House of Commons Library, Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme: statistics
Summary
This House of Commons Library briefing gives statistics for the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme, which ran from 1 March 2020 to 30 September 2021 and paid grants to employers to furlough employees at up to 80% of their wages. It reports that 11.7 million employee jobs were furloughed through the scheme at a cost of £70 billion, and that 1.16 million jobs, 4% of eligible jobs, were still on furlough when it ended. Furlough numbers peaked in June 2020, rose again in November and in January 2021 when national lockdowns were introduced, and fell steadily from March 2021. At the end, the highest furlough rates were in Other service activities (11%), Arts, entertainment and recreation (10%) and Accommodation and food services (9%). The briefing says many furloughed workers would have been made redundant without the scheme, citing 257,000 more payrolled employees in November than in October.
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Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme: statistics Documents to download The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme applied from 1 March 2020 and ended on 30 September 2021. The scheme provided grants to employers so they could retain and continue to pay staff during coronavirus related lockdowns, by furloughing employees at up to 80% of their wages. 11.7 million employee jobs were furloughed through the scheme, at a cost of £70 billion. At the end of the scheme, at 30 September 2021, 1.16 million jobs were on furlough, which was 4% of eligible jobs. 21% of employers had at least one member of staff on furlough. The number of furloughed jobs fell by 193,600 from the end of August to the end of September. Furlough levels largely rose and fell with changes in lockdown restrictions and changes to the CJRS scheme. The number of jobs furloughed peaked in June 2020, fell throughout the summer and then increased in November and again in January 2021 after national lockdowns were introduced. They then fell steadily from March 2021. Sectors Some sectors have been much more affected by the coronavirus pandemic, and this is reflected in furlough levels. At the end of the scheme, the three sectors with the highest furlough rates were the Other service activities, with 11% (55,900) of eligible jobs on furlough, the Arts, entertainment and recreation sector with 10% (48,000) and the Accommodation and food services sector, with 9% (159,400). All other sectors had rates of 7% or less. Age and gender At the end of the scheme, jobs held by those aged 65 and over were more likely to be furloughed than those held by younger workers, while the same proportion of jobs held by men and women were on furlough. Full and partial furlough From 1 July 2020, the furlough scheme was made more flexible so that furloughed employees could be brought back part-time. Over summer 2020, the number of partially furloughed jobs rose as fully furloughed jobs fell, as lockdown restrictions eased, and employees were more able to go to work some of the time. The announcement of the November lockdown caused a much sharper increase in full furlough, and this happened again when the January 2021 lockdown began. Impact on the labour market It is clear that many of the workers on furlough would have been made redundant if the scheme had not been in place, and that the CJRS has limited the impact of the pandemic on the labour market. There was an increase of 257,000 payrolled employees in November compared to October. This suggests that there won’t be a big increase in unemployment, despite the scheme ending. 88% of respondents to a Resolution Foundation survey who were on furlough in September 2021 were in work in the first half of October. Documents to download Related posts - The National Minimum Wage: Policy and developments The National Minimum Wage is the minimum hourly amount workers must be paid. Currently it differs between different 'age bands', although the Labour government has committed to removing them. - Household debt: Economic indicators Debt levels affect how much households spend. Find the latest data on UK household debt, mortgage rates and insolvencies. - ‘Good work’ and the Employment Rights Bill This briefing paper collates current policy discussions around ‘good work’ and how it can be measured and mapped over time, in the context of the Employment Rights Bill 2024-25.
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