BLS The Employment Situation - May 2026
Summary
The Employment Situation — May 2026, a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics news release, USDL-26-0786, embargoed until 8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, June 5, 2026. The release reports that total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 172,000 in May and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.3 percent, with job gains in leisure and hospitality, local government and health care and a decline in financial activities. From the household survey it reports 7.3 million unemployed people, a labor force participation rate of 61.8 percent and an employment-population ratio of 59.2 percent. From the establishment survey it reports average hourly earnings of $37.53 and upward revisions for March and April. The release notes that data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown, and it includes household and establishment data tables.
Summary drafted by a model from the document's text below and checked by script against that text before publication. It is a navigation aid, not a reading of what the document proves. Where AI is used
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“BLS The Employment Situation - May 2026.”
Original at www.bls.gov. Archived at Pandemic Darlings, https://pandemicdarlings.com/source-documents/negative-employment-changes-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-psycholog-a8d416acfc/
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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-26-0786
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, June 5, 2026
Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MAY 2026
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 172,000 in May, and the unemployment rate was
unchanged at 4.3 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in
leisure and hospitality, local government, and health care. Employment in financial activities declined.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
May 2024 – May 2026 seasonally adjusted, May 2024 – May 2026
Percent Thousands
5.5 300
5.0 200
4.5 100
4.0 0
3.5 -100
3.0 -200
May-24 Aug-24 Nov-24 Feb-25 May-25 Aug-25 Nov-25 Feb-26 May-26 May-24 Aug-24 Nov-24 Feb-25 May-25 Aug-25 Nov-25 Feb-26 May-26
Note: Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal
government shutdown.
This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
The major labor market indicators from the survey of households continued to show little or no change
in May. The unemployment rate held at 4.3 percent and has remained in a narrow range of 4.3 percent
to 4.5 percent since July 2025. The number of unemployed people, at 7.3 million, changed little over
the month. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates showed little or no change in May for adult
men (4.0 percent), adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers (14.7 percent), and people who are White (3.8
percent), Black (6.6 percent), Asian (3.8 percent), or Hispanic (5.0 percent). (See tables A-1, A-2, and
A-3.)
The number of people jobless less than 5 weeks declined by 286,000 to 2.2 million in May, largely
offsetting an increase in the prior month. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27
weeks or more) was little changed over the month at 2.0 million but is up by 524,000 over the year. The
long-term unemployed accounted for 27.5 percent of all unemployed people in May. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate held at 61.8 percent in May, and the employment-population ratio
changed little at 59.2 percent. These measures showed little change over the year, after accounting for
annual population control adjustments. (See table A-1.)
The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.8 million, changed little in May.
These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time because their
hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
In May, the number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job changed little at 6.2
million. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for
work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached to the
labor force changed little at 1.7 million in May. These individuals wanted and were available for work
and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who
believed that no jobs were available for them, was 486,000 in May, essentially unchanged from the
previous month. (See Summary table A.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 172,000 in May, similar to the gain of 179,000 in
April. In May, job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality, local government, and health care.
Employment in financial activities declined. (See table B-1.)
Leisure and hospitality added 70,000 jobs in May, well above the average monthly gain of 14,000 over
the prior 12 months. Over the month, food services and drinking places added 48,000 jobs.
In May, employment in local government rose by 55,000, largely reflecting a gain in local government,
excluding education (+44,000).
Health care added 35,000 jobs in May, in line with the average monthly gain of 38,000 over the prior
12 months. Over the month, ambulatory health care services added 26,000 jobs, including a gain of
11,000 in home health care services. Employment continued to trend up in hospitals (+6,000).
Social assistance employment continued to trend up in May (+12,000), mostly in individual and family
services (+10,000). Over the prior 12 months, social assistance had added an average of 17,000 jobs per
month.
-2-
Employment in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction increased by 5,000 in May and is up by
10,000 since February.
Financial activities employment declined by 22,000 in May and is down by 107,000 since a recent peak
in May 2025. Over the month, job losses occurred in insurance carriers and related activities (-11,000)
and commercial banking (-3,000).
Employment in transportation and warehousing was essentially unchanged in May (+1,000) but is
down by 92,000 since reaching a peak in February 2025. Over the month, transit and ground passenger
transportation (+9,000) and warehousing and storage (+6,000) added jobs. Air transportation lost 9,000
jobs, largely reflecting a business closure.
Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including construction,
manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade, information, professional and business services, and
other services.
In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 cents, or
0.3 percent, to $37.53. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 3.4 percent. In May,
average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 8 cents,
or 0.2 percent, to $32.31. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3 hours in
May. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.4 hours, and overtime edged up to
3.1 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm
payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised up by 29,000, from +185,000 to
+214,000, and the change for April was revised up by 64,000, from +115,000 to +179,000. With these
revisions, employment in March and April combined is 93,000 higher than previously reported.
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Thursday, July 2, 2026, at 8:30
a.m. (ET).
-3-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Change from:
May Mar. Apr. May
Category Apr. 2026-
2025 2026 2026 2026
May 2026
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273,385 274,858 274,955 275,054 99
Civilian labor force.......................................................... . 170,492 170,087 169,995 170,078 83
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 61.9 61.8 61.8 0.0
Employed.................................................................. . 163,244 162,848 162,622 162,771 149
Employment-population ratio......................................... . 59.7 59.2 59.1 59.2 0.1
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,248 7,239 7,373 7,307 -66
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 0.0
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,893 104,771 104,959 104,976 17
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 0.0
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.0 0.0
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 -0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 13.7 14.4 14.7 0.3
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.8 0.1
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 7.1 7.3 6.6 -0.7
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.8 0.5
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ . 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.0 0.0
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.9 6.4 6.0 -0.4
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.4 -0.3
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.6 0.4
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. . 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 -0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs................... . 3,459 3,403 3,511 3,385 -126
Job leavers..................................................................... . 706 898 844 916 72
Reentrants...................................................................... . 2,291 2,254 2,282 2,209 -73
New entrants................................................................... . 734 714 805 818 13
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,456 2,138 2,496 2,210 -286
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. . 2,203 1,998 1,859 1,946 87
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,042 1,212 1,057 1,077 20
27 weeks and over............................................................ . 1,464 1,821 1,833 1,988 155
Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,624 4,497 4,942 4,805 -137
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,009 3,107 3,289 3,263 -26
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376 1,126 1,267 1,208 -59
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... . 22,600 22,767 22,706 22,853 147
People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571 1,944 1,792 1,723 -69
Discouraged workers....................................................... . 390 510 475 486 11
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
May Mar. Apr. May
Category 2025 2026 2026p 2026p
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 214 179 172
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 202 177 120
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -17 33 14 28
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 3 5 4
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2 15 9 17
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -11 15 0 7
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8 13 2 17
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 1.7 -4.6 3.6
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 2 -2 -10
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 169 163 92
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 -1.7 -1.8 -3.7
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -21.6 9.6 23.5 -1.1
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 25.1 39.3 0.6
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 -0.5 1.0 1.4
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 1 -8 -2
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 -17 -6 -22
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20 28 22 6
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -14.4 8.0 8.7 1.4
Private education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 95 54 40
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 92.7 58.0 47.2
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 44 30 70
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 -14 9 3
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7 12 2 52
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 73 79 188
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 78 77 166
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 48.5 48.6 48.6
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.5 81.6 81.7 81.7
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 34.2 34.3 34.3
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $36.28 $37.35 $37.41 $37.53
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,240.78 $1,277.37 $1,283.16 $1,287.28
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.8 116.2 116.7 116.8
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200.9 207.5 208.7 209.5
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.4
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (250 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 54.0 54.0 54.4
Manufacturing (72 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 49.3 46.5 53.5
1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
122,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 650,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes. About 46 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly
Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than
sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses
into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance
on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year. More information on business births and deaths in the establishment survey is
available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbd.htm.
6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All people
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment
estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees
have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any
part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more
information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of people who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a
measure of the number of people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad
weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; labor force as a percent of the population, and
establishment survey). The household survey provides the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
information on the labor force, employment, and percent of the population. Additional information
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked about the household survey can be found at
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
The establishment survey provides information on drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each those who worked or received pay for any part of the
month from the payroll records of a sample of reference pay period, including people on paid leave. People
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data
CES program surveys about 119,000 businesses and are produced for the private sector for all employees and for
government agencies, representing approximately 622,000 production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
26 percent of all nonfarm payroll jobs. employees in private service-providing industries.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a Industries are classified on the basis of an
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 2022 version of the North American Industry Classification
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the System. Additional information about the establishment
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on surveys. Among these are:
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample • The household survey includes agricultural
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
the labor force. are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
People are classified as employed if they did any work private household workers among the employed.
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked These groups are excluded from the establishment
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or survey.
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were • The household survey includes people on unpaid
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad leave among the employed. The establishment
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal survey does not.
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of • The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
the following criteria: they had no employment during the of age and older. The establishment survey is not
reference week; they were available for work at that time; limited by age.
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the • The household survey has no duplication of
reference week. People laid off from a job and expecting individuals, because individuals are counted only
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the establishment survey, employees working at more
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for than one job and thus appearing on more than one
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and
unemployed. Those people not classified as employed or
unemployed are not in the labor force. The
Seasonal adjustment Reliability of the estimates
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor Statistics based on the household and establishment
force and the levels of employment and unemployment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such differ from the true population values they represent. The
seasonal variation can be very large. component of this difference that occurs because samples
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
developments, such as declines in employment or increases than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic survey is on the order of plus or minus 122,000. Suppose the
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the monthly change would range from -72,000 to +172,000
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying (50,000 +/- 122,000). These figures do not mean that the
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-the-
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make month change lies within this interval. Since this range
underlying employment patterns more discernible. The includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
activity. rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
as total payroll employment, employment in most major unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
by aggregating independently adjusted component series. as measured by the household survey is about +/- 425,000,
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this about +/- 0.3 percentage point.
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be In general, estimates involving many individuals or
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and small number of observations. The precision of estimates
duration are derived from the sum of the independently also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
seasonally adjusted component series and will not as for quarterly and annual averages.
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally The household and establishment surveys are also
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa. population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
For both the household and establishment surveys, a in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current processing of the data.
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated that the estimate is considered final.
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the The sample-based estimates from the establishment
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an administrative records of the unemployment insurance
estimation procedure with two components is used to program. The difference between the March sample-based
account for business births. The first component excludes employment estimates and the March universe counts is
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains for total survey error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes
from business births. This is incorporated into the sample- in the classification of industries when necessary. The
based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample absolute average benchmark revision for total nonfarm
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment over the prior 10 years is 0.2 percent. Over this
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This time, revisions ranged from -0.4 percent to 0.3 percent.
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment. Other information
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth-death employment If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
series used in the ARIMA model is derived from the relay services.
unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and
reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the
past 5 years. In addition to this time series of actual residual
net of births and deaths series, the ARIMA-based component
of the birth-death model includes current sample information
to inform the forecasts. More information on business births
and deaths in the establishment survey is available at
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbd.htm.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2026
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273,385 274,955 275,054 273,385 274,676 274,766 274,858 274,955 275,054
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170,216 169,548 169,801 170,492 170,465 170,483 170,087 169,995 170,078
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 61.7 61.7 62.4 62.1 62.0 61.9 61.8 61.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,401 162,781 162,897 163,244 163,097 162,912 162,848 162,622 162,771
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 59.2 59.2 59.7 59.4 59.3 59.2 59.1 59.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,815 6,768 6,904 7,248 7,368 7,571 7,239 7,373 7,307
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,169 105,406 105,253 102,893 104,211 104,283 104,771 104,959 104,976
People who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,567 5,956 6,756 6,008 5,838 5,974 6,040 6,111 6,187
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,351 132,670 132,714 133,351 132,546 132,586 132,627 132,670 132,714
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,249 88,712 89,018 90,388 89,200 89,101 88,846 88,936 89,138
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 66.9 67.1 67.8 67.3 67.2 67.0 67.0 67.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,565 84,981 85,245 86,473 85,348 85,210 85,111 85,007 85,172
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 64.1 64.2 64.8 64.4 64.3 64.2 64.1 64.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,685 3,731 3,773 3,915 3,852 3,891 3,736 3,929 3,966
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,102 43,958 43,696 42,963 43,345 43,485 43,780 43,734 43,576
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,261 123,704 123,760 124,261 123,570 123,612 123,657 123,704 123,760
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,032 85,739 85,927 87,100 86,096 86,006 85,796 85,791 85,982
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 69.3 69.4 70.1 69.7 69.6 69.4 69.4 69.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,836 82,420 82,646 83,705 82,783 82,591 82,562 82,353 82,539
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 66.6 66.8 67.4 67.0 66.8 66.8 66.6 66.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,196 3,320 3,281 3,395 3,313 3,415 3,235 3,438 3,443
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,229 37,964 37,833 37,161 37,474 37,606 37,860 37,913 37,778
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,033 142,284 142,340 140,033 142,130 142,180 142,231 142,284 142,340
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,967 80,837 80,783 80,103 81,265 81,382 81,241 81,059 80,940
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.1 56.8 56.8 57.2 57.2 57.2 57.1 57.0 56.9
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,836 77,799 77,652 76,771 77,749 77,702 77,737 77,615 77,599
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.9 54.7 54.6 54.8 54.7 54.7 54.7 54.5 54.5
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,130 3,037 3,130 3,333 3,515 3,680 3,503 3,444 3,341
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,067 61,448 61,558 59,930 60,865 60,798 60,991 61,225 61,400
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,268 133,648 133,715 131,268 133,489 133,541 133,593 133,648 133,715
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,861 77,854 77,714 76,959 78,128 78,183 78,007 77,898 77,827
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 58.3 58.1 58.6 58.5 58.5 58.4 58.3 58.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,073 75,168 74,979 73,970 74,925 74,965 74,861 74,872 74,882
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 56.2 56.1 56.4 56.1 56.1 56.0 56.0 56.0
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,787 2,686 2,734 2,989 3,203 3,218 3,146 3,026 2,945
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,407 55,793 56,002 54,309 55,361 55,358 55,587 55,750 55,889
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,856 17,603 17,579 17,856 17,617 17,613 17,608 17,603 17,579
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,323 5,955 6,160 6,433 6,241 6,294 6,284 6,307 6,269
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 33.8 35.0 36.0 35.4 35.7 35.7 35.8 35.7
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,492 5,193 5,271 5,569 5,390 5,357 5,425 5,397 5,350
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 29.5 30.0 31.2 30.6 30.4 30.8 30.7 30.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 762 889 864 851 937 858 910 919
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 12.8 14.4 13.4 13.6 14.9 13.7 14.4 14.7
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,533 11,648 11,418 11,423 11,376 11,319 11,324 11,297 11,309
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, race, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2026
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,377 202,448 202,468 207,377 202,423 202,426 202,436 202,448 202,468
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,277 123,423 123,630 128,490 123,997 123,986 123,841 123,673 123,868
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 61.0 61.1 62.0 61.3 61.2 61.2 61.1 61.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,650 119,209 119,180 123,567 119,412 119,402 119,371 119,071 119,133
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 58.9 58.9 59.6 59.0 59.0 59.0 58.8 58.8
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,627 4,214 4,451 4,923 4,585 4,584 4,470 4,602 4,735
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.8
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,100 79,025 78,838 78,887 78,426 78,441 78,595 78,775 78,600
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,533 63,345 63,584 66,581 63,834 63,768 63,724 63,399 63,656
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.5 68.4 68.7 69.6 68.9 68.9 68.8 68.5 68.7
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,299 61,231 61,418 64,193 61,734 61,574 61,684 61,199 61,344
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 66.1 66.3 67.1 66.7 66.5 66.6 66.1 66.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,234 2,114 2,166 2,388 2,100 2,194 2,040 2,200 2,312
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,799 55,717 55,537 56,905 55,661 55,682 55,596 55,698 55,649
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.5 56.9 56.7 57.6 56.9 56.9 56.8 56.9 56.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,065 54,100 53,799 55,034 53,748 53,874 53,721 53,876 53,776
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 55.3 55.0 55.7 54.9 55.1 54.9 55.1 54.9
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,733 1,617 1,738 1,871 1,913 1,808 1,875 1,821 1,873
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,945 4,361 4,509 5,004 4,502 4,536 4,521 4,577 4,563
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.6 36.4 37.7 39.1 37.5 37.8 37.7 38.2 38.1
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,285 3,877 3,963 4,339 3,929 3,955 3,966 3,996 4,012
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.5 32.3 33.1 33.9 32.7 33.0 33.1 33.3 33.5
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 483 547 664 572 581 555 581 551
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 11.1 12.1 13.3 12.7 12.8 12.3 12.7 12.1
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,751 35,434 35,455 35,751 35,364 35,388 35,411 35,434 35,455
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,189 21,986 21,981 22,184 22,160 22,286 22,195 22,044 21,996
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 62.0 62.0 62.1 62.7 63.0 62.7 62.2 62.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,876 20,538 20,581 20,833 20,553 20,579 20,621 20,442 20,543
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.4 58.0 58.0 58.3 58.1 58.2 58.2 57.7 57.9
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,313 1,449 1,400 1,351 1,607 1,707 1,574 1,602 1,453
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 6.6 6.4 6.1 7.3 7.7 7.1 7.3 6.6
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,562 13,448 13,474 13,567 13,204 13,102 13,216 13,390 13,459
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,416 10,158 10,093 10,410 10,148 10,113 10,057 10,167 10,093
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 68.2 67.8 68.5 68.3 68.0 67.6 68.3 67.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,876 9,490 9,455 9,865 9,402 9,407 9,328 9,464 9,445
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.0 63.8 63.5 64.9 63.3 63.3 62.7 63.6 63.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 668 638 546 747 706 729 703 648
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 6.6 6.3 5.2 7.4 7.0 7.3 6.9 6.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,042 11,065 11,123 11,022 11,177 11,369 11,308 11,076 11,116
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 61.9 62.2 61.7 62.6 63.7 63.3 61.9 62.1
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,371 10,449 10,541 10,328 10,459 10,565 10,617 10,358 10,499
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.0 58.4 58.9 57.8 58.6 59.2 59.4 57.9 58.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 616 582 694 717 804 691 718 617
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 5.6 5.2 6.3 6.4 7.1 6.1 6.5 5.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 764 765 752 835 804 830 801 786
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 28.6 28.7 28.0 31.3 30.2 31.1 30.0 29.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 599 585 641 692 606 676 619 598
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.5 22.5 22.0 23.9 26.0 22.8 25.4 23.2 22.5
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 165 180 111 143 197 154 182 188
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 21.6 23.6 14.8 17.1 24.5 18.5 22.7 23.9
See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, race, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2026
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,291 21,088 20,939 19,291 20,856 21,099 21,176 21,088 20,939
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,686 13,737 13,665 12,709 13,828 13,892 13,860 13,806 13,698
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.8 65.1 65.3 65.9 66.3 65.8 65.4 65.5 65.4
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,250 13,327 13,179 12,246 13,241 13,222 13,348 13,350 13,182
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 63.2 62.9 63.5 63.5 62.7 63.0 63.3 63.0
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 410 486 463 588 670 512 456 516
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.0 3.6 3.6 4.2 4.8 3.7 3.3 3.8
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,605 7,351 7,274 6,582 7,027 7,207 7,317 7,282 7,241
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2026
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,297 52,740 52,799 51,297 52,547 52,614 52,675 52,740 52,799
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,413 35,380 35,445 34,419 35,403 35,396 35,515 35,407 35,475
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 67.1 67.1 67.1 67.4 67.3 67.4 67.1 67.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,781 33,709 33,809 32,649 33,671 33,551 33,794 33,633 33,697
Employment-population ratio.............. . 63.9 63.9 64.0 63.6 64.1 63.8 64.2 63.8 63.8
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,632 1,671 1,636 1,769 1,732 1,845 1,722 1,774 1,778
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.7 4.6 5.1 4.9 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.0
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,884 17,361 17,354 16,878 17,144 17,218 17,160 17,333 17,324
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,435 18,336 18,405 18,421 18,424 18,455 18,330 18,311 18,407
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.3 78.3 78.5 79.2 79.0 79.0 78.4 78.2 78.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,685 17,577 17,763 17,600 17,700 17,618 17,621 17,542 17,688
Employment-population ratio.............. . 76.1 75.0 75.7 75.7 75.9 75.4 75.3 74.9 75.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 759 642 821 724 837 709 769 720
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.1 3.5 4.5 3.9 4.5 3.9 4.2 3.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,464 15,513 15,526 14,450 15,473 15,423 15,648 15,512 15,514
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 63.3 63.2 62.1 63.4 63.1 63.9 63.3 63.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,781 14,822 14,779 13,721 14,731 14,659 14,857 14,774 14,721
Employment-population ratio.............. . 59.2 60.5 60.2 59.0 60.3 60.0 60.7 60.3 60.0
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682 691 748 730 742 764 792 738 793
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.5 4.8 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.1 4.8 5.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,514 1,531 1,514 1,548 1,506 1,518 1,537 1,584 1,554
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 31.9 31.6 32.4 31.4 31.6 32.0 33.0 32.4
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,314 1,310 1,268 1,329 1,241 1,274 1,315 1,317 1,288
Employment-population ratio.............. . 27.5 27.3 26.5 27.8 25.8 26.5 27.4 27.4 26.9
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 221 246 219 266 245 221 267 265
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 14.4 16.3 14.1 17.6 16.1 14.4 16.9 17.1
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2026
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,310 8,498 8,514 9,054 8,863 8,539 8,578 8,395 8,267
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 45.5 45.3 46.6 45.7 46.8 46.7 45.0 44.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,860 7,965 8,072 8,549 8,392 8,063 8,076 7,860 7,768
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.6 42.7 42.9 44.0 43.3 44.2 44.0 42.1 41.3
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 534 443 506 471 476 502 534 499
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 6.3 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.6 5.9 6.4 6.0
High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,522 36,904 36,858 36,470 36,667 36,097 36,293 36,804 36,786
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 56.9 56.9 56.7 56.6 56.5 56.3 56.8 56.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,997 35,275 35,317 34,849 34,997 34,351 34,602 35,075 35,150
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 54.4 54.6 54.1 54.0 53.8 53.7 54.1 54.3
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,526 1,629 1,541 1,620 1,670 1,746 1,691 1,730 1,637
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.4
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,869 35,490 35,595 36,151 35,889 36,338 35,992 35,395 35,893
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 61.4 61.4 62.9 61.3 61.9 61.8 61.2 62.0
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,766 34,428 34,380 34,970 34,598 35,057 34,714 34,276 34,593
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 59.6 59.3 60.8 59.1 59.8 59.6 59.3 59.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,103 1,062 1,215 1,181 1,292 1,281 1,278 1,119 1,299
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.6
Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,678 67,301 67,184 66,749 67,020 67,234 67,265 67,390 67,291
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.2 71.7 71.6 72.3 72.8 71.4 71.5 71.8 71.7
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,066 65,567 65,506 65,018 65,025 65,216 65,364 65,509 65,479
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.5 69.8 69.8 70.4 70.6 69.3 69.5 69.8 69.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,612 1,735 1,679 1,731 1,995 2,018 1,900 1,881 1,813
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.7
1
Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2
Includes people with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total Men Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service May May May May May May
2025 2026 2025 2026 2025 2026
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,294 16,961 15,217 14,875 2,077 2,086
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,256 8,203 7,064 6,999 1,192 1,203
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 48.4 46.4 47.1 57.4 57.7
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,963 7,942 6,834 6,777 1,129 1,164
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.0 46.8 44.9 45.6 54.4 55.8
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 261 231 222 63 39
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.2 5.3 3.3
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,038 8,758 8,153 7,876 885 883
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,669 5,795 4,642 4,766 1,026 1,029
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,397 4,491 3,653 3,788 744 703
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.6 77.5 78.7 79.5 72.5 68.4
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,252 4,308 3,557 3,627 695 681
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.0 74.3 76.6 76.1 67.7 66.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 183 96 161 49 22
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.1 2.6 4.2 6.5 3.1
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,272 1,304 990 978 282 325
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,189 3,184 2,715 2,686 475 498
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,023 2,105 1,742 1,768 281 336
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 66.1 64.2 65.8 59.2 67.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,931 2,064 1,663 1,744 269 319
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 64.8 61.2 64.9 56.6 64.1
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 41 80 24 12 17
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 2.0 4.6 1.4 4.4 5.1
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,166 1,080 973 918 194 162
Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,910 4,598 4,723 4,421 187 177
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 508 574 490 24 18
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 11.0 12.1 11.1 12.6 10.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 494 558 476 24 18
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 10.7 11.8 10.8 12.6 10.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 14 16 14 0 0
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 – –
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,313 4,090 4,149 3,931 163 159
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,526 3,384 3,137 3,002 389 382
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,240 1,100 1,096 954 144 146
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.2 32.5 34.9 31.8 36.9 38.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,198 1,077 1,057 931 142 146
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 31.8 33.7 31.0 36.5 38.2
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 23 39 23 2 0
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.1 3.6 2.4 1.2 0.0
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,286 2,284 2,041 2,048 245 236
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246,775 249,010 113,430 113,148 133,345 135,862
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,811 159,476 82,090 80,998 77,721 78,478
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 64.0 72.4 71.6 58.3 57.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,607 153,212 78,830 77,636 74,777 75,576
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 61.5 69.5 68.6 56.1 55.6
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,204 6,264 3,260 3,362 2,944 2,902
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.2 3.8 3.7
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,964 89,534 31,339 32,150 55,624 57,384
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
People with a disability People with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age May May May May
2025 2026 2025 2026
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... . 35,517 36,768 237,868 238,286
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,719 8,792 161,497 161,009
Participation rate.................................................................... . 24.5 23.9 67.9 67.6
Employed............................................................................ . 8,059 7,992 155,342 154,905
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.7 21.7 65.3 65.0
Unemployed......................................................................... . 660 800 6,155 6,104
Unemployment rate.............................................................. . 7.6 9.1 3.8 3.8
Not in labor force...................................................................... . 26,798 27,977 76,371 77,277
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,605 3,701 80,219 78,997
Participation rate.................................................................... . 42.7 43.4 82.8 83.2
Employed............................................................................ . 3,292 3,330 77,018 75,805
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 39.0 79.5 79.8
Unemployed......................................................................... . 313 371 3,201 3,192
Unemployment rate.............................................................. . 8.7 10.0 4.0 4.0
Not in labor force...................................................................... . 4,843 4,828 16,619 15,939
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,606 3,500 71,151 71,679
Participation rate.................................................................... . 40.3 40.6 72.9 73.0
Employed............................................................................ . 3,329 3,154 68,452 69,027
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.2 36.6 70.1 70.3
Unemployed......................................................................... . 277 346 2,699 2,652
Unemployment rate.............................................................. . 7.7 9.9 3.8 3.7
Not in labor force...................................................................... . 5,352 5,112 26,509 26,570
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,508 1,591 10,128 10,333
Participation rate.................................................................... . 8.3 8.1 23.4 22.9
Employed............................................................................ . 1,438 1,508 9,873 10,074
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.7 22.8 22.3
Unemployed......................................................................... . 70 83 255 259
Unemployment rate.............................................................. . 4.7 5.2 2.5 2.5
Not in labor force...................................................................... . 16,604 18,037 33,243 34,767
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total Men Women
Employment status and nativity May May May May May May
2025 2026 2025 2026 2025 2026
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . 49,593 49,061 24,122 23,004 25,472 26,057
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,706 32,612 18,377 17,672 14,329 14,940
Participation rate................................................. . 65.9 66.5 76.2 76.8 56.3 57.3
Employed......................................................... . 31,579 31,472 17,833 17,130 13,746 14,341
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 64.1 73.9 74.5 54.0 55.0
Unemployed...................................................... . 1,127 1,140 544 542 583 598
Unemployment rate........................................... . 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.1 4.1 4.0
Not in labor force................................................... . 16,887 16,449 5,745 5,332 11,142 11,118
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . 223,791 225,993 109,230 109,710 114,562 116,283
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,510 137,189 71,872 71,346 65,637 65,843
Participation rate................................................. . 61.4 60.7 65.8 65.0 57.3 56.6
Employed......................................................... . 131,822 131,426 68,732 68,115 63,090 63,311
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.9 58.2 62.9 62.1 55.1 54.4
Unemployed...................................................... . 5,688 5,763 3,140 3,231 2,548 2,532
Unemployment rate........................................... . 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 3.9 3.8
Not in labor force................................................... . 86,282 88,804 37,357 38,364 48,924 50,440
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Category May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2026
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,089 2,227 2,278 2,073 2,152 2,257 2,256 2,288 2,261
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,403 1,527 1,664 1,428 1,400 1,500 1,496 1,562 1,648
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 646 670 580 631 756 757 721 678 582
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 30 34 – – – – – –
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,312 160,553 160,619 161,214 160,883 160,706 160,550 160,256 160,589
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,760 151,633 151,502 151,804 151,874 151,786 151,853 151,331 151,624
Government.................................... . 21,879 21,577 21,264 21,836 21,591 21,739 21,325 21,393 21,270
Private industries.............................. . 129,881 130,055 130,238 129,923 130,384 130,046 130,542 129,950 130,318
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 566 576 – – – – – –
Other industries............................. . 129,325 129,489 129,662 129,339 129,710 129,388 129,805 129,341 129,721
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 9,508 8,877 9,066 9,376 9,056 8,841 8,737 8,904 8,943
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 43 52 – – – – – –
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,425 4,749 4,602 4,624 4,873 4,396 4,497 4,942 4,805
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,857 3,152 3,113 3,009 3,181 2,838 3,107 3,289 3,263
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,369 1,266 1,190 1,376 1,379 1,251 1,126 1,267 1,208
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,710 23,382 22,969 22,600 22,899 22,728 22,767 22,706 22,853
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,367 4,681 4,564 4,549 4,836 4,380 4,476 4,873 4,750
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,806 3,135 3,096 2,943 3,167 2,846 3,096 3,274 3,235
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,362 1,259 1,190 1,366 1,373 1,250 1,124 1,258 1,205
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,372 23,019 22,572 22,248 22,520 22,357 22,393 22,322 22,445
1
Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
2
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the
entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,
retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours
during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2026
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,401 162,781 162,897 163,244 163,097 162,912 162,848 162,622 162,771
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,492 5,193 5,271 5,569 5,390 5,357 5,425 5,397 5,350
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,831 1,771 1,744 1,936 1,926 1,963 2,000 1,929 1,850
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,661 3,421 3,528 3,641 3,465 3,418 3,459 3,496 3,510
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,909 157,588 157,626 157,675 157,708 157,555 157,423 157,225 157,421
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,220 14,353 14,351 14,324 14,740 14,709 14,633 14,429 14,463
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,689 143,235 143,275 143,357 142,913 142,777 142,806 142,743 142,936
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,642 105,277 105,322 105,411 105,063 104,909 105,007 104,932 105,089
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,496 36,549 36,658 36,395 36,442 36,331 36,362 36,427 36,549
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,924 36,802 36,806 36,858 36,635 36,556 36,529 36,646 36,737
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,221 31,925 31,857 32,158 31,986 32,022 32,116 31,859 31,802
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,047 37,959 37,953 37,946 37,850 37,868 37,799 37,810 37,847
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,565 84,981 85,245 86,473 85,348 85,210 85,111 85,007 85,172
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,729 2,562 2,598 2,768 2,566 2,619 2,549 2,654 2,633
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901 796 831 948 920 904 860 842 875
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,828 1,765 1,767 1,829 1,650 1,740 1,707 1,829 1,768
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,836 82,420 82,646 83,705 82,783 82,591 82,562 82,353 82,539
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,305 7,344 7,519 7,313 7,489 7,445 7,632 7,382 7,522
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,531 75,076 75,127 76,358 75,325 75,150 74,970 74,972 74,984
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,163 55,357 55,449 56,040 55,270 55,230 55,104 55,253 55,326
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,425 19,483 19,475 19,380 19,398 19,291 19,171 19,431 19,423
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,762 19,354 19,364 19,728 19,310 19,300 19,331 19,304 19,333
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,976 16,520 16,611 16,932 16,562 16,639 16,603 16,517 16,569
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,368 19,718 19,677 20,318 20,055 19,920 19,865 19,719 19,657
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,836 77,799 77,652 76,771 77,749 77,702 77,737 77,615 77,599
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,763 2,631 2,673 2,800 2,824 2,737 2,876 2,743 2,717
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930 975 912 988 1,007 1,059 1,140 1,088 975
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,833 1,656 1,761 1,812 1,815 1,677 1,751 1,667 1,742
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,073 75,168 74,979 73,970 74,925 74,965 74,861 74,872 74,882
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,915 7,009 6,831 7,011 7,252 7,264 7,002 7,047 6,941
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,158 68,160 68,148 66,999 67,588 67,628 67,836 67,771 67,952
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,479 49,919 49,872 49,371 49,793 49,679 49,903 49,680 49,762
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,071 17,066 17,184 17,016 17,044 17,040 17,191 16,996 17,126
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,163 17,449 17,443 17,129 17,325 17,256 17,198 17,342 17,404
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,245 15,404 15,246 15,226 15,425 15,383 15,513 15,342 15,233
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,679 18,240 18,276 17,628 17,795 17,948 17,934 18,091 18,190
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,536 45,118 45,097 46,443 45,388 45,199 45,327 45,078 45,034
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,179 38,086 37,827 37,156 37,119 37,413 37,963 37,901 37,779
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,009 9,996 9,939 – – – – – –
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,927 133,830 134,282 134,773 134,441 134,341 134,676 134,252 134,173
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,474 28,951 28,615 28,547 28,727 28,478 28,290 28,413 28,679
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,501 8,399 8,361 8,571 8,723 8,371 8,357 8,434 8,428
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,695 6,726 6,881 – – – – – –
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,154 9,548 9,646 10,008 9,812 9,597 9,458 9,582 9,525
1
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed people Unemployment rates
Characteristic (in thousands)
May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2026
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,248 7,373 7,307 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3
16 to 19 years.................................... . 864 910 919 13.4 13.6 14.9 13.7 14.4 14.7
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 384 391 14.6 16.3 16.3 14.2 16.6 17.4
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 539 537 12.8 12.2 13.8 13.4 13.4 13.3
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,384 6,463 6,388 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,285 1,181 1,129 8.2 7.0 7.4 6.4 7.6 7.2
25 years and over............................. . 5,060 5,274 5,252 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,890 4,086 4,112 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8
25 to 34 years............................ . 1,565 1,829 1,788 4.1 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7
35 to 44 years............................ . 1,252 1,183 1,325 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.5
45 to 54 years............................ . 1,072 1,074 999 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.0
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,192 1,179 1,157 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.0
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,915 3,929 3,966 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4
16 to 19 years.................................... . 520 491 523 15.8 17.4 15.4 16.4 15.6 16.6
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 215 198 17.6 20.6 17.1 17.1 20.3 18.5
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 273 318 14.5 15.5 14.3 16.0 13.0 15.3
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,395 3,438 3,443 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.0 4.0
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 656 672 8.8 7.1 8.3 6.7 8.2 8.2
25 years and over............................. . 2,654 2,794 2,769 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.6
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,019 2,133 2,096 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7
25 to 34 years............................ . 854 980 932 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.6
35 to 44 years............................ . 614 678 695 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.5
45 to 54 years............................ . 551 475 469 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 661 672 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.3
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,333 3,444 3,341 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1
16 to 19 years.................................... . 344 418 396 10.9 10.0 14.4 11.1 13.2 12.7
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 170 193 11.5 11.8 15.6 11.9 13.5 16.5
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 266 219 11.1 9.0 13.2 10.8 13.8 11.2
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,989 3,026 2,945 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 525 456 7.6 7.0 6.5 6.2 6.9 6.2
25 years and over............................. . 2,406 2,480 2,484 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.5
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,870 1,954 2,016 3.6 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.9
25 to 34 years............................ . 711 849 856 4.0 5.3 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.8
35 to 44 years............................ . 638 505 630 3.6 3.1 3.6 3.4 2.8 3.5
45 to 54 years............................ . 521 599 530 3.3 3.4 4.0 3.3 3.8 3.4
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 514 475 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.4 2.8 2.5
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,083 933 1,041 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.3
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982 975 966 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.5
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 443 493 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.0 4.2 4.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,898 5,996 5,897 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.2
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,320 1,378 1,418 4.4 4.8 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.7
1
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
people in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Reason May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2026
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,094 3,281 2,997 3,459 3,495 3,620 3,403 3,511 3,385
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 750 478 879 839 925 877 917 778
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,492 2,531 2,519 2,580 2,657 2,694 2,526 2,595 2,606
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,890 1,900 1,902 1,913 2,008 2,037 1,881 1,909 1,927
People who completed temporary jobs. . . . . 602 631 616 666 649 658 645 686 680
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652 800 847 706 1,038 867 898 844 916
Reentrants........................................... . 2,355 2,019 2,259 2,291 2,168 2,320 2,254 2,282 2,209
New entrants........................................ . 713 668 801 734 796 805 714 805 818
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.4 48.5 43.4 48.1 46.6 47.6 46.8 47.2 46.2
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 11.1 6.9 12.2 11.2 12.2 12.1 12.3 10.6
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.6 37.4 36.5 35.9 35.4 35.4 34.7 34.9 35.6
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 11.8 12.3 9.8 13.8 11.4 12.4 11.3 12.5
Reentrants........................................... . 34.6 29.8 32.7 31.9 28.9 30.5 31.0 30.7 30.2
New entrants........................................ . 10.5 9.9 11.6 10.2 10.6 10.6 9.8 10.8 11.2
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Reentrants........................................... . 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3
New entrants........................................ . 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Duration May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2026
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,431 2,118 2,179 2,456 2,166 2,319 2,138 2,496 2,210
5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 1,821 1,561 1,603 2,203 2,151 2,078 1,998 1,859 1,946
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,563 3,088 3,121 2,506 3,015 3,105 3,033 2,890 3,065
15 to 26 weeks................................... . 1,122 1,234 1,157 1,042 1,202 1,206 1,212 1,057 1,077
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,441 1,854 1,964 1,464 1,813 1,899 1,821 1,833 1,988
Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.6 26.2 26.8 21.9 23.7 25.7 25.3 24.4 26.0
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 12.7 11.8 9.5 11.0 11.1 11.5 11.0 11.6
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.7 31.3 31.6 34.3 29.5 30.9 29.8 34.4 30.6
5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 26.7 23.1 23.2 30.7 29.3 27.7 27.9 25.7 27.0
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.6 45.6 45.2 35.0 41.1 41.4 42.3 39.9 42.4
15 to 26 weeks................................... . 16.5 18.2 16.8 14.5 16.4 16.1 16.9 14.6 14.9
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 27.4 28.4 20.4 24.7 25.3 25.4 25.3 27.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed
rates
Occupation
May May May May May May
2025 2026 2025 2026 2025 2026
Total, 16 years and over1............................................ . 163,401 162,897 6,815 6,904 4.0 4.1
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 70,912 71,111 1,719 1,810 2.4 2.5
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... . 30,819 30,386 819 725 2.6 2.3
Professional and related occupations......................... . 40,093 40,725 900 1,085 2.2 2.6
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,682 27,243 1,407 1,420 4.8 5.0
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,267 30,640 1,272 1,210 4.0 3.8
Sales and related occupations................................. . 14,152 14,306 662 554 4.5 3.7
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,115 16,335 611 656 3.7 3.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... . 14,851 13,871 587 608 3.8 4.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,010 1,058 72 74 6.6 6.5
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,833 7,939 342 391 3.7 4.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 5,008 4,874 173 143 3.3 2.9
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... . 19,689 20,032 1,113 1,017 5.4 4.8
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,947 7,912 385 299 4.6 3.6
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 11,742 12,120 728 718 5.8 5.6
1
People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
people rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
May May May May
2025 2026 2025 2026
Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... . 6,815 6,904 4.0 4.1
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,228 5,176 3.9 3.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... . 23 11 4.2 1.8
Construction......................................................................... . 373 426 3.5 4.1
Manufacturing....................................................................... . 547 458 3.6 3.1
Durable goods.................................................................... . 356 232 3.6 2.3
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 225 3.7 4.6
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,005 820 5.1 4.2
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 285 3.9 3.4
Information........................................................................... . 143 130 5.5 4.9
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 239 2.7 2.2
Professional and business services.............................................. . 673 738 3.4 3.7
Education and health services.................................................... . 750 957 2.7 3.5
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 798 6.4 5.8
Other services....................................................................... . 221 315 3.2 4.5
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 85 6.6 5.0
Government workers.................................................................. . 455 530 2.0 2.4
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 322 311 3.1 3.1
1
People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Data for
2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Measure May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026 2025 2026 2026 2026 2026 2026
U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8
U-2 Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other people marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all people
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all people marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... . 7.4 7.7 7.7 7.8 8.1 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.1
NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total Men Women
Category May May May May May May
2025 2026 2025 2026 2025 2026
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,169 105,253 43,102 43,696 60,067 61,558
People who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,567 6,756 3,148 3,268 3,419 3,488
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500 1,637 782 817 718 820
Discouraged workers2........................................ . 352 449 197 241 155 208
Other people marginally attached to the labor force3. . . . . 1,148 1,188 585 576 563 612
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ . 8,501 8,361 4,152 3,915 4,350 4,446
Percent of total employed......................................... . 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.6 5.7 5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,678 4,776 2,500 2,441 2,177 2,335
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,344 2,142 842 696 1,503 1,446
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... . 404 368 271 202 133 165
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980 1,044 499 565 481 479
1
Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May from:
2025 2026 2026p 2026p 2025 2026 2026p 2026p Apr.2026 -
May2026p
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,032 157,751 158,726 159,467 158,498 158,650 158,829 159,001 172
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,216 134,107 135,076 135,838 134,937 135,317 135,494 135,614 120
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,586 21,236 21,403 21,591 21,538 21,513 21,527 21,555 28
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 598 605 612 618 604 609 613 4
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 37.3 36.6 37.3 41.4 37.8 39.2 38.7 -0.5
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . 577.7 560.6 568.6 575.1 576.9 566.1 569.9 574.7 4.8
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.3 115.6 114.1 115.1 118.6 115.9 115.5 115.6 0.1
Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191.2 183.5 188.8 192.5 189.3 187.3 188.8 190.4 1.6
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3 38.2 39.0 38.8 40.0 38.4 38.7 38.7 0.0
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.9 45.6 45.9 46.1 44.9 45.7 46.2 46.2 0.0
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.0 99.7 103.9 107.6 104.4 103.2 103.9 105.5 1.6
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.2 261.5 265.7 267.5 269.0 262.9 265.6 268.7 3.1
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,326 8,086 8,248 8,384 8,269 8,311 8,320 8,337 17
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,862.8 1,833.6 1,851.9 1,871.6 1,858.9 1,864.9 1,868.9 1,868.9 0.0
Residential building construction. . . . . . . . . . . . 935.9 910.9 917.2 927.0 932.9 927.0 926.4 924.7 -1.7
Nonresidential building construction. . . . . . . . . 926.9 922.7 934.7 944.6 926.0 937.9 942.5 944.2 1.7
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,209.0 1,145.4 1,200.8 1,233.5 1,180.6 1,202.0 1,203.9 1,206.5 2.6
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,254.4 5,107.3 5,195.6 5,279.1 5,229.1 5,244.3 5,247.4 5,261.4 14.0
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,400.6 2,299.9 2,337.2 2,370.4 2,386.7 2,362.4 2,359.0 2,361.6 2.6
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,853.8 2,807.4 2,858.4 2,908.7 2,842.4 2,881.9 2,888.4 2,899.8 11.4
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,642 12,552 12,550 12,595 12,651 12,598 12,598 12,605 7
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,842 7,802 7,803 7,843 7,845 7,824 7,826 7,843 17
Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408.4 391.3 391.7 391.8 407.9 392.5 392.1 390.2 -1.9
Nonmetallic mineral product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.8 413.8 418.1 422.9 417.1 419.8 420.0 420.8 0.8
Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.2 363.5 364.7 366.7 364.7 363.9 365.6 366.7 1.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing. . . . 1,435.4 1,441.3 1,442.8 1,451.4 1,434.8 1,443.6 1,445.6 1,452.3 6.7
Machinery manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,090.7 1,084.9 1,079.8 1,084.8 1,090.8 1,085.8 1,084.2 1,085.3 1.1
Computer and electronic product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998.4 985.7 988.8 992.0 1,000.7 989.5 992.4 993.3 0.9
Computer and peripheral equipment
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.2 99.1 99.9 100.4 99.8 99.8 100.3 100.7 0.4
Communications equipment
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.4 80.6 81.9 82.4 79.2 80.7 82.2 82.3 0.1
Semiconductor and other electronic
component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.4 367.4 367.6 368.5 382.8 368.7 369.2 368.5 -0.7
Navigational, measuring, electromedical,
and control instruments
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408.9 411.5 413.0 414.4 410.3 412.7 413.8 415.0 1.2
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic
and optical media and audio and video
equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.5 27.1 26.4 26.3 28.6 27.6 26.9 26.8 -0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and
component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428.0 435.4 436.5 437.0 428.9 435.4 436.9 438.2 1.3
Transportation equipment manufacturing1. . . 1,743.3 1,746.0 1,740.7 1,749.8 1,747.0 1,750.6 1,745.9 1,750.8 4.9
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974.8 958.9 953.5 960.5 974.3 959.1 954.5 958.1 3.6
Furniture and related product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339.0 333.0 331.3 333.1 338.9 333.8 332.9 331.9 -1.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615.1 607.5 608.6 613.1 613.7 608.9 610.7 613.7 3.0
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,800 4,750 4,747 4,752 4,806 4,774 4,772 4,762 -10
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,774.9 1,766.4 1,762.8 1,762.9 1,785.6 1,778.3 1,779.9 1,776.3 -3.6
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.0 79.0 78.4 78.3 82.0 79.2 78.9 78.4 -0.5
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.8 94.2 93.6 93.2 93.7 93.9 93.8 93.1 -0.7
Apparel manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.1 73.6 71.9 72.5 79.6 74.4 73.2 72.8 -0.4
Paper manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.3 357.9 357.3 355.8 354.1 357.5 356.6 356.4 -0.2
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 345.3 340.9 339.0 342.3 344.7 341.0 340.6 341.0 0.4
Petroleum and coal products
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.2 107.2 109.0 111.2 108.7 109.2 109.3 109.9 0.6
Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899.6 894.0 895.2 896.6 899.3 894.6 896.5 897.7 1.2
Plastics and rubber products
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707.7 696.4 696.0 691.1 706.5 696.4 695.8 689.7 -6.1
See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May from:
2025 2026 2026p 2026p 2025 2026 2026p 2026p Apr.2026 -
May2026p
Nondurable goods - Continued
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied
product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.3 340.6 343.3 347.6 352.0 349.6 347.4 346.5 -0.9
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,630 112,871 113,673 114,247 113,399 113,804 113,967 114,059 92
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,631 28,404 28,477 28,595 28,765 28,650 28,712 28,709 -3
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,074.1 6,032.1 6,037.3 6,048.3 6,067.7 6,051.3 6,049.5 6,045.8 -3.7
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . . 3,407.0 3,392.4 3,392.0 3,394.6 3,406.2 3,399.3 3,396.2 3,393.5 -2.7
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . . 2,220.7 2,200.3 2,205.2 2,216.7 2,213.4 2,210.6 2,211.2 2,213.9 2.7
Wholesale trade agents and brokers. . . . . . . . 446.4 439.4 440.1 437.0 448.1 441.4 442.1 438.4 -3.7
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,373.4 15,281.1 15,343.9 15,416.6 15,440.0 15,435.5 15,459.0 15,457.9 -1.1
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,056.2 2,038.7 2,043.0 2,049.3 2,052.2 2,045.7 2,045.8 2,044.5 -1.3
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,292.9 1,287.7 1,285.1 1,285.7 1,292.3 1,289.2 1,287.5 1,285.4 -2.1
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.0 155.5 160.1 165.5 159.3 158.5 160.3 160.9 0.6
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire
retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599.3 595.5 597.8 598.1 600.6 598.0 598.0 598.2 0.2
Building material and garden equipment
and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,435.3 1,342.9 1,402.3 1,426.8 1,379.5 1,351.5 1,362.5 1,368.1 5.6
Food and beverage retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,242.7 3,241.8 3,238.2 3,241.7 3,257.2 3,259.4 3,257.5 3,254.5 -3.0
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics,
and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761.2 751.7 748.1 744.1 776.7 758.2 758.1 756.5 -1.6
Furniture and home furnishings retailers.. . 392.1 388.2 385.1 382.3 397.7 388.4 388.9 387.8 -1.1
Electronics and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . 369.1 363.5 363.0 361.8 379.0 369.8 369.2 368.7 -0.5
General merchandise retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,195.0 3,190.6 3,195.1 3,198.9 3,238.1 3,238.9 3,254.4 3,246.2 -8.2
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904.0 917.1 908.3 910.8 933.2 938.4 935.4 936.9 1.5
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and
other general merchandise retailers. . . . 2,291.0 2,273.5 2,286.8 2,288.1 2,304.9 2,300.5 2,319.0 2,309.3 -9.7
Health and personal care retailers. . . . . . . . . . . 1,045.7 1,045.6 1,044.5 1,043.9 1,058.7 1,048.7 1,048.2 1,050.4 2.2
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers. . . . . . . . . . 1,044.0 1,049.0 1,050.5 1,059.3 1,045.7 1,059.5 1,056.1 1,060.5 4.4
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and
jewelry retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,111.7 1,118.4 1,108.7 1,119.0 1,139.9 1,145.7 1,144.1 1,141.6 -2.5
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument,
book, and miscellaneous retailers. . . . . . . . . 1,481.6 1,502.4 1,513.5 1,533.6 1,492.0 1,527.9 1,532.3 1,535.6 3.3
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,582.1 6,485.9 6,491.4 6,522.7 6,655.5 6,557.6 6,596.9 6,597.5 0.6
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574.0 576.1 575.6 569.6 573.4 575.9 575.8 567.1 -8.7
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.8 150.0 150.1 150.1 155.4 149.9 149.4 149.6 0.2
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.8 69.3 69.8 70.2 70.2 71.3 70.6 69.3 -1.3
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,487.0 1,442.0 1,457.3 1,463.7 1,487.7 1,464.3 1,469.2 1,464.8 -4.4
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506.0 503.9 500.1 511.6 489.8 490.8 486.5 495.9 9.4
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 56.0 56.0 55.9 56.0 55.9 55.8 56.0 0.2
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 37.2 25.7 26.7 36.4 34.1 33.4 32.2 32.4 0.2
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 832.7 820.9 821.0 817.9 833.8 823.8 823.9 821.1 -2.8
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,010.4 1,022.3 1,022.5 1,029.6 1,079.8 1,059.8 1,097.5 1,098.9 1.4
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,850.9 1,819.7 1,812.3 1,817.7 1,875.3 1,832.5 1,836.0 1,842.4 6.4
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601.6 604.8 604.2 607.1 601.7 605.8 606.8 608.2 1.4
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,863 2,776 2,777 2,776 2,864 2,793 2,785 2,783 -2
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361.5 328.6 326.7 334.5 354.9 336.6 330.9 328.2 -2.7
Publishing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902.4 896.4 896.1 894.7 906.6 900.3 900.2 900.1 -0.1
Broadcasting and content providers. . . . . . . . . . . 342.1 333.8 339.0 331.7 342.2 335.0 337.2 333.2 -4.0
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597.7 576.0 574.2 571.3 598.4 577.2 574.7 574.3 -0.4
Computing infrastructure providers, data
processing, web hosting, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480.0 462.4 463.3 465.4 481.2 464.0 462.4 466.1 3.7
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and
other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.7 178.8 177.5 178.8 181.1 179.4 179.7 180.6 0.9
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,186 9,077 9,088 9,079 9,211 9,132 9,126 9,104 -22
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,722.5 6,669.5 6,665.8 6,643.0 6,744.9 6,688.0 6,683.2 6,663.0 -20.2
Monetary authorities-central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 19.8 18.6 18.6 18.5 19.9 18.8 18.7 18.6 -0.1
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,564.6 2,534.8 2,536.1 2,528.8 2,566.8 2,537.3 2,536.5 2,531.7 -4.8
See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May from:
2025 2026 2026p 2026p 2025 2026 2026p 2026p Apr.2026 -
May2026p
Credit intermediation and related -
Continued
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,778.4 1,772.6 1,771.4 1,766.4 1,782.1 1,773.6 1,773.6 1,770.4 -3.2
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,369.8 1,356.9 1,354.4 1,349.9 1,372.4 1,356.9 1,357.3 1,354.7 -2.6
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 505.1 492.8 493.2 489.5 504.6 493.8 491.9 488.9 -3.0
Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 281.1 269.4 271.5 272.9 280.1 269.9 271.0 272.4 1.4
Securities, commodity contracts, funds,
trusts, and other financial vehicles,
investments, and related activities. . . . . . . . 1,126.7 1,156.8 1,161.4 1,156.9 1,137.4 1,165.5 1,169.4 1,164.8 -4.6
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 3,011.4 2,959.3 2,949.7 2,938.8 3,020.8 2,966.4 2,958.6 2,947.9 -10.7
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,463.6 2,407.2 2,422.1 2,436.2 2,465.9 2,443.7 2,442.5 2,440.9 -1.6
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,857.1 1,829.4 1,840.6 1,841.8 1,860.5 1,850.6 1,851.1 1,848.6 -2.5
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584.6 556.6 560.3 573.2 583.5 571.7 570.0 571.1 1.1
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
(except copyrighted works). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.9 21.4 21.4 21.2 -0.2
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,493 22,211 22,482 22,532 22,450 22,440 22,462 22,468 6
Professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,749.5 10,778.7 10,852.9 10,769.0 10,783.8 10,795.6 10,811.9 10,813.5 1.6
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,212.9 1,224.4 1,227.9 1,231.1 1,218.2 1,234.1 1,236.0 1,237.2 1.2
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping,
and payroll services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,113.1 1,194.0 1,187.0 1,092.7 1,127.5 1,120.9 1,119.8 1,114.4 -5.4
Architectural, engineering, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,719.2 1,735.9 1,753.7 1,759.1 1,723.0 1,758.2 1,762.4 1,764.1 1.7
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.2 148.5 148.4 148.0 147.7 150.3 149.3 148.6 -0.7
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,408.1 2,343.7 2,374.0 2,373.4 2,410.3 2,369.6 2,372.2 2,373.9 1.7
Management, scientific, and technical
consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,859.4 1,860.7 1,877.1 1,871.8 1,864.3 1,875.2 1,879.7 1,876.2 -3.5
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.9 905.6 913.5 915.0 927.9 910.7 915.0 915.9 0.9
Advertising, public relations, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480.9 477.5 479.3 481.4 480.9 480.5 481.6 483.3 1.7
Other professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882.8 888.4 892.0 896.5 884.0 896.1 895.9 899.9 4.0
Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,617.3 2,606.8 2,602.0 2,605.1 2,625.2 2,616.2 2,611.4 2,614.3 2.9
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services. . . . . 9,126.6 8,825.1 9,027.0 9,158.3 9,040.8 9,028.6 9,038.6 9,040.0 1.4
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,606.9 8,306.4 8,503.3 8,630.4 8,519.7 8,503.6 8,512.1 8,512.3 0.2
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 620.8 623.2 629.6 632.9 623.3 626.6 631.2 632.2 1.0
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.6 184.0 182.8 181.2 179.6 184.3 182.9 183.2 0.3
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,221.7 3,125.8 3,166.7 3,237.5 3,208.5 3,180.5 3,187.5 3,191.1 3.6
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,525.2 2,434.3 2,473.9 2,531.4 2,513.1 2,479.9 2,488.6 2,490.0 1.4
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652.7 627.5 628.7 620.8 658.9 630.1 627.9 625.6 -2.3
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.4 181.8 183.5 184.5 187.5 183.4 183.2 184.0 0.8
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 1,045.2 1,038.9 1,054.0 1,050.0 1,043.5 1,046.5 1,053.4 1,051.1 -2.3
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,367.5 2,192.7 2,321.4 2,385.1 2,292.2 2,316.9 2,311.4 2,309.3 -2.1
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331.0 332.5 336.6 338.4 326.3 335.3 334.6 335.8 1.2
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519.7 518.7 523.7 527.9 521.1 525.0 526.5 527.7 1.2
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 27,274 27,888 27,983 27,903 27,276 27,792 27,846 27,886 40
Private educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,085.9 4,176.2 4,195.8 4,062.1 4,058.7 4,035.6 4,030.9 4,024.3 -6.6
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,188.4 23,712.2 23,787.1 23,841.1 23,217.0 23,756.7 23,814.7 23,861.9 47.2
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,982.6 18,369.1 18,419.3 18,441.4 18,028.8 18,411.1 18,451.7 18,486.9 35.2
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 8,962.2 9,158.5 9,196.1 9,213.1 8,973.5 9,184.6 9,207.6 9,233.3 25.7
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,994.7 3,039.0 3,044.4 3,049.1 3,000.3 3,049.8 3,053.2 3,057.9 4.7
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,044.6 1,054.2 1,058.7 1,061.9 1,047.3 1,059.8 1,061.7 1,063.3 1.6
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 1,307.5 1,331.7 1,348.9 1,342.9 1,305.6 1,337.0 1,342.6 1,345.3 2.7
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,175.0 1,195.7 1,191.6 1,191.9 1,178.1 1,195.4 1,194.7 1,195.8 1.1
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 306.1 308.3 311.0 311.4 306.5 309.0 310.1 311.9 1.8
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,773.6 1,854.2 1,867.1 1,877.7 1,773.8 1,858.5 1,870.3 1,881.2 10.9
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.7 375.4 374.4 378.2 362.0 375.1 375.0 377.9 2.9
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,617.2 5,749.4 5,747.8 5,745.2 5,642.5 5,755.3 5,757.5 5,763.5 6.0
See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Change
Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May from:
2025 2026 2026p 2026p 2025 2026 2026p 2026p Apr.2026 -
May2026p
Health care - Continued
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,403.2 3,461.2 3,475.4 3,483.1 3,412.8 3,471.2 3,486.6 3,490.1 3.5
Skilled nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,540.6 1,572.7 1,576.4 1,579.3 1,547.9 1,578.5 1,585.2 1,585.1 -0.1
Residential intellectual and
developmental disability, mental
health, and substance abuse
facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687.8 703.6 707.0 706.0 688.3 704.8 707.1 705.7 -1.4
Continuing care retirement
communities and assisted living
facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004.1 1,013.2 1,019.0 1,023.4 1,005.6 1,015.5 1,020.6 1,024.7 4.1
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 170.7 171.7 173.0 174.4 171.0 172.4 173.7 174.6 0.9
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,205.8 5,343.1 5,367.8 5,399.7 5,188.2 5,345.6 5,363.0 5,375.0 12.0
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,568.2 3,723.7 3,753.2 3,769.3 3,571.7 3,733.5 3,756.9 3,766.5 9.6
Community food and housing, and
emergency and other relief services. . . . 235.9 238.4 235.2 236.7 235.9 238.0 235.6 236.5 0.9
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 285.1 279.2 275.1 278.7 283.8 279.9 277.0 279.4 2.4
Child care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,116.6 1,101.8 1,104.3 1,115.0 1,096.8 1,094.2 1,093.5 1,092.6 -0.9
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,162 16,533 16,843 17,309 16,839 16,979 17,009 17,079 70
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,772.7 2,511.2 2,607.1 2,782.7 2,680.8 2,687.4 2,689.1 2,700.8 11.7
Performing arts, spectator sports, and
related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623.9 574.8 605.2 627.1 594.4 605.4 602.1 608.8 6.7
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.6 173.9 179.7 185.8 178.7 181.9 182.5 183.2 0.7
Amusement, gambling, and recreation
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,966.2 1,762.5 1,822.2 1,969.8 1,907.7 1,900.1 1,904.5 1,908.8 4.3
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 14,389.1 14,021.6 14,236.2 14,526.5 14,158.0 14,291.6 14,319.6 14,378.2 58.6
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,958.4 1,863.4 1,875.9 1,936.2 1,940.5 1,936.4 1,929.7 1,940.3 10.6
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 12,430.7 12,158.2 12,360.3 12,590.3 12,217.5 12,355.2 12,389.9 12,437.9 48.0
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,021 5,982 6,023 6,053 5,994 6,018 6,027 6,030 3
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,481.7 1,469.4 1,476.7 1,479.7 1,471.8 1,472.5 1,471.2 1,471.2 0.0
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,608.2 1,585.7 1,609.9 1,624.5 1,595.9 1,601.3 1,610.4 1,614.0 3.6
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional,
and similar organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,930.9 2,926.8 2,936.6 2,948.8 2,925.9 2,944.4 2,945.6 2,944.5 -1.1
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,816 23,644 23,650 23,629 23,561 23,333 23,335 23,387 52
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,948 2,674 2,672 2,679 2,952 2,682 2,676 2,677 1
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,357.7 2,072.7 2,072.3 2,078.0 2,360.2 2,082.7 2,078.6 2,076.0 -2.6
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590.1 601.5 600.0 600.6 592.2 599.0 597.8 600.7 2.9
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,508 5,617 5,631 5,463 5,515 5,469 5,471 5,467 -4
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,629.5 2,757.8 2,766.5 2,587.7 2,636.3 2,599.7 2,599.2 2,588.4 -10.8
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,878.2 2,859.6 2,864.8 2,875.2 2,878.4 2,869.7 2,871.7 2,878.1 6.4
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,360 15,353 15,347 15,487 15,094 15,182 15,188 15,243 55
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,472.2 8,517.3 8,481.9 8,507.3 8,207.9 8,240.5 8,238.1 8,250.2 12.1
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,887.9 6,835.8 6,865.0 6,979.5 6,886.5 6,941.3 6,949.7 6,993.2 43.5
1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2
Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
May Mar. Apr. May
Industry 2025 2026 2026p 2026p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ . 34.2 34.2 34.3 34.3
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.8 40.0 40.1 40.1
Mining and logging............................................................... . 44.9 45.7 45.5 45.6
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 39.2 39.3 39.2
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.1 40.3 40.4 40.4
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 40.6 40.8 40.8
Nondurable goods............................................................. . 39.2 39.7 39.8 39.8
Private service-providing........................................................... . 33.2 33.1 33.2 33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.0 34.1 34.1 34.2
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 39.2 39.2 39.2
Retail trade..................................................................... . 29.7 30.0 30.1 30.1
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.4 38.3 38.2 38.4
Utilities.......................................................................... . 42.1 42.8 42.4 42.2
Information........................................................................ . 37.1 37.5 37.3 38.0
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.6 37.4 37.4 37.4
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.5 36.6 36.6 36.7
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 32.4 32.6 32.7
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.6 25.3 25.5 25.4
Other services.................................................................... . 31.9 32.2 32.2 32.1
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... . 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1
Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026p 2026p 2025 2026 2026p 2026p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $36.28 $37.35 $37.41 $37.53 $1,240.78 $1,277.37 $1,283.16 $1,287.28
Goods-producing...................................... . 37.03 38.34 38.46 38.57 1,473.79 1,533.60 1,542.25 1,546.66
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.20 41.12 41.35 41.62 1,804.98 1,879.18 1,881.43 1,897.87
Construction......................................... . 39.47 40.92 41.01 41.20 1,539.33 1,604.06 1,611.69 1,615.04
Manufacturing....................................... . 35.31 36.53 36.66 36.71 1,415.93 1,472.16 1,481.06 1,483.08
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.49 38.81 38.94 38.98 1,522.09 1,575.69 1,588.75 1,590.38
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.63 32.71 32.84 32.88 1,239.90 1,298.59 1,307.03 1,308.62
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.11 37.12 37.17 37.30 1,198.85 1,228.67 1,234.04 1,238.36
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . 30.82 31.82 31.85 31.92 1,047.88 1,085.06 1,086.09 1,091.66
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.63 39.74 39.85 39.97 1,510.43 1,557.81 1,562.12 1,566.82
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.30 26.19 26.19 26.23 751.41 785.70 788.32 789.52
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.37 32.35 32.38 32.48 1,204.61 1,239.01 1,236.92 1,247.23
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.86 54.86 55.11 55.29 2,183.31 2,348.01 2,336.66 2,333.24
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.32 54.64 54.87 55.35 1,941.07 2,049.00 2,046.65 2,103.30
Financial activities.................................. . 47.45 48.89 48.96 49.22 1,784.12 1,828.49 1,831.10 1,840.83
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.00 45.28 45.42 45.58 1,606.00 1,657.25 1,662.37 1,672.79
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . 35.50 36.18 36.23 36.29 1,160.85 1,172.23 1,181.10 1,186.68
Leisure and hospitality............................. . 22.68 23.47 23.52 23.58 580.61 593.79 599.76 598.93
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.86 33.68 33.77 33.88 1,048.23 1,084.50 1,087.39 1,087.55
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2
Percent Percent
change change
Industry May Mar. Apr. from: from:
May Apr. May Mar. Apr. May Apr.
2025 2026 2026p 2026p 2026 - 2025 2026 2026p 2026p 2026 -
May May
2026p 2026p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.8 116.2 116.7 116.8 0.1 200.9 207.5 208.7 209.5 0.4
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.7 98.1 98.4 98.5 0.1 163.5 169.9 171.0 171.7 0.4
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.2 86.7 87.1 87.8 0.8 140.7 143.2 144.6 146.8 1.5
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.2 112.3 112.7 112.7 0.0 190.6 199.7 200.8 201.7 0.4
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3 91.4 91.6 91.7 0.1 150.0 155.3 156.2 156.5 0.2
Durable goods.......................... . 89.7 89.5 89.9 90.1 0.2 149.4 154.2 155.6 156.1 0.3
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.0 94.6 94.8 94.6 -0.2 150.9 157.0 158.0 157.8 -0.1
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.2 121.3 121.8 121.9 0.1 212.7 218.8 220.0 221.0 0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 106.9 106.7 107.0 107.3 0.3 177.6 183.2 183.7 184.7 0.5
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.7 104.6 104.6 104.5 -0.1 169.1 173.9 174.4 174.8 0.2
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.3 94.2 94.7 94.7 0.0 156.1 163.2 164.0 164.2 0.1
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 146.8 144.3 144.8 145.6 0.6 234.4 237.5 238.5 240.5 0.8
Utilities................................... . 109.6 112.2 111.4 111.1 -0.3 187.8 203.4 202.7 202.9 0.1
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.1 95.7 94.9 96.6 1.8 180.8 186.1 185.4 190.4 2.7
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.5 111.9 111.8 111.5 -0.3 210.0 213.4 213.5 214.1 0.3
Professional and business services. . . . . 128.2 128.4 128.6 129.0 0.3 228.4 235.6 236.5 238.1 0.7
Private education and health services.. . 145.7 147.1 148.3 148.9 0.4 248.8 256.0 258.4 260.0 0.6
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.0 122.6 123.8 123.8 0.0 225.1 232.1 234.8 235.5 0.3
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.2 111.7 111.9 111.6 -0.3 198.6 206.2 207.1 207.2 0.0
1
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026p 2026p 2025 2026 2026p 2026p
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,177 79,364 79,461 79,566 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,399 65,693 65,786 65,879 48.5 48.5 48.6 48.6
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,918 4,892 4,888 4,887 22.8 22.7 22.7 22.7
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 82 82 81 13.9 13.6 13.5 13.2
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,190 1,191 1,192 1,197 14.4 14.3 14.3 14.4
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,642 3,619 3,614 3,609 28.8 28.7 28.7 28.6
Durable goods................................. . 1,920 1,900 1,897 1,893 24.5 24.3 24.2 24.1
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,722 1,719 1,717 1,716 35.8 36.0 36.0 36.0
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,481 60,801 60,898 60,992 53.3 53.4 53.4 53.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,150 11,102 11,120 11,136 38.8 38.8 38.7 38.8
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,847.6 1,831.1 1,835.3 1,834.2 30.4 30.3 30.3 30.3
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,388.6 7,409.4 7,419.5 7,431.8 47.9 48.0 48.0 48.1
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,757.5 1,705.6 1,709.2 1,714.9 26.4 26.0 25.9 26.0
Utilities.......................................... . 156.1 155.4 155.7 155.5 25.9 25.7 25.7 25.6
Information........................................ . 1,148 1,131 1,128 1,118 40.1 40.5 40.5 40.2
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,064 4,976 4,963 4,951 55.0 54.5 54.4 54.4
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,170 10,153 10,176 10,180 45.3 45.2 45.3 45.3
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . 20,897 21,287 21,329 21,363 76.6 76.6 76.6 76.6
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,818 8,902 8,927 8,984 52.4 52.4 52.5 52.6
Other services.................................... . 3,234 3,250 3,255 3,260 54.0 54.0 54.0 54.1
Government............................................ . 13,778 13,671 13,675 13,687 58.5 58.6 58.6 58.5
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
May Mar. Apr. May
Industry 2026p
2025 2026 2026p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,984 110,423 110,642 110,835
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,289 15,258 15,272 15,281
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 451 456 461
Construction......................................................................... . 6,013 6,045 6,051 6,052
Manufacturing....................................................................... . 8,817 8,762 8,765 8,768
Durable goods.................................................................... . 5,307 5,290 5,295 5,313
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,510 3,472 3,470 3,455
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,695 95,165 95,370 95,554
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... . 24,385 24,337 24,396 24,396
Wholesale trade.................................................................. . 4,808.5 4,769.4 4,781.4 4,779.2
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,264.3 13,327.5 13,352.5 13,366.3
Transportation and warehousing............................................... . 5,836.9 5,758.8 5,779.1 5,767.4
Utilities............................................................................. . 475.5 481.6 482.5 483.5
Information........................................................................... . 2,288 2,224 2,222 2,218
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,974 6,928 6,920 6,906
Professional and business services.............................................. . 17,606 17,639 17,680 17,693
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,890 24,367 24,416 24,451
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,683 14,779 14,841 14,994
Other services....................................................................... . 4,869 4,891 4,895 4,896
1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
May Mar. Apr. May
Industry 2025 2026 2026p 2026p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ . 33.6 33.8 33.8 33.8
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 41.1 41.2 41.2
Mining and logging............................................................... . 44.7 47.0 46.9 47.2
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 40.1 40.2 40.1
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.0 41.5 41.6 41.6
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 41.8 41.9 42.0
Nondurable goods............................................................. . 40.7 41.0 41.2 41.0
Private service-providing........................................................... . 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 34.4 34.4 34.4
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.1 39.3 39.4 39.4
Retail trade..................................................................... . 30.3 30.6 30.6 30.6
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.1 38.2 38.2 38.3
Utilities.......................................................................... . 42.5 43.2 42.7 42.4
Information........................................................................ . 35.9 35.9 35.8 35.8
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.3 37.2 37.3 37.2
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 36.6 36.7 36.8
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.8
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 24.2 24.2 24.1
Other services.................................................................... . 30.9 31.4 31.2 31.3
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... . 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0
Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0
1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May
2025 2026 2026p 2026p 2025 2026 2026p 2026p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $31.20 $32.12 $32.23 $32.31 $1,048.32 $1,085.66 $1,089.37 $1,092.08
Goods-producing...................................... . 32.34 33.59 33.73 33.87 1,316.24 1,380.55 1,389.68 1,395.44
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.32 38.19 38.59 38.63 1,668.20 1,794.93 1,809.87 1,823.34
Construction......................................... . 37.10 38.62 38.77 38.97 1,480.29 1,548.66 1,558.55 1,562.70
Manufacturing....................................... . 28.89 29.96 30.09 30.19 1,184.49 1,243.34 1,251.74 1,255.90
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.53 31.81 32.03 32.15 1,257.84 1,329.66 1,342.06 1,350.30
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.37 27.09 27.09 27.12 1,073.26 1,110.69 1,116.11 1,111.92
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.98 31.82 31.93 32.00 1,006.85 1,037.33 1,040.92 1,043.20
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . 26.68 27.57 27.62 27.67 909.79 948.41 950.13 951.85
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.06 33.11 33.25 33.28 1,253.55 1,301.22 1,310.05 1,311.23
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.45 22.11 22.18 22.24 649.94 676.57 678.71 680.54
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.86 31.05 30.99 31.04 1,137.67 1,186.11 1,183.82 1,188.83
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.60 47.98 48.04 48.05 1,938.00 2,072.74 2,051.31 2,037.32
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.84 44.83 45.31 45.47 1,537.96 1,609.40 1,622.10 1,627.83
Financial activities.................................. . 37.23 38.64 38.74 38.87 1,388.68 1,437.41 1,445.00 1,445.96
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.03 38.12 38.28 38.45 1,344.19 1,395.19 1,404.88 1,414.96
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . 32.69 33.09 33.21 33.22 1,036.27 1,048.95 1,052.76 1,056.40
Leisure and hospitality............................. . 20.08 20.85 20.90 20.96 483.93 504.57 505.78 505.14
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.74 29.40 29.50 29.56 888.07 923.16 920.40 925.23
1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3
Percent Percent
change change
Industry May Mar. Apr. from: from:
May Apr. May Mar. Apr. May Apr.
2025 2026 2026p 2026p 2026 - 2025 2026 2026p 2026p 2026 -
May May
2026p 2026p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.1 124.4 124.6 124.8 0.2 256.8 267.0 268.4 269.6 0.4
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.1 95.8 96.2 96.2 0.0 188.3 197.1 198.6 199.5 0.5
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.0 112.6 113.6 115.6 1.8 236.6 250.2 255.1 259.8 1.8
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.1 121.4 121.8 121.5 -0.2 240.7 253.1 255.0 255.7 0.3
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.0 83.5 83.7 83.7 0.0 156.8 163.5 164.7 165.3 0.4
Durable goods.......................... . 82.1 83.1 83.3 83.8 0.6 156.6 165.0 166.7 168.3 1.0
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.2 83.9 84.2 83.5 -0.8 156.8 160.6 161.2 159.9 -0.8
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.1 132.2 132.5 132.7 0.2 278.6 288.5 290.1 291.3 0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 116.4 117.2 117.5 117.5 0.0 221.9 230.9 231.9 232.3 0.2
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.6 111.2 111.8 111.8 0.0 211.1 217.4 219.4 219.5 0.0
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.9 103.4 103.6 103.7 0.1 187.4 196.0 197.0 197.8 0.4
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 168.3 166.5 167.1 167.2 0.1 319.9 329.0 329.6 330.3 0.2
Utilities................................... . 103.3 106.4 105.3 104.8 -0.5 196.7 213.0 211.2 210.2 -0.5
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.8 91.1 90.8 90.6 -0.2 198.8 202.3 203.7 204.0 0.1
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.4 121.3 121.5 120.9 -0.5 280.4 288.4 289.5 289.1 -0.1
Professional and business services. . . . . 142.7 144.1 144.8 145.3 0.3 314.2 326.8 329.8 332.4 0.8
Private education and health services.. . 161.5 164.7 165.0 165.8 0.5 348.4 359.7 361.7 363.5 0.5
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.6 131.0 131.6 132.4 0.6 295.6 310.2 312.2 315.1 0.9
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.5 107.7 107.1 107.5 0.4 221.0 230.7 230.2 231.5 0.6
1
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2025 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
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