Full text
SBA SOP 50 53 (2)
__________________
Supervision and Enforcement
Office of Credit Risk Management
U.S. Small Business Administration
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE
SUBJECT: S.O.P. REV
Supervision and Enforcement SECTION NO.
SOP 50 53 2
INTRODUCTION
1. Purpose: Update SBA procedures for supervision and enforcement of SBA Lenders and Intermediaries.
2. Personnel Concerned: All SBA Employees
3. SOP Cancelled: SOP 50 53 (A)
4. Updated Information: The Office of Capital Access has updated SOP 50 53 to incorporate developments
in SBA’s supervision and enforcement program given new legislation, regulations, notices, delegations
of authority, and evolving practices. This update is accomplished within the current SOP framework for
the Office of Credit Risk Management (OCRM) supervision and enforcement and notably includes
SBA’s Risk-Based Review Protocol, PARRiS and SMART methodologies, civil monetary penalties,
temporary suspensions/revocations of Secondary Market Sales authority under 13 CFR 120.660, Lender
oversight fees, receivership provisions for SBA Supervised Lenders and CDCs, and oversight of SBA
Lender management of Agent activities. In addition, it updates Lender peer groups, the corrective action
process, Informal Enforcement Actions, confidentiality of supervisory information, guidance on
shortened and non-renewal of delegated authority, and Intermediary enforcement. In this revision, SBA
has added cross-references to statutory, regulatory, and other authorities strengthening the SOP. Finally,
OCRM has also added oversight guidance from SOP 50 10, allowing that SOP to streamline its overview
of SBA oversight in its next version.
5. Originator: Office of Capital Access
AUTHORIZED BY: EFFECTIVE DATE
William Manger, Associate
January 1, 2021
Administrator PAGE
Office of Capital Access
SBA Form 989(5-90) Ref: SOP 00 23 8
This form was electronically produced by Elite Federal Forms, Inc.
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2. Notice of Implementation ............................................................................................................... 8
3. Authority .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Chapter 2: OCRM Monitoring and Risk Based Review/Exam Protocol ............................................ 10
1. Overview and General Policy....................................................................................................... 10
2. Determining the Level of Monitoring.......................................................................................... 11
3. Participant Monitoring and Review Tools.................................................................................. 13
4. Reports ........................................................................................................................................... 19
5. Corrective Action Assessments .................................................................................................... 19
6. Timing and Frequency of Monitoring ......................................................................................... 19
Chapter 3: OCRM Increased Supervision of Participant’s SBA Operation ...................................... 23
1. Overview and General Policy....................................................................................................... 23
2. Determining Level of Increased Supervision .............................................................................. 23
3. Types of Increased Supervision ................................................................................................... 24
4. Headquarters Meeting .................................................................................................................. 28
5. Increased Reporting...................................................................................................................... 28
6. Capital Restoration Plan (Only SBA Supervised Lenders) ....................................................... 28
7. Accelerated Scheduling of Review/ Examination ....................................................................... 28
8. Watch List...................................................................................................................................... 28
9. Proceedings Resultant from Increased Supervision .................................................................. 29
Chapter 4: OCRM Enforcement ............................................................................................................ 30
1. Overview and General Policy........................................................................................................... 30
2. Determining Severity of Enforcement Action ................................................................................ 31
3. Grounds for Enforcement Actions .................................................................................................. 33
4. Enforcement Actions ........................................................................................................................ 35
5. Enforcement Procedures .................................................................................................................. 39
6. Receiverships ..................................................................................................................................... 43
7. Part 103 Enforcement Procedures................................................................................................... 46
Chapter 5: Oversight Fees........................................................................................................................ 49
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1. Fees that SBA may charge 7(a) Lenders for Lender Oversight ................................................ 49
2. How and When SBA Allocates 7(a) Lender Oversight Fees ..................................................... 49
3. How SBA Invoices the Fees .......................................................................................................... 50
4. SBA’s Policy Regarding Delinquent Oversight Fees ................................................................. 50
5. Consequences of Failure to Pay Lender Oversight Fees ........................................................... 50
Appendix 1: Current PARRiS Component Factors ......................................................................... 51
Appendix 2: Current SMART Component Factors ......................................................................... 54
Appendix 3: Sample PARRiS Scorecard with Benchmarks and PARRiS Indicators ................... 56
Appendix 4: Sample SMART Scorecard with Benchmarks ............................................................ 57
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction
1. Introduction
a. This SOP establishes SBA's procedures for supervision and enforcement actions
for SBA's 7(a) lenders, Certified Development Companies (“CDCs”), and
Microloan Intermediaries (“Intermediaries”), 1 as it relates to their SBA lending
operations. Throughout this SOP, SBA 7(a) Lenders and CDCs are referred
together as “SBA Lenders” while SBA Lenders and Intermediaries are collectively
referred to as “Participants”.
The SOP describes appropriate actions in response to a Participant’s violation of
law, rules, regulations, SBA notices, and/or unsafe and unsound practices or
conditions.
This SOP also addresses SBA monitoring of a Participant’s management of Agent
activity along with enforcement procedures for Agents that participate in SBA
business loan programs. For purposes of this SOP, “Agent” refers to an Agent under
13 CFR § 103.l(a) of an Applicant or Participant in SBA's business loan programs. 2
b. The SBA has an active program of educating, monitoring, and overseeing
Participants, 3 the purpose of which is to:
i. Maximize the efficiency of SBA's 7(a), 504 and Microloan programs by
effectively managing program credit risk, monitoring Participant
performance, and enforcing Loan Program Requirements (as defined in 13
CFR § 120.10) to ensure the viability of SBA lending;
ii. Identify unacceptable risk profiles to encourage compliance, and as
appropriate, enforce program lending requirements to improve and manage
the risk of individual Participants as well as the aggregate risk of SBA's loan
portfolios; and
iii. Promote responsible credit gap lending that supports SBA's mission to
increase access to capital to small businesses.
c. General Approach to Credit Risk Management. The Agency initially seeks to
educate and work with Participants using graduated processes for the Participant to
reduce risk and come into compliance before taking any enforcement action.
Specifically, SBA educates Participants on SBA Loan Program Requirements
1
Note: SBA may, in its judgement and discretion, apply certain of these SOP provisions to Microloan
Intermediaries and to Intermediary Lending Pilot Program Intermediaries.
2
This includes for example, Lender Service Providers, consultants, and brokers/referral agents.
3
13 CFR § 120.1000.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
through SOPs, notices, webinar/teleconference training, and at conferences. In
addition, when SBA identifies risk or noncompliance through monitoring or
reviews, SBA generally seeks to work with the Participant through a corrective
action process or Increased Supervision to address SBA concerns. As a result, most
Participants come into compliance, reduce risk, and avoid facing enforcement
actions. SBA generally takes enforcement action only when the Participant cannot
sufficiently reduce risk, cannot correct serious noncompliance, or does not have the
willingness or ability to correct. See 85 FR 14772 (March 16, 2020).
d. General Principals for Application of Monitoring, Increased Supervision and
Enforcement with Respect to Participants. SBA has a responsibility to
appropriately manage and oversee its loan programs and the requirements it places
on Participants (15 USC § 657t). General principals for application of oversight:
i. Risk-based to best utilize resources.
ii. Use graduated processes (with flexibility to administer appropriate
supervisory actions earlier to address progressively serious risk concerns)
as follows:
a) Routine monitoring. Most problems and weaknesses should be
identified and addressed through routine monitoring, including the
corrective action process.
b) Intensive monitoring. Issues not addressed or of higher risk should
be addressed through Increased Supervision.
c) Enforcement actions. Anticipate that following routine and intensive
monitoring only a smaller number of problems/issues will remain
and need to be addressed through enforcement actions.
iii. Identify and address risk-based concerns and ultimately, if necessary, make
determinations about a Participant’s continuing participation in SBA's
lending programs.
iv. Processes and procedures are evolutionary. Because programs develop,
markets are fluid, and technologies are evolving, SBA's approaches will
adapt with them.
e. Oversight and Type of Participant: The extent of monitoring, Increased Supervision
and Enforcement will depend upon the type of SBA Participant overseen, (e.g.,
SBA Supervised Lenders 4 versus 7(a) Lenders regulated by Federal Financial
Institution Regulators 5) and the extent to which SBA may rely on or coordinate
oversight with a Participant’s primary federal regulator. For 7(a) Lenders regulated
4
SBA Supervised Lenders are defined in 13 CFR § 120.10.
5
Federal Financial Institution Regulators are defined in 13 CFR § 120.10.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
by the Federal Financial Institution Regulators (“Federally Regulated 7(a)
Lenders”), references in this document to SBA supervision and SBA supervisory
activities or actions refer to the Participants' SBA operations.
f. Documentation: Supervisory and enforcement actions are supported through
documentation provided by the SBA staff, such as a Financial Analyst.
g. This SOP provides guidance on how the Office of Credit Risk Management
(OCRM):
i. Groups and prioritizes actions into "large" and "small" dollar-magnitude
risk categories;
ii. Conducts supervisory activities both on-site and off-site;
iii. Selects the action or combination of actions best suited to effectively
supervise Participants in a consistent manner while preserving flexibility
for specific circumstances; and
iv. Selects enforcement actions.
h. Supervision and Confidentiality: Each Participant and Permitted Party (as defined
in 13 CFR § 120.1060) or others for whom SBA has approved access by prior
written consent is prohibited from disclosing its Reports, 6 Lender Risk Ratings, 7
Lender Confidential Information 8 and related information, in whole or in part, in
any manner, without SBA’s prior written permission. Permitted Parties include
parent entities, officers, directors, employees, auditors, and consultants, in each
case who demonstrate a legitimate need to know such information for the purpose
of assisting in improving the Participant’s operations in conjunction with SBA’s
Program and SBA’s portfolio management. Consultants must be under a written
contract with the Participant specifically to assist with addressing Report Findings
and Corrective Actions. The Agreement must state the consultant agrees to abide
by the disclosure prohibition and must state consultant must not use the Report,
Lender Risk Rating, or Confidential Information for any purpose other than to assist
that Lender with addressing its Findings and Corrective Actions. Consultants and
Permitted Parties do not include Lender Service Providers. An approved party other
6
Reports mean the review or examination report and related documents.
7
Lender Risk Ratings are also known as “Risk Ratings” (which are defined in 13 CFR § 120.10) and
“Lender Purchase Ratings” (“LPR”).
8
Confidential Information includes all the Participant-related information/data contained in the Lender
Portal except the dollar amounts associated with SBA purchase of and charge off of Participant’s loans and
information already publicly available related to the Participant’s capital, non-performing assets, and
regulatory actions (e.g., from a bank’s public Call Report). Confidential Information also includes any
information related to SBA’s supervision of the Participant (e.g., review or corrective action
correspondence) and any actions taken by SBA related to enforcement (e.g., Informal Enforcement Actions
as defined in SOP 50 53 or by regulation, notices of proposed enforcement action) unless made public by
SBA (e.g., in a Cease and Desist Order).
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Chapter 1: Introduction
than a Permitted Party (e.g., a prospective buyer of an SBLC license) must execute
a nondisclosure agreement approved in advance by SBA. A Participant and
Permitted Party must not make any representations concerning the Report, Lender
Risk Rating, or Confidential Information. The Report, Lender Risk Rating, and
Confidential Information must not be relied upon for any purpose other than SBA
oversight and SBA’s portfolio management purposes. A Participant must ensure
that Permitted Parties are aware of and agree to the regulatory requirements (e.g.,
no subsequent disclosure, safeguarding the information, no reliance) and ensure
that each such Permitted Party abides by the requirements.
The prohibition on disclosure in 13 CFR § 120.1060 does not create enforceable
rights by Participant. Participant must not unilaterally disclose such information to
other bank regulators or agencies. Participant must refer those parties to SBA. SBA
may disclose Reports, Lender Risk Ratings, or other Confidential Information in its
discretion (e.g., to other Federal and state regulators); however, such disclosures do
not waive any privilege nor Participant’s obligation under 13 CFR § 120.1060 to
maintain the confidentiality of the information.
i. This SOP provides general internal guidance on how SBA conducts supervision
and enforcement responsibilities. It is intended to be flexible to consider individual
facts and circumstances. It does not intend that every consideration factor or step
must always be applied. SBA will use this guidance along with judgment and
Agency discretion in making supervisory and enforcement determinations.
Therefore, this SOP is not intended to, does not, and may not be relied upon to,
create rights, substantive or procedural for Participants or any other party
enforceable at law or in any administrative proceeding against SBA.
2. Notice of Implementation
a. This SOP is effective beginning January 1, 2021.
b. This SOP is supplemented by SOP 51 00, which details SBA standard operating
procedures for reviews and examinations for 7(a) Lenders, CDCs, and
Intermediaries.
3. Authority
The following statutory and regulatory citations provide authority for this SOP: 15 USC §
650; 15 USC § 657t and u; 15 USC § 634 note, citing, Public Law 104-208, Division D,
Title I, § 103(h); 15 USC § 634(b)(14); 15 USC § 634(b)(7); 15 USC § 636(a)(2)(C)(iii);
15 USC § 636(a)(31) and (m); 15 USC § 633(b)(3); 15 USC § 634(f); 15 USC § 687(f); 15
USC § 696(3)(A); 15 USC § 697(a)(2); 15 USC § 697e(c)(8); 15 USC § 634(b)(6); 15 USC
§ 697d, e, and g; 13 CFR Parts 103 and 120; SBA’s Delegations of Authority No. 12-G,
Rev. 1, 79 FR 56842 (Sept. 23, 2014) as amended by Amendment 1, 83 FR 48681 (Sept.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
26, 2018) (Delegations of Authority); SBA Lender Risk Rating System Notice, 79 FR
24053 (April 29, 2014). See also 13 CFR § 120.10 for key lender oversight definitions.
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Chapter 2: OCRM Monitoring and Risk Based Review/Exam Protocol
Chapter 2: OCRM Monitoring and Risk Based Review/Exam Protocol
1. Overview and General Policy
a. Generally, OCRM oversees SBA's Participants to identify unacceptable risk
profiles and, if appropriate, enforce Loan Program Requirements to improve and
manage the risk of individual Participants as well as the aggregate risk of SBA's
loan portfolio.
This is accomplished through monitoring to:
i. Identify Participants whose SBA program risk exceeds SBA's risk tolerance
levels.
ii. Identify problems and weaknesses in Participants' SBA program
performance.
iii. Assist Participants in correcting problems and weaknesses before they
become serious problems.
iv. Enable SBA Lenders to proactively manage their SBA programs through
the Lender Portal.
b. For SBA Lenders, OCRM uses flexible risk-based protocols, which consider SBA
Lender specific facts and circumstances. The risk-based protocols feature two
composite risk measurement methodologies and scoring guides commonly referred
to as “PARRiS” and “SMART”.
i. PARRiS is an acronym for the specific risk areas or components that SBA
reviews for SBA 7(a) Lenders. PARRiS components are as follows: “P” -
Portfolio Performance; “A” - Asset Management; “R” - Regulatory
Compliance; “Ri” - Risk Management; “S” - Special Items.
ii. SMART is an acronym for the specific risk areas or components that SBA
reviews for CDCs. SMART components are as follows: “S” – Solvency and
Financial Condition; “M” – Management and Board Governance; “A” –
Asset Quality and Servicing; “R” – Regulatory Compliance; “T” –
Technical Issues and Mission.
Each PARRiS and SMART component includes quantitative and qualitative
performance factors. For a list of the quantitative and qualitative factors currently
being used, see Appendix 1 for PARRiS component factors and Appendix 2 for
SMART component factors. Review of the factors assists SBA in better identifying
an SBA Lender’s specific risk areas, assess the level of risk a Participant poses to
SBA, and make recommendations for corrective action as needed.
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Chapter 2: OCRM Monitoring and Risk Based Review/Exam Protocol
c. For Intermediaries, given the unique contribution of this program to SBA's mission,
the potential program integrity and program reputational risk, and the relatively
small dollar level of risk, OCRM will conduct its monitoring practices to reflect
these aspects of the microloan portfolio.
d. For Participants, OCRM generally conducts monitoring/reviews of Participants
commensurate with the dollar level of lending and the relative risk to the Agency's
program portfolio, as determined by SBA, in its discretion. While SBA will
generally follow the guidance set forth below on the level and type of Participant
monitoring, SBA reserves the right to use its judgment and discretion in making
individual determinations, as appropriate.
e. A Participant must maintain sufficient documentation and complete loan files to
support the Participant has met Loan Program Requirements. A Participant must
allow SBA’s authorized representatives, including representatives authorized by
the SBA Inspector General, during normal business hours, access to its files to
review, inspect, and copy all records and documents, relating to its SBA loan
portfolio or as requested for SBA oversight. A Participant must also timely submit
such documentation or reports to SBA as required or upon request. See 13 CFR §
120.180 and § 120.1010.
2. Determining the Level of Monitoring
a. Level of monitoring is determined by relative magnitude of risk among individual
Participants within their respective loan programs. Larger dollar-volume
Participants are generally subject to greater monitoring, as they expose SBA to a
greater level of potential risk than smaller dollar-volume Participants.
b. Level of monitoring is also tailored to the Participant and designed to identify
weaknesses in the Participant's conformance with SBA Loan Program
Requirements as defined and applied in 13 CFR § 120.10 and § 120.180,
respectively.
Monitoring includes:
i. SBA portfolio performance;
ii. Credit quality;
iii. Non-lending requirements (e.g., 1502 Reporting and resolution of
receivables due the SBA);
iv. Financial Condition; and
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Chapter 2: OCRM Monitoring and Risk Based Review/Exam Protocol
v. Consideration of the relative extent of risk to SBA (e.g., dollar and/or
program integrity risk).
c. To define groups of SBA Lenders by dollar risk to SBA, the following peer groups
have been established:
i. For 7(a) Lenders, peer groups are based upon gross outstanding SBA loan
dollars, as follows:
a) $350,000,000 or more
b) $100,000,000 - $349,999,999
c) $10,000,000 - $99,999,999
d) $4,000,000 - $9,999,999
e) $1,000,000 - $3,999,999
f) $0 - $3,999,999B (active with at least one loan disbursed in past 12
months)
g) $0 - $3,999,999A (inactive with no loans disbursed within the past
12 months)
ii. For the 504 program CDCs, peer groups are based upon gross outstanding
SBA loan dollars, as follows:
a) $350,000,000 or more
b) $100,000,000 - $349,999,999
c) $30,000,000 - $99,999,999
d) $10,000,000 - $29,999,999
e) $5,000,000 - $9,999,999
f) $0 - $4,999,999
iii. For Intermediaries, no peer groups have been established at this time.
d. Generally, SBA Lenders with gross outstanding SBA loan dollars greater than
$10,000,000 receive monitoring conducted through in-depth reviews/examinations
and performance monitoring. SBA Lenders below that threshold typically receive
monitoring conducted primarily through desktop reviews and performance
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monitoring. However, when an SBA Lender with a portfolio less than $10,000,000
in SBA Share Dollars has higher risk characteristics, SBA may, in its discretion,
increase the level of monitoring or supervision, including conducting additional and
expanded scope reviews.
e. For Intermediaries, SBA's oversight is structured to reflect the risks of this portfolio
including those associated with program integrity and program reputational risks as
well as the dollar level of risk.
3. Participant Monitoring and Review Tools
a. Reporting. Required regular reporting for all Participants provides a partial basis of
monitoring. Required reporting includes, but is not limited to, the following, by
type of Participant.
i. All 7(a) Lenders - SBA Form 1502 and SBA Form 172 reporting.
ii. CDCs - Annual Reports (due within 180 days of each CDC’s fiscal year
end), CDC Quarterly Delinquency Report, Liquidation Plans, Premier
Certified Lenders Program Loan Loss Reserve Fund Reporting, and wrap-
up reports.
iii. SBA Supervised Lenders - Annual Reports and Quarterly Reports on
financial condition and Quarterly Capital Certification.
iv. Intermediaries - Required monthly Microloan Program Electronic
Reporting System (“MPERS”) reporting, quarterly Portfolio Status Reports
(“PSRs”); quarterly Microloan Revolving Fund (“MRF”) and Loan Loss
Reserve Fund (“LLRF”) Status reporting and accompanying bank
statements, quarterly technical assistance narrative reports, any special
reports (e.g., Recovery Act Reporting) and annual financial audits.
For a more complete list of all required reports, refer to SOPs 50 10, 51 00, 50 55,
52 00, and 50 57.
b. SBA Loan and Lender Monitoring System (L/LMS) and Lender Portal. L/LMS
enables SBA to track and analyze SBA Lender performance. SBA may use L/LMS
as the primary means of reviewing lower dollar/risk SBA Lenders. For higher
dollar/risk SBA Lenders, SBA may use L/LMS to assist in prioritizing, planning,
and conducting more in-depth reviews and to monitor SBA Lenders between more-
in-depth reviews.
SBA communicates lender performance to individual SBA Lenders using SBA’s
Lender Portal. Lender Portal data includes both summary performance and credit
quality data. The Lender Portal allows an SBA Lender to view its own performance
data, including but not limited to the following:
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i. Quarterly Lender Risk Ratings (LRR or LPR) – “l” through “5” with a risk
rating of “l” generally reflective of lower risk to SBA, and “5” generally
reflective of greater risk to SBA, based upon the SBA loan portfolio credit
quality and other risk and program integrity related factors. SBA may
consider rapid growth that may skew metrics and other factors in
considering a Lender’s risk. See 13 CFR § 120.10 (Risk Rating definition);
13 CFR § 120.1015; and Risk Rating Notices at 75 FR 9257 (March 1,
2010), 75 FR 13145 (March 18, 2010) and 79 FR 24053 (April 29, 2014).
ii. PARRiS or SMART Score – Quantitative risk factors are benchmarked
against risk tolerance levels established by SBA to produce a risk score.
Appendix 3 shows a sample PARRiS Scorecard with Benchmarks and
PARRiS risk indicators (“Indicators”). Appendix 4 shows a sample
SMART Scorecard with Benchmarks only as SMART does not currently
have Indicators.
SBA’s Lender Portal also allows an SBA Lender to view peer group and portfolio
averages for most of the metrics. For more information on the Lender Portal, see
SOP 50 10.
See also CFR § 120.1025 on Monitoring in general.
c. External information sources available for monitoring.
i. Call Reports of federally regulated Participants reviewed for capital
sufficiency and other measures.
ii. Other publicly available financial information compiled on federally-
regulated Participants (e.g., Financial information services data, IRS Form
990s).
iii. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reports for publicly
traded Participants.
iv. Audited financial statements, when available or required.
v. Federal and state regulatory issuances (e.g., Orders, Consent Agreements,
Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) if available, etc. for information
regarding solvency, commercial lending, as well as management and
internal controls).
a) Participants that demonstrate weaknesses as identified (i) usually in
a public document by a federal/state regulator (e.g., Cease and
Desist Order or Agreement) or (ii) by its primary auditor (e.g., in a
Going Concern Opinion) receive additional monitoring and review
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including, but not limited to, monitoring of Secondary Market
activities.
vi. Federal and/or State regulatory examinations, if available.
vii. Any other relevant external information that may affect the risk position of
SBA will be considered (e.g., court filings, criminal proceedings, news,
publications).
d. Risk-Based Review/ Exam Protocols
SBA has established a Risk-Based Review (“RBR”) Protocol for Participants. In
general, SBA’s RBR protocol for Participants features the following levels of
review:
i. Federally Regulated 7(a) Lenders
a) Lender Portal
b) Desktop Review/Analytical Review
c) Targeted Review
d) Limited Scope Review
e) Full Scope Review
f) Delegated Authority Review
g) Other Reviews (e.g., Secondary Market Sales Evaluation Loan-By-
Loan Reviews)
ii. SBA Supervised Lenders
a) Lender Portal
b) Desktop Review/ Analytical Review
c) Targeted Review
d) Safety and Soundness Exam
e) Delegated Authority Review
f) Annual Report Review (See also 13 CFR § 120.464(a)(1))
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g) Quarterly Condition and Certification of Capital Compliance
Review (See also 13 CFR § 120.462 and § 120.464(a)(2))
h) Other Reviews
iii. CDCs
a) Lender Portal
b) Desktop Review/Analytical Review
c) Targeted Review
d) Full Review
e) Corrective Action Testing Review
f) Delegated Authority Review
g) Annual Report Review (See also 13 CFR § 120.830)
h) Other Reviews
iv. Intermediaries
a) Site Visit/Virtual Reviews
See 13 CFR § 120.1050; SOPs 51 00 and 52 00; and SBA Notices 5000-1332,
Revised Risk-Based Review Protocol for SBA Operations of Federally Regulated
7(a) Lenders (December 29, 2014); 5000-1351, PARRiS Risk-Based Review –
Revised Terminology (September 11, 2015); 5000-1397, Updated PARRiS
Methodology for Oversight of SBA Operations of Federally Regulated 7(a)
Lenders (November 8, 2016); 5000-1348, Revised Risk-Based Review Protocol for
Certified Development Companies (August 5, 2015); 5000-1398: Updated SMART
Methodology for Oversight of CDCs (November 9, 2016); 5000-1940, Revised
Risk-Based Review/Examination Protocol for SBA Supervised Lenders (January
18, 2017); as updated from time to time.
e. Other reviews available for monitoring include, but are not limited to:
i. All Participants
a) Monitoring of specific performance measures (performance
measures review) (e.g., loss rates, growth, trend analysis).
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b) Systemic monitoring assessment that identifies and evaluates the
risk characteristics of certain types of Participants.
c) Agreed Upon Procedures Reviews (AUP) performed by third-party
practitioners upon which SBA and the Participants agree, who
follow review protocol as prescribed by SBA. For example, to
ascertain SBA Loan Program Requirements compliance for smaller
Participants that are not subject to in-depth reviews.
d) Other Self-Assessments – including, but not limited to, Independent
Loan Reviews for CDCs and SBA Supervised Lenders. Generally,
case-by-case.
e) Reviews/Monitoring of SBA Lender Agent Activity
i. Review of SBA Lender Management and Oversight of
Agent Activity. SBA expects an SBA Lender to conduct
robust comprehensive and appropriately documented due
diligence and ongoing risk management of each of the
institution’s third-party service providers that support
critical SBA lending activities. An SBA Lender’s risk
management process may include, for example, assessing
the quantity of risk posed to the institution by use of the
third-party service provider and the ability of the institution
to monitor and control risk; contract structuring and review;
ongoing benchmarking of service provider performance; and
monitoring the third party's actions on behalf of the SBA
Lender for compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
SBA may review SBA Lender risk management of Agent
activity through reviews. For purposes of this provision, the
term “third-party services provider” or “Agent” means all
parties included in the definition of “Agent” in 13 CFR Part
103 that assist the 7(a) Lender or CDC with making,
servicing, liquidating, or litigating their SBA business loans
(e.g., lender service providers, consultants, brokers/referral
agents). See 85 FR 14772, 14776 (March 16, 2020).
ii. Monitoring/Analysis of Agent Performance. SBA may
analyze performance of loans associated with Agents and
with the SBA Lenders they support to assist in identifying
higher risk Agents.
ii. Federally Regulated 7(a) Lenders
a) Preferred Lender Program (PLP) annual assessments (statutorily
mandated for all PLP lenders) which may take the form of Full
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Reviews, Delegated Authority Reviews and/or a systematic
monitoring assessment, as applicable per fiscal year.
b) Secondary Market Sales Evaluation Loan by Loan Review.
iii. SBA Supervised Lenders (7(a) Program)
a) Preferred Lender Program (PLP) annual assessments. See above.
b) Monitoring of capital levels.
c) Secondary Market Sales Evaluation Loan by Loan Review.
iv. CDCs
a) Bureau of Premier Certified Lender Program (PCLP) Oversight
LLRF monitoring. See 13 CFR § 120.1005.
b) Monitoring capital levels.
v. Intermediary
a) Monitoring capital levels.
b) Monitoring collateral coverage.
c) Intermediary loan repayment monitoring (monthly).
d) SBA conducts periodic reviews either on-site or done virtually.
f. SBA may utilize a Targeted Review or Evaluation with the scope focused on a
problematic issue. For example:
i. Where information suggests a serious deficiency in a narrow area (e.g.,
enforcement order of other regulators);
ii. Where the circumstances warrant, as determined by SBA (generally a risk
related or program integrity matter (e.g., high losses or purchase rate, early
defaults, deficiencies identified in Secondary Market loan-by-loan reviews,
indications of deficiencies in technical assistance));
iii. For Participants in a new SBA program to identify best practices; or
iv. For specifically defined purposes based on other monitoring information
and/or to ensure program compliance.
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Chapter 2: OCRM Monitoring and Risk Based Review/Exam Protocol
4. Reports
In general, SBA will provide a Participant a copy of SBA’s written Review/Exam Report
(Report) which may include Findings, Corrective Actions Required and recommendations
within 60 business days of concluding its formal review or analysis. If SBA expects to
submit the Report after the end of the 60-day period, it will notify Participant of the
expected date and the reason for the additional time. Each director or manager must become
fully informed of the Report contents. See 13 CFR § 120.1055(a).
5. Corrective Action Assessments
In Reports or through notices, SBA may issue Corrective Actions Required to correct
Findings (deficiencies or exceptions) identified. See 13 CFR § 120.1055(a).
A Participant must respond in writing within 45 business days of email receipt of such
Report or notice unless SBA notifies Participant of a different timeframe. 9 The response
must include a corrective action plan with details on actions Participant will take to address
each Finding and Corrective Action Required.
A Participant must implement all Corrective Actions within 90 calendar days of the date
of email receipt of the Report or notice unless SBA provides written notice of another
timeframe. See 13 CFR § 120.1055(b).
After receiving Participant’s response, SBA generally will conduct a Corrective Action
Required Assessment (CARA) and notify Participant whether its plan/actions are
satisfactory, not satisfactory, or SBA requires additional information. See 13 CFR §
120.1055(c).
SBA may conduct a Targeted Review to confirm Participant implemented its Corrective
Actions. The Corrective Action process is a key tool for bringing Participants into
compliance and limiting agency and Participant risk.
6. Timing and Frequency of Monitoring
Monitoring is an on-going process. Generally, Participants with higher risk characteristics
are monitored more intensively, and with higher level of direct interaction.
The tables below provide a summary guide for SBA risk-based monitoring actions of 7(a)
Lenders, CDCs, and Intermediaries.
9
SBA, in its discretion, may notify a Participant of a (i) shorter timeframe (e.g., if deficiencies are few in
number but so significant that delay could cause losses to SBA or Participant - when a Participant is
making ineligible loans) or (ii) a longer timeframe (e.g., when Participant’s management is in transition or
until after a Participant attends a Headquarters meeting on significant Findings and Corrective Actions). 85
FR 14772, 14775 (March 16, 2020).
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Chapter 2: OCRM Monitoring and Risk Based Review/Exam Protocol
Tables of Monitoring Actions
SBA 7(a) Lenders Risk Based Monitoring Chart
Non-Federally Small Business
Federally Regulated Lending
Regulated 7(a) Lenders Companies
Types of Monitoring Lenders (NFRLs) (SBLCs)
L/LMS – quarterly off-site review Applicable Applicable Applicable
Loan Payment Reporting Applicable Applicable Applicable
(e.g., SBA Forms 1502 and 179)
Delegated Authority Review Applicable Applicable Applicable
Performance Measures Review Applicable Applicable Applicable
Other External Info as Available Applicable Applicable Applicable
Call Reports Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable
Quarterly Condition Reports Not Applicable Applicable Applicable
Capital Certification Not Applicable Applicable Applicable
Annual Reports Not Applicable Applicable Applicable
(Audited) (Audited)
Other Reports (e.g.120.464) 10 Discretionary Discretionary Discretionary
Systematic Off-Site Monitoring Assessment Discretionary, Applicable Applicable
higher risk
On-Site Review Discretionary Discretionary Discretionary (As
(Higher Risk) (As Needed) Needed)
Safety and Soundness Exam Not Applicable Discretionary Applicable 11
(Higher Risk)
Agreed Upon Procedures Review Discretionary Discretionary Discretionary (As
(As Needed) (As Needed) Needed)
Targeted Review, On-Site or Off-Site Discretionary Discretionary Discretionary (As
(As Needed) (As Needed) Needed)
10
13 CFR § 120.464 also references some additional reports triggered by certain circumstances.
11
Other Regulated SBLCs could have an SBA review instead of safety and soundness exam.
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Chapter 2: OCRM Monitoring and Risk Based Review/Exam Protocol
Certified Development Companies (CDCs) Risk-Based Monitoring Chart
Types of Monitoring
Performance Measure Reviews Applicable
L/LMS – Quarterly Off-Site Review Applicable
Bureau of PCLP LLRF Monitoring Applicable
Delegated Authority Review Applicable
Annual Reports Applicable
(Audited - As Needed)
Agreed Upon Procedures Review Discretionary
(As Needed)
Desktop/ Analytical review Discretionary
(As Needed)
Targeted Reviews Discretionary
(As Needed)
Full Scope Reviews Discretionary
(As Needed)
Corrective Action Testing Reviews Discretionary
(As Needed)
Other Reports (e.g., 120.830(g)) Discretionary
(As Needed)
Systematic Off-Site Monitoring Assessment Discretionary
(Higher Risk)
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Chapter 2: OCRM Monitoring and Risk Based Review/Exam Protocol
Intermediary Risk-Based Lender Monitoring Chart 12
Types of Monitoring
MPERS Loan Performance Reports (monthly) Applicable
Quarterly MRF and LLRF (Loan Loss Reserve Fund) Applicable
Reports with Bank Statements
Annual Site Visits (conducted virtually or on-site) Applicable
Technical Assistance Report (Quarterly) Applicable
Annual Audit Reports Applicable
Recovery Act Quarterly Report to FederalReporting.gov Applicable
Targeted off-site review Discretionary
(As Needed)
Site Reviews Discretionary
(As Needed)
Agreed Upon Procedures Review Discretionary
(As Needed)
Targeted Site review Discretionary
(As Needed)
Other Reports Discretionary
(As Developed by SBA)
12
Monitoring, site reviews and technical assistance oversight to be coordinated by OCRM with OFA and
District Offices.
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Chapter 3: OCRM Increased Supervision of Participant’s SBA Operation
Chapter 3: OCRM Increased Supervision of Participant’s SBA Operation
1. Overview and General Policy
a. Increased Supervision of a Participant’s SBA operations may be applicable when,
for example:
i. Monitoring identifies weakness or a higher lender risk level (e.g.
unacceptable 5-Year Cumulative Net Yield, 12-Month Default Rate,
elevated Early Default Rate, Less Than Acceptable with Corrective
Action Review/ Exam assessment, Order or Agreement by Federal
Financial Institution Regulator);
ii. Close supervisory attention, monitoring, and modification of Participant
conduct or processes is necessary, as determined by SBA (e.g., to correct
significant noncompliance that may negatively impact the Participant’s
SBA operations and to avoid unnecessary losses);
iii. A recommendation for corrective action solution requires written
communication to Participant management (e.g., Board of Directors
(BOD) or SBA department management) regarding weaknesses and
risks identified; and/or
iv. Management and/or BOD demonstrate unwillingness or inability to
implement its corrective action plan.
2. Determining Level of Increased Supervision
a. Supervisory responses are tailored to Participant responses and issues observed
and may be conducted by application of multiple types of Increased
Supervision concurrently. Supervisory responses are designed to improve or
modify Participant performance (numerical or qualitative improvement) to
conform to SBA Loan Program Requirements.
b. Factors (as considered by SBA based on expertise, judgment, and discretion),
include but are not limited to:
i. Nature, extent (e.g., frequency, breadth) and severity of problems and
weaknesses (may include consideration of dollar magnitude of risk and
program integrity);
a) SBA may also consider the level of involvement in various
programs or other Participants.
ii. Condition and size of the SBA loan portfolio (both current and projected);
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Chapter 3: OCRM Increased Supervision of Participant’s SBA Operation
iii. Ability and willingness of the Participant to correct in a timely manner;
iv. Level of BOD and management commitment to correct the identified
problems and weaknesses within an appropriate time frame;
v. Responsiveness of the Participant in determining which type of Increased
Supervision should be undertaken or whether SBA will take enforcement
action and the severity of that action; and
vi. Evidence of Increased Supervision conducted, any earlier enforcement
actions, failure to comply with the Increased Supervision or earlier
enforcement action, and the consequences for the Participant for the failure
to comply is an important part of establishing the record for more severe
subsequent actions.
3. Types of Increased Supervision
Below are examples of types of Increased Supervision SBA may undertake and some
circumstances that may lead to them. If Increased Supervision is undertaken, the
Participant will generally receive written notification of the action, including the rationale.
a. Lender Risk Rating (LRR) downgrade may occur due to the following:
i. Federal regulator issues an Order or Consent Agreement affecting capital or
commercial lending issues.
ii. Going Concern opinion issued by independent auditor.
iii. Any identified condition that affects capital, solvency, or prudent
commercial lending ability, including but not limited to rapid growth,
early loan default trends, and continued poor performance.
iv. Substantially worse "5-Year Cumulative Net Yield", as defined by SBA in
SBA's Lender Portal.
v. Other documented reasons that SBA may identify as part of its supervisory
responsibilities. See also Risk Rating Notices.
b. Secondary Market Sales Evaluation
i. When an SBA Lender is subject to a Cease & Desist Order, Consent
Agreement affecting capital or commercial lending issues, Going Concern
Opinion matter, or other supervisory action that cites unsafe and unsound
banking practices or other items of concern to SBA and its potential risk to
SBA through loan sales.
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Chapter 3: OCRM Increased Supervision of Participant’s SBA Operation
a) Any 7(a) Lender that intends to sell in the Secondary Market
must notify SBA within five business days (or as soon as
practicable thereafter) of the issuance of any such action or
opinion, including providing copies of the relevant documents to
SBA for review, prior to negotiating secondary market sales.
b) SBA will evaluate the additional risk associated with the 7(a)
Lender's Secondary Market sales in determining whether to provide
SBA's prior written consent to a Secondary Market sale. SBA may
require a lender to submit its loans to SBA for review prior to
negotiating sale (i.e., Secondary Market Sales Evaluation Loan-by-
Loan review); require that financial assurances be provided to cover
the potential losses that may occur from repairs and denials of SBA
loan Guarantees; or take other action to facilitate the prudent
administration of the Secondary Market. Any evaluation performed
is solely for SBA purposes and should not be relied upon by others.
i. SBA may assess fees in conjunction with Secondary Market
Sales Evaluation Loan-by-Loan Reviews. See Chapter 5 on
Lender Oversight Fees.
c) The Director – Office of Financial Assistance (D/FA) and Director
– Office of Credit Risk Management (D/OCRM), together, may
temporarily suspend for up to 120 days and/or revoke for up to two
years Lender’s Secondary Market Sales authority in accordance
with 13 CFR § 120.660. A revocation may follow an initial period
of suspension.
c. Shortened Renewal of SBA Lender Delegated Authority. SBA may grant a
shortened delegated authority renewal period for an SBA Lender exhibiting
increased risk. See 13 CFR § 120.440, § 120.840-841, and § 120.845-846 and SOP
50 10 for SBA Lender delegated authority criteria and applicable requirements. See
also Delegation of Authority No. 12-G, Revision 1, Amendment 1, published at 83
FR 48681 (September 26, 2018), as amended from time to time, for approving
official for delegated lending authority.
Generally, SBA considers the following factors:
i. Marginally Acceptable underwriting, closing, servicing, or
liquidation of SBA loans. SBA may look at the training, experience,
and depth of SBA Lender staff and management. SBA may look at
record of noncompliance with SBA Loan Program Requirements for
underwriting, closing, servicing, and liquidating SBA loans. See 13
CFR § 120.440(a)(1), § 120.841(a) and (d), § 120.845(d)(2), and §
120.846;
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Chapter 3: OCRM Increased Supervision of Participant’s SBA Operation
ii. Noncompliance (material but generally not severe) with SBA Loan
Program Requirements. See 13 CFR § 120.440(a)(3), § 120.841(d),
and § 120.846(a)(3);
iii. If a Participant is identified as high risk by SBA based on
performance (e.g., based on Lender Risk Rating or Lender Purchase
Rating of 4 or 5, PARRiS or SMART score, industry concentration
rates, high Early Default Rates, rapid portfolio growth, high 24-
Month Repair/Denial Rate, weak financial condition evidenced for
example by loss trends or declining net assets). See 13 CFR §
120.440(a)(2) and (6) citing § 120.410(a)(2), and § 120.841(c);
iv. If a Participant is already under Increased Supervision (e.g., because
Participant is under Informal Enforcement). See 13 CFR §
120.440(a)(5);
v. If a Participant has received a Marginally Acceptable with
Corrective Action Required or Less than Acceptable with Corrective
Action Required Risk-Based Review assessment and identified
deficiencies have not been resolved to SBA’s satisfaction. See 13
CFR § 120.440 (a)(2) citing § 120.410(a)(2) and § 120.841(c);
vi. Failure to meet a minimum number of SBA loans approved and size
of the portfolio. See 13 CFR § 120.440(a)(6), § 120.841(b); and/or
vii. Such other factors as determined by SBA.
d. Non-renewal of SBA Lender Delegated Authority. SBA may determine not to
renew delegated authority at its expiration date for any applicable SBA Lender. See
13 CFR § 120.440, § 120.840-841, and § 120.845-846 and SOP 50 10 for SBA
Lender delegated authority criteria and applicable requirements.
In addition to the factors stated above for shortened renewals, SBA generally
considers the following factors:
i. Less than Acceptable underwriting, closing, servicing or liquidation of SBA
loans. SBA may look at the training, experience, and depth of the SBA
Lender staff and management. SBA may look at record of noncompliance
with SBA’s Loan Program Requirements for underwriting, closing,
servicing and liquidating SBA loans. See 13 CFR § 120.440(a)(1), §
120.841(a) and (d), § 120.845(d)(2), and § 120.846;
ii. A Marginally Acceptable with Corrective Actions Required or Less Than
Acceptable with Corrective Action Required Risk-Based Review
assessment that has Findings that have not been resolved to SBA’s
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Chapter 3: OCRM Increased Supervision of Participant’s SBA Operation
satisfaction. See 13 CFR § 120.440(a)(2) and (4) citing § 120.410(a)(2), and
§ 120.841(c);
iii. Lack of Satisfactory or Good Standing status with its state regulator, Federal
Financial Institution Regulator, or SBA, as determined by SBA (See SOP
50 10 for details) and as evidenced by an order or consent agreement by its
primary regulator or the presence of other regulatory concerns as
determined by SBA. See 13 CFR § 120.410(e) and (f), § 120.440(a)(5), §
120.841(d)(5), and § 120.816(a) and (b);
iv. A Going Concern Opinion issued by an independent public accountant. See
13 CFR § 120.420(f)(2), § 120.440(a)(6), § 120.825, § 120.841(d)(6);
v. Less than satisfactory SBA performance as determined by SBA (e.g.,
Metrics that reflect high risk performance, that may be significantly worse
than peer groups or portfolio averages. Metrics might include, for example,
losses (e.g., 5-Year Cumulative Net Yield, Early Default Rate, 12-Month
and 5-Year Default Rate, Stressed Loan Rate, 24 Month Repair/ Denial
Rate, Percentage of Gross Loan Dollars in Active Default). SBA, however,
recognizes that poor performance may be masked by rapid growth or other
factors. See 13 CFR § 120.440(a)(2) and (a)(6) citing § 120.410(a)(2), and
§ 120.841(c);
vi. Failure to satisfactorily resolve all required Corrective Actions as
determined by SBA. See 13 CFR § 120.440(a)(4);
vii. Significant or material noncompliance with SBA Loan Program
Requirements (e.g., SBA Form 1502 reporting deficiencies, untimely
resolution of fees and invoices, failure to properly maintain LLRF when
required). See 13 CFR § 120.440(a)(3), § 120.841(d), § 120.846(a)(2) and
(3);
viii. Significant program integrity concerns as determined by SBA. See 13 CFR
§ 120.440(a)(6), § 120.841(d)(5) and (7);
ix. A proposed or implemented SBA enforcement action. See 13 CFR §
120.440(a)(5);
x. Other risk-related factors as determined by SBA (e.g., an officer or
employee under investigation or indictment for felony, fraud, etc., an
identified condition that materially affects capital, solvency or prudent
commercial lending ability). See 13 CFR § 120.420(f), § 120.440(a)(6), §
120.841 and § 120.846; and/or
xi. Any other basis under law or under SBA Loan Program Requirements.
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Chapter 3: OCRM Increased Supervision of Participant’s SBA Operation
In addition to the items above, paragraphs “d” through “i” are additional types of Increased
Supervision.
4. Headquarters Meeting
SBA may require a Participant’s senior management officials to attend an in-person or
virtual meeting with SBA officials at SBA Headquarters to discuss significant concerns
about SBA loan program noncompliance, other risk or program integrity issues, and the
Participant management’s plan for effective and timely resolution of the issues.
5. Increased Reporting
a. When weaknesses or findings (generally identified in reviews or exams) are of a
nature not easily or quickly resolved (e.g., with change of personnel, necessary
policy or procedure changes).
b. Long-term approach to solution requires continued reporting on milestones and
achievements.
c. Confidence in the BOD and management is vital to acceptance by SBA of such an
understanding.
d. Interim evaluations by OCRM may be necessary to determine level of achievement.
e. Participant may receive periodic written correspondence, such as letter(s), emails
or other correspondence informing them of status and any continued required
reporting, information, and/or other responses.
6. Capital Restoration Plan (Only SBA Supervised Lenders)
An SBA Supervised Lender must file a written capital restoration plan with SBA within 45
days of the date that the SBA Supervised Lender provides notice to SBA under 13 CFR
120.462(d) or receives notice from SBA (whichever is earlier) that the SBA Supervised
Lender has not met its minimum capital requirement. 13 CFR § 120.462(e).
7. Accelerated Scheduling of Review/ Examination
Often takes the form of a Targeted Review or site visit.
8. Watch List
a. Identifies higher-risk Participants that warrant elevated oversight attention. SBA
will determine the general parameters that demonstrate such higher risk. For
example; (i) significant noncompliance or program integrity concern; (ii) Federal
Financial Institution Regulator order or consent agreement addressing capital, asset
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Chapter 3: OCRM Increased Supervision of Participant’s SBA Operation
quality, or commercial lending; (iii) Less than Acceptable or in some cases
Marginally Acceptable with Corrective Action Required Review assessment; or
(iv) identified condition that could affect capital, solvency or prudent commercial
lending ability (e.g., rapid growth, early loan default trends, industry
concentrations).
b. Other reasons, as determined by SBA on a case-by-case basis.
9. Proceedings Resultant from Increased Supervision
a. Termination of Increased Supervision. Satisfactory resolution, as determined by
SBA in its discretion, of any issue triggering Increased Supervision (e.g.,
Regulatory Order dismissed, Corrective Actions resolved to SBA's satisfaction,
etc.).
b. Initiation of Enforcement Action(s)
For example:
i. Participant’s failure to correct a deficiency or reduce risk to an acceptable
level within appropriate timeframe, as determined by SBA;
ii. SBA’s confidence is not high in the Board or management's willingness to
correct;
iii. Uncertainty regarding Participant ability/competency to complete the
remedial measures; and/or
iv. Other factors or other negative indicators listed in Chapter 4.
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Chapter 4: OCRM Enforcement
Chapter 4: OCRM Enforcement
1. Overview and General Policy
a. This Chapter, as with the balance of the SOP, is intended to provide general
guidance. It is intended to be flexible to consider individual facts and
circumstances. It does not mean every consideration factor or step must be applied.
SBA will use this guidance along with judgment and Agency discretion. Therefore,
this SOP and Chapter are not intended to, do not, and may not be relied upon to
create rights, substantive or procedural, for Participants enforceable at law or in any
other administrative proceedings against SBA.
b. OCRM’s responsibility for enforcement is to take appropriate enforcement actions
as determined by SBA against those Participants that demonstrate unacceptable risk
profiles and/or an inability or unwillingness to proactively or timely resolve the
issues which create the unacceptable risk profile.
c. Enforcement actions are taken to achieve the outcomes of:
i. Limiting Agency risk where it exceeds risk tolerance levels.
ii. Communicating problems and weaknesses to the highest level of
Participant’s management; and/or
iii. Satisfactorily resolving the risk factors that created the need for an
enforcement action.
d. Strategy for enforcement actions, in general, is:
i. Progressive use of available enforcement options;
ii. Flexibility in tailoring the enforcement action to the specific Participant
situation;
iii. Designed to correct deficiencies and return Participant’s portfolio to safe
and sound condition and/or limit risk; and
iv. To achieve the desired outcome in a reasonable timeframe.
e. A supervisory or enforcement action in one SBA program may affect a Participant’s
participation in another SBA program.
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Chapter 4: OCRM Enforcement
2. Determining Severity of Enforcement Action
a. Quantitative considerations
i. Performance measures which demonstrate that a Participant’s performance
is multiple levels “worse” than portfolio or peer performance;
ii. A 5-Year Cumulative Net Yield, as defined in SBA’s Lender Portal, or other
net flow measure that demonstrates a negative impact on SBA programs
(e.g., losses);
iii. Percentage measures which demonstrate poor handling by the Participant
of required competencies (e.g., high 24-Month Repair/Denial Rate, high
guarantee purchase rate over the last 12 months or by disbursement cohort
year, high Early Default Rate); or
iv. Repeated failures by Participant to comply with applicable laws,
regulations, or SBA Loan Program Requirements.
As part of the quantitative considerations, SBA may consider rapid growth or other
factors that may mask quantitative risk indicators.
b. Qualitative considerations
i. Nature, extent (e.g., in frequency and breadth), and severity of SBA Loan
Program violations or problems (may include consideration of dollars
magnitude of risk);
ii. Demonstrated commitment and ability of Participant management and
Board to correct identified problems within appropriate timeframe;
iii. History of success implementing corrective actions;
iv. Previously identified unaddressed problems;
v. Fraud or false statements or similar indicators;
vi. Financial condition or insolvency (legal or equitable);
vii. Other outstanding enforcement actions by SBA or other authority; or
viii. Other relevant risk or program integrity related concerns, as determined by
SBA.
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Chapter 4: OCRM Enforcement
c. Guiding principles in making enforcement decisions
i. Protecting the integrity of SBA programs and protecting taxpayers from
Participants who fail to comply with applicable law, regulations, and SBA
Loan Program Requirements.
ii. SBA’s evaluation of the Participant’s impact of the identified grounds and
the proposed corrective actions on the identified risk to the SBA. Usually,
less severe impact will result in less severe enforcement action.
iii. Ability and willingness of management and/or Board to take immediate
action to mitigate the grounds will generally result in a less serious
enforcement action, while demonstrated lack of ability or willingness
generally dictates more severe enforcement action. Ability and willingness
to address issues is also evaluated in terms of level and frequency of past
concerns and the Participant’s ability and willingness to correct them. For
example, repeat finding(s) with no resolution may be considered more
significant than first time finding(s), depending upon the nature of the
finding(s).
iv. SBA will generally document such unwillingness or inability in its
decision(s) in support of the magnitude of enforcement action(s).
v. Certain grounds or circumstances dictate immediate enforcement action.
This is considered a severe enforcement action, and is generally taken when
it is determined by SBA in its sole judgment and discretion that (i) one or
more of the grounds in 13 CFR § 120.1400(c) or (f) exist and that (ii)
immediate action is needed to protect the interests of the Federal
Government (such as where there is risk of immediate harm or loss, a
significant program integrity concern, or clear evidence of conduct
indicating a lack of business integrity. See 13 CFR § 120.1400(c)(11); 13
CFR § 120.1400(c)(12); 13 CFR § 120.1425(c)(6).
a) Situations that may warrant immediate suspension may include, but
are not limited to, where there are significant findings relating to the
SBA Lender’s determination of eligibility (e.g., credit elsewhere;
use of proceeds; concerns as to the SBA Lender’s financial
condition, capital levels, or solvency; an SBA Lender is not
licensed; the SBA Lender does not have staff capable of making,
servicing, or liquidating loans, as determined by SBA in its
discretion; etc.) or on the credit review, or the underwriting,
approval, loan servicing and/or liquidation processes; evidence of
fraud; significant concerns as to the SBA Lender’s financial
condition, capital levels, or solvency; relatively high losses; CDC
loses nonprofit status; or where an SBA Lender is no longer licensed
or lacks staff capable of making, servicing, or liquidating loans, as
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Chapter 4: OCRM Enforcement
determined by SBA in its discretion. See 85 FR 4772 (March 16,
2020).
d. Mitigating factors that SBA may consider, in its discretion, include, but are not
limited to:
i. Small portfolio Participants whose performance measures may be unduly
affected by one or two poorly performing loans relative to the size of the
Participant’s total SBA portfolio;
ii. Contribution to SBA mission as identified through a demonstrated
commitment to credit gap lending and meeting the needs of underserved
markets in a manner that does not significantly increase the risk of the
Participant’s SBA program;
iii. Local economic conditions;
iv. Concentrations in a sector experiencing an economic downturn;
v. Purchase of a failed Participant’s SBA portfolio with subsequent adverse
effects on the acquiring Participant’s Portfolio Performance metrics;
vi. Acceptable review/ examination results as determined by SBA;
vii. Other actions already taken to limit risk. Examples include, but are not
limited to, not using delegated authority to approve applications, no
secondary market sales or loans sold are subject to loan-by-loan review; or
viii. Other reasons, as determined by SBA on a case-by-case basis.
3. Grounds for Enforcement Actions
a. Circumstances which demonstrate that the Participant is not in compliance with all
terms, conditions, and remedies in SBA Loan Program Requirements.
b. Ten general grounds for Formal or Informal Enforcement are established in SBA
regulations at 13 CFR § 120.1400 and apply to all SBA Lenders, with several
additional or specific grounds applicable to certain types of SBA Lenders. See 13
CFR § 120.1400(d) for SBA Supervised Lenders, (e) for SBLC’s, and (f) for CDCs.
The ten general grounds, as determined by SBA are:
i. Failure to maintain eligibility requirements for specific SBA program and
delegated authorities. See 13 CFR § 120.1400(c)(1);
a) For CDCs, includes failure to receive approval for at least four loans
during last two consecutive fiscal years.
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Chapter 4: OCRM Enforcement
ii. Failure to comply materially with any requirement imposed by SBA Loan
Program Requirements, e.g., eligibility requirements, program fee
requirements, program reporting requirements. See CFR § 120.1400(c)(2);
a) For PCLP CDCs – failure to maintain LLRF as reported on SBA
Form 2233.
iii. Making a material false statement or failure to disclose a material fact to
SBA. See 13 CFR § 120.1400(c)(3);
iv. Not performing underwriting, closing, disbursing, servicing, liquidation,
litigation, or other actions in a commercially reasonable and prudent
manner. See 13 CFR § 120.1400(c)(4);
v. Failure within the time specified to correct an underwriting, closing,
disbursing, servicing, liquidation, litigation, or reporting deficiency or
failure in a material respect to take corrective action after receiving notice
from SBA of the deficiency and the need to take corrective action. SBA will
consider failure to take corrective action an example of willful violation of
SBA Loan Program Requirements (e.g., Act/ regulations). See 13 CFR §
120.1400 (c)(5);
vi. Engaging in a pattern of uncooperative behavior or taking any action that
SBA determines is detrimental to the integrity or reputation of an SBA
program, that undermines management or administration of a program, or
that is not consistent with standards of good conduct. See 13 CFR §
120.1400(c)(6);
vii. Repeated failure to correct continuing deficiencies. See 13 CFR §
120.1400(c)(7);
viii. Unauthorized disclosure of Reports, Lender Risk Rating (LRR), or other
Confidential Information, e.g., SBA Supervisory Information, including but
not limited to, Small Business Predictive Score (SBPS) loan scores; loan
level performance data; and review, examination, and systematic off-site
monitoring assessments. See 13 CFR § 120.1400(c)(8); or
a) See Chapter 1 section on “Confidential Information” for additional
detail.
ix. Any other reason that SBA determines in its discretion that may increase
SBA’s financial risk, e.g., repeated Less than Acceptable Risk Rating
(generally in conjunction with other indicators of increased financial risk),
Less Than Acceptable review/examination results, failure to properly
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oversee Agent activity, operating or other deficiencies that increase SBA’s
potential risk, or possible fraud. See 13 CFR § 120.1400(c)(9).
a) In accordance with SBA SOP 50 10, SBA expects SBA Lenders to
exercise due diligence and prudent oversight of their third-party
vendors (e.g., Lender Service Providers and other Agents),
including having written policies governing such relationships and
monitoring the performance of their vendors. See also 84 FR 29092,
29095 (June 21, 2019) and 85 FR 14772, 14776 (March 16, 2020).
x. As otherwise authorized by law. See 13 CFR § 120.1400(c)(10).
See paragraph 2.c.v above for grounds for immediate enforcement action.
c. Grounds for Formal Enforcement Action established in SBA regulations at 13 CFR
§ 120.1425 that apply to all Intermediaries, as determined by SBA are:
i. Failure to comply materially with any SBA Loan program Requirements.
See 13 CFR § 120.425(c)(1);
ii. Failure to meet any one of the following performance standards: (1)
coverage of service territory (including honoring boundaries); (2)
fulfillment of reporting requirements; (3) manage program funds and
matching funds in a satisfactory and financially sound manner; (4)
communicate and file reports within six months after beginning
participation in the program; (5) maintain a currency rate of 85.0 percent or
more; (6) maintain a cumulative default rate of 15.0 percent or less; (7)
maintain a staff trained in Microloan program issues and SBA Loan
Program Requirements; (8) maintain the financial ability to sustain the
Intermediary’s operations (e.g., adequate capital etc. for operations and to
repay the SBA promissory note(s). SBA may review an Intermediary’s
financial information and related metrics, such as amount of unrestricted net
assets and changes in net assets year-over-year); (9) provide in-house
technical assistance to SBA’s satisfaction (e.g., maintain required ratio of 1
loan to 30 clients); or (10) close and fund the required number of microloans
per year. See 13 CFR § 120.1425(c)(2).
iii. See also the grounds listed above in Paragraphs 3. b (v) through (x) for SBA
Lenders, including but not limited to, any other reason that SBA determines
in its discretion that may increase SBA financial or program risk (e.g.,
possible fraud). See 13 CFR § 1210.1425(c)(3) to (7).
4. Enforcement Actions
a. Informal Enforcement Action. Generally used when problems are narrow in scope
and are correctable or where violations are less frequent or less severe (but warrant
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enforcement), and SBA is confident of Participant’s Board and management
commitment and ability to correct; or while SBA is more fully assessing risk:
i. SBA Supervisory Letter.
ii. Mandatory Training (as distinguished from recommended training, e.g.,
in a corrective action).
iii. Board Resolution or Commitment Letter (committing to take corrective
action).
iv. Voluntary Actions (e.g., agreement not to utilize delegated authority or
sell loans into Secondary Market).
v. Other Voluntary Agreements between SBA and Participant. Voluntary
Agreements are an efficient and effective means for Participants to work
cooperatively with SBA to mitigate risk and resolve significant concerns
or deficiencies. 13
vi. For Intermediaries, withhold technical assistance grant funds until
performance issues are adequately addressed.
vii. Others, as SBA determines appropriate on a case by case basis.
See also, 13 CFR § 120.1300.
b. Formal Enforcement Actions. Generally follow Informal Enforcement Actions
where (1) grounds under 13 CFR § 120.1400 or § 120.1425 exist and (2) there are
significant problems in systems or controls, serious insider abuse or deceptive
action, substantial law violation, serious compliance problems, material
noncompliance with or insufficient corrective action commitment, fraud or
suspected fraud, examiner access refused, or reporting failures, as determined by
SBA. SBA may use a Formal Enforcement Action as an initial action based on risk
and the frequency or severity of problems and circumstances, as determined by
SBA in its discretion.
The following Formal Enforcement Actions apply to SBA Lenders (13 CFR §
120.1500(a)):
i. Imposition of portfolio guaranty dollar limit. See 13 CFR §
120.1500(a)(1).
13
In general, 7(a) Lenders may appeal Informal Enforcement Actions, except Voluntary Agreements, to the
appropriate Federal District Court or SBA’s Office of Hearings and Appeals within 20 calendar days of the
date of the decision. See 13 CFR § 120.1300(c). A 7(a) Lender in voluntarily entering into the agreement
is deemed to knowingly agree not to pursue its rights to an appeal under 13 CFR § 120.1300(c).
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ii. Suspension or revocation of delegated authority. See 13 CFR §
120.1500(a)(2).
iii. Full or partial suspension or revocation from SBA program or pilot
program participation. See 13 CFR § 120.1500(a)(3).
a) Partial suspension may include the authority to make, close, service,
liquidate, or litigate SBA loans. A 7(a) Lender or CDC suspended
from loan making is obligated to maintain all servicing and
liquidation activities delegated to it unless otherwise specific in
writing by the D/ OCRM. See 15 USC § 657t(g).
iv. Immediate suspension of delegated or SBA program authority. See 13
CFR § 120.1500(a)(4).
v. Debarment (procedures set forth in 2 CFR). See 13 CFR § 120.1500(a)(5).
vi. All other actions available under SBA Loan Program Requirements. 13
CFR § 120.1500(a)(6).
vii. All other actions available under law (e.g., enforcement of SBA Loan
program Requirements in Federal District Court). SBA specifically
reserves the right to proceed against Participants in Federal Court as and
when SBA determines that it is in the best interests of SBA programs and
in order to protect taxpayers from Participants that fail to comply with
applicable law, regulations, and SBA Loan Program Requirements; e.g.,
actions under 15 USC § 650(c) civil actions against SBLCs, under 15 USC
§ 634(b)(1) agency authority to sue, under 13 CFR § 120.535(d) loan
document assignment when SBA takes over servicing.
c. 7(a) Lender Specific Formal Enforcement Actions.
i. Secondary Market Sales Suspension or Revocation (other than 13 CFR §
120.660, temporary suspensions and revocations). See 13 CFR §
120.1500(b)(1).
ii. General Civil Monetary Penalties (CMPs) against a 7(a) Lender
(maximum amount of up to $250,000, as amended by Federal Register
Notice from time-to-time).
In determining whether and/or what amount to assess, SBA may consider
e.g., (1) the gravity (e.g., severity and frequency) of the violation; (2) history
of previous violations; (3) financial resources and good faith of 7(a) Lender;
and (4) any other matters as justice may require. See 13 CFR §
120.1500(b)(2).
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a) CMPs create a monetary incentive for 7(a) Lenders to comply with
SBA Loan Program Requirements. This tool can be particularly
effective as a deterrent against financial-related non-compliance
(e.g., Lender nonpayment or late payment of amounts it owes to
SBA for borrower payments, recoveries received, denials of
liability, SBA loan purchase repairs, or fees owed). CMPs may also
be warranted in certain critical circumstances (e.g., where there is a
violation of an order, directive, or agreement, or where there is
fraud). SBA might also use CMPs where there are reporting failures
or delays (e.g., for failure to timely submit complete purchase
packages following SBA Secondary Market purchase). These
examples are not all inclusive. See 85 FR 14772, 14777 (March 16,
2020).
d. SBA Supervised Lender Specific Formal Enforcement Actions.
i. Specific CMPs for Reporting Failures in accordance with 13 CFR §
120.465. See 13 CFR § 120.1500(c)(4).
ii. Cease and Desist Order. See 13 CFR § 120.1500(c)(1).
iii. Capital Directive (SBLCs only). See 13 CFR § 120.1500(d)(1).
iv. Management Suspension or Removal. See 13 CFR § 120.1500(c)(2).
v. Civil Action (e.g., to terminate SBLC license). See 13 CFR §
120.1500(d)(2).
vi. Receivership. See 13 CFR § 120.1500(c)(3).
vii. Increase of minimum capital level (factors and procedures separately set
forth in 13 CFR § 120.472 and 473).
e. CDC Specific Formal Enforcement Actions
i. Require transfer of CDC existing 504 portfolio and associated information
(e.g., digitizing format if applicable, software used, etc.), pending
applications, and rights associated therewith (including all processing,
closing, servicing, late and other fees). See 13 CFR § 120.1500(e)(1).
ii. Instructing the Central Servicing Agent (CSA) to withhold the payment
of servicing, late, and/or other fee(s) to a CDC. See 13 CFR §
120.1500(e)(2).
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iii. For PCLP CDCs, liquidation of LLRF account, in whole or part, and
application of the liquidated funds to any outstanding balance owed to
SBA pursuant to the procedures in 13 CFR § 120.847(i).
iv. Receivership. See 13 CFR § 120.1500(e)(3).
f. Intermediary Formal Enforcement Actions
i. Suspension (e.g., authority to make service, liquidate, and/or litigate SBA
microloans, and imposition of a freeze on MRF and LLRF accounts). See
13 CFR § 120.1540(a).
ii. Immediate Suspension. See 13 CFR § 120.1540(b).
iii. Revocation, including:
a) Removal from the program;
b) Liquidation of the Intermediary’s MRF and LLRF accounts by SBA,
and application of the liquidated funds to any outstanding balance
owed to SBA;
c) Payment of outstanding debt to SBA by the Intermediary;
d) Forfeiture or repayment of any unused grand funds by the
Intermediary;
e) Debarment of the organization from receipt of Federal funds until
loan and grant repayment are met; and
f) Surrender of possession of Intermediary’s SBA microloan portfolio
to SBA, with the microloan portfolio and all associated rights
transferred on a permanent basis to SBA, in accordance with SBA’s
rights as a secured creditor.
See 13 CFR § 120.1540(c).
iv. Other actions available under law. See 13 CFR § 120.1540(d).
5. Enforcement Procedures
a. The Internal responsibilities and decision authorities for both informal and formal
enforcement actions, in general, are:
i. OCRM Staff, e.g., Financial Analyst, will make the enforcement
recommendation.
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ii. A Supervisory Financial Analyst will review the recommendation and
concur or non-concur with the enforcement recommendation.
iii. The Director – Office of Credit Risk Management (D/OCRM) will either
approve or not approve Informal Enforcement Actions. If approved, the
Participant is notified.
iv. The D/OCRM will either recommend approval or non-concur with the
formal enforcement recommendation except for Agent Suspension or
Revocations. If the D/OCRM recommends approval, the recommendation
is advanced as set forth in Lender Oversight Delegations of Authority 12-G
Revision 1, 79 FR 56842 (September 23, 2014) as revised by Amendment
1, 83 FR 48681 (September 26, 2018) except for Agent Suspension or
Revocations.
a) Agent Suspension or Revocations. With respect to matters arising
under the Agency’s financial assistance programs, authority is
delegated to the D/OCRM to suspend or revoke the privilege of any
Agent to conduct business with SBA under 13 CFR Part 103. This
delegation may not be re-delegated. See also Para. 7 of this chapter.
v. The D/OCRM formal enforcement approval recommendations are
presented to the Lender Oversight Committee (LOC) (See 13 CFR § 120.10
for the definition).
a) The LOC approves, disapproves, or modifies the D/OCRM
recommendations of final Formal Enforcement Action decisions for
Participants except those under Small Business Act Sections 23(b)
(directive to increase capital for SBLC), 23(d) (revocation or
suspension of loan authority for SBA Supervised Lenders), and
23(e) (Cease and Desist Order for SBA Supervised Lenders).
i. The Associate Administrator – Capital Access (AA/CA)
approves or does not approve capital directive enforcement
actions (e.g., Small Business Act Section 23(b) action).
ii. LOC votes to recommend Small Business Act Sections
23(d) and 23(e) actions or another action or to vote to not
recommend such actions to the Administrator.
Support for decisions will be documented (e.g., with presentation
package, short-form minutes, or other documentation).
b) Enforcement action approval/non-approval may be re-delegated
except for SBLC capital directives, SBA Supervised Lender
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suspension/revocations and cease and desist orders are in
accordance with Small Business Act Sections 23(b), (d), and (e),
which are discussed above in 5. a. i. e).
c) LOC may establish subcommittees (e.g., to approve final decisions
on certain enforcement actions, promote consistency in enforcement
actions, or to work up enforcement action cases).
d) LOC oversees supervision and enforcement efforts by OCRM to
promote consistency and sufficiency of Participant oversight efforts.
See also 15 USC § 657u and Delegations of Authority 12-G, Rev. 1., Para
I.B., 79 FR 56842 (September 23, 2014) as revised by Amend. 1, 83 FR
48681 (September 26, 2018), as amended from time to time.
b. The external Formal Enforcement Action procedures (excluding 13 CFR Part 103
actions).
i. In general, procedures for Formal Enforcement Actions against Participants and
other regulated Small Business Lending Companies, Management Officials,
and Other Persons under Section 23 of the Small Business Act, are governed by
and found in 13 CFR § 120.1600.
SBA will generally follow the procedures in subsection (a) of 13 CFR
120.1600 except for certain enforcement actions against SBA Supervised
Lenders, Management Officials, and Other Persons as set forth in
subsections (b) and (c) or in the event SBA determines that it is appropriate
to seek enforcement under any applicable section of the Small Business Act
or any other applicable law or regulation.
External Formal Enforcement Action procedures are summarized as
follows, in general:
a) Notice. Notice procedures are set forth in 13 CFR § 120.1600(a).
A Formal Enforcement Action under subsection (a) generally
begins with a written notice, which identifies the Formal
Enforcement Action SBA is initiating, when the Formal
Enforcement Action takes effect, a reasonably detailed recitation
of the facts underlying the action, how to contest the Formal
Enforcement Action, and copies of the pertinent documents, if
required under 13 CFR § 120.1600(a)(1)(ii).
b) Opportunity to Object. The Participant may object to a Formal
Enforcement Action by filing a written objection with the
appropriate SBA official identified in the notice within the time
limits established by SBA. See 13 CFR § 120.1600(a)(2).
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c) Requests for Additional Information. SBA may request further
information from a Participant. See 13 CFR §
120.1600(a)(3)(iii).
d) Agency Decision. SBA will issue a written notice of final
Agency decision to a Participant. The notice of final Agency
decision will comply with the applicable provisions of 12 CFR
§ 120.1600(a)(3) and (4).
e) Appeals. For Participants, appeals of the final Agency decision
generally may only be filed in the appropriate Federal District
Court. Except for decisions against SBA Supervised Lenders
that are covered by procedures in 13 CFR § 120.1600(b) or (c)
or 13 CFR § 120.465, 7(a) Lenders may alternatively appeal
such decisions to SBA’s Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA)
within 30 calendar days of the date of the decision. The
enforcement action will remain in effect pending resolution of
the appeal, if any. In the event of such an appeal, OHA will issue
its decision in accordance with 13 CFR Part 134. See 13 CFR §
120.1600(a)(5).
f) Emergency Actions. SBA will take emergency actions as
necessary to protect the Agency from unnecessary risk. SBA
may go directly to the most severe formal actions as appropriate
given the facts and circumstances being considered.
g) SBA Supervised Lenders (SBLCs and NFRLs). There are
specific procedures for certain enforcement actions as detailed
in 13 CFR § 120.1600(b) and (c). These certain types of Formal
Enforcement Actions include (1) suspension, revocation or
cease and desist orders against SBA Supervised Lenders or
Management Officials, or Other Persons; (2) immediate
suspension or immediate cease and desist order against SBA
Supervised Lenders; (3) removal of management official; (4)
appointment of a receiver for, or certain transfers of assets or
servicing rights of SBA Supervised Lenders; (5) imposition of a
civil penalty for reporting against SBA Supervised Lenders
under 13 CFR § 120.465; and (6) issuance of capital directives
against SBLCs.
SBA also reserves the right to invoke any applicable section of the
Small Business Act or any other applicable law if SBA determines
it is appropriate in fulfilling its duties under the Small Business Act.
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h) Consultation with Office of General Counsel (OGC).
Enforcement actions involve complex legal issues. The General
Counsel and his/her staff have primary responsibility at SBA for
interpretation of applicable laws and regulations, and the
drafting and review of legal documents related to oversight and
enforcement actions. OCRM must seek assistance from OGC on
the interpretation of regulations and in determining the
appropriate enforcement action and procedure, as necessary.
i) Debarments. The procedures described in this paragraph “b” do
not cover debarments. Debarment procedures are generally
government-wide and covered in 2 CFR Parts 180 and 2700 and
48 CFR Part 9.4.
c. OCRM may terminate an enforcement action if it determines, in its discretion, that the
Participant has complied with the actions and requirements established by SBA and the
risk to the Agency or integrity of the loan program has been sufficiently mitigated.
Participants generally will receive written notice of the termination of the enforcement
action.
d. OCRM will track all enforcement actions, their status, and final disposition.
e. The LOC will provide quality assurance through establishment of guidance to OCRM
and based on OCRM reporting enforcement actions taken and their status.
f. Fraud or suspected fraud against the Government, a Participant, or other governmental
agents must be referred to the Office of Inspector General (OIG). Referral of a matter
to the OIG is appropriate if there are facts that show or that give rise to a reasonable
concern that a party engaged in misrepresentation of material facts with the intention
of causing, or which actually caused, the Government or its agents (such as SBA
Lenders issuing guaranteed loans) to take an action or to refrain from taking an action.
6. Receiverships
a. SBLCs (except Other Regulated SBLCs as defined in 13 CFR § 120.10)
i. Upon SBA’s determination that grounds for an enforcement action against an
SBLC (except an Other Regulated SBLC) exist under 13 CFR § 120.1400, SBA
may, pursuant to 13 CFR § 120.1500(c)(3), apply to a Federal court for the
appointment of a receiver. Typically, SBA will use its receivership authority as
a remedy of last resort. The appointment of a receiver is only one of several
types of enforcement actions set forth in 13 CFR § 120.1500.
ii. SBA will review the facts and circumstances of the enforcement action when
deciding whether or not to seek the appointment of a receiver. SBA will also
make a determination regarding the scope of the receiver’s duties and powers.
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In deciding whether to seek a receiver and in determining the scope of a
receivership, SBA will consider the following:
a) The existence of fraud or false statements;
b) An SBLC’s refusal to cooperate with SBA enforcement
action instructions or orders;
c) An SBLC’s insolvency (legal or equitable); and/or
d) The dollar amount of any claims SBA may have against the
SBLC.
iii. Under 13 CFR § 120.1400(a)(2), an SBLC (except an Other Regulated SBLC)
that makes SBA 7(a) guaranteed loans after October 20, 2017, has consented to
SBA’s right to seek a receivership in appropriate circumstances. Such consent is
deemed to apply only if the SBLC makes 7(a) loans on or after January 1, 2018.
The SBLC’s consent does not in any way preclude the SBLC from contesting
whether or not SBA has established the grounds for seeking the remedy of a
receivership. An SBLC’s consent to receivership as a remedy does not require
SBA to seek the appointment of a receiver in any particular SBA enforcement
action.
b. NFRLs
i. Upon SBA’s determination that grounds for an enforcement action against a
NFRL exist under 13 CFR § 120.1400, SBA may, pursuant to 13 CFR §
120.1500(c)(3), apply to a Federal court for the appointment of a receiver.
Typically, SBA will use its receivership authority as a remedy of last resort. The
appointment of a receiver is only one of several types of enforcement actions set
forth in 13 CFR § 120.1500.
ii. SBA will review the facts and circumstances of the enforcement action when
deciding whether or not to seek the appointment of a receiver. SBA will also make
a determination regarding the scope of the receiver’s duties and powers, including
whether the receivership will be limited to the NFRL’s assets related to the SBA
loan programs. In deciding whether to seek a receiver and in determining the
scope of a receivership, SBA will consider the following:
a) The existence of fraud or false statements;
b) A NFRL’s refusal to cooperate with SBA enforcement action
instructions or orders;
c) A NFRL’s insolvency (legal or equitable);
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d) The size of the NFRL’s SBA loan portfolio(s) in relation to other
activities of the NFRL;
e) The dollar amount of any claims SBA may have against the
NFRL; and/or
f) The existence of other non-SBA enforcement actions against the
NFRL.
iii. Under 13 CFR § 120.1400(a)(2), a NFRL that makes 7(a) guaranteed loans after
October 20, 2017, has consented to SBA’s right to seek a receivership in
appropriate circumstances. Such consent is deemed to apply only if the NFRL
makes 7(a) loans on or after January 1, 2018. The NFRL’s consent does not in any
way preclude the NFRL from contesting whether or not SBA has established the
grounds for seeking the remedy of receivership. A NFRL’s consent to receivership
as a remedy does not require SBA to seek the appointment of a receiver in any
particular SBA enforcement action.
c. CDCs
i. Upon SBA’s determination that grounds for an enforcement action against
a CDC exist under 13 CFR § 120.1400, SBA may, pursuant to 13 CFR §
120.1500(e)(3), apply to a Federal court for the appointment of a receiver.
Typically, SBA will use its receivership authority as a remedy of last resort.
The appointment of a receiver is only one of several types of enforcement
actions set forth in 13 CFR § 120.1500.
ii. SBA will limit the scope of the receivership to the CDC’s assets related to
the SBA loan program(s) except where the CDC’s business is almost
exclusively SBA-related. Further, SBA will only seek a receivership if
either of the following circumstances are present:
a) The existence of fraud or false statements, or
b) The CDC has refused to cooperate with SBA enforcement action
instructions or orders.
iii. Under 13 CFR § 120.1400(a)(1), a CDC that obtains approval for 504 loans
after October 20, 2017, has consented to SBA’s right to seek a receivership
in appropriate circumstances. Such consent will be deemed to apply only if
the CDC makes 504 loans on or after January 1, 2018. The CDC’s consent
does not in any way preclude the CDC from contesting whether or not SBA
has established the grounds for seeking the remedy of a receivership. A
CDC’s consent to receivership as a remedy does not require SBA to seek
the appointment of a receiver in any particular SBA enforcement action.
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7. Part 103 Enforcement Procedures
This section establishes procedures SBA will use when determining whether to suspend or
revoke the privilege of an Agent, as defined below, to conduct business with SBA under
13 CFR Part 103. The definition of Agent incorporates by reference the terms, “Applicant”,
“Participant”, and “conduct business with SBA”, as those terms are defined in 13 CFR §
103.1, and the term “business loan programs”, as defined in 13 CFR § 120.1. The term
“Agent” includes all Agents that are representing an Applicant or Participant by conducting
business with SBA in connection with SBA business loan programs. See 13 CFR § 103.1
for additional definitions that pertain to Part 103 actions. In addition, “Respondent” means
the subject of an SBA suspension or revocation action.
a. Cause for suspension or revocation actions. SBA may suspend or revoke an Agent’s
privilege to conduct business with the SBA for any of the causes identified in 13 CFR
§ 103.4. As with other enforcement actions, OCRM must seek assistance from OGC
on the interpretation of regulations and in determining the appropriate enforcement
action and procedure, as necessary.
b. Notice of proposed suspension or revocation. After consideration of the causes in 13
CFR § 103.4, if the D/OCRM proposes to suspend or revoke a Respondent’s privilege
to conduct business with SBA, the official sends the respondent a Notice of Proposed
Suspension or Revocation, advising:
i. That the D/OCRM is considering suspending or revoking a Respondent’s
privilege to conduct business with SBA;
ii. Of the factual basis for proposing to suspend or revoke a Respondent’s privilege
to conduct business with SBA in terms sufficient to put the Respondent on
notice of the conduct or transactions upon which the proposed suspension or
revocation is based;
iii. Of the good cause under 13 CFR § 103.4 upon which the D/OCRM relied for
proposing the Respondent for suspension or revocation;
iv. Of the length of the proposed suspension or revocation; and
v. Of the applicable provisions of 13 CFR Part 103, this section, and other Agency
procedures governing suspension or revocation.
c. Contesting a proposed suspension or revocation. If a Respondent wishes to contest a
proposed suspension or revocation, the Respondent, or Respondent’s representative,
must provide the D/OCRM a written response identifying information in opposition to
the proposed suspension or revocation. The response must identify all specific facts
that contradict the statements contained in the Notice of Proposed Suspension or
Revocation, include all legal arguments and contain all supporting documentation the
Respondent wishes the D/OCRM to consider in opposition to the proposed suspension
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or revocation. The Respondent should include any information about any of the factors
listed in 13 CFR § 103.4. A general denial is insufficient to raise a genuine dispute over
facts material to the suspension or revocation.
d. Time to contest proposed suspension or revocation. A Respondent must send the
response to the D/OCRM within 30 calendar days of the Respondent’s receipt of the
Notice of Proposed Suspension or Revocation, or within some other term established
by SBA in that notice. The Respondent may request additional time to respond to the
Notice of Proposed Suspension or Revocation if the Respondent can show good cause
as to why the Respondent is not able to respond within the applicable timeframe.
Respondents must request additional time in writing and the D/OCRM must receive
that request before the time for a response lapses. The Respondent will be deemed to
have received the Notice of Proposed Suspension or Revocation the earlier of:
i. Two days after SBA sends the Notice or Proposed Suspension or Revocation,
if SBA sends the Notice to the Respondent’s last known street address by
overnight delivery or,
ii. When sent, if the Agency sends the notice by email, unless the Respondent can
provide compelling evidence to the contrary.
e. Conduct fact-finding for suspensions and revocations. If the D/OCRM determines that
fact-finding is necessary for proper consideration of the proposed suspension or
revocation because a genuine dispute of material facts exists, he or she may refer the
matter to another official for fact-finding. If SBA conducts fact-finding, the Respondent
and SBA may present witnesses and other evidence, and confront any witness
presented; and, the fact finder must prepare written findings of fact for the record.
A transcribed record of fact-finding proceedings must be made, unless the Respondent
and SBA agree to waive it in advance. If the Respondent wants a copy of the transcribed
record, the Respondent may purchase it.
f. Standard of proof for a suspension or revocation. If a suspension or revocation action,
SBA must establish the cause for the suspension or revocation by a preponderance of
the evidence.
g. Burden of proof in a suspension or revocation action. SBA has the burden to prove that
a cause for suspension or revocation exists. Once a cause for suspension or revocation
is established, the Respondent has the burden of demonstrating to the satisfaction of
the D/OCRM that suspension or revocation is not warranted.
h. Notice of suspension or revocation. After consideration of all relevant information, the
D/OCRM sends the Respondent a written decision stating that the D/OCRM decided
either:
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i. Not to suspend or revoke a Respondent’s privilege to conduct business with
SBA; or
ii. To suspend or revoke a Respondent’s privilege to conduct business with SBA.
In this event, the D/OCRM’s decision:
a) Refers to the Notice of Proposed Suspension or Revocation;
b) Specifies the reasons for suspension or revocation; and
c) For a suspension, states the period of suspension, including the
effective dates.
i. Reconsideration of a suspension or revocation. A Respondent may ask the D/OCRM
to reconsider the suspension or revocation decision to reduce the time of the suspension
or revocation. The Respondent, however, must put the reconsideration request in
writing and support the reconsideration request with documentation.
j. Appeal of a suspension or revocation. Respondents may appeal suspension or
revocation to SBA’s Office of Hearings and Appeals under 13 CFR Part 134. A
Respondent’s suspension or revocation remains in effect during the pendency of any
administrative appeal under 13 CFR Part 134.
k. The System for Award Management Exclusions (SAM Exclusions), formerly known
as the Excluded Party List Systems (EPLS). SAM Exclusions is a widely available
source of the most current information about persons who are excluded or disqualified
from certain transactions with the Federal government. These transactions are specified
in 2 CFR Part 180 and adopted by reference in 2 CFR Part 2700. SAM Exclusions
contain, among other things, suspensions, debarments, statutory ineligibility
determinations, and other program exclusions. SAM Exclusions are available to view
at https://www.sam.gov. If SBA imposes a suspension of revocation under 13 CFR Part
103, SBA may post the suspension and revocation decision on its website and an
Agency Suspending and Debarring Official (SDO) may exclude or disqualify the
person. The exclusion is then placed into SAM Exclusions, or successor system, which
is accessible by the general public. A suspension or revocation under 13 CFR Part 103
is SBA specific. A suspension or revocation under 13 CFR Part 103 does not, by itself,
prohibit the affected Agent’s participation in other Federal government programs.
l. Action under this provision does not preclude SBA or another Agency from pursuing
a suspension or debarment action or taking other action.
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Chapter 5: Oversight Fees
Chapter 5: Oversight Fees
1. Fees that SBA may charge 7(a) Lenders for Lender Oversight
7(a) Lenders are required to pay fees to cover the costs of reviews, examinations, and other
lender oversight activities. See 15 USC § 634(b)(14) and 13 CFR § 120.1070.
The fees may cover:
a. The cost of conducting monitoring (e.g., L/LMS related reviews/ monitoring and
Lender Portal data-reviews);
b. The cost of conducting more in-depth 7(a) Lender reviews (e.g., for all 7(a) Lenders
Delegated Authority Review, Targeted Review, Full Scope Review, other reviews,
and related review activities, such as corrective action assessments. For SBA
Supervised Lenders, the list expands to include activities such as the Quarterly
Condition and Certification of Capital Compliance Reviews.);
c. The cost of conducting loan reviews (e.g., Secondary Market Sales Evaluation
Loan-by-Loan Reviews);
i. 7(a) Lenders are advised to ensure that when submitting a loan for
Secondary Market Sales Evaluation Loan-by-Loan Review that the 7(a)
Lender has included all needed documentation and considers whether with
that documentation the loan complies with SBA Loan Program
Requirements such that it can be approved. If the review identifies
deficiencies and the loan is not approved for sale, the 7(a) Lender may elect
to resubmit the loan after having corrected the deficiencies; however, SBA
will assess an additional fee for each subsequent review of that loan. 7(a)
Lenders will be invoiced following the review. The review fee is payable
even if SBA does not approve the loan for sale.
d. The cost of conducting safety and soundness examinations of an SBA Supervised
Lender and related activities such as corrective action assessments; and
e. Any additional expenses that SBA incurs in carrying out 7(a) Lender oversight
activities (e.g., technical assistance, analytics, and similar costs, salaries and travel
expenses of SBA employees, and equipment expenses directly related to 7(a)
Lender oversight).
2. How and When SBA Allocates 7(a) Lender Oversight Fees
a. In general, where the costs that SBA incurs for a review, examination, monitoring,
or other 7(a) Lender oversight activity are specific to a particular 7(a) Lender, SBA
will charge that Lender a fee for the actual costs of the oversight activity. For
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example, for most reviews or examinations conducted under “b”, “c”, and “d”
above, SBA will invoice each 7(a) Lender for the amount owed following
completion of the review of examination.
b. In general, where the costs that SBA incurs for the 7(a) Lender oversight activity
are not sufficiently specific to a specific 7(a) Lender, SBA will assess a fee based
on each 7(a) Lender’s portion of the total dollar amount of SBA guarantees in
SBA’s total portfolio or in the relevant portfolio segment being reviewed or
examined, to cover the costs of such activity. For these fees, such as the L/LMS
related reviews/ monitoring conducted under subparagraph “a” above and certain
other 7(a) Lender oversight activity expenses under “e” above, SBA will invoice
each 7(a) Lender on an annual basis.
3. How SBA Invoices the Fees
a. The invoice will state the charges, the date by which payment is due, and the
approved payment method(s).
b. The due date will be no less than 30 calendar days from the invoice date.
c. SBA may waive the fees assessed under paragraph 2.b. of this Chapter for those
7(a) Lenders owning less than a threshold amount if SBA determines that it is not
cost effective to collect the fee.
4. SBA’s Policy Regarding Delinquent Oversight Fees
a. If the total amount of fees due is not received by the due date specified in the bill,
any unpaid amount is considered delinquent and SBA will charge interest,
penalties, and other applicable charges on delinquent payments as authorized by 31
USC § 3717.
5. Consequences of Failure to Pay Lender Oversight Fees
a. A 7(a) Lender’s failure to pay the full fee, or pay any interest, penalties, or other
charges due, may result in enforcement actions, including but not limited to,
suspension or revocation of a 7(a) Lender’s eligibility to participate in the 7(a)
program, limiting a 7(a) Lender’s delegated authority, and/or further collection
proceedings.
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Appendix 1: Current PARRiS Component Factors
The quantitative and qualitative PARRiS factors currently analyzed for each component include,
but are not limited to:
“P” – Portfolio Performance
Quantitative Factors Qualitative Factors
• 5-Year Cumulative Net Yield • Impact of acquired loans
• 12-Month Default Rate • Local/regional economic conditions
• 5-Year Default Rate • Changes in loan policies and practices
• Geographic distribution of SBA
Lender’s 7(a) portfolio and the SBA
Lender’s management of that
distribution
• Portfolio composition
• Impact of rapid growth on the metrics
“A” – Asset Management
Quantitative Factors Qualitative Factors
• High Risk Origination Rate • Credit Administration (e.g., eligibility,
• Early Problem Loan Rate credit analysis, compliance with Loan
• Stressed Loan Rate Authorization requirements, etc.)
• Servicing (e.g., continued creditworthi-
ness monitoring, tracking and
maintaining elements required by the
Loan Authorization, etc.)
• Liquidation and Resolution Risk (e.g.,
liquidation plans, timely submission of
wrap-up reports, ensuring loans in
active default are progressing toward
final resolution, etc.)
• Mission Risk (e.g., risk associated with
a particular lending program)
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“R” – Regulatory Compliance
Quantitative Factors Qualitative Factors
• Loans in Default Status Over 3 Years • Loan Eligibility (e.g., credit is not
Rate available elsewhere, use of proceeds,
• 1502 Reporting Rate etc. See 13 CFR § 120.101)
• 24-Month Repair/Denial Rate • Accurate and Complete SBA Form
1502 submissions
• Timely and accurate remittances such
as guarantee fees, liquidation proceeds
via SBA Form 172, and receivables due
SBA
• Compliance with SBA Form 159
reporting requirements to include
ensuring fees, such as packaging and
referral fees, assessed comply with
SBA Loan Program Requirements.
• Compliance with required corrective
actions
• Compliance with requirements related
to Lender Service Providers, where
required
“Ri” – Risk Management
Quantitative Factors Qualitative Factors
• Forecasted Purchase Rate (FPR) • Board approved internal control
• Primary Federal Financial Institution policies and practices, including
Regulator Total-Risk Based Capital independent loan review and loan
Rate classification system consistent with
• Non-Performing Asset Ratio Federal Financial Institution
Regulators
• Management and staff capabilities
• Day-to-day responsibility for SBA
Program management
• Oversight and management of Lender
Service Providers (LSP) (if applicable)
• Operating plan and strategy
• Adherence to the Lender’s own credit
and operating policies and LSP
Agreements (the latter if applicable)
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“S” – Special Items
Quantitative Factors Qualitative Factors
• Average Portfolio SBPS Score • Loan participation and pledges
(Weighted) • Fraud, waste, and abuse matters
• 5-Year Charge-Off Rate • Evaluation of regulatory orders for
• Public Corrective Action with impact on SBA portfolio and program
Regulator/ No Prudential Regulator risk
• Other items of concern
SBA provided definitions for each of the quantitative factors in the Lender Portal.
The PARRiS methodology also features “Indicators” that are intended to highlight additional areas
that SBA monitors in identifying risk. Currently, the PARRiS Indicators include: (1) Top Industry
Concentration Rate; (2) Franchise Rate; (3) Secondary Market Sale Rate; (4) Acquired Loan Rate;
(5) Rapid Portfolio Growth; (6) Loan Agent Count Over 5 Years; (7) Early Default Rate; (8) Last
12 Month New Business Rate; (9) Last 12 Month Small Loan Rate; (10) Last 12 Month Export
Loan Rate; and (11) Last 12 Month Accommodation Loan Rate.
The quantitative factors and Indicators are subject to change based on risks identified in the
portfolio.
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Appendix 2: Current SMART Component Factors
The quantitative and qualitative SMART factors currently analyzed for each component include,
but are not limited to:
“S” – Solvency and Financial Condition
Quantitative Factors Qualitative Factors
• 5-Year Cumulative Net Yield • Reserves for future operations
• 12-Month Default Rate • Liquidity risk management
• 5-Year Default Rate • Balance sheet leverage
“M” – Management and Board Governance
Quantitative Factors Qualitative Factors
• Forecasted Purchase Rate • Board-approved internal control
• High Risk Origination Rate policies, including independent loan
• Loans in Purchase Status Over 3 review and loan classification system
Years Rate • Business strategy and planning
• Audit and review programs
• IT operations
• Management of risk concentrations
“A” – Asset Quality and Servicing
Quantitative Factors Qualitative Factors
• Stressed Loan Rate • Credit administration
• 5-Year Charge Off Rate • Servicing and liquidation management
• Early Problem Loan Rate • Potential fraud, negligence, or
misrepresentation issues on individual
504 loans
“R” – Regulatory Compliance
Quantitative Factors Qualitative Factors
• Minimum Level of 504 Loan Activity • Timely and complete submissions of
CDC Annual Report (and PCLP Loan
Loss Reserve Report, if required)
• Liability insurance minimums
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“T” – Technical Issues and Mission
Quantitative Factors Qualitative Factors
• Average Small Business Predictive • CDC support of “other economic
Score (SBPS) (Weighted) development initiatives”
• Top Industry Concentration Rate • Job creation and retention
documentation and reporting
• Professional services contracts
• Franchise concentration rate
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Appendix 3: Sample PARRiS Scorecard with Benchmarks and PARRiS Indicators
PARRiS BENCHMARKS
Lender Lender Peer
Results Benchmark Score Group Portfolio
Portfolio Performance
5-Year Cumulative Net Yield 0.3% Moderate Risk 3 0.5% 0.8%
12-Month Default Rate 0.0% Lower Risk 1 3.0% 2.5%
5-Year Default Rate 1.8% Moderate Risk 3 2.0% 1.8%
Asset Management
High Risk Origination Rate 6.6% Lower Risk 1 12.8% 11.5%
Early Problem Loan Rate 0.6% Moderate Risk 3 2.3% 2.2%
Stressed Loan Rate 0.4% Moderate Risk 3 2.1% 1.7%
Regulatory Compliance
Loans in Default Status over 3 0.0% Lower Risk 1 25.8% 25.9%
Year Rate
1502 Reporting Rate 100.0% Lower Risk 1 99.0% 99.0%
24-Month Repair/ Denial Rate 0.0% Lower Risk 1 2.5% 4.4%
Risk Management
Forecasted Purchase Rate 0.72% Moderate Risk 3 1.55% 1.4%
Total Risk-Based Capital Rate 16.2% Lower Risk 1 14.5% 15.7%
Non-Performing Asset Ratio 5.7% Lower Risk 1 11.6% 9.0%
Special Items
Average Portfolio SBPS Score 185 Moderate Risk 3 185 186
5-Year Charge-Off Rate 4.0% Moderate Risk 3 7.0 6.0%
Public Corrective Action with No Lower Risk 1
Regulator/ No Prudential
Regulator
PARRiS Indicators
Lender Flag Peer
Results (Yes/ No) Group Portfolio
Top Industry Concentration Rate 16.3% No 26.6% 22.7%
Franchise Rate 21.4% Yes 23.8% 17.8%
Secondary Market Sale Rate 81.4% Yes 68.4% 53.3%
Acquired Loan Rate 68.6% Yes 16.5% 11.8%
Rapid Portfolio Growth 34.7% Yes 22.5% 13.5%
Loan Agent Count Over 5 Years 71 Yes 59 38
Early Default Rate 0.0% No 1.1% 1.1%
Last 12 Month New Business Rate 72.8% Yes 57.8% 53.6%
Last 12 Month Small Loan Rate 0.7% No 16.6% 19.6%
Last 12 Month Export Loan Rate 1.7% No 3.7% 3.9%
Last 12 Month Accommodation Loan Rate 27.2% Yes 16.4% 9.3%
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Appendix 4: Sample SMART Scorecard with Benchmarks
SMART Benchmarks
Lender Lender Peer
Results Benchmarks Score Group Portfolio
Solvency and Financial Condition
5-Year Cumulative Net Yield 1.1% Lower Risk 1 1.1% 1.2%
12-Month Default Rate 0.0% Lower Risk 1 1.0% 0.8%
5-Year Default Rate 0.2% Moderate Risk 3 0.8% 0.7%
Management
Forecasted Purchase Rate 3.3% Higher Risk 5 2.9% 2.0%
High Risk Origination Rate 1.6% Moderate Risk 3 8.9% 8.3%
Loans in Purchase Status over 100.0% Higher Risk 5 26.6% 26.7%
3 Years Rate
Asset Quality
Stressed Rate 13.2% Higher Risk 5 8.3% 4.8%
5-Year Charge Off Rate 2.1% Lower Risk 1 3.8% 2.5%
Early Problem Loan Rate 0.0% Lower Risk 1 2.1% 2.0%
Regulatory Compliance
Minimum Level of 504 23 Lower Risk 1 26 58
Activity
Technical Issues
Average Portfolio SBPS 192 Moderate Risk 3 193 194
($ Weighted)
Top Industry Concentration 16.8% Moderate Risk 3 18.5% 14.4%
Rate
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