacharya J, Packalen M. On the Futility of Contact Tracing.  Inference 5(3) 
September (2020) https://inference-review.com/article/on-the-futility-of-
contact-tracing 
29. Bhattacharya J and Packalen M. Contact Tracing is Far from Futile: A Reply. 
Inference 6(1) May (2021)  https://inference-review.com/letter/contact-
tracing-is-far-from-futile 
30. Bhattacharya J. A Sensible and Compassionate Anti-COVID Strategy. Imprimis 
49(10). October 2020. https://imprimis.hillsdale.edu/sensible-compassionate-
anti-covid-strategy/ 
31. Kulldorff M, Gupta S, and Bhattacharya J.  Great Barrington Declaration. Oct. 4, 
2020. 
32. Kulldorff M, Gupta S, and Bhattacharya J. “Lockdowns do More Harm than 
Good” New York Post. October 6, 2020. 
33. Bhattacharya J. “Ask Me Anything – Dr. Jay Bhattacharya.” 
r/LockdownSkepticism. Reddit. October 17, 2020 
34. Bhattacharya J. “It is genuinely possible to shield the vulnerable from Covid, 
while the rest of us go back to normal” The Telegraph. October 20, 2020 
35. Kulldorff M, Gupta S, and Bhattacharya J “Our COVID-19 plan would minimize 
mortality and lockdown-induced collateral damage” USA Today, Oct. 22, 2020.  
36. Bhattacharya J “It’s Time for an Alternative to Lockdown” Spectator, Oct. 29, 
2020. 
37. Kulldorff M, Gupta S, and Bhattacharya J “We Should Focus on Protecting the 
Vulnerable from COVID Infection”  Newsweek, Oct. 30, 2020. 
38. Kulldorff M and Bhattacharya J. “Lockdown Isn’t Working” Spectator, Nov. 2, 
2020. 
39. Kulldorff M, Gupta S, and Bhattacharya J.  Focused Protection: The Middle 
Ground between Lockdowns and “Let it Rip”.  Great Barrington Declaration, Nov. 
25, 2020. 
40. Bhattacharya J and Makridis C “Facts – not fear – will stop the pandemic” The 
Hill, Dec. 3, 2020. 
41. Bhattacharya J and Gupta S. “How to End the Lockdowns Next Month” Wall 
Street Journal, Dec. 17, 2020.  
42. Agarwal S and Bhattacharya J. “Majority Indians have natural immunity. 
Vaccinating entire population can cause great harm” The Print. January 11, 2021 
43. Nicholson T and Bhattacharya J. “Appropriate Use of PCR Needed for a Focused 
Response to the Pandemic” The Hill. January 29, 2021. 
44. Bhattacharya J and Kulldorff M. “Facebook is Silencing Debate on Lockdown.” 
Spiked Online. February 15, 2021. 
45. Bhattacharya J and Kulldorff M. “California’s Failed Response to Covid” Eureka. 
March 12, 2021 
46. Kulldorff M and Bhattacharya J. “One of the Lockdowns’ Greatest Casualties 
Could be Science.” The Federalist. March 18, 2021 
47. Bhattacharya J and Kulldorff M. “Vaccine Passports Prolong Lockdowns” Wall 
Street Journal. April 6, 2021. 
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September 2021 
48. Bhattacharya J. “Masks for Children, Muzzles for Covid-19 News.” Wall Street 
Journal. April 13, 2021. 
49. Bhattacharya J and Kulldorff M. “Lockdown proponents can’t escape the blame 
for the biggest public health fiasco in history” The Telegraph. April 24, 2021 
50. Bhattacharya J and Licon JA. “The High Costs of Lockdowns: An Interview with 
Dr. Bhattacharya” Eudaimonia Junction. April 26, 2021. 
51. Bhattacharya J. “Editor’s Note: Public Health Loses its Innocence.” Collateral 
Global. May 4, 2021. 
52. Bhattacharya J. “How the West Can Help India” Spectator. May 6, 2021 
53. Bhattacharya J and Giubilini A. “Immunity Passports: A Debate Between Jay 
Bhattacharya and Alberto Giubilini” Lockdown Sceptics. May 7, 2021. 
54. Bhattacharya J. “Editor’s Note: Children Are A Casualty of Lockdown.” Collateral 
Global. May 11, 2021. 
55. Kopinska JA, Atella V, Bhattacharya J, Miller G (2021) The Changing Relationship 
between Bodyweight and Longevity in High- and Low- Income Countries. 
National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper #28813. 
https://www.nber.org/papers/w28813 
56. Toubat O, Berg AH, Sobhani K, Mulligan K, Hori AM, Bhattacharya J, Sood N 
(2021) Manufacturer Signal-to-Cutoff Threshold Underestimates Cumulative 
Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Evidence from the Los Angeles Firefighters 
Study. medRxiv. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.20.21255829. 
57. Bendavid E, Oh C, Bhattacharya J, Ioannidis JPA. Response to Letters Re: 
'Assessing mandatory stay- At- Home and business closure effects on the spread 
of COVID- 19'. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2021 Mar:e13553. DOI: 
10.1111/eci.13553. 
58. Bhattacharya J. “What Does Lockdown and Focused Protection Mean in Nursing 
Homes?” Collateral Global. May 18, 2021. 
59. Bhattacharya J. “Cancer and Lockdown” Collateral Global. May 25, 2021. 
60. Kulldorff M and Bhattacharya J “It's mad that 'herd immunity' was ever a taboo 
phrase” The Telegraph, May 27, 2021  
61. Bhattacharya J, Gupta S, Kulldorff M, “The Beauty of Vaccines and Natural 
Immunity” Smerconish. June 4, 2021 
62. Bhattacharya J “Stanford professor challenges SJ Merc’s “Coronavirus Lessons 
Learned” assertions” Opportunity Now.  June 4, 2021 
63. Bhattacharya J “On the Catastrophic Misapplication of the Precautionary 
Principle” Collateral Global. June 14, 2021 
64. Kulldorff M and Bhattacharya J “The Ill-Advised Push to Vaccinate the Young” 
The Hill, June 17, 2021 
65. Sood N and Bhattacharya J “Mandatory Masking of School Children is a Bad 
Idea” Orange County Register, July 13, 2021. 
66. Green T and Bhattacharya J “Lockdowns are Killers in the Global South” UnHerd. 
July 22, 2021. 
67. Kulldorff M and Bhattacharya J “The Smear Campaign Against the Great 
Barrington Declaration” Spiked. Aug. 2, 2021 
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JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
68. Bhattacharya J and Boudreaux D “Eradication of COVID is a Dangerous and 
Expensive Fantasy” Wall Street Journal. Aug. 4, 2021 
 
 
BOOKS AND REPORTS (8 total) 
1. Yoshikawa A, Bhattacharya J, Vogt WB eds. Health Economics of Japan: Patients, 
Doctors, and Hospitals Under a Universal Health Insurance System, Tokyo: 
University of Tokyo Press, (1996).  
2. Goldman DP, Hurd M, Shekelle PG, Newberry SJ, Panis CWA, Shang B, 
Bhattacharya J, Joyce GF, Lakdawalla D.  Health Status and Medical Treatment of 
the Future Elderly: Final Report, TR-169-CMS, Santa Monica, CA: RAND (2004). 
3. Bhattacharya J, Currie J, Haider SJ, Variyam J. Evaluating the Impact of School 
Nutrition Programs: Final Report. E-FAN-04-008, Washington D.C.: Economic 
Research Service, USDA (2004). 
4. Bhattacharya J, Hyde T, Tu P. Health Economics, London: Palgrave-MacMillan, 
(2013).  
5. MaCurdy T, Bhattacharya J, Perlroth D, Shafrin J, Au-Yeung A, Bashour H, Chicklis 
C, Cronen K, Lipton B, Saneinejad S, Shrestha E, Zaidi S.  Geographic Variation in 
Spending, Utilization, and Quality: Medicare and Medicaid Beneficiaries. Acumen 
Report to the Institute of Medicine Committee Study of Geographic Variation in 
Health Care Spending and Promotion of High-Value Health Care, Washington, DC: 
Institute of Medicine (2013) 
6. MaCurdy T, Bhattacharya J, Shafrin J, Chicklis C, Cronen K, Friley J, Lipton B, Rogers 
D, Zaidi S. IOM Study of Geographic Variation: Growth Analysis.  Acumen Report 
to the Institute of Medicine Committee Study of Geographic Variation in Health 
Care Spending and Promotion of High-Value Health Care, Washington, DC: 
Institute of Medicine (2013) 
7. Bhattacharya J, Chandra A, Chernew M, Goldman D, Jena A, Lakdawalla D, Malani 
A, Philipson T. Best of Both Worlds: Uniting Universal Coverage and Personal 
Choice in Health Care, American Enterprise Institute (AEI) White Paper, 
Washington DC: AEI Press (2013) 
8. Bhattacharya J, Vail D, Moore D, Vogt W, Choradia N, Do R, Erickson K, Feinberg 
L, Isara F, Lin E, Narayanan V, Vaikath M, MaCurdy T. Medicare Current State and 
Future Trends Environment Scan.  Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services 
(CMS) White Paper (2019) 
 
BOOK CHAPTERS (15 total) 
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JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
1. Bhattacharya J, Garber AM, MaCurdy T. "Cause-Specific Mortality Among 
Medicare Enrollees," in Inquires in the Economics of Aging, D Wise (ed.), Chicago, 
IL:  University of Chicago Press. (1997). 
2. MaCurdy T, Nechyba T, Bhattacharya J. "Ch. 2: An Economic Model of the Fiscal 
Impacts of Immigration," The Immigration Debate: Studies on the Economic, 
Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration, J Smith (ed.), National Academy 
of Sciences Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education: 
Washington D.C., (1998). 
3. Bhattacharya J, Currie J. “Youths and Nutritional Risk: Malnourished or 
Misnourished?” in Risky Behavior Among Youths, J Gruber (ed.), (2001). 
4. Yoshikawa A. and Bhattacharya J. “Japanese Health Care” in World Health 
Systems: Challenges and Perspectives, Bruce Fried and Laura M. Gaydos (eds.), 
Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press (2002). 
5. Bhattacharya J, Cutler D, Goldman DP, Hurd MD, Joyce GF, Lakdawalla DN, Panis 
CWA, and Shang B, “Disability Forecasts and Future Medicare Costs” Frontiers in 
Health Policy Research, Vol. 6, Alan Garber and David Cutler (eds.) Boston, MA: 
MIT Press (2003). 
6. Bhattacharya J, Choudhry K, and Lakdawalla D. (2007) "Chronic Disease and 
Trends in Severe Disability in Working Age Populations" Proceedings from the 
Institute of Medicine workshop, 'Disability in America: An Update,' Institute of 
Medicine: Washington, D.C.  
7. Bhattacharya J, Garber AM, MaCurdy T. “Trends in Prescription Drug Use by the 
Disabled Elderly” in Developments in the Economics of Aging, D. Wise (ed), 
Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press (2009). 
8. Bhattacharya J and Richmond P “On Work and Health Among the American 
Poor” in Pathways to Self-Sufficiency: Getting Ahead in an Era Beyond Welfare 
Reform John Karl Scholz and Carolyn Heinrich (eds), New York, NY, Russell Sage 
Foundation (2009). 
9. Bhattacharya J, Garber A, MaCurdy T “The Narrowing Dispersion of Medicare 
Expenditures 1997-2005” in Research Findings in the Economics of Aging, D. Wise 
(ed.), Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press (2010)  
10. Bhattacharya J, Bundorf MK, Pace N, and Sood N “Does Health Insurance Make 
You Fat?” in Economic Aspects of Obesity Michael Grossman and Naci Mocan 
(eds.), Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press (2010)  
11. Bhattacharya J, Garber A, Miller M, and Perlroth D “The Value of Progress 
against Cancer in the Elderly” Investigations in the Economics of Aging, David 
Wise (ed), Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press (2012) 
12. Yoshikawa A. and Bhattacharya J. “Japanese Health Care” in World Health 
Systems: Challenges and Perspectives, 2nd edition, Bruce Fried and Laura M. 
Gaydos (eds.), Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press (2012). 
13. Hanson, J., Chandra, A., Moss, E., Bhattacharya, J. Wolfe, B., Pollak, S.D.. Brain 
Development and Poverty: Preliminary Findings. In Biological Consequences of 
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JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
Socioeconomic Inequalities. B. Wolfe, T. Seeman, and W. Evans (Eds). NY: Sage. 
(2012)  
14. Bhattacharya J “The Diffusion of New Medical Technologies: The Case of Drug-
Eluting Stents (A Discussion of Chandra, Malenka, and Skinner)” In Explorations 
in the Economics of Aging, David Wise (ed.), Chicago, IL, University of Chicago 
Press (2014). 
15. MaCurdy T and Bhattacharya J “Challenges in Controlling Medicare Spending: 
Treating Highly Complex Patients” in Insights in the Economics of Aging, David 
Wise (ed.) Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press (2015). 
 
 
ABSTRACTS (3) 
1. Su CK and Bhattacharya J. Longitudinal Hospitalization Costs and Outcomes in 
the Treatment of the Medicare Breast Cancer Patient. International Journal of 
Radiation Oncology Biology Physics (1996); 36(S1): 282. [abstract] 
2. Nguyen C, Hernandez-Boussard T., Davies S, Bhattacharya J, Khosla R, Curtin C. 
Cleft Palate Surgery: Variables of Quality and Patient Safety. Presented at the 
69th Annual American Cleft-Palate Craniofacial Association (2012). [abstract] 
3. Patel MI, Ramirez D, Agajanian R, Bhattacharya J, Milstein A, Bundorf MK. "The 
effect of a lay health worker-led symptom assessment intervention for patients 
on patient-reported outcomes, healthcare use, and total costs.” Journal of 
Clinical Oncology 36(15 Suppl):6502 [abstract] 
 
D. PUBLIC AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICE: 
JOURNAL EDITING 
Journal of Human Capital, Associate Editor (2015-present) 
American Journal of Managed Care, Guest Editor (2016) 
Journal of Human Resources, Associate Editor (2011-13) 
Forum for Health Economics & Policy, Editorial Board Member (2001-2012) 
Economics Bulletin, Associate Editor (2004-2009) 
 
SERVICE ON SCIENTIFIC REVIEW AND ADVISORY COMMITTEES (Selected) 
• Standing member of the Health Services Organization and Delivery (HSOD) NIH review 
panel, 2012-2016 
• NIH reviewer (various panels, too numerous to list) 2003-present 
• NIH Review Panel Chair:  2018 (P01 review), 2020 (DP1 review).  
• Invited Reviewer for the European Research Council, ERC Advanced Grant 2015 RFP 
• NIH Stage 2 Challenge Grant Review Panel, July 2009 
• Appointed a member of an Institute of Medicine (IOM) panel on the regulation of work 
hours by resident physicians, 2007-8. 
• Standing member of the NIH Social Science and Population Studies Review Panel, Fall 
2004-Fall 2008 
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JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
• Invited Reviewer for National Academy of Sciences report on Food Insecurity and 
Hunger, November 2005. 
• Invited Reviewer for the National Academy of Sciences report on the Nutrition Data 
Infrastructure, December 2004 
• Invited Reviewer for the National Institute on Health (NIH) Health Services Organization 
and Delivery Review Panel, June 2004, Alexandria, VA. 
• Invited Reviewer for the Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program US 
Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Research Proposal Review Panel, 
June 2004, Stanford, CA. 
• Invited Reviewer for the National Institute on Health (NIH) Social Science and Population 
Studies Review Panel, February 2004, Alexandria, VA. 
• Invited Reviewer for the National Institute on Health (NIH) Social Sciences and 
Population Studies Review Panel, November 2003, Bethesda, MD. 
• Invited Reviewer for the National Institute on Health (NIH) Social Science, Nursing, 
Epidemiology, and Methods (3) Review Panel, June 2003, Bethesda, MD. 
• Invited Reviewer for the Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program US 
Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Research Proposal Review Panel, 
August 2002. 
• Research Advisory Panel on Canadian Disability Measurement, Canadian Human 
Resources Development Applied Research Branch, June 2001 in Ottowa, Canada. 
• Invited Reviewer for the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health R18 
Demonstration Project Grants Review panel in July 2000, Washington D.C. 
• Research Advisory Panel on Japanese Health Policy Research.  May 1997 at the Center 
for Global Partnership, New York, NY. 
 
TESTIMONY TO GOVERNMENTAL PANELS AND AGENCIES (9) 
• US Senate Dec. 2020 hearing of the Subcommittee on Homeland Security and 
Governmental Affairs.  Testimony provided on COVID-19 mortality risk, collateral harms 
from lockdown policies, and the incentives of private corporations and the government 
to invest in research on low-cost treatments for COVID-19 disease 
• “Roundtable on Safe Reopening of Florida” led by Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis. September 
2020. 
• “Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates” July 2020 
hearing of the House Oversight Briefing to the Economic and Consumer Policy 
Subcommittee. 
• US Senate May 2020 virtual roundtable. Safely Restarting Youth Baseball and Softball 
Leagues, invited testimony 
• “Population Aging and Financing Long Term Care in Japan” March 2013 seminar at the 
Japanese Ministry of Health. 
• “Implementing the ACA in California” March 2011 testimony to California Legislature 
Select Committee on Health Care Costs. 
• “Designing an Optimal Data Infrastructure for Nutrition Research” June 2004 testimony 
to the National Academy of Sciences commission on “Enhancing the Data Infrastructure 
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JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
in Support of Food and Nutrition Programs, Research, and Decision Making,” 
Washington D.C. 
• “Measuring the Effect of Overtime Reform” October 1998 testimony to the California 
Assembly Select Committee on the Middle Class, Los Angeles, CA. 
• "Switching to Weekly Overtime in California."  April 1997 testimony to the California 
Industrial Welfare Commission, Los Angeles, CA. 
 
 
REFEREE FOR RESEARCH JOURNALS  
American Economic Review; American Journal of Health Promotion; American Journal of 
Managed Care; Education Next; Health Economics Letters; Health Services Research; Health 
Services and Outcomes Research Methodology; Industrial and Labor Relations Review; 
Journal of Agricultural Economics; Journal of the American Medical Association; Journal of 
Health Economics; Journal of Health Policy, Politics, and Law; Journal of Human Resources; 
Journal of Political Economy; Labour Economics; Medical Care; Medical Decision Making; 
Review of Economics and Statistics; Scandinavian Journal of Economics; Social Science and 
Medicine; Forum for Health Economics and Policy; Pediatrics; British Medical Journal 
 
Trainee                                     Current Position 
Peter Groeneveld, MD, MS      Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 
Jessica Haberer, MD, MS 
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School 
Melinda Henne, MD, MS          Director of Health Services Research, Bethesda Naval Hospital 
Byung-Kwang Yoo, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Public Health, UC Davis 
Hau Liu, MD, MS, MBA           Chief Medical Officer at Shanghai United Family Hospital 
Eran Bendavid, MD, MS            Assistant Professor, General Medicine Disciplines, Stanford University 
Kaleb Michaud, MS, PhD          Associate Professor of Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, 
                                                      University of Nebraska Medical Center 
Kanaka Shetty, MD                    Natural Scientist, RAND Corporation 
Christine Pal Chee, PhD 
Associate Director of the Health Economics Resource Center, Palo Alto VA 
Matthew Miller, MD 
VP Clinical Strategy and Head of Innovation, Landmark Health 
Vincent Liu, MD                          Research Scientist, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research 
Daniella Perlroth, MD 
Chief Data Scientist, Lyra Health 
Crystal Smith-Spangler, MD  Internist, Palo Alto Medical Foundation 
Barrett Levesque, MD MS 
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, UC San Diego Health System 
Torrey Simons, MD 
Clinical Instructor, Department of Medicine, Stanford University 
Nayer Khazeni, MD 
Assistant Professor of Medicine (Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine), 
Stanford University 
Monica Bhargava, MD MS 
Assistant Clinical Professor, UCSF School of Medicineilan 
Dhruv Kazi, MD 
Assistant Professor, UCSF School of Medicine  
Zach Kastenberg, MD 
Resident, Department of Surgery, Stanford University 
Kit Delgado, MD 
Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine and Faculty Fellow, 
University of Pennsylvania 
Suzann Pershing, MD 
Chief of Ophtalmology for the VA Palo Alto Health Care System 
KT Park, MD 
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Stanford University 
Jeremy Goldhaber-Fiebert, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Stanford University 
Sanjay Basu, MD 
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Stanford University 
Marcella Alsan, MD, PhD 
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine (CHP/PCOR), Stanford Univ. 
David Chan, MD, PhD 
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine (CHP/PCOR), Stanford Univ. 
Karen Eggleston, PhD 
Senior Fellow, Freeman Spogli Institute, Stanford University 
Kevin Erickson, MD 
Assistant Professor, Department of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine 
Ilana Richman, MD 
VA Fellow at CHP/PCOR, Stanford University 
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JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
Alexander Sandhu, MD 
VA Fellow at CHP/PCOR, Stanford University 
Michael Hurley 
Medical Student, Stanford University 
Manali Patel, MD 
Instructor, Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford University 
Dan Austin, MD 
Resident Physician, Department of Anesthesia, UCSF School of Medicine 
Anna Luan, MD 
Resident Physician, Department of Medicine, Stanford University 
Louse Wang 
Medical Student, Stanford University 
Christine Nguyen, MD 
Resident Physician, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School 
Josh Mooney, MD 
Instructor, Department of Medicine (Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine),  
 
Stanford University 
Eugene Lin, MD 
Fellow, Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Stanford University 
Eric Sun, MD 
Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University 
Sejal Hathi  
Medical Student, Stanford University 
Ibrahim Hakim  
Medical Student, Stanford University 
Archana Nair  
Medical Student, Stanford University 
Trishna Narula  
Medical Student, Stanford University 
Daniel Vail 
Medical Student, Stanford University 
Tej Azad 
Medical Student, Stanford University 
Jessica Yu, MD 
Fellow, Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), Stanford University 
Daniel Vail 
Medical Student, Stanford University 
Alex Sandhu, MD 
Fellow, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Stanford University 
Matthew Muffly, MD 
Clinical Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anesthesia, Stanford University 
 
Dissertation Committee Memberships 
Ron Borzekowski  
Ph.D. in Economics     
Stanford University              
2002 
Jason Brown         
 Ph.D. in Economics     
Stanford University             
2002 
Dana Rapaport      
  Ph.D. in Economics     
Stanford University             
2003 
Ed Johnson            
 Ph.D. in Economics   
Stanford University        
2003 
Joanna Campbell    
Ph.D. in Economics     
Stanford University        
2003 
Neeraj Sood*          
 Ph.D. in Public Policy  
RAND Graduate School       
2003 
James Pearce        
 Ph.D. in Economics 
Stanford University               
2004 
Mikko Packalen     
 Ph.D. in Economics  
Stanford University               
2005 
Kaleb Michaud*    
 Ph.D. in Physics   
Stanford University             
2006 
Kyna Fong             
 Ph.D. in Economics      
Stanford University              
2007 
Natalie Chun          
 Ph.D. in Economics      
Stanford University               
2008 
Sriniketh Nagavarapu   
 Ph.D in Economics      
Stanford University               
2008 
Sean Young 
 Ph.D. in Psychology 
Stanford University 
2008 
Andrew Jaciw       
 Ph.D. in Education       
Stanford University               
2010 
Chirag Patel 
 Ph.D. in Bioinformatics 
Stanford University 
2010 
Raphael Godefroy 
 Ph.D. in Economics 
Stanford University 
2010 
Neal Mahoney 
 Ph.D. in Economics 
Stanford University 
2011 
Alex Wong 
 Ph.D. in Economics 
Stanford University 
2012 
Kelvin Tan 
 Ph.D. in Management Science 
Stanford University 
2012 
Animesh Mukherjee 
 Masters in Liberal Arts Program 
Stanford University 
2012 
Jeanne Hurley 
 Masters in Liberal Arts Program 
Stanford University  
2012 
Patricia Foo 
 Ph.D. in Economics 
Stanford University 
2013 
Michael Dworsky 
 Ph.D. in Economics 
Stanford University 
2013 
Allison Holliday King 
 Masters in Liberal Arts Program 
Stanford University 
2013 
Vilsa Curto 
 Ph.D. in Economics 
Stanford University 
2015 
Rita Hamad 
 Ph.D. in Epidemiology 
Stanford University 
2016 
Atul Gupta 
 Ph.D. in Economics 
Stanford University 
2017 
Yiwei Chen 
 Ph.D. in Economics 
Stanford University 
2019 
Yiqun Chen 
 Ph.D. in Health Policy 
Stanford University 
2020 
Min Kim 
   Ph.D. in Economics 
Iowa State Univ.  
2021 
Bryan Tysinger 
 Ph.D. in Public Policy 
RAND Graduate School 
2021 
Case: 4:21-cv-01300-DDN   Doc. #:  9-5   Filed: 11/04/21   Page: 44 of 49 PageID #: 252

JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
 
 
 
 
E. GRANTS AND PATENTS 
PATENT (2) 
1. “Environmental Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis for Type 2 Diabetes 
Mellitus” with Atul Butte and Chirag Patel (2011), US Patent (pending). 
2. “Health Cost and Flexible Spending Account Calculator” with Schoenbaum M, Spranca 
M, and Sood N (2008), U.S. Patent No. 7,426,474. 
 
GRANTS AND SUBCONTRACTS (42) 
 
CURRENT (6)  
 
2019-2020                Funder: Acumen, LLC. 
                                   Title: Quality Reporting Program Support for the Long-Term Care Hospital,  
                                   Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility, Skilled Nursing Facility QRPs and Nursing    
                                   Home Compare 
                                   Role: PI  
2018-2020                Funder: Acumen, LLC.  
                                   Title: Surveillance Activities of Biologics 
                                   Role: PI  
2018-2020                Funder: France-Stanford Center for Interdisciplinary Studies 
                                   Title: A Nutritional Account of Global Trade: Determinants and Health  
                                   Implications 
                                   Role: PI 
2017-2023                Funder: National Institutes of Health  
                                   Title: The Epidemiology and Economics of Chronic Back Pain 
                                   Role: Investigator (PI: Sun)  
2017-2021                Funder: National Institutes of Health 
                                   Title: Big Data Analysis of HIV Risk and Epidemiology in Sub-Saharan Africa 
                                   Role: Investigator (PI: Bendavid)  
2016-2020                Funder: Acumen, LLC. 
                                   Title: MACRA Episode Groups and Resource Use Measures II 
                                   Role: PI 
 
 
PREVIOUS (36) 
 
2016-2018                Funder: University of Kentucky 
                                   Title: Food acquisition and health outcomes among new SNAP recipients  
                                    since the Great Recession 
                                    Role: PI 
2015-2019                 Funder: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation 
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JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
                                    Title: Public versus Private Provision of Health Insurance 
                                    Role: PI  
2015-2019                 Funder: Natural Science Foundation 
                                    Title: Health Insurance Competition and Healthcare Costs 
                                    Role: Investigator (PI: Levin)  
2014-2015                 Funder: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 
                                    Title: Effect of Social Isolation and Loneliness on Healthcare Utilization 
                                    Role: PI  
2014-2015                 Funder: AARP 
                                    Title: The Effect of Social Isolation and Loneliness on Healthcare Utilization   
                                    and Spending among Medicare Beneficiaries 
                                    Role: PI  
2013-2019                Funder: National Bureau of Economic Research 
                                   Title: Innovations in an Aging Society 
                                   Role: PI  
2013-2014                Funder: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation 
            Title: Improving Health eating among Children through Changes in 
            Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) 
 
                    Role: Investigator (PI: Basu) 
2011-2016                Funder: National Institutes of Health (R37) 
            Title: Estimating the Potential Medicare Savings from Comparative  
                      Effectiveness Research   
                      Role: PI Subaward (PI: Garber) 
2011-2016                Funder: National Institute of Aging (P01) 
 
                    Title: Improving Health and Health Care for Minority and Aging Populations 
 
                    Role: PI Subcontract (PI: Wise)  
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September 2021 
2010-2018                Funder: National Institutes of Health 
                                   Title: Clinic, Family & Community Collaboration to Treat Overweight and 
                                   Obese Children 
                                   Role: Investigator (PI: Robinson)  
2010-2014                Funder: Agency for Health, Research and Quality (R01) 
 
                    Title: The Effects of Private Health Insurance in Publicly Funded Programs 
 
                    Role: Investigator (PI: Bundorf)  
2010-2013                Funder: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 
                                   Title: G-code" Reimbursement and Outcomes in Hemodialysis 
                                   Role: Investigator (PI: Erickson)  
2010-2013                Funder: University of Southern California 
                                   Title: The California Medicare Research and Policy Center 
                                   Role: PI  
2010-2012                Funder: University of Georgia 
                                   Title: Natural Experiments and RCT Generalizability: The Woman's Health  
                                   Initiative 
                                   Role: PI  
2010-2011                Funder: National Bureau of Economic Research 
                                   Title: Racial Disparities in Health Care and Health Among the Elderly 
                                   Role: PI 
2009-2020               Funder: National Institute of Aging (P30) 
                            Title: Center on the Demography and Economics of Health and Aging 
                            Role: PI (2011-2020) 
2009-2011               Funder: Rand Corporation 
                                  Title: Natural Experiments and RCT Generalizability: The Woman's Health  
                                  Initiative 
                                  Role: PI  
2008-2013           Funder: American Heart Association 
                              Title: AHA-PRT Outcomes Research Center 
                              Role: Investigator (PI: Hlatky)  
2007-2009           Funder: National Institute of Aging (R01) 
                              Title: The Economics of Obesity  
                              Role:  PI 
2007-2009           Funder:  Veterans Administration, Health Services Research and        
                              Development Service  
                              Title: Quality of Practices for Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Staging 
                              Role: Investigator 
2007-2008           Funder: Stanford Center for Demography and Economics of Health and 
                        Aging 
                        Title: The HIV Epidemic in Africa and the Orphaned Elderly 
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September 2021 
                        Role: PI 
2007                      Funder: University of Southern California 
                        Title:  The Changes in Health Care Financing and Organization Initiative 
                        Role: PI  
2006-2010           Funder: National Institute of Aging (K02) 
                        Title: Health Insurance Provision for Vulnerable Populations 
                        Role: PI 
2006-2010           Funder: Columbia University/Yale University 
                        Title: Dummy Endogenous Variables in Threshold Crossing Models, with  
                        Applications to Health Economics 
                        Role: PI 
2006-2007           Funder: Stanford Center for Demography and Economics of Health and Aging 
                        Title: Obesity, Wages, and Health Insurance 
                        Role: PI 
2005-2009           Funder: National Institute of Aging (P01 Subproject)  
                        Title: Medical Care for the Disabled Elderly  
                              Role: Investigator (PI: Garber) 
2005-2008           Funder: National Institute of Aging (R01)  
                        Title: Whom Does Medicare Benefit? 
                        Role: PI Subcontract (PI: Lakdawalla) 
 
2002                      Funder: Stanford Center for Demography and Economics of Health and Aging 
                         Title: Explaining Changes in Disability Prevalence Among Younger and Older  
                         American Populations 
                         Role: PI 
2001-2003            Funder: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01) 
                         Title: State and Federal Policy and Outcomes for HIV+ Adults  
                         Role: PI Subcontract (PI: Goldman) 
2001-2002            Funder: National Institute of Aging (R03) 
                         Title: The Economics of Viatical Settlements 
                         Role: PI 
2001-2002            Funder: Robert Woods Johnson Foundation  
                         Title: The Effects of Medicare Eligibility on Participation in Social Security  
                         Disability Insurance 
                         Role: PI Subcontract (PI: Schoenbaum) 
2001-2002            Funder: USDA  
                         Title: Evaluating the Impact of School Breakfast and Lunch 
                         Role: Investigator 
2001-2002            Funder: Northwestern/Univ. of Chicago Joint Center on Poverty  
                         Title: The Allocation of Nutrition with Poor American Families  
                         Role: PI Subcontract 
 (PI: Haider) 
2000-2002            Funder: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (R03) 
                         Title: The Demand for Alcohol Treatment Services  
                         Role: PI 
2000-2001            Funder: USDA 
                         Title: How Should We Measure Hunger? 
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JAY BHATTACHARYA, M.D., Ph.D. 
 
September 2021 
 
 
F. SCHOLARSHIPS AND HONORS 
 
• Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society, 1988 
• Distinction and Departmental Honors in Economics, Stanford University, 1990 
• Michael Forman Fellowship in Economics, Stanford University, 1991-1992 
• Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Fellowship 1993-1995  
• Outstanding Teaching Assistant Award, Stanford University, Economics, 1994 
• Center for Economic Policy Research, Olin Dissertation Fellowship, 1997-1998 
• Distinguished Award for Exceptional Contributions to Education in Medicine, 
Stanford University, 2005, 2007, and 2013. 
• Dennis Aigner Award for the best applied paper published in the Journal of 
Econometrics, 2013 
                         Role: PI Subcontract (PI: Haider) 
Case: 4:21-cv-01300-DDN   Doc. #:  9-5   Filed: 11/04/21   Page: 49 of 49 PageID #: 257

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