First Circuit Judgment — New York v. Trump (Federal Funding Freeze) (1st Cir.)

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U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · No. 25-1236 · Doc. 00118417753 · 2026-03-16 · Docket on CourtListener

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United States Court of Appeals 
For the First Circuit 
_____________________ 
 
Nos. 25-1236, 25-1413 
 
STATE OF NEW YORK; STATE OF CALIFORNIA; STATE OF ILLINOIS; STATE OF 
RHODE ISLAND; STATE OF NEW JERSEY; COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS; 
STATE OF ARIZONA; STATE OF COLORADO; STATE OF CONNECTICUT; STATE OF 
DELAWARE; DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA; STATE OF HAWAII; STATE OF MAINE; 
STATE OF MARYLAND; STATE OF MICHIGAN; STATE OF MINNESOTA; STATE OF 
NEVADA; STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA; STATE OF NEW MEXICO; STATE OF 
OREGON; STATE OF VERMONT; STATE OF WASHINGTON; STATE OF WISCONSIN; 
and OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR OF KENTUCKY, ex rel. ANDREW BESHEAR, in his 
official capacity as Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky,  
 
Plaintiffs, Appellees, 
 
v. 
 
DONALD J. TRUMP, in his official capacity as President of the United States; U.S. OFFICE OF 
MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET; RUSSELL T. VOUGHT, in his official capacity as Director 
of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY; 
SCOTT BESSENT, in his official capacity as Secretary of the Treasury; BRANDON L. 
BEACH, in his official capacity as Treasurer of the United States; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF 
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES; ROBERT F. KENNEDY, JR., in his official capacity as 
Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF 
EDUCATION; LINDA M. MCMAHON, in her official capacity as Secretary of Education; 
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY; KAREN S. EVANS, in her official 
capacity as Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Administrator of the U.S. Federal 
Emergency Management Agency; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION; SEAN P. 
DUFFY, in his official capacity as Secretary of Transportation; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF 
LABOR; LORI CHAVEZ-DEREMER, in her official capacity as Secretary of Labor; U.S. 
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY; CHRISTOPHER A. WRIGHT, in his official capacity as 
Secretary of the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
AGENCY; LEE M. ZELDIN, in his official capacity as Administrator of the U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; KRISTI NOEM, in 
her official capacity as Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. 
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR; DOUGLAS J. BURGUM, in his official capacity as 
Secretary of the Interior; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE; PAMELA J. BONDI, in her 
official capacity as Attorney General; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE; BROOKE L. 
ROLLINS, in her official capacity as Secretary of Agriculture; NATIONAL SCIENCE 
FOUNDATION; SETHURAMAN PANCHANATHAN, in his official capacity as Director of 
the National Science Foundation; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN 
DEVELOPMENT; SCOTT TURNER, in his official capacity as Secretary of Housing and 
Case: 25-1236     Document: 00118417753     Page: 1      Date Filed: 03/16/2026      Entry ID: 6793671

Urban Development; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE; U.S. AGENCY FOR 
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT; MARCO RUBIO, in his official capacities as Secretary 
of State and Acting Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. 
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE; PETER HEGSETH, in his official capacity as Secretary of 
Defense; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS; DOUGLAS A. COLLINS, in his 
official capacity as Secretary of Veterans Affairs; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE; 
HOWARD W. LUTNICK, in his official capacity as Secretary of Commerce; NATIONAL 
AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION; JARED ISAACMAN, in his official 
capacity as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 
CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNTIY SERVICE; JENNIFER BASTRESS 
TAHMASEBI, in her official capacity as Interim Head of the Corporation for National and 
Community Service; U.S. SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION; FRANK J. 
BISIGNANO, in his official capacity as Commissioner of the U.S. Social Security 
Administration; U.S. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION; and KELLY L. LOEFFLER, in 
her official capacity as Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration,  
 
Defendants, Appellants. 
__________________ 
 
JUDGMENT 
 
Entered: March 16, 2026  
 
 
This cause came on to be heard on appeal from the United States District Court for the 
District of Rhode Island and was argued by counsel. 
 
 
Upon consideration whereof, it is now here ordered, adjudged and decreed as follows:  The 
March 6, 2025 preliminary injunction is affirmed in part and vacated in part, the April 4, 2025 and 
April 14, 2025 orders are affirmed, and the matter is remanded for further proceedings consistent 
with the opinion issued this day.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By the Court: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anastasia Dubrovsky, Clerk 
 
 
cc:  Hon. John J. McConnell, Hanorah Tyer-Witek, Clerk, United States District Court for the 
District of Rhode Island, Sara Miron Bloom, Lauren S. Zurier, Eric Dean McArthur, Daniel Tenny, 
Brett Allen Shumate, Brian James Springer, Kevin Love Hubbard, Sean Janda, Michael J. Myers, 
Rabia Muqaddam, Mark Stephen Grube, Molly Thomas-Jensen, Zoe Levine, Judith N. Vale, 
Christine Chuang, Marie Elizabeth Logan, Theodore McCombs, Laura L. Faer, Michael Louis 
Newman, Alex Hemmer, Kathryn M. Sabatini, Sarah Rice, Leonard Giarrano IV, Jeremy 
Feigenbaum, Angela Cai, Shankar Duraiswamy, David C. Kravitz, Katherine B. Dirks, Turner 
Smith, Anna Esther Lumelsky, Vanessa Arslanian, Nathaniel J. Hyman, Chris Pappavaselio, 
Joshua Bendor, Shannon Wells Stevenson, Jill Lacedonia, Michael Kenneth Skold, Vanessa L. 
Case: 25-1236     Document: 00118417753     Page: 2      Date Filed: 03/16/2026      Entry ID: 6793671

Kassab, Ian R. Liston, Caroline S. Van Zile, David Dana Day, Kalikoonalani Diara Fernandes, 
Jason David Anton, Adam D. Kirschner, Julia Doyle, Neil Giovanatti, Linus Banghart-Linn, 
Elizabeth C. Kramer, Heidi Parry Stern, Daniel Paul Mosteller, Anjana Samant, Robert A. Koch, 
Jonathan T. Rose, Andrew R.W. Hughes, Leah Brown, Aaron Bibb, Freedom Cheteni, Laura 
Crittenden Tipton, Steven Travis Mayo, Matthew F. Kuhn, Brianne J. Gorod, Jay Sekulow, Joseph 
S. Larisa Jr., Benjamin Paul Sisney, Brandon Scott Bell, Nathan Jeremiah Moelker, Olivia F. 
Summers, Alexander Hunt Haberbush, Christina Wentworth, Nikhel Sus, Samuel R. Bagenstos, 
Jennifer H. Wu, Jennifer Rea Deneault, Eric Alan Stone, Peter Sandel, Alexander Samuel Evelson, 
Josephine Young, Jenny C. Wu, Philip Scott May, Susannah Weaver, Patrick Jacobi, Vincent 
Levy, Charlotte Baigent, Kevin D. Benish, Christopher Kim, Vincent Nolette, Joshua B. Shiffrin, 
James Alexander Rowell, David A. O'Neil, Beatrice A. Walton, Raphael M. Vim, William F. 
Goncher, Thomas Zimpleman, Brian A. Sutherland, Maura Eileen O'Connor, Melanie Gold 
Case: 25-1236     Document: 00118417753     Page: 3      Date Filed: 03/16/2026      Entry ID: 6793671

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