Vita — Robert W. Fairlie, Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Cruz

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A vita of Robert W. Fairlie, Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Cruz, listing employment history, university positions, education, scientific memberships, awards, grants, publications and presentations. The employment history begins with Professor of Economics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, from 2007. The publications section lists books and selected journal articles, among them a 2020 article titled Early Evidence of the Impacts of COVID-19 on Minority Unemployment in the Journal of Public Economics. The text closes with lists of presentations by year.

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VITA
ROBERT W. FAIRLIE
Department of Economics Phone: (831) 459-3332
University of California rfairlie@ucsc.edu
Santa Cruz, CA 95064 http://people.ucsc.edu/~rfairlie

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
2007- Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Cruz
2019-21 Visiting Scholar, Stanford University
2016-17 Visiting Scholar, Stanford University
2011 Visiting Fellow, University of California, Berkeley
2007-08 Visiting Fellow, Australian National University
2003 Visiting Fellow, Yale University
2000-07 Associate Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Cruz
1994-00 Assistant Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Cruz
1987-89 Research Assistant, Lewin/ICF, San Francisco, California
University of California Positions
2020- UC Sacramento Center Faculty Council
2018- Board of Directors, Institute for Social Transformation
2018 Co-leader Academic Priority Area, University’s Strategic Academic Plan
2018 Director of M.S. Program in Applied Economics and Finance
2015- Board of Directors, Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurial Development
2013-16 Chair of Economics Department,
2013 Director of Ph.D. Program in Economics
2000-10 Director of M.S. Program in Applied Economics and Finance

EDUCATION
1994 Northwestern University, Ph.D. in Economics
1993 Northwestern University, M.A. in Economics
1987 Stanford University, B.A. in Economics, with honors

SCIENTIFIC MEMBERSHIPS
National Bureau of Economics Research (NBER)

CITATIONS/RANKINGS
Google Scholar Citations 14,380, h-index=56; REPEC Worldwide Rankings: overall top 2%;
entrepreneurship (#28); information technology (#11)

AWARDS
2014 California Assembly and Senate Joint Resolution #1066 from Assemblymember Luis A.
Alejo and Senator William W. Monning
2010 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Award for Race and Entrepreneurial Success:
Black-, Asian-, and White-Owned Businesses in the United States, (with Alicia Robb),
Cambridge: MIT Press.
1995 Dissertation Award Finalist, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research
1991-94 National Science Foundation Research Fellowship, Northwestern University
1989-90 University Fellowship, Northwestern University
1987 Anna Laura Myers Award for Honors Thesis, Stanford University

GRANTS
2020-04 MRPI, “California Policy Lab” (Co-PI)
2019-20 Stanford University Rural Education Action Program, “EdTech in China” $50,000
2018-21 Kauffman Foundation, “Indicators of Entrepreneurship” $200,000
2017-18 National Bureau of Economic Research "Job Creation among U.S. Entrepreneurs:
Evidence from the Universe of Startups in the ILBD/LBD Data"
2017 Kauffman Foundation, "Kauffman Index: Startup Activity and Main Street
Entrepreneurship"
2014-18 Chicano Latino Research Center Cluster Grant
2016 -17 U.S. Small Business Administration, "Latino Business Ownership:
Contributions and Barriers for U.S. Born and Immigrant Latino Entrepreneurs"
2016 Kauffman Foundation, "Kauffman Index: Startup Activity and Main Street
Entrepreneurship"
2015 Kauffman Foundation, "Kauffman Index: Startup Activity"
2015-16 Association for Enterprise Opportunity and Kellogg Foundation, "U.S. Born and
Immigrant Black Business in America "
2004-14 Kauffman Foundation, "Entrepreneurship in the United States - the Kauffman Index of
Entrepreneurial Activity," Annual Award
2012-13 U.S. Small Business Administration, "Crossing the Employer Threshold: Evidence on the
Determinants of Firms Hiring their First Employee from the Kauffman Firm Survey and
the GATE Experiment"
2012 New American Economy Research Fund, "The Economic Contributions of Immigrant
Entrepreneurs and Small Business Owners" .
2010-11 U.S. Small Business Administration, "Access to Capital among Immigrant Entrepreneurs
and Small Business Owners"
2010-11 RAND/Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurship and Policy, "Economic Conditions, the
Housing Market, and Entrepreneurship."
2010-11 UC MEXUS, "The Effects of Home Computers on the Educational Outcomes of Low-
Income Latino Children: A Proposal for a Randomized Field Experiment in California."
2011 The Networks, Electronic Commerce and Telecommunications ("NET") Institute, New
York University, " The Effects of Home Computers on the Educational Outcomes of
Low-Income Children: A Randomized-Control Trial in California," (with Jonathan
Robinson).
2009 Minority Business Development Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce, "Capital
Access among Minority-Owned Businesses"
2008-11 ZeroDivide Foundation, "The Effects of Home Computers on Educational Outcomes for
Teenagers." (with Jonathan Robinson)
2008-09 UCACCORD, "Does Improving Access to Computers Help Community College
Students on Financial Aid: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Rural Northern
California."
2008 The Networks, Electronic Commerce and Telecommunications ("NET") Institute, New
York University, "High-Technology Entrepreneurship in Silicon Valley."
2007-08 U.S. Small Business Administration, "Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Estimating the
Contribution of Immigrant Entrepreneurs using Census and Matched Current Population
Survey Data."
2007 Ford Foundation and National Economic Development and Law Center, "Affirmative
Action Programs and Self Employment Rates among Minorities and Women," (with
Justin Marion).
2007-08 Kauffman/RAND Center for Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, "Health Insurance and
Entrepreneurship," (with Kanika Kapur and Susan Gates) $140,000.

2
2007-08 New York City Economic Development Corporation, "Community Development Finance
Study." (with Lisa Servon, Greg Stanton, Jason Friedman, and Blaise Rastello),
$250,000.
2006-09 Kauffman Foundation, "Mexican-American and Immigrant Entrepreneurship," (with
Chris Woodruff) $96,000.
2006 The Networks, Electronic Commerce and Telecommunications ("NET") Institute, New
York University, "ICT Use in the Developing World: Implications of the Global Digital
Divide," (with Menzie Chinn).
2005-06 U.S. Small Business Administration, "Entrepreneurship in Silicon Valley during the
Boom and Bust."
2004-06 Russell Sage Foundation and Kauffman Foundation, "Race, Families and Success in
Small Business: A Comparison of African American-, Asian-, and White-Owned
Businesses" (with Alicia Robb).
2004-05 U.S. Small Business Administration, "Minority Entrepreneurship."
2003-04 U.S. Small Business Administration, "Technology, Entrepreneurship, and Firm Size
Dynamics: A Cross-Industry Analysis of Access to Technology and Business Startups."
2004-06 Community Technology Foundation of California, "Immigrant Youth and the Digital
Divide in California," Co-Principal Investigator (with Rebecca London), $110,000.
2004-05 U.S. Department of Labor, "The Dynamics of Health Insurance Coverage: Factors
Correlated with Insurance Gain and Loss among Adults."
2004-05 Employment Policies Institute, "An Analysis of the Dynamics of Health Insurance
Coverage and Implications for Employer-Mandated Insurance."
2003-06 W.T. Grant Foundation, "Race, Youth, and the Digital Divide: A Research and Policy
Initiative," Co-Principal Investigator (with Manuel Pastor), $250,000.
2003 University of California, Latino Policy Institute, "Latinos and the Digital Divide."
2001-03 Russell Sage Foundation, "Family Resources, Race, and Small Business Outcomes."
2001-02 Institute for Labor and Employment, University of California, "Self-Employment and
Economic Advancement among Disadvantaged Minorities."
2001-02 University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States, "Latino Flight from
Public Schools to Private Schools."
2000-01 U.S. Small Business Administration, "Earnings Growth among Disadvantaged Business
Owners."
2000-01 Spencer Foundation, "Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Flight from Public Schools into
Private Schools."
1998-00 National Science Foundation, "Drug Dealing, Incarceration, and Self-Employment."
1997-01 Public Policy Institute of California, "Immigrants, Natives and the Choice Between
Public and Private Schools," Co-Principal Investigator (with Julian R. Betts).
1995-96 U.S. Department of Labor, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy, "Worker
Adjustments to Job Loss: Evidence from the NLSY," (with Lori G. Kletzer).

ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS
Books
2008 Race and Entrepreneurial Success: Black-, Asian-, and White-Owned Businesses in the
United States, (with Alicia Robb), Cambridge: MIT Press.

1996 Ethnic and Racial Entrepreneurship: A Study of Historical and Contemporary
Differences, New York: Garland Publishing Inc.

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Selected Articles in Professional Journals
2021 "Parental Income and College Outcomes: Evidence from Lottery Wins" (with George
Bulman, Sarena Goodman, Adam Isen), NBER Working Paper No. 22679. American
Economic Review (forthcoming)

2021 "The Effect of Course Scarcity on Community College Students: Evidence from Waitlist
Cutoffs," (with Silvia Robles and Max Gross), NBER Working Paper No. 26376, Journal
of Public Economics (conditional acceptance)

2021 "Black and White: Access to Capital among Minority-Owned Startups," (with Alicia
Robb and David Robinson) Management Science (forthcoming).

2021 "Evaluating Entrepreneurship Training: How Important are Random Experiments for
Estimating Impacts?" Journal of Economics and Management Strategy (forthcoming)

2020 "Early Evidence of the Impacts of COVID-19 on Minority Unemployment" (with Ken
Couch and Huanan Xu), Journal of Public Economics, 192, December (Lead Article).

2020 "The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Owners: The First Three Months after
Social-Distancing Restrictions" Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 29(4):
727-740 (Lead Article).

2020 "Schooling and COVID-19: Lessons from Recent Research on EdTech" (with Prashant
Loyalka) Nature: Science of Learning, 5(1).

2020 "The effects of male peers on the educational outcomes of female college students in
STEM: Experimental evidence from partnerships in Chemistry courses" (with Glenn
Millhauser, Dan Oliver, Randa Roland) PLOS ONE, 10.1371: 1-13.

2019 "Measuring Job Creation, Growth, and Survival among the Universe of Start-ups in the
United States Using a Combined Start-up Panel Data Set" (with Javier Miranda and
Nikolas Zolas), ILR Review, 72(5): 1262–1277.

2018 "The Labor Market Returns to Computer Skills: Evidence from a Field Experiment and
California UI Earnings Records" (with Peter Bahr), Economics of Education Review, 63:
51-63.

2018 "Racial Inequality in Business Ownership and Income" Oxford Review of Economic
Policy, 34(4): 597–614.

2018 "Racial Differences in Labor Market Transitions and the Great Recession" (with Ken
Couch and Huanan Xu), Research in Labor Economics, 46, 1-53. (Lead Article).

2017 "Taking the Leap: The Determinants of Entrepreneurs Hiring their First Employee" (with
Javier Miranda), Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 26(1): 3–34.
(Lead Article).

4
2017 "The Effects of Computers on Children’s Social Development and School Participation:
Evidence from a Randomized Control Experiment," (with Ariel Kalil), Economics of
Education Review, 57: 10-19.

2016 "Job-Lock: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design” (with Susan Gates and
Kanika Kapur) Industrial Relations, 55(1): 92–121.

2015 "Behind the GATE Experiment: Evidence on Effects of and Rationales for Subsidized
Entrepreneurship Training" (with Dean Karlan and Jonathan Zinman), American
Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 7(2): 125-61.

2015 "Do Boys and Girls Use Computers Differently, and Does It Contribute to Why Boys do
Worse in School Than Girls?" The Berkeley Electronic Journal of Economic Analysis &
Policy, (Contributions), 94: 1-38.

2014 "A Community College Instructor like Me: Race and Ethnicity Interactions in the
Classroom,” (with Florian Hoffman and Phil Oreopoulos), American Economic Review.
104(8): 2567-2591.

2014 "The Impact of City Contracting Set-Asides on Black Self-Employment and
Employment," (with Ronnie Chatterji and Kenneth Y. Chay). Journal of Labor
Economics, 32(3): 507-561.

2014 "Access to Technology and the Transfer Function of Community Colleges: Evidence
from a Field Experiment," (with Samantha Grunberg), Economic Inquiry, 52(3): 1040–
1059.

2013 "Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Home Computers on Academic Achievement
among Schoolchildren" (with Jon Robinson), American Economic Journal: Applied
Economics, 5(3): 211-240.

2013 "Entrepreneurship, Economic Conditions, and the Great Recession,” Journal of
Economics and Management Strategy, 22(2): 207-231. (Lead Article).

2013 "High-Technology Entrepreneurship in Silicon Valley," (with Aaron Chatterji), Journal
of Economics and Management Strategy, 22(2): 365-389.

2012 "The Effects of Home Computers on Educational Outcomes: Evidence from a Field
Experiment with Community College Students," (with Rebecca London), The Economic
Journal, 122(561): 727–753.

2012 "Academic Achievement, Technology and Race: Experimental Evidence," Economics of
Education Review, 31(5): 663-679.

2012 "Liquidity Constraints, Household Wealth, and Entrepreneurship Revisited," (with Harry
Krashinsky), Review of Income and Wealth, 58(2): 279-306.

5
2012 "Little Effect of Insurance Status or Socioeconomic Condition on Disparities in Minority
Appendicitis Perforation Rates,” (with Edward Livingston), Journal of the American
Medical Association: Surgery, 147(1): 11-17.

2012 "Indian Entrepreneurial Success in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom"
(with Harry Krashinsky, Julie Zissimopoulos and Krishna Kumar), Research in Labor
Economics, 36: 285-314.

2012 "Affirmative Action Programs and Business Ownership among Minorities and
Women," (with Justin Marion), Small Business Economics, 39(2): 319-339.

2012 "Entrepreneurship Training, Risk Aversion and Other Personality Traits: Evidence from a
Random Experiment" (with William Holleran), Journal of Economic Psychology, 33,
366-378.

2011 "Is Employer-Based Health Insurance a Barrier to Entrepreneurship?," (with Kanika
Kapur and Susan Gates), Journal of Health Economics, 30(1): 146–162.

2010 "Mexican-American Entrepreneurship," (with Chris Woodruff), The Berkeley Electronic
Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, (Contributions), 10(1): 1-42, Article 10.

2010 "Last Hired, First Fired? Black-White Unemployment and the Business Cycle," (with
Ken Couch), Demography, 47(1): 227-247.

2010 "ICT Use in the Developing World: An Analysis of Differences in Computer and Internet
Penetration," (with Menzie Chinn), Review of International Economics, 18(1): 153-167.

2010 "Home Computers and Educational Outcomes: Evidence from the NLSY97 and CPS"
(with Daniel Beltran and Kuntal Das), Economic Inquiry, 48(3): 771-792.

2010 "The Five Gaps Facing Small and Microbusiness Owners: Evidence from New York
City," Economic Development Quarterly (with Lisa Servon, Blaise Rastello and Amber
Seely), 24(2): 126-142.

2009 "Race, Ethnicity and the Dynamics of Health Insurance Coverage," (with Rebecca
London), Research in Labor Economics, 29: 335-373.

Winner Outstanding Author Contribution 2010, Emerald Group Publishing Limited

2009 "Gender Differences in Business Performance: Evidence from the Characteristics of
Business Owners Survey," (with Alicia Robb), Small Business Economics, 33(4): 375-
395.

2009 "Determinants of Business Success: An Examination of Asian-Owned Businesses in the
United States," (with Alicia Robb), Journal of Population Economics, 22(4): 827-858

2009 "Who Is at Risk of Losing and Gaining Health Insurance?," Industrial Relations, (with
Rebecca A. London), 48(2): 287-310.

6
2009 "Can the "One-Drop Rule" Tell Us Anything about Racial Discrimination? New
Evidence from the Multiple Race Question on the 2000 Census." Labour Economics, 16
(4): 451-460.

2007 "Why are Black-Owned Businesses Less Successful than White-Owned Businesses: The
Role of Families, Inheritances, and Business Human Capital," (with Alicia Robb),
Journal of Labor Economics, 25(2): 289-323.

2007 "Families, Human Capital, and Small Business: Evidence from the Characteristics of
Business Owners Survey," (with Alicia Robb), ILR Review, 60(2): 225-245.

Emerald Citations of Excellence Award Winner, Top 50 Papers

2007 "The Determinants of the Global Digital Divide: A Cross-Country Analysis of Computer
and Internet Penetration," (with Menzie Chinn), Oxford Economic Papers, 59(1): 16-44.

2007 "Access to Financial Capital among U.S Businesses: The Case of African-American
Firms," (with Alicia Robb), The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social
Science, 613: 47-72.

2006 "The Personal Computer and Entrepreneurship," Management Science, 52 (2): 187-203.

2005 "Self-Employment, Entrepreneurship and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth,"
Monthly Labor Review, Special Issue Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of the
NLSY79, 128(2): 40-47.

2005 "Entrepreneurship and Earnings among Young Adults from Disadvantaged Families."
Small Business Economics, 25(3): 223-236.

2005 "An Extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Technique to Logit and Probit
Models," Journal of Economic and Social Measurement, 30(4): 305-316.

2005 "The Effects of Home Computers on School Enrollment," Economics of Education
Review, 24(5): 533-547.

2004 "Race and the Digital Divide," Berkeley Electronic Journals, Contributions to Economic
Analysis & Policy. 3(1), Article 15: 1-38.

2004 "Earnings Growth among Less-Educated Business Owners," Industrial Relations, 43 (3):
634-659.

2004 "Recent Trends in Ethnic and Racial Business Ownership." Small Business Economics,
23: 203-218.

2003 "Private Schools and "Latino Flight" from Black Schoolchildren." Demography, 39(4):
655-674.

7
2003 "The Effect of Immigration on Native Self-Employment," (with Bruce D. Meyer),
Journal of Labor Economics. 21(3): 619-650.

2003 "Does Immigration Induce "Native Flight" from Public Schools into Private Schools,"
(with Julian R. Betts), Journal of Public Economics. 87(5-6): 987-1012.

2003 "The Long-Term Costs of Job Displacement among Young Workers," (with Lori G.
Kletzer)," ILR Review, 56(4): 682-698.

2002 "Drug Dealing and Legitimate Self-Employment," Journal of Labor Economics 20(3):
538-567.

2002 "Is There White Flight into Private Schools? Evidence from the National Educational
Longitudinal Survey," (with Alexandra M. Resch), Review of Economics & Statistics,
84(1): 21-33.

2001 "Explaining Ethnic, Racial, and Immigrant Differences in Private School Attendance"
(with Julian R. Betts), Journal of Urban Economics, 50, 26-51.

2000 "Trends in Self-Employment among White and Black Men: 1910-1990," (with Bruce D.
Meyer), Journal of Human Resources, 35(4): 643-669.

1999 "The Absence of the African-American Owned Business: An Analysis of the Dynamics
of Self-Employment," Journal of Labor Economics, 17(1): 80-108.

1999 "The Emergence, Persistence, and Recent Widening of the Racial Unemployment Gap,"
(with William A. Sundstrom), ILR Review, 52(2): 252-270.

1998 "Jobs Lost, Jobs Regained: An Analysis of Black/White Differences in Job Displacement
in the 1980s" (with Lori G. Kletzer), Industrial Relations, 37(4): 460-477.

1997 "The Racial Unemployment Gap in Long-Run Perspective" (with William A.
Sundstrom), American Economic Review, 87(2): 306-310.

1997 "The Effect of Incremental Benefit Levels on Births to AFDC Recipients" (with Rebecca
A. London), Journal of Policy Analysis & Management, 16(4): 575-597.

1996 "Ethnic and Racial Self-Employment Differences and Possible Explanations" (with Bruce
D. Meyer), Journal of Human Resources, 31(4): 757-793.

Reprinted in The Economics of Migration, Volume III, eds., Klaus Zimmermann and
Thomas Bauer, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.

1996 "Race and the Shifting Burden of Job Displacement: 1982-93," (with Lori G. Kletzer),
Monthly Labor Review, 119(9): 13-23.

Selected Chapters in Books

8
2020 "The Economic Contributions of Latino Entrepreneurs" (with Zulema Valdez, Jody
Vallejo) in Advancing U.S. Latino Entrepreneurship: A New National Economic
Imperative, eds. Marlene Orozco, Alfonso Morales, Michael J. Pisani and Jerry I. Porras,
Purdue University Press, Chapter 4

2016 "Technology and Education: Computers, Software, and the Internet" (with George
Bulman) in the Handbook of the Economics of Education, Volume 5, eds. Eric Hanushek,
Steve Machin, and Ludger Woessmann, North-Holland, Chapter 6: 239-280.

2015 "Immigration and Entrepreneurship" (with Magnus Lofstrom) in the Handbook of the
Economics of International Migration, eds. Barry R. Chiswick and Paul W. Miller,
Elsevier, 877-911.

2013 "Minority and Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Access to Financial Capital," in the
International Handbook on the Economics of Migration, eds. Klaus F. Zimmermann and
Amelie Constant, Edward Elgar Publishing, 153-175.

2012 “Financial Capital among Minority-Owned Businesses” (with Alicia Robb) in The
Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurial Finance, ed. Douglas Cumming, Oxford University
Press: 687-718.

2010 “Mexican-American Entrepreneurs and their Contribution to the U.S. Economy” Open
for Business: Migrant Entrepreneurship in OECD Countries, OECD Publishing, 213-
225.

2010 "The International Asian Business Success Story? A Comparison of Chinese, Indian and
Other Asian Businesses in the United States, Canada and United Kingdom," (with Julie
Zissimopoulos and Harry Krashinsky) in International Differences in Entrepreneurship,
eds. Josh Lerner and Antoinette Schoar, Chicago: University of Chicago Press and
National Bureau of Economic Research, 179-208.

2007 "Mexican Entrepreneurship: A Comparison of Self-Employment in Mexico and the
United States" (with Christopher Woodruff), Mexican Immigration, ed. George Borjas,
Chicago: University of Chicago Press and National Bureau of Economic Research.

2005 "Minority Entrepreneurship," in The Small Business Economy 2005: A Report to the
President, U.S. Small Business Administration, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government
Printing Office.

2006 "Entrepreneurship among Disadvantaged Groups: Women, Minorities and the Less
Educated," in The Life Cycle of Entrepreneurial Ventures: International Handbook Series
on Entrepreneurship, Vol. 3, ed. Simon C. Parker, New York, NY : Springer, pp. 437-
475.

2006 "Economic Conditions, Parental Job Loss, and Children’s Living Arrangements" (with
Rebecca London), for Economic Challenges, Policy Changes, and Poverty, eds. Rebecca
Blank, Sheldon Danzinger, and Robert Schoeni, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

9
2006 "The Expanding Use of Technology among Latina Girls," (with Rebecca London).
Latina Girls: Voices of Adolescent Strength in the United States, eds. Jill Denner and
Bianca Guzman, New York: New York University Press.

2004 "Does Business Ownership Provide a Source of Upward Mobility for Blacks and
Hispanics?," Entrepreneurship and Public Policy , ed., Doug Holtz-Eakin, Cambridge:
MIT Press.

1998 "Does Immigration Hurt African-American Self-Employment?," (with Bruce D. Meyer),
Help or Hindrance? The Economic Implications of Immigration for African-Americans,
eds., Daniel S. Hamermesh and Frank D. Bean, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Book Reviews
2019 Journal of Economic Literature, review of “The Gift of Global Talent: How Migration
Shapes Business, Economy & Society” by William Kerr, Stanford University Press,
2019. (forthcoming)
2011 Journal of Economic History, review of “Hispanics in the United States: A Demographic,
Social, and Economic History, 1980–2005. By Laird Bergad and Herbert Klein.
Cambridge University Press, 2010.

WORKING PAPERS

2020 "Job Creation and Survival among Entrepreneurs: Evidence from the Universe of U.S.
Startups" (with Javier Miranda, Nick Zolas) draft for MIT Press Book Contract

2020 "Did the $660 Billion Paycheck Protection Program and $220 Billion Economic Injury
Disaster Loan Program Get Disbursed to Minority Communities in the Early Stages of
COVID-19?" (with Frank Fossen)

2020 "Gender and the COVID-19 Labor Market Downturn" (with Ken Couch and Huanan Xu)

2020 "The Effects of Management Practices when Managing Multiple Goals in an
Organization" (with Prashant Loyalka, Dinsha Mistree, Yong Suk Lee and Tara Beteille)

2020 "Does EdTech Substitute for Traditional Learning? Experimental Estimates of the
Educational Production Function" (with Eric Bettinger, Anastasia Kapuza, Elena
Kardanova, Prashant Loyalka, and Andrey Zakharov)

2020 "Isolating the “Tech” in EdTech: Experimental Evidence on Computer Assisted
Learning in China" (with Ma Yue, Prashant Loyalka, Scott Rozelle)

2019 "Experimental Evidence on Entrepreneurship Training and Financial Capital," (with
Heinrich Hock and Robert Santillano)

2019 "The Two Components of Business Creation: Opportunity versus Necessity
Entrepreneurship" (with Frank Fossen), Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research
Discussion Paper No. 17-014 and NBER Working Paper No. 26377

10
2018 "Do Pecuniary Incentives Crowd Out Social Pressure?" (with Jeremy West, Bryan Pratt,
Liam Rose)

2017 "Addressing Path Dependence and Incorporating Sample Weights in the Nonlinear
Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Technique for Logit, Probit and Other Nonlinear
Models" Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research Working Paper No. 17-013.

OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Selected Government Reports
2018 Latino Business Ownership: Contributions and Barriers for U.S.-born and Immigrant
Latino Entrepreneurs, U.S. Small Business Administration Report.
2013 Crossing the Employer Threshold: Determinants of Firms Hiring their First Employee,
U.S. Small Business Administration Report.
2012 Immigrant Entrepreneurs and Small Business Owners, and their Access to Financial
Capital, U.S. Small Business Administration Report
2010 Disparities in Capital Access between Minority and Non-Minority-Owned Businesses:
The Troubling Reality of Capital Limitations Faced by MBEs, Minority Business
Development Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce Report.
2008 Estimating the Contribution of Immigrant Business Owners to the U.S. Economy, U.S.
Small Business Administration Report
2008 Measuring Minority- and Woman-Owned Construction and Professional Service Firm
Availability and Utilization, Report for the San Mateo County Transit District and the
Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board (with Mark Berkman and Matthew Johnson)
2007 Entrepreneurship in Silicon Valley during the Boom and Bust, U.S. Small Business
Administration Report
2007 Measuring Minority- and Woman-Owned Construction and Professional Service Firm
Availability and Utilization Final Report, Report for the Santa Clara Valley
Transportation Authority (with Mark Berkman and Matthew Johnson)
2005 The Dynamics of Health Insurance Coverage: Factors Correlated with Insurance Gain
and Loss among Adults, U.S. Department of Labor Report.
2005 Technology and Entrepreneurship: A Cross-Industry Analysis of Access to Computers
and Self-Employment, U.S. Small Business Administration Report.
2004 Self-Employed Business Ownership Rates in the United States: 1979-2003, U.S. Small
Business Administration Report.
2004 Entrepreneurship in the 21st Century, Conference Proceedings, U.S. Small Business
Administration and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.
2001 Earnings Growth among Disadvantaged Business Owners, U.S. Small Business
Administration Report.
1996 The Incidence and Costs of Job Displacement among Young Workers, (with Lori G.
Kletzer), U.S. Department of Labor Report.

Selected Other Publications
2020 “COVID-19, Small Business Owners, and Racial Inequality” NBER Reporter, Research
Summaries

2020 “The impact of Covid-19 restrictions on small businesses in the US” IZA World of Labor,
Commentary

11
2019 “Introduction to a Special Issue on Entrepreneurship and Employment: Connecting Labor
Market Institutions, Corporate Demography, and Human Resource Management
Practices,” (with M. Diane Burton and Donald Siegel), ILR Review, 72(5): 1262–1277
2019 2017 National Report on Early-Stage Entrepreneurship: Kauffman Indicators of
Entrepreneurship, (with Sameeksha Desai and A.J. Herrmann), Ewing Marion Kauffman
Foundation.
2017 Financing Black-Owned Businesses. Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research,
Policy Brief
2017 The Kauffman Index: Startup Activity / National Trends. (with Arnobio Morelix and Inara
Tareque). Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.
2015-16 The Kauffman Index: Startup Activity / National Trends. (with Arnobio Morelix, E.J.
Reedy, and Joshua Russell). Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.
2008-14 Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity 1996-2013. Ewing Marion Kauffman
Foundation.
2012 Open for Business: How Immigrants are Driving Small Business Creation in the United
States, Partnership for a New American Economy Report.
2009 The Butte College Computer Giveaway Experiment: How Does Access to Home
Computers Affect Financial Aid Students’ Educational Outcomes?, Policy Brief, John W.
Gardner Center for Youth and their Communities, Stanford University
2008 The Causes of Racial Disparities in Business Performance, Policy Brief #12, National
Poverty Center, University of Michigan.
2005-06 Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity, National Report 1996-2005. Ewing Marion
Kauffman Foundation.
2005-06 Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity, State Report 2005. Ewing Marion Kauffman
Foundation.
2006 "Racial Segregation and the Private/Public School Choice," Research Publication Series,
National Center for the Study of Privatization in Education, Teachers College, Columbia
University.
2006 An Analysis of the Dynamics of Health Insurance Coverage and Implications for
Employer-Mandated Insurance, Employment Policies Institute: Washington, D.C. (with
Rebecca London).
2005 Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity, Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.
2005 "Assessing the Global Digital Divide," La Follette Policy Report, University of
Wisconsin, 15 (1), Spring.
2001 "Self-Employment as a Route to Economic Mobility among Less-Educated Youth," Joint
Center for Poverty Research Policy Brief, Vol. 3; No. 2.
1999 "Drug Dealing and Legitimate Self-Employment," Joint Center for Poverty Research
Policy Brief, Vol. 1; No. 7.

RESEARCH AFFILIATIONS
2012- CESifo, Munich, research professor
2006-11 RAND Corporation, adjunct researcher
2004- National Poverty Center, University of Michigan
2004- IZA, Institute for the Study of Labor, Germany
1999-03 Joint Center for Poverty Research, Northwestern University and University of Chicago

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

12
Member: American Economic Association, Society of Labor Economists, Association for Public
Policy Analysis and Management, Academy of Management
Editorial: Industrial Labor Relations and Review
Nomination Committee: MacArthur Fellowship “Genius” Award;
Alumni – Stanford University: Board of Directors of the Monterey Bay Stanford Club
Career Mentor for Alumni Association
Alumni – Northwestern University: Career Mentor for Alumni Association
Instructional: National Bureau of Economic Research, Entrepreneurship Research Bootcamp,
Minority Entrepreneurship Bootcamp, University of North Carolina, Max Planck Institute
School on Entrepreneurship Research, IZA, CESifo, Wellesley College Economics
Student Association, UC Sacramento Center
Advisory Board: Center for Entrepreneurship, Enterprise Economic Impact Council, Center for
Innovative Entrepreneurship, vFinance
Referee: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Journal:
Economic Policy, American Economic Review, Annals of Finance, B.E. Journals in
Economic Analysis & Policy, Canadian Journal of Economics, Contemporary Economic
Policy, Demography, Developmental Psychology, Economic Development and Cultural
Change, Economic Inquiry, Economic Journal, Economics of Education Review,
Education Economics, Education Finance and Policy, Edward Elgar Press, Employment
Policies Institute, Entrepreneurship Research Journal, Environment and Planning C:
Government and Policy, European Economic Review, First Monday, Handbook of
Entrepreneurship, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, Industrial & Labor
Relations Review, Industrial Relations, Information Economics and Policy, International
Monetary Fund, IZA Journal of Labor Economics, IZA/Department for International
Development Grants, Journal of Business, Journal of Business Venturing, Journal of
Development Studies, Journal of Development Entrepreneurship, Journal of Economic
Geography, Journal of Economic Literature, Journal of Economics and Management
Strategy, Journal of Economic Psychology, Journal of Health Economics, Journal of
Human Resources, Journal of Labor Economics, Journal of Law and Economics, Journal
of Money, Credit, and Banking, Journal of Policy Analysis & Management, Journal of
Political Economy, Journal of Population Economics, Journal of Regional Science,
Kauffman Foundation, Labour Economics, Management Science, National Science
Foundation, National Tax Journal, Pacific Economic Review, Pediatrics, PLOS ONE,
Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Public Policy Institute of California,
Quarterly Journal of Economics, Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, RAND,
Research in Labor Economics, Research on Aging, Review of Economics and Statistics,
Russell Sage Foundation, Small Business Economics, Smith Richardson Foundation,
Social Science Research, Southern Economic Journal, Stanford University Press, U.S.
Department of Education, Yale University Press

GOVERNMENT TESTIMONY
2013 California State Testimony for the California State Senate Appropriations Committee,
California State Assembly, "The California Minimum Wage, Inflation and the Poverty
Line"
2011 U.S. Congressional Testimony, U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business and
Entrepreneurship, "Closing the Gap: Exploring Minority Access to Capital and
Contracting Opportunities”

13
2010 U.S. Congressional Testimony, U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business and
Entrepreneurship, "Assessing Access: Obstacles and Opportunities for Minority Small
Business Owners in Today’s Capital Markets”
2010 U.S. Congressional Briefing, U.S. House of Representatives, "The Troubling Reality of
Capital Limitations Faced by Minority Firms"
2005 U.S. Congressional Briefing, U.S. House of Representatives, "Access to Technology in
the United States"
2005 California State Testimony on "Proposed Merger of SBC Communications Inc. and
AT&T Corp." for the California Public Utilities Commission.
2003 California State Testimony on AB 855 (Firebaugh) to the California State Assembly,
Committee on Utilities and Commerce regarding inequality in access to technology.

SELECTED OTHER GOVERNMENT SERVICE
2014 Consultation on “Immigrant Entrepreneurship” to the National Academy of Sciences
Panel on the Economic and Fiscal Impact of Immigration
2013 Contribution to report by U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business and
Entrepreneurship, Wealth Gap Report
2009 Minority Enterprise Development Week presentation for U.S. Department of Commerce
2005 Consultation to the National Academy of Sciences Panel on Measuring Business
Formation, Dynamics and Performance.
2004 Consultant on digital divide in California for Governor's California Performance Review.
1998 U.S. Department of the Treasury, President's Initiative on Race, consultation regarding
policies designed to promote minority business ownership in the United States.

SOFTWARE
2006 FAIRLIE module in Stata to generate nonlinear decomposition of binary outcome
differentials, which is an extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Technique to
Logit and Probit Models.

CONSULTING ACTIVITIES
2011- Mathematica, research consultant
2012- Brattle Group, academic advisor
2009 Berkeley Economic Consulting, consultant
2006 Kauffman Foundation, advisory panel for entrepreneurship policy brief
2005-06 Center for Innovative Entrepreneurship, vFinance, research consultant
2004-05 The Children's Partnership, Digital Opportunities Measuring Stick Project, research
2004-09 Charles River Associates, consultant
2001-02 Deloitte & Touche, Economic Consulting Group, consultant
2000- Research, consultation, and expert witness: local economic conditions, disadvantaged,
minority and female business enterprise programs, wage differentials in labor markets,
housing prices, Mello-Roos taxes, marketing response data, financial models, stock
market data, valuing stock and option-based compensation, and telecommunications data
1999-00 Women's Initiative for Self-Employment, research consultant

PRESENTATIONS
2021 Immigration and Entrepreneurship Conference, Kauffman Foundation
2020 Atlanta Federal Reserve
NBER Entrepreneurship Workshop

14
Syracuse University
JPMorgan Chase Institute Data Dialogue
Axios/Google Small Business Matters Expert Panel
Atlantic Roundtable
Nextdoor Small Business Panel
UCSC University Forum
NBER COVID-19 Webinar
Entrepreneurship Issue Forum, Kauffman Foundation
Rural Education Action Program, Stanford University
COVID-19 Impacts, Institute for Social Transformation
UC Berkeley
Stanford University
Cal Poly University
AEA Meetings
2019 APPAM Meetings
UC Berkeley (School of Information)
UC Merced
Montana State University
Stanford University (School of Education)
Society of Labor Economists Meetings, Arlington, VA
Montana State University, Education Policy Conference
Student Success Research Center, UCSC
2018 NBER Entrepreneurship Workshop
Middlebury Institute of International Studies
All California Labor Economics Workshop, USC
U.S. Small Business Administration
U.S. Census Bureau
Society of Labor Economists Meetings, Toronto
Stanford University (Latino Entrepreneurship Initiative)
University of Oklahoma
LSU
2017 University of Texas, Austin
Kauffman Foundation Board of Trustees
Federal Statistical Research Data Center (FSRDC) Conference, UCLA
Society of Labor Economists Meetings, Raleigh
Duke University
Stanford University (Economics)
Stanford University (Latino Entrepreneurship Initiative)
Stanford University (FSI International Institute/Education)
Stanford University (Inequality)
University of Nevada, Reno
“InNEVation” Center, University of Nevada, Reno
American Economic Association Annual Meetings
American Financial Association Annual Meetings (Panel)
2016 U.S. Small Business Administration
Arizona State University
National Academy of Sciences
The Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN), Stockholm

15
Stockholm University
Keynote address for 72nd Annual Congress of the International Institute of Public Finance
Public Policy Institute of California
Contra Costa Community College District
Chicano Latino Research Center Workshop
University of Southern California
Annual African American Male Educational Network and Development Summit
UC Berkeley
Columbia University
Northeastern University
Tufts University
Louisiana Tech
2015 University of Arizona
Faculty Diversity Summit, California Community College System
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Meetings, Miami, FL
IZA/Kauffman Entrepreneurship Conference, Georgetown University
Keynote, CESifo Entrepreneurship Conference, Venice, Italy
University of Munich
CES/ifo Institute
University of Bristol
London School of Economics
University of California, Sacramento Center
Santa Clara University
2014 Annual Meetings of Economics of Risky Behaviors, IZA, Medellin, Colombia
Harvard Business School
Cornell University
National Academy of Sciences
Business and Economic Development Center Workshop, University of Washington
Claremont McKenna College
Chicano Latino Research Center Workshop, University of California, Santa Cruz
University of Toronto
Wellesley College
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Meetings, Albuquerque, NM
2013 Hispanic Leadership Summit, University of Texas, Austin
Research Frontiers Day Conference, University of California, Santa Cruz
Business and Economic Development Center Workshop, University of Washington
Keynote address for IZA/Kauffman Entrepreneurship Conference, San Francisco
Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam
Copenhagen Business School
2012 De Anza College, Bay Area Regional Community College Researchers' Meetings
MacArthur Foundation, Research Roundtable on Broadband Evaluation
HEC Paris Workshop on Entrepreneurship, Paris
HEC Paris University, Workshop on Entrepreneurship
CESifo Institute, Munich
UC Berkeley
CESifo Institute, Munich
Society of Labor Economists, Chicago, Illinois
Society of Labor Economists, Chicago, Illinois

16
Management and Economics of ICT Conference, Munich
2011 University of British Columbia
UC Berkeley
National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Group in Entrepreneurship
Harvard/IZA Conference on Evaluation
De Anza College Presidential and Academic Senate Leadership Conference
International Computer Refurbisher Summit, Austin TX
UC Berkeley
University of Montreal, National Conference on Equity in Procurement and Contracting
Macroeconomics and Entrepreneurship CIRPEE-IVEY Conference, Montreal
UC Berkeley
Duke University and Kauffman Foundation Entrepreneurship Conference
U.S. Small Business Administration
Western Economic Association Meetings, San Diego, California
Western Economic Association Meetings, San Diego, California
2010 Case Western Reserve University
Atlanta Federal Reserve Bank, Small Business, Entrepreneurship and Economic
Recovery Conference
OECD Conference on Entrepreneurship and Employment Creation of Immigrants in
OECD Countries
DIW/IZA Workshop on Entrepreneurship Research, Bonn, Germany.
University of Rome
2009 Equal Justice Society, San Francisco, California.
HEC Paris University
IZA, Germany
Max Planck Institute, Jena, Germany.
IZA, Germany
University of California, Irvine
University of Wisconsin, Institute for Research on Poverty
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
University College Dublin.
Santa Clara University, California State’s Bankruptcy and its Economic Future
Conference
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and Kauffman Foundation Entrepreneurial Finance
Conference
RAND
Hudson Institute
Urban Institute
University of Wisconsin
University of California, Sacramento Center
Wisconsin Entrepreneurs' Network
University of Wisconsin, LaFollette School of Public Affairs
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Meetings, Washington, D.C.
International Conference on Panel Data, Bonn Germany.
2008 Annual Lecture on Science, Technology and Society, Center for Human Potential and
Public Policy, University of Chicago.
The Diversity in Business Conference, CJTC, University of California, Santa Cruz
Western New England College, Law & Business Center for Advancing Entrepreneurship

17
Minority Business Development Agency, U.S. Department of Commerce, and U.S. Small
Business Administration.
Silicon Valley Center, University of California, Santa Cruz
UC Berkeley.
UCLA, UCACCORD Workshop
Stanford University, West Coast Research Symposium on Technology Entrepreneurship
Hitotsubashi University, Japan
University of North Carolina, Research Conference on Entrepreneurship among
Minorities and Women
University of Washington, National Diversity in Business Research Conference
NBER Entrepreneurship Research Bootcamp.
University of California, Berkeley
Australian National University
University of Melbourne
Adoption of ICT Enabled Information Systems for Agricultural Development
Conference, Tokyo, Japan
Association of Public Policy and Management Meetings, Los Angeles, California.
Association of Public Policy Management Meetings, Los Angeles, California.
Academy of Management Meetings, Anaheim, California
Academy of Management Meetings, Anaheim, California
2007 Australian National University
Kauffman Symposium on Entrepreneurship and Innovation Data
Impact 209 Conference, UCLA
Harvard Business School
RAND
University of Sydney
University of New South Wales
Australian National University, Faculty of Economics and Business
National Bureau of Economic Research
U.S. Small Business Administration
IZA/SOLE Transatlantic Meetings, Munich, Germany
Academy of Management Meetings, Philadelphia, PA
Academy of Management Meetings, Philadelphia, PA
Society of Labor Economists Annual Meetings, Chicago, IL
Society of Labor Economists Annual Meetings, Chicago, IL
2006 Consulate General of Sweden, Swedish Office of Science and Technology at the
University of Southern California.
San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank
Business Diversity Conference, University of Washington
Health Insurance Transitions Workshop, University of Michigan
Entrepreneurship and Human Capital Conference, University of Amsterdam
Research Conference on Entrepreneurship among Minorities and Women, University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
University of Victoria
National Bureau of Economic Research Working Group on Entrepreneurship
University of Arizona
United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship Annual Meetings,
Tucson, AZ

18
2005 Panel on Measuring Business Formation, Dynamics and Performance, the National
Academy of Sciences
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, the California State University.
Kauffman Foundation Entrepreneurship Bootcamp, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill
Dartmouth College
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
CJTC
Stanford University
University of Connecticut
Society of Labor Economists Annual Meetings, San Francisco, CA.
Working and Poor: How Economic and Policy Changes Are Affecting Low-Wage
Workers Conference, Georgetown University
Social Policy Evaluation Annual Conference, Australian National University
2004 W.T. Grant Foundation Economics and Technology Workshop
Kauffman Foundation Entrepreneurship Data Conference, the University of Chicago
Entrepreneurship Conference, Case Western Reserve University
National Bureau of Economic Research
Kauffman Foundation Entrepreneurship Bootcamp, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill.
Entrepreneurship in the 21st Century, Office of Advocacy, Small Business Administration
and Kauffman Foundation.
National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Group in Entrepreneurship.
World Bank.
CJTC Focus Group, University of California, Santa Cruz Extension.
Community Technology Centers' Network Annual Conference, Seattle, WA.
Society of Labor Economists Annual Meetings, San Antonio, TX.
American Economic Association Annual Meetings, San Diego, CA.
2003 Bay Area Labor Economists Workshop, University of California, San Francisco,
Columbia University
SUNY Albany
Yale University
U.S. Small Business Administration
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
University of Maryland
University of California, Santa Barbara
Yale University
Urban Institute
Baruch College.
National University of Singapore.
2002 Society of Labor Economists Annual Meetings, Baltimore, MD.
United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship Annual Meetings,
Reno, NV.
2001 University of California, Berkeley
University of California, San Diego
Bay Area Labor Economists Workshop, Stanford University.
Labor and Capital in the Global Economy Workshop, Santa Cruz Center for International
Economics

19
Entrepreneurship and Public Policy Workshop, Syracuse University
United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship Annual Meetings,
Orlando, FL
2000 Columbia University
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Meetings, Seattle, WA.
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Meetings, Seattle, WA.
1999 Bay Area Labor Economists Workshop, Santa Clara University
McMaster University
University of Toronto
University of California, Berkeley
Symposium on Race and Economic Progress, Rutgers University
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Meetings, Washington, D.C.
National Bureau of Economic Research Summer Institute, Labor Studies, Cambridge,
MA.
American Economic Association Annual Meetings, New York, NY
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Meetings, Washington, D.C.
1998-99 Yale University
Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Russell Sage Foundation
University of California, Davis
Public Policy Institute of California
University of California, Berkeley
1998 Conference on Labour Market Transitions and Income Dynamics, Canadian Employment
Research Forum, University of Ottawa.
University of California, Berkeley
Presentation for the President's Initiative on Race at the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
European Association of Labour Economists Annual Conference, Blankenberge,
Belgium.
Population Association of America, Annual Meetings, Chicago, IL
Western Economic Association International, Annual Meetings, Lake Tahoe, CA.
1997 Bay Area Labor Economists Workshop, San Francisco State University
All-UC Group in Economic History Conference, University of California, Davis.
Portland State University.
Population Association of America, Annual Meetings, Washington D.C.
Population Association of America, Annual Meetings, Washington D.C.
Econometric Society Winter Meetings, New Orleans, LA.
1996-97 University of Texas, Austin
Urban Institute
Bay Area Labor Economists Workshop, Public Policy Institute of California
George Washington University
Bureau of Labor Statistics
University of Maryland
Stanford University
1996 National Association for Welfare Research and Statistics Annual Workshop, San
Francisco, CA.
Western Economic Association International Annual Meetings, San Francisco, CA.
Econometric Society Winter Meetings, San Francisco, CA.
Econometric Society Winter Meetings, San Francisco, CA.

20
1995-96 University of California, Santa Barbara
Public Policy Institute of California, San Francisco
1995 Econometric Society Winter Meetings, Washington, D.C.
1994 Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
University of Chicago
University of California, Santa Cruz
UCLA
Milken Institute
Syracuse University.
1993 Northwestern University
1992 University of Chicago

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