Report on the Activities of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology — House Report 117-694
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This is House Report 117-694, Union Calendar No. 510, titled Report on the Activities of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, for the One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed December 30, 2022. A letter of transmittal dated December 30, 2022 from Eddie Bernice Johnson, Chairwoman, to Speaker Nancy Pelosi submits the report pursuant to House Rule XI(1)(d)(1). The front matter lists the Committee and subcommittee membership, including Subcommittees on Energy, Environment, Investigations and Oversight, Research and Technology, and Space and Aeronautics. The contents begin with Chapter I, Legislation Enacted into Law, listing items such as the CHIPS and Science Act.
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1
Union Calendar No. 510
117th Congress, 2d Session – – – – – – – – – – – – House Report 117–694
REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES
OF THE
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND
TECHNOLOGY
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
FOR THE
ONE HUNDRED SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS
DECEMBER 30, 2022.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House
on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed
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U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE
★ 50–181 WASHINGTON : 2023
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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY,
Washington, DC, December 30, 2022.
Hon. NANCY PELOSI,
Speaker, House of Representatives,
Washington, DC.
DEAR SPEAKER PELOSI: Pursuant to House Rule XI(1)(d)(1), I re-
spectfully submit the activities report for the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology for the 117th Congress.
Thank you for your attention to this matter.
Sincerely,
EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON,
Chairwoman.
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COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY
One Hundred Seventeenth Congress
Hon. EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas, Chairwoman
Hon. FRANK LUCAS, Oklahoma, Ranking Member
Democratic Members (23) Republican Members (19)
ZOE LOFGREN, California MO BROOKS, Alabama
SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon BILL POSEY, Florida
AMI BERA, California RANDY WEBER, Texas
HALEY STEVENS, Michigan, Vice Chair BRIAN BABIN, Texas
MIKIE SHERRILL, New Jersey ANTHONY GONZALEZ, Ohio
JAMAAL BOWMAN, New York MICHAEL WALTZ, Florida
MELANIE STANSBURY, New Mexico JAMES R. BAIRD, Indiana
BRAD SHERMAN, California DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida
ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado MIKE GARCIA, California
JERRY MCNERNEY, California STEPHANIE I. BICE, Oklahoma
PAUL TONKA, New York YOUNG KIM, California
BILL FOSTER, Illinois RANDY FEENSTRA, Iowa
DONALD NORCROSS, New Jersey JAKE LATURNER, Kansas
DON BEYER, Virginia CARLOS A. GIMENEZ, Florida
SEAN CASTEN, Illinois JAY OBERNOLTE, California
CONER LAMB, Pennsylvania PETER MEIJER, Michigan
DEBORAH ROSS, North Carolina JAKE ELLZEY, Texas
GWEN MOORE, Wisconsin MIKE CAREY, Ohio
DAN KILDEE, Michigan
SUSAN WILD, Pennsylvania
LIZZIE FLETCHER, Texas
Vacancy
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SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY
Hon. JAMAAL BOWMAN, New York, Chairman
Democratic Members (10)* Republican Members (8)*
SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon RANDY WEBER, Texas, Ranking Member
HALEY STEVENS, Michigan JAMES R. BAIRD, Indiana
MELANIE STANSBURY, New Mexico MIKE GARCIA, California
JERRY MCNERNEY, California MICHAEL WALTZ, Florida
DONALD NORCROSS, New Jersey CARLOS A. GIMENEZ, Florida
SEAN CASTEN, Illinois PETER MEIJER, Michigan
CONOR LAMB, Pennsylvania JAY OBERNOLTE, California
DEBORAH ROSS, North Carolina
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT
Hon. MIKIE SHERRILL, New Jersey, Chairwoman
Democratic Members (7)* Republican Members (5)*
SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon STEPHANIE BICE, Oklahoma, Ranking
DAN KILDEE, Michigan Member
LIZZIE FLETCHER, Texas ANTHONY GONZALEZ, Ohio
SEAN CASTEN, Illinois RANDY FEENSTRA, Iowa
Vacancy CARLOS A. GIMENEZ, Florida
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SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS AND OVERSIGHT
Hon. BILL FOSTER, Illinois, Chairman
Democratic Members (6)* Republican Members (4)*
ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado JAY OBERNOLTE, California, Ranking
AMI BERA, California Member
GWEN MOORE, Wisconsin STEPHANIE BICE, Oklahoma
SEAN CASTEN, Illinois MIKE CAREY, Ohio
* The Full Committee Chair and Ranking Minority Mem-
ber (RMM) shall serve as ex-officio Members of all Sub-
committees.
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SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
Hon. HALEY STEVENS, Michigan, Chairwoman
Democratic Members (9)* Republican Members (7)*
MELANIE STANSBURY, New Mexico RANDY FEENSTRA, Iowa, Ranking Member
PAUL TONKA, New York ANTHONY GONZALEZ, Ohio
GWEN MOORE, Wisconsin JAMES R. BAIRD, Indiana
SUSAN WILD, Pennsylvania JAKE LATURNER, Kansas
BILL FOSTER, Illinois PETER MEIJER, Michigan
CONOR LAMB, Pennsylvania JAKE ELLZEY, Texas
DEBORAH ROSS, North Carolina
SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE AND AERONAUTICS
Hon. DON BEYER, Virginia, Chairman
Democratic Members (8)* Republican Members (6)*
ZOE LOFGREN, California BRIAN BABIN, Texas, Ranking Member
AMI BERA, California MO BROOKS, Alabama
BRAD SHERMAN, California BILL POSEY, Florida
ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado DANIEL WEBSTER, Florida
DONALD NORCROSS, New Jersey YOUNG KIM, California
Vacancy
* The Full Committee Chair and Ranking Minority Mem-
ber (RMM) shall serve as ex-officio Members of all Sub-
committees.
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CONTENTS
Report on Activities of the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
117th Congress
Page
Chapter I: Legislation Enacted into Law ....................................................... 1
1.1. P.L. 117–44, Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2021 ................. 1
1.2. P.L. 117–52, Further Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2021 .. 2
1.3. P.L. 117–58, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act ........................... 2
1.4. P.L. 117–167, CHIPS and Science Act .................................................... 3
1.5. P.L. 117–169, Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 ....................................... 5
1.6. P.L. 117–81, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2022 ................................................................................................................ 5
1.7. P.L. 117–248, PFAS Act ............................................................................ 6
1.8. P.L. 117–263, James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act
for Fiscal year 2023 ...................................................................................... 7
1.9. P.L. 117–246, Empowering the U.S. Fire Administration Act .............. 7
1.10. P.L. 117–316, FLOODS Act .................................................................... 8
1.11. P.L. 117–229, PRECIP Act ..................................................................... 8
Chapter II: Other Committee Legislation (bold indicates bills pri-
marily referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology) ................................................................................................................. 9
2.1 H.R. 1, For the People Act of 2021 ........................................................... 9
2.2 H.R. 144, Supporting Early-Career Research Act ................................... 9
2.3 H.R. 204, STEM Opportunities Act .......................................................... 10
2.4 H.R. 210, Rural STEM Education Research Act ..................................... 10
2.5 H.R. 847, Promoting Digital Privacy Technologies Act ........................... 11
2.6 H.R. 1437, PRECIP Act ............................................................................. 11
2.7 H.R. 1447, COAST Research Act of 2021 ................................................. 12
2.8 H.R. 1480, Helping Emergency Responders Overcome Act of 2019 ....... 12
2.9 H.R. 1850, Supporting Research and Development for First Respond-
ers Act ............................................................................................................ 13
2.10 H.R. 2027, MSI STEM Achievement ...................................................... 13
2.11 H.R. 2225, National Science Foundation for the Future Act ................ 14
2.12 H.R. 2533, NEAR Act of 2021 ................................................................. 15
2.13 H.R. 2695, Combating Sexual Harassment in Science Act ................... 15
2.14 H.R. 3228, National Coastal Resilience Data and services Act ............ 16
2.15 H.R. 3482, National Center for the Advancement of Aviation Act
of 2022 ............................................................................................................ 16
2.16 H.R. 3588, Mathematical and Statistical Modeling Education Act ...... 17
2.17 H.R. 3593, Department of Energy Science for the Future Act ............. 17
2.18 H.R. 3756, Department of Homeland Security Climate Change Re-
search Act ...................................................................................................... 18
2.19 H.R. 3858, National Science and Technology Strategy Act of 2021 ..... 19
2.20 H.R. 3952, NOAA Chief Scientist Act ..................................................... 19
2.21 H.R. 4270, Abandoned Well Remediation Research and Development
Act .................................................................................................................. 20
2.22 H.R. 4521, Bioeconomy Research and Development Act of 2021 ......... 20
2.23 H.R. 4588, Regional Innovation Act of 2021 .......................................... 21
2.24 H.R. 4599, SUPER Act of 2021 ............................................................... 22
2.25 H.R. 4606, Energizing Technology Transfer Act .................................... 23
2.26 H.R. 4609, National Institute of Standards and Technology for the
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Future Act of 2021 ........................................................................................ 24
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VII
Page
Chapter II—Continued
2.27 H.R. 4819, National Nuclear University Research Infrastructure Re-
investment Act of 2021 ................................................................................. 25
2.28 H.R. 5324, NWR Modernization Act of 2021 .......................................... 26
2.29 H.R. 5746, NASA Enhanced Use Leasing Extension Act of 2021 ........ 26
2.30 H.R. 6291, Micro Act ................................................................................ 27
2.31 H.R. 6845, Commercial Remote Sensing Amendment Act of 2022 ...... 27
2.32 H.R. 6933, Cost-Share Accountability Act of 2022 ................................ 28
2.33 H.R. 7180, Brycen Gray and Ben Price COVID–19 Cognitive Re-
search Act ...................................................................................................... 28
2.34 H.R. 7289, Federal PFAS Research Evaluation Act .............................. 29
2.35 H.R. 7361, National Weather Service Communications Improvement
Act .................................................................................................................. 29
2.36 H.R. 7569, Energy Cybersecurity University Leadership Act of 2022 . 29
Chapter III: Oversight, Investigations, and Other Activities of the
Committee .......................................................................................................... 30
3.1 Hearings Before the Full Committee ................................................. 30
3.1(a) February 19, 2021—The Science of Covid–19 Vaccines and
Encouraging Vaccine Uptake. Hearing Volume No. 117–1 ................ 30
3.1(b) February 25, 2021—Building Back the U.S. Research Enter-
prise: Covid Impacts and Recovery. Hearing Volume No. 117–2 ...... 30
3.1(c) March 12, 2021—The Science Behind Impacts of The Climate
Crisis. Hearing Volume No. 117–3 ....................................................... 31
3.1(d) March 18, 2021—Lessons Learned from The Texas Blackouts:
Research Needs for A Secure And Resilient Grid. Hearing Volume
No. 117–5 ................................................................................................ 31
3.1(e) April 15, 2021—Reimagining Our Innovation Future. Hearing
Volume No. 117–8 .................................................................................. 32
3.1(f) May 27, 2021—Overview of The Science and Energy Research
Enterprise Of The U.S. Department Of Energy. Hearing Volume
No. 117–18 .............................................................................................. 32
3.1(g) June 9, 2021—Building Regional Innovation Economies. Hear-
ing Volume No. 117–20 ......................................................................... 33
3.1(h) June 23, 2021—A Review of The President’s Fiscal Year 2022
Budget Proposal for Nasa. Hearing Volume No. 117–21 .................... 33
3.1(i) June 29, 2021—The State of Federal Wildland Fire Science:
Examining Opportunities for Further Research & Coordination.
Hearing Volume No. 117–23 ................................................................. 33
3.1(j) July 20, 2021—Spectrum Needs for Observations in Earth And
Space Sciences. Hearing Volume No. 117–26 ...................................... 34
3.1(k) September 29, 2021—Members’ Day Hearing: House Com-
mittee on Science, Space, And Technology. Hearing Volume No.
117–32 ..................................................................................................... 34
3.1(l) October 14, 2021—The Future of Forecasting: Building A
Weather-Ready Nation on All Fronts. Hearing Volume No. 117–
34 ............................................................................................................. 35
3.1(m) December 2, 2021—Ensuring American Leadership in Micro-
electronics. Hearing Volume No. 117–40 ............................................. 35
3.1(n) February 8, 2022—Data Challenges Impacting Human Traf-
ficking Research and Development of Anti-Trafficking Techno-
logical Tools. Hearing Volume No. 117–43 .......................................... 36
3.1(o) March 8, 2022—Federal Climate Adaptation and Resilience
for The 21st Century. Hearing Volume No. 117–47 ........................... 36
3.1(p) April 28, 2022—Now or Never: The Urgent Need for Ambitious
Climate Action. Hearing Volume No. 117–55 ...................................... 37
3.1(q) June 8, 2022—Detecting and Quantifying Methane Emissions
from The Oil And Gas Sector. Hearing Volume No. 117–60 .............. 37
3.1(r) September 20, 2022—Amplifying the Arctic: Strengthening
Science to Respond To A Rapidly Changing Arctic. Hearing Volume
No. 117–68 .............................................................................................. 38
3.1(s) December 6, 2022—Building A Safer Antarctic Research Envi-
ronment. Hearing Volume No. 117–72 ................................................. 38
3.2 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Energy ............................... 39
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3.2(a) March 25, 2021—Building Technologies Research for A Sus-
tainable Future. Hearing Volume No. 117–7 ...................................... 39
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Page
Chapter III—Continued
3.2 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Energy—Continued
3.2(b) May 4, 2021—Climate and Energy Science Research at The
Department Of Energy. Hearing Volume No. 117–12 ........................ 39
3.2(c) May 19, 2021—Accelerating Discovery: The Future of Scientific
Computing at The Department Of Energy. Hearing Volume No.
117–16 ..................................................................................................... 40
3.2(d) July 16, 2021—Fostering Equity in Energy Innovation. Hear-
ing Volume No. 117–25 ......................................................................... 41
3.2(e) November 17, 2021—Fostering A New Era of Fusion Energy
Research and Technology Development. Hearing Volume No. 117–
38 ............................................................................................................. 41
3.2(f) February 17, 2022—H2success: Research and Development to
Advance A Clean Hydrogen Future. Hearing Volume No. 117–
45 ............................................................................................................. 42
3.2(g) March 16, 2022—Bioenergy Research and Development for
The Fuels And Chemicals Of Tomorrow. Hearing Volume No. 117–
48 ............................................................................................................. 42
3.2(h) April 27, 2022—Science and Energy Research Infrastructure
Needs of The U.S. Department Of Energy. Hearing Volume No.
117–54 ..................................................................................................... 43
3.2(i) June 22, 2022—Investigating the Nature of Matter, Energy,
Space, And Time. Hearing Volume No. 117–61 .................................. 43
3.2(j) July 13, 2022—Nuclear Waste Cleanup: Research and Develop-
ment Opportunities for The Department Of Energy’s Office Of
Environmental Management. Hearing Volume No. 117–64 .............. 44
3.3 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Environment ................... 44
3.3(a) April 21, 2021—Working Towards Climate Equity: The Case
for A Federal Climate Service. Hearing Volume No. 117–9 ............... 44
3.3(b) June 7, 2021—Defining A National ‘Oceanshot’: Accelerating
Ocean and Great Lakes Science and Technology. Hearing Volume
No. 117–19 .............................................................................................. 45
3.3(c) July 21, 2021—Silent Killer: The Rising Problem of Extreme
Heat in The U.S. Hearing Volume No. 117–27 ................................... 45
3.3(d) September 23, 2021—Advancing Earth System Science and
Stewardship at Noaa. Hearing Volume No. 117–30 ........................... 46
3.3(e) December 7, 2021—Forever Chemicals: Research and Develop-
ment for Addressing The Pfas Problem. Hearing Volume No. 117–
41 ............................................................................................................. 46
3.3(f) March 2, 2022—From Gray to Green: Advancing The Science
Of Nature-Based Infrastructure. Hearing Volume No. 117–46 ......... 47
3.3(g) June 14, 2022—What’s The Forecast: A Look at The Future
of Weather Research. Hearing Volume No. 117–58 ............................ 47
3.3(h) Thursday June 23, 2022—Assessing Federal Programs for
Measuring Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks. Hearing Volume
No. 117–62 .............................................................................................. 48
3.3(i) Wednesday September 21, 2022—Looking Back to Predict the
Future: The Next Generation Of Weather Satellites. Hearing Vol-
ume No. 117–69 ..................................................................................... 48
3.4 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Investigations And
Oversight ..................................................................................................... 49
3.4(a) March 17, 2021—Brain Drain: Rebuilding the Federal Sci-
entific Workforce. Hearing Volume No. 117–4 .................................... 49
3.4(b) May 12, 2021—Covid–19 Variants and Evolving Research
Needs. Hearing Volume No. 117–14 .................................................... 49
3.4(c) May 25, 2021—Solarwinds and Beyond: Improving the Cyber-
security Of Software Supply Chains. Hearing Volume No. 117–
17 ............................................................................................................. 50
3.4(d) July 14, 2021—Principles for Outbreak Investigation: Covid–
19 And Future Infectious Diseases. Hearing Volume No. 117–24 ..... 50
3.4(e) September 28, 2021—The Disinformation Black Box: Research-
ing Social Media Data. Hearing Volume No. 117–31 ......................... 51
3.4(f) October 5, 2021—Balancing Open Science and Security in The
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U.S. Research Enterprise. Hearing Volume No. 117–33 .................... 51
3.4(g) October 21, 2021—Judicious Spending to Enable Success at
The Office Of Nuclear Energy. Hearing Volume No. 117–36 ............. 52
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Page
Chapter III—Continued
3.4 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Investigations And
Oversight—Continued
3.4(h) March 31, 2022—The New Normal: Preparing for And Adapt-
ing to The Next Phase Of Covid–19. Hearing Volume No. 117–
51 ............................................................................................................. 52
3.4(i) April 21, 2022—Field Hearing—Pedal to The Metal: Electric
Vehicle Batteries and The Critical Minerals Supply Chain. Hearing
Volume No. 117–57 ................................................................................ 53
3.4(j) May 11, 2022—Securing the Digital Commons: Open-Source
Software Cybersecurity. Hearing Volume No. 117–56 ....................... 53
3.4(k) June 29, 2022—Privacy in The Age of Biometrics. Hearing
Volume No. 117–63 ................................................................................ 54
3.4(l) July 20, 2022—Paper Mills and Research Misconduct: Facing
the Challenges Of Scientific Publishing. Hearing Volume No. 117–
65 ............................................................................................................. 54
3.4(m) September 15, 2022—The Fountain of Youth? The Quest for
Aging Therapies. Hearing Volume No. 117–67 ................................... 55
3.5 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Research And Tech-
nology ........................................................................................................... 55
3.5(a) April 28, 2021—National Science Foundation: Advancing Re-
search for The Future of U.S. Innovation. Hearing Volume No.
117–10 ..................................................................................................... 55
3.5(b) May 6, 2021—National Science Foundation: Advancing Re-
search for The Future of U.S. Innovation Part Ii. Hearing Volume
No. 117–13 .............................................................................................. 56
3.5(c) June 24, 2021—Plastic Waste Reduction and Recycling Re-
search: Moving from Staggering Statistics To Sustainable Systems.
Hearing Volume No. 117–22 ................................................................. 56
3.5(d) October 5, 2021—Balancing Open Science and Security in The
U.S. Research Enterprise. Hearing Volume No. 117–33 .................... 57
3.5(e) November 10, 2021—Weathering the Storm: Reauthorizing the
National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program. Hearing Volume
No. 117–37 .............................................................................................. 57
3.5(f) February 15, 2022—Strengthening the U.S. Microelectronics
Workforce. Hearing Volume No. 117–44 .............................................. 58
3.5(g) March 17, 2022—Setting the Standards: Strengthening U.S.
Leadership in Technical Standards. Hearing Volume No. 117–49 .... 58
3.5(h) April 6, 2022—Sbir Turns 40: Evaluating Support for Small
Business Innovation. Hearing Volume No. 117–52 ............................ 59
3.5(i) May 20, 2022—Field Hearing—Building A Workforce to Navi-
gate the Electric Vehicle Future. Hearing Volume No. 117–57 ......... 59
3.5(j) June 23, 2022—Assessing Federal Programs for Measuring
Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks. Hearing Volume No. 117–
62 ............................................................................................................. 60
3.5(k) September 29, 2022—Trustworthy Ai: Managing the Risks of
Artificial Intelligence. Hearing Volume No. 117–70 ........................... 60
3.5(l) December 14, 2022—Building Regional Innovation Economies
Part Ii. Hearing Volume No. 117–XX .................................................. 61
3.6 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics . 61
3.6(a) March 24, 2021—Examining R&D Pathways to Sustainable
Aviation. Hearing Volume No. 117–6 .................................................. 61
3.6(b) April 29, 2021—What Do Scientists Hope to Learn with Nasa’s
Mars Perseverance Rover? Hearing Volume No. 117–11 ................... 62
3.6(c) May 18, 2021—Nasa’s Earth Science and Climate Change Ac-
tivities: Current Roles and Future Opportunities. Hearing Volume
No. 117–15 .............................................................................................. 62
3.6(d) July 29, 2021—Enabling Mission Success from The Ground
Up: Addressing Nasa’s Urgent Infrastructure Needs. Hearing Vol-
ume No. 117–28 ..................................................................................... 62
3.6(e) September 21, 2021—Nasa’s Future in Low Earth Orbit: Con-
siderations for International Space Station Extension And Transi-
tion. Hearing Volume No. 117–29 ........................................................ 63
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3.6(f) October 20, 2021—Accelerating Deep Space Travel with Space
Nuclear Propulsion. Hearing Volume No. 117–35 .............................. 63
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Page
Chapter III—Continued
3.6 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Space and Aero-
nautics—Continued
3.6(g) December 1, 2021—A Review of The Decadal Survey for As-
tronomy And Astrophysics In The 2020s. Hearing Volume No. 117–
39 ............................................................................................................. 64
3.6(h) March 1, 2022—Keeping Our Sights on Mars Part 3: A Status
Update and Review Of Nasa’s Artemis Initiative. Hearing Volume
No. 117–42 .............................................................................................. 64
3.6(i) May 12, 2022—Space Situational Awareness: Guiding the Tran-
sition to A Civil Capability. Hearing Volume No. 117–50 .................. 65
3.6(j) May 26, 2022—A Review of The Decadal Strategy for Planetary
Science And Astrobiology 2023 2032. Hearing Volume No. 117–
59 ............................................................................................................. 65
3.6(k) July 28, 2022—Exploring Cyber Space: Cybersecurity Issues
for Civil and Commercial Space Systems. Hearing Volume No.
117–66 ..................................................................................................... 65
3.6(l) September 21, 2022—Looking Back to Predict the Future: The
Next Generation Of Weather Satellites. Hearing Volume No. 117–
69 ............................................................................................................. 66
3.6(m) November 16, 2022—Unfolding the Universe: Initial Science
Results from The James Webb Space Telescope. Hearing Volume
No. 117–71 .............................................................................................. 66
Chapter IV: Appendix ......................................................................................... 67
4.1 History of the Committee .......................................................................... 67
4.2 Views and Estimates of the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology for FY2022 ......................................................................................... 69
4.2(a). Minority Views and Estimates for FY 2022 ....................................... 72
4.3. Views and Estimates of the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology for FY 2023 ........................................................................................ 75
4.4. Oversight plan for the 117th Congress .................................................... 79
4.5. History of Appointments ........................................................................... 89
4.6. Rules of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ................. 91
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Union Calendar No. 510
117TH CONGRESS REPORT
" HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES !
2d Session 117–694
REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON
SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY
DECEMBER 30, 2022.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State
of the Union and ordered to be printed
Ms. JOHNSON of Texas, from the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology, submitted the following
R E P O R T
Chapter I: Legislation Enacted into Law
1.1 P.L. 117–44, Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of P.L. 117–44 is to extend Federal-aid highway,
highway safety, and transit programs authorized in previous sur-
face transportation legislation from the previous end date of Sep-
tember 30, 2021, through October 31, 2021.
Legislative History
H.R. 5434, Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2021, was in-
troduced by Peter A. DeFazio on September 30, 2021, and referred
to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and in ad-
dition to the Committees on Ways and Means, Natural Resources,
Science, Space, and Technology, Energy and Commerce, and Over-
sight and Reform. On October 1, 2021, the House considered H.R.
5434 under suspension of the rules, and the bill passed by a record
vote of Y–365 and N–51.
On October 1, 2021, the Senate considered and passed H.R. 5434
by unanimous consent.
On October 2, 2021, H.R. 5434 was signed by the President and
became Public Law 117–44.
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1.2 P.L. 117–52, Further Surface Transportation Extension Act of
2021
Purpose
The purpose of P.L. 117–52 is to extend Federal-aid highway,
highway safety, and transit programs authorized in previous sur-
face transportation legislation from the previous end date of Octo-
ber 31, 2021, through December 3, 2021.
Legislative History
H.R. 5763, Further Surface Transportation Extension Act of
2021, was introduced by Peter A. DeFazio on October 28, 2021, and
referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure,
and in addition to the Committees on Ways and Means, Natural
Resources, Science, Space, and Technology, Energy and Commerce,
and Oversight and Reform. On October 28, 2021, the House consid-
ered H.R. 5763 under suspension of the rules, and the bill passed
by a record vote of Y–358 and N–59.
On October 28, 2021, the Senate considered and passed H.R.
5763 by unanimous consent.
On October 31, 2021, H.R. 5763 was signed by the President and
became Public Law 117–52.
1.3 P.L. 117–58, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
Purpose
The purpose of P.L. 117–58 is to reauthorize Federal-aid high-
way, highway safety, and transit programs authorized in previous
surface transportation legislation and also to authorize and/or fund
new programs related to infrastructure and energy. In addition to
the types of programs typically authorized in ‘‘highway bills’’, P.L.
117–58 established a new Advanced Research Projects Agency-In-
frastructure (ARPA–I) program. This program is modeled on the
Department of Defense DARPA program to provide support for sci-
entific and technical solutions to infrastructure challenges.
There is a total of approximately $38 billion in funding for en-
ergy related activities that could implicate programs within the ju-
risdiction of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Ap-
proximately $9 billion of that is funding for various activities au-
thorized in the Energy Act of 2020 (contained within P.L. 116–260),
including various clean energy demonstration projects, nuclear
power demonstration projects, and critical material research, devel-
opment, and demonstration activities. Another $29 billion in fund-
ing is allocated to other energy research, development, demonstra-
tion, and deployment activities. Since the breakdown of develop-
ment/demonstration activities versus deployment activities for
some of this funding is left to the Department of Energy in car-
rying out the programs, the breakdown of exactly which of this
funding would be allocated to programs under the jurisdiction of
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology remains unclear
at the time of publication. Major programs funded from this $29
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billion include activities related to carbon removal, hydrogen, bat-
tery recycling, grid reliability, and carbon storage.
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Legislative History
H.R. 3684, the INVEST in America Act was introduced on June
4, 2021, and referred to the Committee on Transportation and In-
frastructure. On June 21, 2021, Chairman Peter A. DeFazio and
Chairwoman Eddie Bernice Johnson exchanged letters acknowl-
edging the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology’s jurisdic-
tion over H.R. 3684 and waiving referral of the bill to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology. On June 22, 2021, the
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure reported H.R.
3684 to the House with an amendment. On July 1, 2021, the House
passed H.R. 3684 by a record vote of Y–221 and N–201.
On August 10, 2021, the Senate passed H.R. 3684, with an
amendment, by a record vote of Y–69 and N–30.
On November 5, 2021, the House passed H.R. 3684 by a record
vote of Y–228 and N–205.
The President signed H.R. 3684 on November 15, 2021, and it be-
came Public Law 117–58.
1.4 P.L. 117–167, CHIPS and Science Act
Purpose
The purpose of P.L. 117–167, the CHIPS and Science Act, is to
provide funding to advance the domestic semiconductor industry
and to authorize civilian research and development activities at the
National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, and Department of Commerce.
P.L. 117–167 consists of three parts. Division A relates to fund-
ing for domestic semiconductor manufacturing and domestic semi-
conductor research and development. This Division provides for
$54.2 billion in direct appropriations for semiconductor activities
and wireless supply chain innovation. The bulk of this funding
would be stewarded by the Department of Commerce for semicon-
ductor manufacturing incentives ($39 billion) and research and de-
velopment ($11 billion). The Department of Commerce would also
steward $1.5 billion for wireless supply chain innovation. Addi-
tional monies are appropriated to the National Science Foundation
($200 million), Department of Defense ($2 billion), and Department
of State ($500 million) for other semiconductor activities.
Division B consists of a large number of civilian science author-
izations and policy provisions. This includes comprehensive multi-
year authorizations for the National Science Foundation, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Department of En-
ergy’s Office of Science. In addition to these authorizations, Divi-
sion B includes authorizations for a Regional Innovation and Tech-
nology Hub Program (Department of Commerce), ocean acidifica-
tion programs (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
and applied energy programs at the Department of Energy. Divi-
sion B also includes several major policy provisions relating to
broadening participation in science and combating sexual harass-
ment in science.
Division B contains a number of provisions the Science Com-
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mittee had previously marked up and/or considered on the House
floor. Science Committee legislation contained in P.L. 117–167 in-
cludes: H.R. 144, Supporting Early-Career Research Act, H.R. 204,
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STEM Opportunities Act, H.R. 210, Rural STEM Education Re-
search Act, H.R. 1447, COAST Research Act of 2021, H.R. 2027,
MSI STEM Achievement Act, H.R. 2225, National Science Founda-
tion for the Future Act, H.R. 2695, Combating Sexual Harassment
in Science Act, H.R. 3593, Department of Energy Science for the
Future Act, H.R. 3858, National Science and Technology Strategy
Act of 2021, H.R. 4521, Bioeconomy Research and Development Act
of 2021, H.R. 4588, Regional Innovation Act of 2021, H.R. 4599,
SUPER Act of 2021, H.R. 4606, Energizing Technology Transfer
Act, H.R. 4609, National Institute of Standards and Technology for
the Future Act of 2021, H.R. 4819, National Nuclear University Re-
search Infrastructure Reinvestment Act of 2021, and, H.R. 6291,
Micro Act.
Division C provides supplemental funding for Supreme Court se-
curity.
Legislative History
H.R. 4521, the Bioeconomy Research and Development Act of
2021, was introduced by Eddie Bernice Johnson on July 19, 2021,
and referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology,
and in addition to the Committees on Agriculture and Energy and
Commerce. On January 28, 2022, the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology reported the bill to the House (H.R. 117–235).
H.R. 4521 was then used as the vehicle for the America COM-
PETES Act of 2022. On February 4, 2022, the House passed H.R.
4521 by a record vote of Y–222 and N–210.
On March 28, 2022, the Senate amended H.R. 4521 with the text
of S. 1260, the United States Innovation and Competition Act of
2021, and the amended bill passed by a recorded vote of Y–68 and
N–28.
On March 30, 2022, Ms. Haley Stevens moved that the House
disagree to the Senate amendment to H.R. 4521 and request a con-
ference, and the motion was agreed to by unanimous consent. On
April 28, 2022, the Senate agreed to a motion to insist on the Sen-
ate amendment to H.R. 4521 and go to conference by a record vote
of Y–67 and N–27.
On May 12, 2022, the conference committee for H.R. 4521 met
for the first time. There were no further official meetings of the
conference committee. In late July 2022, the respective leaders of
the House and Senate decided to move forward with provisions of
the H.R. 4521 relating to semiconductors and science, and to use
a different legislative vehicle for this purpose: H.R. 4346, the Su-
preme Court Security Funding Act of 2022.
On July 27, 2022, the Senate concurred in the House amendment
to the Senate amendment to H.R. 4346 with an amendment by a
record vote of Y–64 and N–33.
On July 28, 2022, the House agreed to the Senate amendment
to the House amendment to the Senate amendment by a record
vote of Y–243, N–187, and Present–1.
On August 9, 2022, H.R. 4346 was signed by the President and
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became Public Law 117–167.
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1.5 P.L. 117–169, Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
Purpose
The purpose of P.L. 117–169 is to alter tax policy, make Federal
investments, and reduce the deficit, among other things.
Provisions relevant to the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology focus on investments at the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration and the Department of Energy. Section
40004 invests $490 million in forecasting research and systems, cli-
mate research and services, computing capacity, and hurricane
hunters at NOAA. Section 50172 invests $2 billion in national lab-
oratory infrastructure at DOE. Section 50176 invests $700 million
in research, development, demonstration, and deployment activities
related to High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium.
Legislative History
H.R. 5376, the Inflation Reduction Act, was legislation that was
considered pursuant to budget reconciliation procedures established
by the Budget Act. This process was initiated with S. Con. Res. 14,
A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for
the United State Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting for
the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through
2031. S. Con. Res. 14 was introduced in the Senate on August 9,
2021. On August 9, 2021, the Senate Committee on the Budget dis-
charged the resolution pursuant. On August 11, 2021, S. Con. Res
14 passed the Senate by a record vote of Y–50 and N–49. On Au-
gust 24, 2021, S. Con Res. 14 passed the House pursuant to the
provisions of H. Res. 601, which passed the House on August 24,
2021, by a record vote of Y–220 and N–212.
On September 9, 2021, the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology met to consider a Committee Print to comply with the
reconciliation directive included in section 2002 of the concurrent
resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2022, S. Con. Res. 14. The
Committee favorably reported the Committee Print to the Budget
Committee by a recorded vote of Y–21 and N–17.
H.R. 5376 was introduced on September 27, 2021, by Budget
Committee Chairman John A. Yarmuth.
On November 19, 2021, the House considered H.R. 5376 and the
bill passed by a record vote of Y–220 and N–213.
On August 7, 2022, the Senate considered and passed H.R. 5376
by a record vote of Y–51 and N–50.
On August 12, 2022, the House considered and passed H.R. 5376
by a record vote of Y–220 and N–207.
On August 16, 2022 H.R. 5376 was signed by the President and
became Public Law 117–169.
1.6 P.L. 117–81, National Defense Authorization Act For Fiscal
Year 2022
Purpose
The purpose of the National Defense Authorization Act For Fis-
cal Year 2022 is to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2022 for
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military activities of the Department of Defense, for military con-
struction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy,
to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and
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for other purposes. In addition, the bill contained items in the
Committee on Science’s jurisdiction.
Legislative History
On July 2, 2021, Representative Adam Smith introduced H.R.
4350, the National Defense Authorization Act For Fiscal Year 2022.
On September 21, 2021 H.R. 6395 was considered under the pro-
visions of rule H. Res. 667, and on September 23, 2021 the amend-
ed bill passed the House by a record vote 316–113.
On May 13, 2021 Senator Rick Scott introduced S. 1605, which
was referred to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Re-
sources, was discharged from Committee by unanimous consent
and passed the Senate without Amendment by unanimous consent.
By July 20, 2021 the seven subcommittees of the Senate Armed
Services Committee marked up draft legislative proposals with rec-
ommendations for matters in the Fiscal Year 2022 NDAA. On July
21, 2021 the full Senate Armed Services Committee considered the
legislation in a closed session and voted 23–3 to order an original
bill reflecting changes agreed to in markup. On September 22, 2021
the Senate Armed Services Committee reported S. 2792, introduced
by Senator Jack Reed and filed the report. On November 19, Sen-
ator Jack Reed offered on the floor an amendment in the nature
of a substitute to H.R. 4350 to replace the text of the House-passed
legislation with S. 2792. The Senate failed to agree to end debate
on the amendment and cloture failed to be invoked by a vote of 45–
51.
On December 7, the House and Senate Armed Services Commit-
tees released a bicameral negotiated text that the two committees
had reached an agreement on. The agreement text was filed as an
amendment to S.1605 under consideration in the House. Then S.
1605 was considered under the provisions of H.Res. 838, and the
amended bill passed the House by a record vote 363–70. On Decem-
ber 15, the Senate agreed to the House amendment to S. 1605 by
a record vote 88–11.
On December 27, 2021 S.1607 was signed by the President and
became Public Law 117–81.
1.7 P.L. 117–248, PFAS Act
Purpose
The purpose of P.L. 117–28 is to require the Department of
Homeland Security to develop guidance and curriculum for fire-
fighters and other emergency response personnel on how to prevent
exposure and release of PFAS.
Legislative History
S. 231, PFAS Act, was introduced by Senator Gary Peters on
February 4, 2021. On July 29, 2021, the Senate considered and
passed S. 231 by unanimous consent.
On December 1, 2022, the House considered and passed S. 231
under suspension of the rules by a record vote of Y–400 and N–22.
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On December 20, 2022, S. 231 was signed by the President and
became Public Law 117–248.
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1.8 P.L. 117–263, James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization
Act for Fiscal Year 2023
Purpose
The purpose of the National Defense Authorization Act For Fis-
cal Year 2023 is to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 20234
for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military
construction, and for defense activities of the Department of En-
ergy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year,
and for other purposes. In addition, the bill contained items in the
Committee on Science’s jurisdiction related to research and devel-
opment on distributed ledger technology, artic research budgets, fi-
nancial assistance for test bed construction, acquisition of hurri-
cane hunter aircraft, ocean exploration, and other items.
Legislative History
H.R. 7900, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
year 2023 , was introduced by Representative Adam Smith on May
27, 2022. On July 14, 2022, the House considered and passed H.R.
7900 by a record vote of Y–329 and N–101.
On December 8, 2022, the House passed H. Res. 1512 under sus-
pension of the rules by a record vote of Y–350 and N–80. Pursuant
to that resolution, the text of H.R. 7776 was amended with the ne-
gotiated text of H.R. 7900 and passed the House.
On December 15, 2022, the Senate passed the House amendment
to the Senate amendment to H.R. 7776 by a record vote of Y–83
and N–11.
On December 23, 2022, H.R. 7776 was signed by the President
and became Public Law 117–263.
1.9 P.L. 117–246, Empowering the U.S. Fire Administration Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 7077 is to authorize the U.S. Fire Adminis-
tration to conduct on-site investigations of fires, in coordination
and cooperation with appropriate federal, state, and local authori-
ties and issues reports on such investigations.
Legislative History
H.R. 7077, the Empowering the U.S. Fire Administration Act,
was introduced by Representative Torres on March 15, 2022. On,
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology marked up the
bill ordered the bill reported favorably by voice vote.
On May 11, 2022, the House considered and passed H.R. 7077
under suspension of the rules by a record vote of Y–379 and N–37.
On December 6, 2022, the Senate considered and passed H.R.
7077, with an amendment, by unanimous consent.
On December 14, 2022, the House considered and passed H.R.
7077 under suspension of the rules by a record vote of Y–349 and
N–80.
On December 20, 2022, H.R. 7077 was signed by the President
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and became Public Law 117–246.
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1.10 P.L. 117–316, FLOODS Act
Purpose
The purpose of S. 558 is to direct the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration to establish a National Integrated Flood
Information System to coordinate and integrate flood research, and
other purposes.
Legislative History
S. 558, the FLOODS Act, was introduced by Senator Roger
Wicker on March 3, 2021. On September 30, 2021, the Senate con-
sidered and passed S. 558 by unanimous consent.
On December 14, 2022, the House considered and passed S. 558
under suspension of the rules by a record vote of Y–349 and N–80.
On December 27, 2022, S. 558 was signed by the President and
became Public Law 117–316.
1.11 P.L. 117–229, PRECIP Act
Purpose
The purpose of P.L. 117–229 is to direct the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to support a study to un-
derstand best practices to support precipitation estimation, to regu-
larly update out-of-date precipitation data in the U.S., and author-
ize funding for the study and for the precipitation estimates out-
lined in the bill.
The Act also contains continuing funding for the federal govern-
ment for one week.
Legislative History
H.R. 1437, PRECIP Act, was introduced by Representative Mikie
Sherrill on February 26, 2021. On November 16, 2021, the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology met to markup H.R.
1437, and it was favorably reported to the House with an amend-
ment. On May 2, 2022, the House considered and passed H.R. 1437
under suspension of the rules by a record vote of Y–333 and N–81.
On November 17, 2022, the Senate passed an amended H.R.
1437 by unanimous consent.
On December 14, 2022, the House considered and passed H.R.
1437 (amended to include a continuous resolution for government
funding) by a record vote of Y–224 and N–201.
On December 15, 2022, the Senate agreed to the House amend-
ment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 1437 by a record vote of
Y–71 and N–19.
On December 16, 2022, H.R. 1437 was signed by the President
and became Public Law 117–229.
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Chapter II: Other Committee Legislation (bold in-
dicates bills primarily referred to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology)
2.1 H.R. 1, For the People Act of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 1 is to expand Americans’ access to the bal-
lot box, reduce the influence of big money in politics, strengthen
ethics rules for public servants, and implement other anti-corrup-
tion measures.
Legislative History
On January 1, 2021, John P. Sarbanes introduced H.R. 1, which
was referred to the Committee on House Administration and in ad-
dition to the Committee on Intelligence (Permanent Select); Judici-
ary; Oversight and Reform; Science, Space, and Technology; Edu-
cation and Labor; Ways and Means; Financial Services; Ethics;
Homeland Security; and, Armed Services. H.R. 1 was reported from
the Committee on House Administration on March 2, 2021, and all
other committees were discharged of consideration of the bill. The
House considered H.R. 1 under the provisions of H. Res. 179 from
March 2–3 2021, and the bill passed the House by record vote of
220–210.
2.2 H.R. 144, Supporting Early-Career Research Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 144 is to forestall the loss of research talent
by establishing a temporary early career research fellowship pro-
gram.
Legislative History
Chairwoman Eddie Bernice Johnson introduced H.R. 144 on Jan-
uary 4, 2021, with Ranking Member Frank Lucas and the bill was
referred solely to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology. On February 25, 2021, the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology held a hearing entitled, Building Back the U.S. Re-
search Enterprise: COVID Impacts and Recovery. On March 9,
2021, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology met to con-
sider H.R. 144. The bill was ordered reported by voice vote. The
Committee reported the bill to the House on April 14, 2021. On
May 17 and 18, 2021, H.R. 144 was considered under suspension
of the rules, the yeas and nays were demanded, and passed the
House by record vote of 350–75
The text of H.R. 144 was also included in Division B, Title VI,
Subtitle A of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022.
From February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was consid-
ered under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February
4, 2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022 the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
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on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title VI, Subtitle A. This lan-
guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
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10
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.3 H.R. 204, STEM Opportunities Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 204 is to direct the Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy to carry out programs and activities
to ensure that Federal science agencies and institutions of higher
education receiving Federal research and development funding are
fully engaging their entire talent pool.
Legislative History
On May 9, 2019, the full Committee held a hearing entitled,
Achieving the Promise of a Diverse STEM Workforce. Chairwoman
Eddie Bernice Johnson introduced H.R. 204 on January 5, 2021,
with Ranking Member Frank Lucas and the bill was referred solely
to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. On May 17
and 18, 2021, H.R. 204 was considered under suspension of the
rules, the yeas and nays were demanded, and passed the House by
record vote of 350–75.
The text of H.R. 204 was also included in Division B, Title V,
Subtitle A of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022.
From February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was consid-
ered under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February
4, 2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022 the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title V, Subtitle A. This lan-
guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.4 H.R. 210, Rural STEM Education Research Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 210 is to coordinate Federal research and
development efforts focused on STEM education and workforce de-
velopment in rural areas, including the development and applica-
tion of new technologies to support and improve rural STEM edu-
cation.
Legislative History
On May 8, 2019, the Subcommittee on Research and Technology
held a hearing entitled, A Review of the National Science. On May
9, 2019, the full Committee held a hearing entitled, Achieving the
Promise of a Diverse STEM Workforce. Ranking Member Frank
Lucas introduced H.R. 210 on January 5, 2021, with Chairwoman
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Eddie Bernice Johnson and the bill was referred solely to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology. On May 17 and 18,
2021, H.R. 210 was considered under suspension of the rules, the
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11
yeas and nays were demanded, and passed the House by record
vote of 350–75.
The text of H.R. 210 was also included in Division B, Title V,
Subtitle B of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022.
From February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was consid-
ered under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February
4, 2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022 the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title V, Subtitle B. This lan-
guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.5 H.R. 847, Promoting Digital Privacy Technologies Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 847 is to support research on privacy en-
hancing technologies and promote responsible data use.
Legislative History
On March 11, 2020, the Subcommittee on Research and Tech-
nology held a hearing entitled, Reauthorization of the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology. Haley Stevens introduced
H.R. 847 on February 4, 2021, with Anthony Gonzalez and the bill
was referred solely to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology. On Wednesday, April 28, 2021, the Subcommittee on Re-
search and Technology held a hearing entitled, National Science
Foundation: Advancing Research for The Future of U.S. Innovation.
On September 28, 2021, the Investigations and Oversight Sub-
committee held a hearing entitled, The Disinformation Black Box:
Researching Social Media Data. On January 19, 2022, the Full
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R.
847. The bill was ordered to be reported favorably as amended by
voice vote. On March 3, 2022, the Committee reported the bill to
the House.
On May 10, 2022, H.R. 847 was considered under suspension of
the rules, the yeas and nays were demanded, and passed the House
by record vote of 401–19.
2.6 H.R. 1437, PRECIP Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 1437 is to amend the Weather Research and
Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 to direct the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration to provide comprehensive and reg-
ularly updated Federal precipitation information.
Legislative History
Mikie Sherrill introduced H.R. 1437 on February 26, 2021, with
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Deborah Ross and the bill was referred solely to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology. On April 21, 2021, the Sub-
committee on the Environment held a hearing titled Working To-
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12
wards Climate Equity: The Case for a Federal Climate Service. The
purpose of the hearing was to highlight the need for a strengthened
Federal role in climate risk information. On October 16, 2021, the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R.
1437 and ordered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to
the House by voice vote. On May 3, 2022, H.R. 1437 was reported
to the House. On May 10 and 11, 2022, H.R. 1437 was considered
under suspension of the rules, the yeas and nays were demanded,
and passed the House by record vote of 333–81. On May 12, 2022
the Senate Received the bill. On November 17, 2022 the Senate
passed the bill with an amendment by Unanimous Consent.
2.7 H.R. 1447, COAST Research Act of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 1447 is to amend the Federal Ocean Acidifi-
cation Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 to establish an Ocean
Acidification Advisory Board, to expand and improve the research
on Ocean Acidification and Coastal Acidification, to establish and
maintain a data archive system for Ocean Acidification data and
Coastal Acidification data.
Legislative History
On April 7, 2019, the Environment Subcommittee held a hearing
focused on climate change impacts on our nation’s oceans and
coasts, where ocean acidification was discussed as a major associ-
ated impact. Suzanne Bonamici introduced H.R. 1447 on March 1,
2021, with Don Young and the bill was referred solely to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology. On May 17 and 18,
2021, H.R. 1447 was considered under suspension of the rules, the
yeas and nays were demanded, and passed the House by record
vote of 350–75.
The text of H.R. 1447 was also included in Division B, Title VI,
Subtitle E of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022.
From February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was consid-
ered under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February
4, 2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022 the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title VI, Subtitle E. This lan-
guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.8 H.R. 1480, Helping Emergency Responders Overcome Act
of 2019
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 1480 is to require the Secretary of Health
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and Human Services to improve the detection, prevention, and
treatment of mental health issues among public safety officers.
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Legislative History
Ami Bera introduced H.R. 1480 on March 2, 2021, with Brian
Fitzpatrick. The bill was referred to the Committee on Energy and
Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology. After the Committee on Science, Space and Tech-
nology was consulted and the Committee on Energy and Commerce
made assurances that the Committee on Science, Space and Tech-
nology’s jurisdiction would not be diminished, prejudiced, or al-
tered, Chairwoman Johnson of the Committee on Science, Space
and Technology and Chairman Pallone of the Committee on Energy
and Commerce exchanged correspondence and the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology waived formal consideration of H.R.
1480. On May 11 and 12, 2021, H.R. 1480 was considered under
suspension of the rules, the yeas and nays were demanded, and
passed the House by record vote of 349–74.
2.9 H.R. 1850, Supporting Research and Development for
First Responders Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 1850 is to amend the Homeland Security Act
of 2002 relating to the National Urban Security Technology Lab-
oratory.
Legislative History
Representative Kathleen Rice introduced H.R. 1850 on March 11,
2021, with Andrew Garbarino. The bill was referred solely to the
Committee on Homeland Security. In the 116th Congress the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology claimed jurisdiction over
a version of H.R. 1850 and were consulted during its consideration.
In the 117th after seeing that H.R. 1850 was similar in form to the
version in the prior congress, Chairwoman Johnson did not insist
on a sequential referral on condition that the decision to forgo the
referral be a waiver, reduction, or altering of the jurisdiction of the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Chairman Thomp-
son of the Committee on Homeland Security agreed to these condi-
tions and the two Chairs exchanged correspondences on July 7 and
8 2021. On July 20, 2021, H.R. 1850 was considered under suspen-
sion of the rules, the yeas and nays were demanded, and passed
the House by record vote of 319–105.
2.10 H.R. 2027, MSI STEM Achievement
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 2027 is to direct Federal science agencies
and the Office of Science and Technology Policy to undertake ac-
tivities to improve the quality of undergraduate STEM education
and enhance the research capacity at the Nation’s HBCUs, TCUs,
and MSIs
Legislative History
On May 9, 2019, the full Committee held a hearing entitled,
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Achieving the Promise of a Diverse STEM Workforce. Chairwoman
Eddie Bernice Johnson introduced H.R. 2027 on March 18, 2021,
with Michael Waltz. The bill was referred solely to the Committee
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14
on Science, Space, and Technology. On May 17 and 18, 2021, H.R.
2027 was considered under suspension of the rules, the yeas and
nays were demanded, and passed the House by record vote of 350–
75.
The text of H.R. 2027 was also included in Division B, Title V,
Subtitle C of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022.
From February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was consid-
ered under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February
4, 2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022 the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title V, Subtitle C. This lan-
guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.11 H.R. 2225, National Science Foundation for the Future
Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 2225 is to authorize appropriations for fiscal
years 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, and 2026 for the National Science
Foundation.
Legislative History
Chairwoman Eddie Bernice Johnson introduced H.R. 2225 on
March 26, 2021 with Ranking Member Frank Lucas. The bill was
referred solely to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology. On April 15, 2021, the Science, Space, and Technology
Committee held a hearing entitled, Reimagining Our Innovation
Future. On April 28, 2021 and May 6, 2021, the Research and
Technology Subcommittee held a two-part hearing entitled, Na-
tional Science Foundation: Advancing Research for the Future of
U.S. Innovation. On May 13, 2021, the Research and Technology
Subcommittee met to consider H.R. 2225 and favorably forwarded
H.R. 2225 to the full committee. On June 15, 2021, the Full Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R.
2225 and ordered the bill as amended to be favorably reported to
the House by voice vote. On June 28, 2021, H.R. 2225 was reported
to the House and considered under suspension of the rules, the
yeas and nays were demanded, and passed the House by record
vote of 345–67.
The text of H.R. 2225 was also included in Division B, Title III
(Division B, Title VI, Subtitle D for Malign foreign talent recruit-
ment program) of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022.
From February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was consid-
ered under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February
4, 2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022 the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
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bers for consideration of Division B, Title III. This language was
taken out of conference negotiations and added as an amendment
by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science Act of 2022.
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15
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.12 H.R. 2533, NEAR Act of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 2533 is to provide for a study by the Na-
tional Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine examining
the impact of ocean acidification and other stressors in estuarine
environments.
Legislative History
On April 7, 2019, the Environment Subcommittee held a hearing
focused on climate change impacts on our nation’s oceans and
coasts, where ocean acidification was discussed as a major associ-
ated impact. The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology fa-
vorably reported an identical version of H.R. 2533 and passed the
bill on suspension in 116th Congress. Bill Posey introduced H.R.
2533 on April 14, 2021, with Suzanne Bonamici. The bill was re-
ferred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in
addition to the Committee on Natural Resources. On April 16, 2021
Chairman Raul Grijalva of the Committee on Natural Resources
and Chairwoman Johnson of the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology exchanged correspondence in which the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology acknowledge the Committee on
Natural Resource’s jurisdiction over provisions of the H.R. 2533
and Chairman Grijalva waived his Committee’s formal jurisdiction
for the purposes of consideration of this bill. On May 17 and 18,
2021, H.R. 2533 was considered under suspension of the rules, the
yeas and nays were demanded, and passed the House by record
vote of 350–75.
2.13 H.R. 2695, Combating Sexual Harassment in Science Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 2695 is to provide for research to better un-
derstand the causes and consequences of sexual harassment affect-
ing individuals in the scientific, technical, engineering, and mathe-
matics workforce and to examine policies to reduce the prevalence
and negative impact of such harassment.
Legislative History
On June 12, 2019 the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology held a hearing entitled Combating Sexual Harassment in
Science. Chairwoman Eddie Bernice Johnson introduced H.R. 2695
on April 20, 2021, with Ranking Member Frank Lucas. On May 17
and 18, 2021, H.R. 2695 was considered under suspension of the
rules, the yeas and nays were demanded, and passed the House by
record vote of 350–75.
The text of H.R. 2225 was also included in Division B, Title V,
Subtitle D of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022.
From February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was consid-
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ered under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February
4, 2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022 the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
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16
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title V, Subtitle D. This lan-
guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.14 H.R. 3228, National Coastal Resilience Data and
Services Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 3228 is to direct the Secretary of Commerce,
acting through the Administrator of the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, to improve science, data, and services
that enable sound decision making in response to coastal flood risk,
including impacts of sea level rise, storm events, changing Great
Lakes water levels, and land subsidence.
Legislative History
On May 13, 2021, H.R. 3228 was introduced by Nydia M.
Velázquez and referred to the Committee on Natural Resources,
and in addition to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology. H.R. 3228 was ordered to be reported as amended from the
Committee on Natural Resources by voice vote on January 19,
2022, and Chairwoman Johnson exchanged correspondence with
Chair Raúl Grijalva and discharged the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology of further consideration. The Committee on
Natural Resources met to consider H.R. 3228 and ordered the bill
to be favorably reported as amended to the House by voice vote.
2.15 H.R. 3482, National Center for the Advancement of
Aviation Act of 2022
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 3482 is to establish the National Center for
the Advancement of Aviation.
Legislative History
On May 25, 2021, H.R. 3482 was introduced by André Carson
and referred solely to the Committee on Transportation and Infra-
structure. On July 20, 2021, the Subcommittee held a hearing ti-
tled Bridging the Gap: Improving Diversity and Inclusion in the
U.S. Aviation Workforce. On July 23, 2021, Chairwoman Johnson
wrote to Speaker of the House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi
making a claim to a sequential referral for the Committee on
Science, Space and Technology. The Committee on Transportation
and Infrastructure met to consider the bill on April 28, 2022, and
ordered the bill to be reported to the House, as amended, by voice
vote. On September 27, 2022, Chairwoman Johnson exchanged cor-
respondence with Chairman DeFazio acknowledging the Committee
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on Science, Space, and Technology’s jurisdiction over provisions of
H.R. 3482 and Chairwoman Johnson foregoing consideration. On
September 28, 2022, H.R. 3482 was reported and then was consid-
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17
ered under suspension of the rules, the yeas and nays were de-
manded, and passed the House by record vote of 369–56.
2.16 H.R. 3588, Mathematical and Statistical Modeling
Education Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 3588 is to coordinate Federal research and
development efforts focused on modernizing mathematics in STEM
education through mathematical and statistical modeling, including
data-driven and computational thinking, problem, project, and per-
formance-based learning and assessment, interdisciplinary explo-
ration, and career connections.
Legislative History
On May 28, 2021, H.R. 3588 was introduced by Chrissy
Houlahan, James Baird, and Jerry McNerney, and referred solely
to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. On April 28,
2021, and May 6, 2021, the Subcommittee on Research and Tech-
nology held a two-part hearing to discuss opportunities and chal-
lenges for leveraging and expanding the National Science Founda-
tion mission to continue to advance excellent research; improve
STEM education and research training; increase research accessi-
bility, and accountability; and accelerate research to address major
societal challenges. On April 5, 2022, the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 3588. No amendments
to the bill text were offered and the Committee ordered the bill to
be favorably reported to the House by voice vote. On June 14, 2022,
H.R. 3588 was reported to the House. On July 26, 2022, H.R. 3588
was considered under suspension of the rules, the yeas and nays
were demanded, and passed the House by record vote of 323–92.
2.17 H.R. 3593, Department of Energy Science for the Future
Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 3593 is to provide guidance for and invest-
ment in the research and development activities of this Depart-
ment of Energy Office and Science.
Legislative History
On January 15, 2020, in a hearing entitled The Department of
Energy’s Office of Science: Exploring the Next Frontiers in Energy
Research and Scientific Discovery, the Subcommittee on
Energyexamined the Office of Science as a whole and analyzed the
research and development activities and facilities supported by the
office—considering potential directions for its various programs. On
September 11th, 2020, the Subcommittee on Energy held a legisla-
tive hearing entitled Biological Research at the Department of En-
ergy: Leveraging DOE’s Unique Capabilities to Respond to the
COVID–19 Pandemic. On May 4, 2021, the Subcommittee on En-
ergy held a hearing, entitled Climate and Energy Science Research
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at the Department of Energy, that examined the Basic Energy
Sciences program as a whole and the Earth and Environmental
Systems Sciences Division within the Office of Science’s BES pro-
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18
gram. On May 19, 2021, in a hearing entitled Accelerating Dis-
covery: The Future of Scientific Computing at the Department of
Energy, the Subcommittee on Energy examined the scientific com-
puting capabilities stewarded by the Office of Science’s Advanced
Scientific Computing Research program, including its forthcoming
exascale systems, and the implications of these capabilities for
other scientific disciplines and their relevance to pressing societal
challenges. The full Committee held a legislative hearing on May
27, 2021 entitled Overview of the Science and Energy Research En-
terprise of the U.S. Department of Energy, that examined the re-
search, development, demonstration, and commercialization pro-
grams and activities carried out by DOE.
On May 28, 2021, Chairwoman Eddie Bernice Johnson intro-
duced H.R. 3593 with Ranking Member Frank Lucas, which was
solely referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology. On June 15, 2021, the full Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology met to consider H.R. 3593 and ordered the bill to
be favorably reported as amended to the House by voice vote. On
June 28, 2021, H.R. 3593 was reported to the House and consid-
ered under suspension of the rules, the yeas and nays were de-
manded, and passed the House by record vote of 351–68.
The text of H.R. 3593 was also included in Division B, Title I of
H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022. From February 2,
2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was considered under the pro-
visions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February 4, 2022 the bill
passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On April 7, 2022 the
Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology and included Committee members for con-
sideration of Division B, Title I. This language was taken out of
conference negotiations and added as an amendment by the Senate
to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.18 H.R. 3756, Department of Homeland Security Climate
Change Research Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 3756 is to amend the Homeland Security Act
of 2002 to require the Under Secretary for Science and Technology
of the Department of Homeland Security to research and evaluate
existing Federal research regarding approaches to mitigate climate
change on homeland security and to identify areas for further re-
search within the Department.
Legislative History
A version of H.R. 3756 was introduced in the 116th Congress
(H.R. 4737) and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
issued a jurisdictional claim letter on October 22, 2019. Subse-
quently, the Committees on Homeland Security and Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology worked cooperatively and as a re-
sult the Science Committee waived the claim to formal consider-
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ation. On June 8, 2021, H.R. 3756, introduced by Yvette Clark, was
solely referred to the Committee on Homeland Security. On Sep-
tember 14, 2022, the full Committee on Homeland Security met to
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19
consider H.R. 3756 and ordered the bill to be favorably reported to
the House by the Yeas and Nays: 19–14. On September 15, 2022,
the Committees on Homeland Security and Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology exchanged correspondence whereas the
Science Committee agreed to again waive formal consideration of
H.R. 3756 in light of a similar cooperation between committees.
2.19 H.R. 3858, National Science and Technology Strategy
Act of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 3858 is to establish a national science and
technology strategy and a quadrennial science and technology re-
view.
Legislative History
On April 15, 2021, the Science, Space, and Technology Com-
mittee held a hearing entitled, Reimagining Our Innovation Fu-
ture. The purpose of the hearing was to examine the current out-
look for U.S. leadership in science and technology and discuss how
new investments and new, inclusive models of partnership in
science and technology can be leveraged to ensure continued lead-
ership and address economic, security, environmental, public
health, and other societal challenges from the local to the global
level. On June 11, 2021, Michael Waltz introduced H.R. 3858 and
was solely referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology. On July 27, 2021, the full Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology met to consider H.R. 3858 and ordered the bill to
be favorably reported to the House by voice vote. There were no
amendments. On February 18, 2022, H.R. 3858 was reported to the
House.
The text of H.R. 3858 was also included in Division B, Title VI,
Subtitle B of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022.
From February 2, 2022, to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was consid-
ered under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February
4, 2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022, the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title VI, Subtitle B. This lan-
guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.20 H.R. 3952, NOAA Chief Scientist Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 3952 is to strengthen the role of the Chief
Scientist of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
in order to promote scientific integrity and advance the Adminis-
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tration’s world-class research and development portfolio.
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20
Legislative History
On June 16, 2021, Mikie Sherrill and Randy Feenstra introduced
H.R. 3952 and the bill was referred to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committee on Nat-
ural Resources. On September 23, 2021, the Subcommittee on the
Environment held a hearing titled Advancing Earth System Science
and Stewardship at NOAA. On April 5, 2022, the Full Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 3952 and
ordered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to the House
by voice vote. On May 24, 2022, Eddie Bernice Johnson and Chair-
man Raul Grijalva or the Committee on Natural Resources ex-
changed correspondence and in response to the Committees work-
ing cooperatively together on H.R. 3952 and in respect of the provi-
sions within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Natural Re-
sources, Chairman Grijalva waived further consideration of H.R.
3952. On June 16, 2022, H.R. 3952 was reported to the House. On
July 27, 2022, H.R. 3952 was considered under suspension of the
rules, the yeas and nays were demanded, and passed the House by
record vote of 336–90.
2.21 H.R. 4270, Abandoned Well Remediation Research and
Development Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 4270 is to amend the Energy Policy Act of
2005 to direct the Secretary of Energy to carry out a research, de-
velopment, and demonstration program with respect to abandoned
wells.
Legislative History
On May 27th, 2021, the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology held a hearing titled Overview of the Science and Energy Re-
search Enterprise of the U.S. Department of Energy, that examined
the research, development, demonstration, and commercialization
programs and activities carried out by the Department of Energy.
Conor Lamb introduced H.R. 4270 on June 30, 2021, with Steph-
anie Bice and the bill was referred solely to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology. On January 19, 2022, the Com-
mittee on Science, Space and Technology met to consider H.R. 4270
and ordered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to the
House by voice vote. On October 7, 2022, H.R. 4270 was reported
to the House.
2.22 H.R. 4521, Bioeconomy Research and Development Act
of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 4521 is to provide for a coordinated Federal
research initiative to ensure continued United States leadership in
engineering biology.
Legislative History
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On March 12, 2019, the Subcommittee on Research and Tech-
nology of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology held a
hearing to review the opportunities and challenges with new and
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21
emerging bioscience and biotechnologies with application in agri-
culture, energy, and manufacturing; to examine the role of the fed-
eral government in research and development and oversight of
such science and technologies; and to examine the status of U.S.
leadership in engineering biology. On April 15, 2021, the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology held a hearing entitled,
Reimagining Our Innovation Future. The purpose of the hearing
was to examine the current outlook for U.S. leadership in science
and technology and discuss how new investments and new models
of partnership in science and technology can be leveraged to ensure
continued leadership and address economic, security, environ-
mental, public health, and other societal challenges from the local
to the global level.
Chairwoman Eddie Bernice Johnson introduced H.R. 4521 on
June 19, 2021, with Ranking Member Frank Lucas and it was re-
ferred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, in ad-
dition to the Committee on Agriculture, and the Committee on En-
ergy and Commerce. On January 19, 2022, the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 4521 and or-
dered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to the House by
voice vote. On January 28, 2022, H.R. 4521 was reported to the
House and the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on
Energy and Commerce were discharged.
H. Res. 900, was reported out by the House Committee on Rules
on February 2, 2022. H.Res. 900 included an amendment in the na-
ture of a substitute consisting of the text of Rules Committee Print
117–31 and H.R 4521 became the America COMPETES Act of 2022
with text added to it from other bills. From February 2, 2022 to
February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was considered under the provisions
of the rule H. Res. 900, the text reported out of Committee was
moved to Division B, Title IV and on February 4, 2022 the bill
passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On March 28, 2022,
the Senate agreed to and passed H.R. 4521 with an amendment
that struck all House text and inserted the United States Innova-
tion and Competition Act of 2021. On April 4, 2022, the House re-
jected the Senate Amendment and requested a conference. On April
7, 2022, the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee members
for consideration of Division B, Title IV. On April 28, 2022, the
Senate insisted on its amendment and agreed to the House request
for a conference. The language of H.R. 4521 was taken out of con-
ference negotiations and added as an amendment by the Senate to
P.L. 117–80, the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.23 H.R. 4588, Regional Innovation Act of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 4588 is to amend the Stevenson-Wydler
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Technology Innovation Act of 1980 to establish a regional tech-
nology and innovation hub program.
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Legislative History
On July 17, 2020, the Subcommittee on Energy held a hearing
entitled, From Lab to Market: Accelerating our Progress toward
Economic Recovery and a Clean Energy Future. The purpose of the
hearing was to examine technology transfer activities at the De-
partment of Energy and their potential contributions to economic
recovery from the current COVID–19 pandemic, including regional
clean energy innovation initiatives. On April 15, 2021, the Science,
Space, and Technology Committee held a hearing entitled, Reimag-
ining Our Innovation Future. The purpose of the hearing was to ex-
amine the current outlook for U.S. leadership in science and tech-
nology and discuss how new investments and new, inclusive models
of partnership in science and technology can be leveraged to ensure
continued leadership and address economic, security, environ-
mental, public health, and other societal challenges from the local
to the global level. And on June 9, 2021, the Research and Tech-
nology Subcommittee held a hearing entitled, Building Regional In-
novation Economies. The purpose of this hearing is to explore the
role of the Department of Commerce, and particularly the Eco-
nomic Development Agency (EDA), in supporting the development
of regional innovation economies, and the opportunities for and
challenges to expanding this role, including in partnership with
Federal science agencies.
Susan Wild introduced H.R. 4588 on June 20, 2021, with James
Baird and it was solely referred to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology. On June 27, 2021, the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 4588 and or-
dered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to the House by
voice vote. On February 28, 2022, H.R. 4521 was reported to the
House.
The text of H.R. 4588 was also included in Division B, Title VI,
Subtitle C of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022.
From February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was consid-
ered under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February
4, 2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022, the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title VI, Subtitle C. This lan-
guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.24 H.R. 4599, SUPER Act of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 4599 is to strengthen and enhance the com-
petitiveness of American manufacturing through the research and
development of advanced technologies to reduce steelmaking emis-
sions.
Legislative History
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On March 26, 2019, the Research and Technology Subcommittee
and the Energy Subcommittee of the Committee on Science, Space,
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and Technology held a joint hearing to examine ways to substan-
tially lower greenhouse gas emissions in the manufacturing sector
through both federal investment and public-private partnerships.
On June 19, 2019, the Energy Subcommittee of the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology held a hearing to examine the De-
partment of Energy’s fossil energy research and development ac-
tivities.
Anthony Gonzalez introduced H.R. 4599 on July 21, 2021, with
Conor Lamb and it was referred solely to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology. On July 27, 2021, the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 4599 and
ordered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to the House
by voice vote. On January 18, 2022, H.R. 4599 was reported to the
House.
The text of H.R. 4599 was also included in Division B, Title VI,
Subtitle M of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022.
From February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was consid-
ered under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February
4, 2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022, the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title VI, Subtitle M. This lan-
guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.25 H.R. 4606, Energizing Technology Transfer Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 4606 is to establish programs and authori-
ties to facilitate the commercial application of clean energy and re-
lated technologies in the United States.
Legislative History
On July 17, 2020, the Subcommittee on Energy held a legislative
hearing entitled From Lab to Market: Accelerating our Progress To-
ward Economic Recovery and a Clean Energy Future. The hearing
discussed how the draft Energizing Technology Transfer Act would
authorize a series of activities for DOE to support and administer
programs to accelerate the commercialization of clean energy and
other technologies relevant to the mission of the Department of En-
ergy, including those developed at the national laboratories, and to
modernize the management and administration of demonstration
projects and prize competitions, among other activities.
Debra Ross introduced H.R. 4606 on July 21, 2021 with Peter
Meijer and the bill was solely referred to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology. On July 27, 2021, the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 4606 and
ordered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to the House
by voice vote. On August 19, 2022, H.R. 4606 was reported to the
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House.
The text of H.R. 4606 was also included in Division B, Title VI,
Subtitle J of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022. From
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24
February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was considered
under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February 4,
2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022, the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title VI, Subtitle J. This lan-
guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.26 H.R. 4609, National Institute of Standards and
Technology for the Future Act of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 4609 is to reauthorize the National Institute
of standards and Technology.
Legislative History
On March 11, 2020, the Subcommittee on Research and Tech-
nology held a hearing entitled, Reauthorization of the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology. The purpose of the hearing
was to explore the major areas of research under the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology laboratory programs, the
agency’s role in working with industry to advance U.S. competitive-
ness, and key facilities construction and maintenance issues on the
NIST campuses in Maryland and Colorado.
On April 15, 2021, the Science, Space, and Technology Com-
mittee held a hearing entitled, Reimagining Our Innovation Fu-
ture. The purpose of the hearing was to examine the current out-
look for U.S. leadership in science and technology and discuss how
new investments and new, inclusive models of partnership in
science and technology can be leveraged to ensure continued lead-
ership and address economic, security, environmental, public
health, and other societal challenges from the local to the global
level.
On May 25, 2021, the Investigations and Oversight Sub-
committee held a joint hearing with the Research and Technology
Subcommittee entitled, SolarWinds and Beyond: Improving the Cy-
bersecurity of Software Supply Chains. The purpose of the hearing
was to examine the causes and impacts of recent supply chain at-
tacks on Federal Agencies, explore how Federal Agencies currently
mitigate their software supply chain risks, and consider how best
to improve software supply chain security.
On June 9, 2021 the Research and Technology Subcommittee
held a hearing entitled, Building Regional Innovation Economies.
The purpose of this hearing was to explore the role of the Depart-
ment of Commerce, including NIST’s extramural manufacturing
programs, in supporting the development of regional innovation
economies, and the opportunities for and challenges to expanding
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this role, including in partnership with Federal science agencies.
On July 20, 2021 the full Committee held a hearing entitled,
Spectrum Needs for Observational Earth and Space Science. The
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25
hearing examined research and development efforts to examine
spectral interference, including work at NIST.
Haley Stevens introduced H.R. 4609 on July 21, 2021, with Mi-
chael Waltz and was referred solely to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology. On July 27, 2021, the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 4609 and or-
dered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to the House by
voice vote. On February 18, 2022, H.R. 4609 was reported to the
House.
The text of H.R. 4609 was also included in Division B, Title II
of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022. From February
2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was considered under the
provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February 4, 2022 the bill
passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On April 7, 2022 the
Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology and included Committee members for con-
sideration of Division B, Title II. This language was taken out of
conference negotiations and added as an amendment by the Senate
to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.27 H.R. 4819, National Nuclear University Research
Infrastructure Reinvestment Act of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 4819 is to require the Secretary of Energy
to revitalize existing university infrastructure relating to nuclear
science and engineering and establish new university-based nuclear
science and engineering facilities.
Legislative History
Anthony Gonzalez introduced H.R. 4819 on July 29, 2021, with
Bill Foster and the bill was referred solely to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology. On October 21, 2021, the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology held a hearing entitled
Judicious Spending to Enable Success at the Office of Nuclear En-
ergy to examine nuclear energy research and development activities
at the Department of Energy. On January 19, 2022, the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 4819 and
ordered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to the House
by voice vote. On September 14, 2022, H.R. 4819 was reported to
the House.
The text of H.R. 4819 was also included in Division B, Title VI,
Subtitle L of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022. From
February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was considered
under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February 4,
2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022 the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title VI, Subtitle L. This lan-
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guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
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26
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.28 H.R. 5324, NWR Modernization Act of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 5324 is to provide guidance for and invest-
ment in the upgrade and modernization of the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration Weather Radio All Hazards net-
work.
Legislative History
Stephanie Bice introduced H.R. 5324 on September 22, 2021,
with Mikie Sherrill and was referred solely to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology. On September 23, 2021, the Sub-
committee on the Environment held a hearing titled Advancing
Earth System Science and Stewardship at NOAA. On October 14,
2021 the full committee on Science, Space, and Technology held a
hearing titled The Future of Forecasting: Building a Weather-Ready
Nation on All Fronts.
On October 16, 2021, the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology met to consider H.R. 5324 and ordered the bill to be fa-
vorably reported as amended to the House by voice vote. On March
6, 2022, H.R. 5324 was reported to the House. On May 10 and 11,
2022, H.R. 5324 was considered under suspension of the rules, the
yeas and nays were demanded, and passed the House by record
vote of 397–20. H.R. 5324 was received in the Senate and referred
to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
2.29 H.R. 5746, NASA Enhanced Use Leasing Extension Act
of 2021
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 5746 is to amend title 51, United States
Code, to extend the authority of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration to enter into leases of non-excess property of
the Administration.
Legislative History
Don Beyer introduced H.R. 5746 on October 27, 2021, with Brian
Babin and was referred solely to the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology. On December 8, 2021, H.R. 5746 was considered
under suspension of the rules, and the bill passed the House by
voice vote. The Senate received H.R. 5746 and passed it with an
amendment. The House received H.R 5746, and under H. Res. 868,
the text of H.R 5746 was replaced by an amendment with the text
of rule Committee Print 117–28, The Freedom to Vote: John R.
Lewis Act. On January 13, 2022, H.R. 5746 was considered under
the provisions of the rule H. Res. 868 and the House agreed with
an amendment to the Senate amendment by a record vote of 220–
203. The Senate failed to invoke cloture on the motion to concur
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with the House amendment.
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2.30 H.R. 6291, Micro Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 6291 is to provide for a comprehensive and
integrative program to accelerate microelectronics research and de-
velopment at the Department of Energy.
Legislative History
On Thursday, December 2, 2021, the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology held a hearing entitled Ensuring American
Leadership in Microelectronics to examine the status of U.S. leader-
ship in advanced microelectronics development and manufacturing,
to discuss how new investments and partnership models can sup-
port continued U.S. leadership, and to explore the role of the fed-
eral government in supporting domestic microelectronics innovation
and manufacturing throughout the supply chain.
Paul Tonko introduced H.R. 6291 on December 14, 2021, with
Jake Ellzey and was referred solely to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology. On January 19, 2022, the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 6291 and or-
dered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to the House by
voice vote. On August 19, 2022, H.R. 46291 was reported to the
House.
The text of H.R. 6291 was also included in Division B, Title VI,
Subtitle K of H.R 4521, the America COMPETES Act of 2022.
From February 2, 2022 to February 4, 2022, H.R. 4521 was consid-
ered under the provisions of the rule H. Res. 900 and on February
4, 2022 the bill passed the House by a record vote of 222–210. On
April 7, 2022 the Speaker appointed conferees from the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology and included Committee mem-
bers for consideration of Division B, Title VI, Subtitle K. This lan-
guage was taken out of conference negotiations and added as an
amendment by the Senate to P.L. 117–80, the Chips and Science
Act of 2022.
For further information regarding the legislative history of P.L.
117–80, please refer to entry 1.xx in Chapter 1.
2.31 H.R. 6845, Commercial Remote Sensing Amendment Act
of 2022
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 6845 is to provide for transparent licensing
of commercial remote sensing systems.
Legislative History
On May 18, 2021, the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology held a hearing entitled NASA’s Earth Science and Climate
Change Activities: Current Roles and Future Opportunities. Rank-
ing Member Frank Lucas introduced H.R. 6845 on February 24,
2022, with Ed Perlmutter and it was referred solely to the Com-
mittee on Science, Space, and Technology. On April 5, 2022, the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R.
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6845 and ordered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to
the House by voice vote. On July 1, 2022, H.R. 6845 was reported
to the House. On July 26, 2022, H.R. 6845 was considered under
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28
suspension of the rules, and the bill passed the House by voice
vote. The Senate received and referred to the Committee on Com-
merce, Science, and Transportation on July 28, 2022.
2.32 H.R. 6933, Cost-Share Accountability Act of 2022
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 6933 is to amend the Energy Policy Act of
2005 to require reporting relating to certain cost-share require-
ments.
Legislative History
On October 21, 2021, the Investigations and Oversight Sub-
committee and the Energy Subcommittee of the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology Committee held a joint hearing en-
titled, Judicious Spending to Enable Success at the Office of Nu-
clear Energy, to review several large financial assistance awards
made by the Department’s Office of Nuclear Energy.
Jay Obernolte introduced H.R. 6933 on March 3, 2022, with Bill
Foster and it was referred solely to the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology. On April 5, 2022, the Full Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 3952 and or-
dered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to the House by
voice vote. On June 14, 2022, H.R. 6933 was reported to the House.
On July 26 and 27, 2022, H.R. 3952 was considered under suspen-
sion of the rules, the yeas and nays were demanded, and passed
the House by record vote of 336–90. The Senate received H.R. 6933
and referred it to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
on July 28, 2022.
2.33 H.R. 7180, Brycen Gray and Ben Price COVID–19
Cognitive Research Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 7180 is to authorize the Director of the Na-
tional Science Foundation to award grants to support research on
the disruption of regular cognitive processes associated with
COVID–19 infection.
Legislative History
Anthony Gonzalez introduced H.R. 7180 on March 21, 2022, with
Susan Wild and Adam Kinzinger, and the bill was referred solely
to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. On May 17,
2022, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology met to con-
sider H.R. 7180 and ordered the bill to be favorably reported to the
House by voice vote. No amendments to H.R. 7180 were offered. On
June 15, 2022, H.R. 7180 was reported to the House. On July 26,
2022, H.R. 7180 was considered under suspension of the rules, the
yeas and nays were demanded, and passed the House by record
vote of 350–69. The Senate received H.R. 7180 and referred it to
the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.
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2.34 H.R. 7289, Federal PFAS Research Evaluation Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 7289 is to provide for the National Acad-
emies to study and report on a federal research agenda to advance
the understanding of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances,
commonly referred to as PFAS.
Legislative History
On December 7, 2021, the Subcommittees on Environment and
Research and Technology held a joint hearing titled Forever Chemi-
cals: Research and Development for Addressing the PFAS Problem.
Lizzie Fletcher introduced H.R. 7289 on March 30, 2022, with
Peter Meijer, and the bill was referred solely to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology. On May 17, 2022, the Committee
on Science, Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 7289 and
ordered the bill to be favorably reported as amended to the House
by voice vote. On July 13, 2022, H.R. 7289 was reported to the
House. On July 26, 2022, H.R. 7289 was considered under suspen-
sion of the rules, the yeas and nays were demanded, and passed
the House by record vote of 359–62. The Senate received H.R. 7289
and referred it to the Committee on Environment and Public
Works.
2.35 H.R. 7361, National Weather Service Communications
Improvement Act
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 7361 is to upgrade the communications serv-
ice used by the National Weather Service.
Legislative History
On October 14, 2021, the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology held a hearing titled The Future of Forecasting: Build-
ing a Weather-Ready Nation on all Fronts. Randy Feenstra intro-
duced H.R. 7361 on April 1, 2022, with Cynthia Axne, and it was
referred solely to the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology. On May 17, 2022, the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology met to consider H.R. 7361 and ordered the bill be favor-
ably reported to the House by voice vote. No amendments to H.R.
7361 were offered. On June 14, 2022, H.R. 7361 was reported to
the House. On July 27, 2022, H.R. 7361 was considered under sus-
pension of the rules, the yeas and nays were demanded, and passed
the House by record vote of 336–90. The Senate received H.R. 7361
and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans-
portation on July 28, 2022.
2.36 H.R. 7569, Energy Cybersecurity University Leadership
Act of 2022
Purpose
The purpose of H.R. 7569 is to direct the Secretary of Energy to
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establish a program to provide financial assistance to graduate stu-
dents and postdoctoral researchers pursuing certain courses of
study relating to cybersecurity and energy infrastructure.
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Legislative History
On March 18, 2021, the Committee held a hearing entitled ‘‘Les-
sons Learned from the Texas Blackouts: Research Needs for a Se-
cure and Resilient Grid.’’ The purpose of the hearing was to under-
stand the causes of the extended power outages in Texas and other
southern and midwestern states during a severe winter storm in
February 2021 and to examine associated grid research and devel-
opment needs.
Deborah Ross introduced H.R. 7569 on April 25, 2022, with Mike
Carey and it was referred solely to the Committee on Science Space
and Technology. On May 17, 2022, the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology met to consider H.R. 7569 and ordered to
the bill to be favorably reported to the House by voice vote. No
amendments to H.R. 7569 were offered. On June 14, 2022, H.R.
7569 was reported to the House. On July 27, 2022, H.R. 7569 was
considered under suspension of the rules, the yeas and nays were
demanded, and passed the House by record vote of 336–90. The
Senate received H.R. 7569 and referred it to the Committee on En-
ergy and Natural Resources on July 28, 2022.
3.1 Hearings Before the Full Committee
(a) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–1
February 19, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: THE SCIENCE OF COVID–19 VACCINES AND
ENCOURAGING VACCINE UPTAKE
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss some of the processes
and research achievements that allowed for several safe and effec-
tive COVID–19 vaccines to be designed, manufactured, and distrib-
uted at a record pace. The Committee also considered how vaccine
hesitancy and impediments to access may affect the pace of our na-
tional recovery from COVID–19, strategies for increasing vaccine
uptake, and how scientists and vaccine developers are responding
to new variants of the virus.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Kathleen Neuzil of the University of Maryland School
of Medicine
• Dr. Philip Huang from the Dallas County Department of
Health and Human Services
• Mr. Keith Reed from the Oklahoma State Department of
Health
• Dr. Alison Buttenheim of the University of Pennsylvania
School of Nursing.
(b) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–2
February 25, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING—BUILDING BACK THE U.S. RESEARCH
ENTERPRISE: COVID IMPACTS AND RECOVERY
The purpose of this hearing was to assess the near- and long-
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term impacts of the COVID–19 health crisis on the U.S. science
and innovation enterprise. The Committee examined the steps
taken to mitigate the spread of the virus and the consequences for
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31
research production, the pipeline of STEM talent, and U.S. eco-
nomic competitiveness. The hearing was also an opportunity for
Members to explore what is needed to recover from these setbacks
and ensure the U.S. maintains its leadership role in science and in-
novation. This hearing was also an opportunity for the Committee
to hear testimony on the Research Investment to Spark the Econ-
omy (RISE) Act and the Supporting Early-Career Researchers Act.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Sudip Parikh, Chief Executive Officer, American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science
• Dr. Christopher Keane, Vice President for Research, Wash-
ington State University
• Dr. Felice J. Levine, Executive Director, American Edu-
cational Research Association
• Mr. Thomas Quaadman, Executive Vice President, Center
for Capital Markets Competitiveness, U.S. Chamber of Com-
merce
(c) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–3
Friday, March 12, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: THE SCIENCE BEHIND IMPACTS OF THE
CLIMATE CRISIS
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the importance of
science in understanding the impacts of the climate crisis, as well
as how climate change is already impacting the U.S. on regional
and local scales, including the record-setting 2020 wildfire and At-
lantic hurricane seasons and other recent climate disasters. This
included a discussion of the disproportionate impacts of climate
change on vulnerable communities. The Committee considered new
advancements in climate science and understanding, such as in ob-
servational and predictive capabilities and the ability to quantify
climate impacts and assess societal risk. This hearing was an op-
portunity to discuss the importance of science in advancing adapta-
tion and mitigation solutions.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Michael Oppenheimer, Albert G. Milbank Professor of
Geosciences and International Affairs, Princeton University
• Dr. Zeke Hausfather, Director of Climate and Energy, The
Breakthrough Institute
• Dr. Noah Diffenbaugh, Kara J. Foundation Professor, De-
partment of Earth System Science, Kimmelman Family Senior
Fellow, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford Univer-
sity
• Dr. Paula Bontempi, Dean, Graduate School of Oceanog-
raphy, Professor of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island
(d) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–5
March 18, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE TEXAS
BLACKOUTS: RESEARCH NEEDS FOR A SECURE AND RESILIENT GRID
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The purpose of the hearing was to understand what caused the
recent extended power outages in Texas and other southern and
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midwestern states during a severe winter storm over the second
weekend of February, and to examine associated grid research and
development needs. Witnesses and Members discussed grid secu-
rity research activities at the Department of Energy, including rel-
evant grid technology, energy generation technology, and cyberse-
curity research. The hearing also served as a legislative hearing for
a bill that was introduced in the 116th Congress and was expected
to be reintroduced in this Congress by Rep. Ami Bera, the
GridSecurity Research and Development Act (H.R. 5760 in the
116th Congress). That bill authorized an interagency research, de-
velopment, and demonstration program on electric grid and energy
system cybersecurity, physical security, resilience, and emergency
response.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Jesse Jenkins, Assistant Professor of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering, Andlinger Center for Energy and the
Environment at Princeton University
• Dr. Varun Rai, Associate Dean for Research; Professor of
Public Affairs, LBJ School of Public Affairs at the University
of Texas at Austin
• Mr. Juan Torres, Associate Laboratory Director, Energy
Systems Integration National Renewable Energy Laboratory
• Ms. Beth Garza, Senior Fellow, R Street Institute
• Dr. Sue Tierney, Senior Advisor, Analysis Group
(e) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–8
April 15, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING—REIMAGINING OUR INNOVATION FUTURE
The purpose of this hearing was to examine the current outlook
for U.S. leadership in science and technology and discuss how new
investments and new, inclusive models of partnership in science
and technology can be leveraged to ensure continued leadership
and address economic, security, environmental, public health, and
other societal challenges from the local to the global level.
Witnesses:
• Mr. Norm Augustine
• Dr. Frances H. Arnold, Linus Pauling Professor of Chem-
ical Engineering, Bioengineering and Biochemistry, California
Institute of Technology
• The Honorable Ernest J. Moniz, President and Chief Exec-
utive Officer, Energy Futures Initiative, and Former Secretary,
U.S. Department of Energy
• Dr. Farnam Jahanian, President, Carnegie Mellon Univer-
sity
(f) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–18
May 27, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: OVERVIEW OF THE SCIENCE AND ENERGY
RESEARCH ENTERPRISE OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
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The purpose of this hearing was to examine the research, devel-
opment, demonstration, and commercialization programs and ac-
tivities carried out by the Department of Energy (DOE). It also con-
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sidered the goals and impacts of the Department’s Fiscal Year 2022
discretionary budget request.
Witness:
The Honorable Jennifer Granholm, Secretary of Energy, U.S.
Department of Energy
(g) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–20
June 9, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING—BUILDING REGIONAL INNOVATION
ECONOMIES
The purpose of this hearing was to explore the role of the De-
partment of Commerce, and particularly the Economic Develop-
ment Agency (EDA), in supporting the development of regional in-
novation economies, and the opportunities for and challenges to ex-
panding this role, including in partnership with Federal science
agencies.
Witnesses:
• Mr. Dan Berglund, President and CEO, SSTI
• Professor Erica R.H. Fuchs, Department of Engineering
and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University
• Ms. Paula Nas, Director, Office of Economic Development,
University of Michigan-Flint
• The Honorable Elizabeth Hutt Pollard, Secretary of
Science and Innovation, State of Oklahoma
(h) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–21
June 23, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: A REVIEW OF THE PRESIDENT’S FISCAL
YEAR 2022 BUDGET PROPOSAL FOR NASA
The purpose of the hearing was to review the Administration’s
Fiscal Year (FY) 2022 budget request for the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA), and related issues.
Witness:
The Honorable Bill Nelson, Administrator, National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration
(i) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–23
Tuesday, June 29, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: THE STATE OF FEDERAL WILDLAND FIRE
SCIENCE: EXAMINING OPPORTUNITIES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH &
COORDINATION
The hearing provided an opportunity to discuss the current state
of wildland fire research, with a focus on how to improve under-
standing of on-the-ground conditions as well as how climate change
is impacting wildfire risk. The Committee also examined research
gaps and additional federal coordination, investment, and engage-
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ment needed to improve wildland fire prediction, management, and
post-fire response.
Witnesses:
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• Dr. Craig B. Clements, Professor of Meteorology and Direc-
tor of the Wildfire Interdisciplinary Research Center at San
José State University
• Dr. Jessica McCarty, Assistant Professor of Geography and
Director of the Geospatial Analysis Center at Miami University
• Mr. George Geissler, State Forester and Deputy for
Wildland Fire and Forest Health and Resiliency at the Wash-
ington Department of Natural Resources
• Fire Chief Erik Litzenberg (Ret.), Chair of the Wildland
Fire Policy Committee at the International Association of Fire
Chiefs
(j) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–26
July 20, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: SPECTRUM NEEDS FOR OBSERVATIONS IN
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES
The purpose of this hearing was to review the spectrum needs of
relevant science applications within the Committee’s purview and
consider threats of harmful interference in radio frequency bands
used for observations that support weather forecasting and moni-
toring, climate science, and astronomy. The Committee examined
remote sensing applications in the 23.6–24.0 GHz band (also called
the 23.8 GHz band), the potential for harmful interference from op-
erations in the adjacent 24.25–24.45 GHz band (commonly referred
to as the 24 GHz band) that was auctioned for new applications by
the Federal Communications Commission in 2019, and the con-
sequences of such interference, including degradation of weather
forecasting capabilities. Witnesses and Members discussed opportu-
nities to ensure the needs of incumbent federal users and stake-
holders in the scientific community are better accommodated in the
federal spectrum management process. The Committee also consid-
ered research and technology development needs to help anticipate,
evaluate, and mitigate harmful interference with spectrum used for
passive observation.
Witnesses:
• Mr. Andrew Von Ah of the U.S. Government Account-
ability Office
• Mr. David Lubar from The Aerospace Corporation
• Dr. Jordan Gerth from the University of Wisconsin-Madi-
son
• Mr. Bill Mahoney of the National Center for Atmospheric
Research
• Ms. Jennifer Manner from EchoStar Corporation and
Hughes Network Systems
(k) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–32
September 29, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: MEMBERS’ DAY HEARING: HOUSE
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY
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Witnesses:
• Representative Melanie Stansbury (D–NM)
• Representative Ed Case (D–HI)
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• Representative Anna Eshoo (D–CA)
• Representative Bill Posey
(l) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–34
Thursday, October 14, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: THE FUTURE OF FORECASTING: BUILDING
A WEATHER-READY NATION ON ALL FRONTS
The purpose of this hearing was to examine recent reforms, suc-
cesses, and modernization efforts at the National Weather Service
(NWS), how they support the goal of building a ‘‘weather-ready na-
tion,’’ and what these efforts mean for the NWS workforce. It was
also an opportunity to discuss the findings and recommendations of
several recent Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports on
these topics and the status of NWS implementation of the rec-
ommendations. Additionally, the hearing included a discussion of
the science and technology advancements needed to support fore-
casting improvements.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Louis Uccellini, Assistant Administrator for Weather
Services and Director of the National Weather Service (NWS),
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
• Mr. Cardell Johnson, Acting Director, Natural Resources
and Environment, U.S. GAO
• Mr. John Werner, President, National Weather Service
Employees Organization (NWSEO)
• Mr. Erik Salna, Associate Director for Education and Out-
reach, International Hurricane Research Center, Extreme
Events Institute, Florida International University
(m) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–40
December 2, 2021
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING—ENSURING AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN
MICROELECTRONICS
The purpose of this hearing was to examine the status of U.S.
leadership in advanced semiconductor development and manufac-
turing; to discuss how new investments and partnership models
can support continued U.S. leadership; and to explore the role of
the federal government in supporting domestic semiconductor inno-
vation and manufacturing throughout the supply chain.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Ann Kelleher, Executive Vice President and General
Manager of Technology Development, Intel Corporation
• Mr. Manish Bhatia, Executive Vice President, Global Op-
erations, Micron Technology, Inc.
• Dr. Michael Witherell, Director, Lawrence Berkeley Na-
tional Laboratory
• Dr. Mung Chiang, Executive Vice President and John A.
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Edwardson Dean, College of Engineering, Purdue University
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(n) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–43
February 8, 2022
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING—DATA CHALLENGES IMPACTING HUMAN
TRAFFICKING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANTI-TRAFFICKING
TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss scientific research and
technology development to counter human trafficking in the United
States, including trafficking for forced labor and sexual exploi-
tation. This hearing was an opportunity for experts to provide in-
formation related to current gaps in human trafficking research,
data analysis challenges, opportunities for technology development
to disrupt human trafficking networks, strengthening partnerships
between academia and practitioners, and challenges in translating
research into evidence-based anti-trafficking policy. The hearing
was also an opportunity to discuss legislation the Committee may
consider to support coordinated interagency research and tech-
nology development to prevent, measure, and disrupt trafficking in
persons.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Gretta Goodwin, Director, Homeland Security and Jus-
tice, U.S. Government Accountability Office
• Dr. Louise Shelley, Omer L. and Nancy Hirst Endowed
Chair and University Professor, Director, Terrorism,
Transnational Crime and Corruption Center, George Mason
University
• Ms. Theresa Harris, Interim Program Director, Scientific
Responsibility, Human Rights and Law Program, American As-
sociation for the Advancement of Science
• Ms. Hannah Darnton, Associate Director, Ethics, Human
Rights, and Technology, Business for Social Responsibility,
Secretariate of Tech Against Trafficking
(o) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–47
March 8, 2022
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: FEDERAL CLIMATE ADAPTATION AND
RESILIENCE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
The purpose of this hearing was to evaluate the Federal Govern-
ment’s vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, and to assess
the status of ongoing efforts to promote greater climate adaptation
and resilience throughout Federal programs, operations, and facili-
ties. The hearing explored the types of climate risks threatening
Federal agencies and the urgent need to address those risks in
order to protect Federal assets and investments. The hearing de-
tailed the climate challenges confronting NASA, DOE, and NOAA,
along with the adaptation and resilience strategies adopted by
those agencies to respond to them. Finally, the hearing discussed
potential opportunities to bolster Federal climate adaptation tools,
including enhanced interagency resilience collaboration and the in-
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corporation of accurate, up-to-date climate data into agency plan-
ning, implementation, and outreach.
Witnesses:
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• Dr. Richard Spinrad of the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration
• Ms. Ingrid Kolb of the U.S. Department of Energy
• Dr. Joel Carney of the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration
• Mr. Alfredo Gomez of the U.S. Government Accountability
Office.
(p) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–55
Thursday, April 28, 2022
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: NOW OR NEVER: THE URGENT NEED FOR
AMBITIOUS CLIMATE ACTION
This hearing provided an opportunity to examine the findings,
conclusions, and recommendations of the three Working Group
(WG) reports: WGI, ‘‘The Physical Science Basis’’; WGII, ‘‘Impacts,
Adaptation, and Vulnerability’’; and WGIII, ‘‘Mitigation of Climate
Change’’ which would comprise the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change’s Sixth Assessment Report. The Committee consid-
ered the urgent need for adaptive research and development while
meeting short- and long-term sustainable development goals. This
hearing examined diverse communities’ needs in order to rapidly
adapt to climate change and extreme weather events.
Witnesses:
• Ms. Ko Barrett, Vice-Chair, Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change; NOAA Senior Advisor for Climate
• Mr. Jeremy Harrell, Chief Strategy Officer, ClearPath
• Ms. Dominique M. David-Chavez, PhD, Assistant Professor
of Indigenous Natural Resource Stewardship, Colorado State
University
• Ms. Daniella Levine Cava, Mayor, Miami-Dade County,
Florida
(q) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–60
June 8, 2022
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: DETECTING AND QUANTIFYING METHANE
EMISSIONS FROM THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR
The purpose of this hearing was to assess the challenge of oil and
gas sector methane leaks from a scientific, technological, and pol-
icymaking perspective. The hearing discussed the current scientific
consensus regarding the role of methane leaks as a driver of oil
and gas sector methane emissions. The hearing highlighted recent
advances in innovative leak detection and repair technologies, as
well as the importance of deploying such technologies broadly
throughout oil and gas sector operations to achieve large-scale re-
ductions in methane emissions. Finally, the hearing examined re-
search gaps related to oil and gas sector methane emissions and
opportunities for the Federal government to support scientific re-
search activities pertaining to oil and gas sector methane leaks.
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Witnesses:
• Dr. David Lyon from the Environmental Defense Fund
• Mr. Riley Duren from Carbon Mapper
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• Dr. Brian Anderson from the National Energy Technology
Laboratory
• Dr. Greg Rieker from LongPath Technologies
(r) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–68
September 20, 2022
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: AMPLIFYING THE ARCTIC: STRENGTH-
ENING SCIENCE TO RESPOND TO A RAPIDLY CHANGING ARCTIC
This hearing discussed the Interagency Arctic Research Policy
Committee’s Arctic Research Plan 2022–2026, which was informed
by the U.S. Arctic Research Commission. The hearing explored
gaps in research and analysis, needed improvements to federal
science capabilities, research vessels and infrastructure, and bar-
riers to strengthening our response to local and global climate
change impacts, such as carbon and methane emissions released
from permafrost thaw. Additionally, we discussed gaps in Arctic
system monitoring, observing, modeling, and prediction efforts. Im-
portantly, we examined the role of traditional knowledge holders
and equitable practices in the coproduction of research, especially
in critical areas such as food security and biodiversity. Finally, the
hearing was an opportunity to discuss the impact of geopolitical
tensions on science diplomacy in the Arctic and challenges for fu-
ture international collaboration in key research including boreal
forest fires, sea ice melt and land ice loss, particularly the Green-
land Ice Sheet.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Larry Hinzman, Assistant Director of Polar Sciences,
White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and Exec-
utive Director, Interagency Arctic Research and Policy Com-
mittee
• Dr. Mike Sfraga, Chair, U.S. Arctic Research Commission
• Ms. Vera Kingeekuk Metcalf, Executive Director, Eskimo
Walrus Commission
• Dr. Susan Natali, Arctic Program Director, Woodwell Cli-
mate Research Center
(s) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–72
December 6, 2022
FULL COMMITTEE HEARING: BUILDING A SAFER ANTARCTIC RESEARCH
ENVIRONMENT
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the findings of a re-
cent report on sexual harassment and assault in Antarctica. The
hearing also examined the unique characteristics of remote re-
search sites, including those managed by contractors, changes that
have been made since the publication of the report, and additional
steps that must be taken to protect those conducting and sup-
porting the valuable research in Antarctica and other remote re-
search sites.
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Witnesses:
• Dr. Karen Marrongelle, Chief Operating Officer, National
Science Foundation
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• Ms. Kathleen Naeher, Chief Operating Officer of the Civil
Group, Leidos
• Dr. Angela V. Olinto, Dean of the Physical Sciences Divi-
sion and Albert A. Michelson Distinguished Service Professor,
University of Chicago
• Dr. Anne Kelly, Deputy Director, The Nature Conservancy
Alaska Chapter
3.2 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Energy
(a) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–7
March 25, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH FOR A
SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
The purpose of this hearing was to examine building technology
research and development needs to reduce building energy usage
and emissions. Witnesses and Members discussed building tech-
nology research, development, and demonstration activities at the
Department of Energy (DOE) including grid interactive buildings,
advanced building design, construction, and technologies such as
improved building envelopes, windows, and lighting with a focus on
the equitable distribution of the results of buildings research. New
structures as well as retrofitting existing buildings were discussed.
The hearing also examined ways that Congress and the Adminis-
tration should consider directing the activities of the DOE Building
Technologies Office (BTO). Legislative language to authorize and
support such activities passed the House of Representatives in the
116th Congress as part of H.R. 4447, the Clean Economy Jobs and
Innovation Act, but this language was not enacted.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Nora Esram, Senior Director for Research at American
Council for an Energy- Efficient Economy
• Dr. Roderick Jackson, Laboratory Program Manager for
Buildings Research at National Renewable Energy Laboratory
• Dr. James Tour, T.T. and W. F. Chao Professor of Chem-
istry at Rice University Ms. Jacqueline Patterson, Director of
the NAACP Environmental and Climate Justice Program
• Mr. Joseph Hagerman, Group Leader for Building Integra-
tion and Controls at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(b) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–12
May 4, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: CLIMATE AND ENERGY SCIENCE RESEARCH
AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
The Subcommittee’s hearing examined two major components of
the Department of Energy’s Office of Science: the Basic Energy
Sciences (BES) program as a whole and the Earth and Environ-
mental Systems Sciences Division within the Office of Science’s Bi-
ological and Environmental Research (BER) program. Within BES,
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the hearing focused on initiatives to advance material and chemical
sciences research for a broad range of energy applications. Climate
and environmental systems research and its importance to under-
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standing and reducing the threat of climate change were examined,
including the integration of socioeconomic factors. The hearing con-
sidered the expansion of access to user facilities, collaboration with
industry, and approaches to bridging knowledge gaps to solve our
nation’s most pressing energy needs. Finally, the hearing examined
ways that Congress and the Administration should consider direct-
ing the activities of these programs going forward.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Kristin Persson, Director, Molecular Foundry, Law-
rence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Dr. Fikile Brushett, Associate Professor of Chemical Engi-
neering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Dr. Esther Takeuchi, Chair, Interdisciplinary Science De-
partment, Brookhaven National Laboratory
• Dr. Xubin Zeng, Professor, Hydrology and Atmospheric
Sciences, The University of Arizona
• Dr. Narasimha Rao, Associate Professor of Energy Sys-
tems, Yale School of the Environment
(c) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–16
May 19, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: ACCELERATING DISCOVERY: THE FUTURE OF
SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
The purpose of this hearing was to explore the unique scientific
computing capabilities of the Department of Energy (DOE), includ-
ing the forthcoming exascale systems, and to discuss the implica-
tions of these capabilities for other scientific disciplines and their
relevance to pressing societal challenges. In addition, the Sub-
committee used the hearing to understand the role of DOE re-
search and workforce development programs in driving innovation
in scientific computing, especially in light of advancements in arti-
ficial intelligence, quantum science, neuromorphic computing, and
other new and emerging capabilities and computing paradigms.
The hearing examined ways in which Congress can contribute to
DOE’s scientific computing mission.
Witnesses:
• Dr. J. Stephen Binkley, Acting Director, Office of Science,
Department of Energy
• Dr. Georgia (Gina) Tourassi, Director, National Center for
Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
• Dr. Karen Willcox, Director, Oden Institute for Computa-
tional Sciences and Associate Vice President for Research, Uni-
versity of Texas at Austin
• Dr. Christopher Monroe, Co-Founder and Chief Scientist,
IonQ, Inc.
• Dr. Seny Kamara, Associate Professor of Computer
Science, Brown University
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(d) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–25
July 16, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: FOSTERING EQUITY IN ENERGY INNOVATION
The purpose of this hearing was to examine best practices in
clean energy research, development, demonstration, and commer-
cial application activities to pursue an equitable energy transition
for frontline and marginalized communities. Witnesses and mem-
bers discussed how to ingrain equity within early research proc-
esses to enable the development of equitable energy solutions. The
hearing also examined ways that Congress and the Administration
should consider directing the Department of Energy’s role in fos-
tering equity within the agency’s energy innovation activities and
programs.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Dan Kammen, Distinguished Professor of Energy, Uni-
versity of California, Berkeley
• Dr. Myles Lennon, Professor of Environment and Society
and Anthropology, Brown University
• Dr. Shobita Parthasarathy, Professor of Public Policy and
Director, Science, Technology, and Public Policy program, Uni-
versity of Michigan
• Mr. Bruno Grunau, Regional Director of NREL’s Cold Cli-
mate Housing Research Center (CCHRC) in Fairbanks, Alaska
(e) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–38
November 17, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: FOSTERING A NEW ERA OF FUSION ENERGY
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
The purpose of this hearing was to examine the current status
of fusion energy research and development (R&D) activities carried
out by the U.S. Department of Energy, the private sector, and
internationally. The hearing also considered next steps for Con-
gress and the Administration to take in response to recent reports
from the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee and the Na-
tional Academies that provide roadmaps for fusion energy R&D
and commercialization pathways over the next decade and beyond.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Troy Carter, Director, Plasma Science and Technology
Institute, University of California, Los Angeles and Chair, Fu-
sion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee Long Range Plan-
ning Subcommittee
• Dr. Tammy Ma, Program Element Leader for High Energy
Density Science, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
• Dr. Robert Mumgaard, CEO, Commonwealth Fusion Sys-
tems
• Dr. Kathryn McCarthy, Director, U.S. ITER Project Office
• Dr. Steven Cowley, Director, Princeton Plasma Physics
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Laboratory
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(f) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–45
February 17, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: H2SUCCESS: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
TO ADVANCE A CLEAN HYDROGEN FUTURE
The purpose of this hearing was to examine the state of hydrogen
research and development in the United States. Witnesses and
Members discussed hydrogen research, development, and dem-
onstration activities as they relate to the advancement of clean hy-
drogen, including production, storage, transportation, and utiliza-
tion. The role of hydrogen in the decarbonization of energy and in-
dustrial sectors, as well as opportunities and challenges for hydro-
gen deployment and utilization was also discussed. The hearing ex-
amined potential strategies for this Committee to direct the activi-
ties of the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
Technologies Office.
Witnesses:
• Mr. Keith Wipke, Laboratory Program Manager, Fuel Cell
and Hydrogen Technologies Program, National Renewable En-
ergy Laboratory
• Dr. Julio Friedmann, Chief Scientist and Head Carbon
Wrangler, Carbon Direct
• Ms. Rachel Fakhry, Senior Advocate, Climate and Clean
Energy Program, Natural Resources Defense Council
• Dr. Tomás Dı́az de la Rubia, Vice President for Research
and Partnerships, University of Oklahoma
• Mr. Sheldon Kimber, Chief Executive Officer and Co-
Founder, Intersect Power
(g) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–48
March 16, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: BIOENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
FOR THE FUELS AND CHEMICALS OF TOMORROW
The purpose of this hearing was to examine the status of bio-
energy research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) activi-
ties carried out by the U.S. Department of Energy. The hearing
also considered advancements in bioenergy research and the poten-
tial role of this resource in a cleaner energy transition. Lastly, the
hearing helped inform future legislation to support and guide the
U.S.’s bioenergy RD&D enterprise.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Jonathan Male, Chief Scientist for Energy Processes
and Materials, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
• Dr. Andrew Leakey, Director of the Center for Advanced
Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation at the University of Illi-
nois Urbana-Champaign
• Dr. Laurel Harmon, Vice President of Government Affairs,
LanzaTech
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• Dr. Eric Hegg, Professor, Biochemistry and Molecular Biol-
ogy, Michigan State University
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(h) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–54
April 27, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: SCIENCE AND ENERGY RESEARCH
INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
The purpose of this hearing was to examine the goals and im-
pacts of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Fiscal Year (FY)
2023 budget request, with a primary focus on budget planning and
management of construction of the DOE Office of Science’s (SC)
user facilities, experiments, and upgrades. There were additional
questioning about the research, development, demonstration, and
commercialization programs and activities carried out by DOE.
Witness:
Dr. Geraldine Richmond, Under Secretary for Science and
Innovation, U.S. Department of Energy
(i) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–61
Jun 22, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: INVESTIGATING THE NATURE OF MATTER,
ENERGY, SPACE, AND TIME
The Subcommittee’s hearing was to examine two major compo-
nents of the Department of Energy’s Office of Science: the High En-
ergy Physics (HEP) program and the Nuclear Physics (NP) pro-
gram. The Isotope Program and potential impacts and supply
shortages due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the development
of accelerator technology through the Accelerator R&D and Produc-
tion program were also discussed. The hearing focused on initia-
tives to advance foundational research on the nature of matter, en-
ergy, and the cosmos; the construction and operation of large-scale
experiments and unique user facilities; and the relevance of these
research areas to the development of accelerator technologies, iso-
tope production, and other applications. The centrality of these ac-
tivities to U.S. preeminence in particle and nuclear physics, and to
isotope research and supply, was also highlighted. Finally, the
hearing examined ways that Congress and the Administration
should consider directing the activities of these programs going for-
ward.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Asmeret Berhe, Director, Office of Science, Department
of Energy Professor Brian Greene, Director, Center for Theo-
retical Physics, Columbia University
• Dr. Lia Merminga, Director, Fermi National Accelerator
Laboratory
• Mr. Jim Yeck, Associate Laboratory Director and Project
Director, Electron-Ion Collider, Brookhaven National Labora-
tory
• Mr. Michael Guastella, Executive Director, Council on
Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc.
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(j) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–64
July 13, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING NUCLEAR WASTE CLEANUP: RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY’S
OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The purpose of this hearing was to evaluate the Department of
Energy’s approach to research and development on new strategies
and technologies to support the nuclear waste cleanup mission of
its Office of Environmental Management (EM). Members and wit-
nesses considered how better coordination and focused research in-
vestments at the Department could potentially reduce lifecycle
costs and expedite schedules for both defense and non-defense envi-
ronmental remediation around over a dozen Environmental Man-
agement sites.
Witnesses:
• Mr. William ‘‘Ike’’ White, Senior Advisor, Office of Envi-
ronmental Management, U.S. Department of Energy
• Dr. Vahid Majidi, Executive Vice President and Director,
Savannah River National Laboratory
• Dr. John Plodinec, Vice Chair, Committee on the Inde-
pendent Assessment of Science and Technology for the Depart-
ment of Energy’s Defense Environmental Cleanup
• Program, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering,
and Medicine
• Mr. Nathan Anderson, Director, Natural Resources and
Environment, U.S. Government Accountability Office
3.3 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Environment
(a) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–9
Wednesday, April 21, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT HEARING: WORKING TOWARDS
CLIMATE EQUITY: THE CASE FOR A FEDERAL CLIMATE SERVICE
The purpose of this hearing was to highlight the need for a
strengthened Federal role in climate risk information. The hearing
showcased the diverse constituencies urging improved investment
in and coordination of Federal climate risk information, with a
spotlight on local community planners, frontline communities, and
adaptation professionals. The hearing was an opportunity to dis-
cuss the availability of climate information that impacts local deci-
sion-making, such as designing new roads, bridges, and dams, and
implementing flood control projects. It also examined the current,
fragmented landscape of Federal programs and nonfederal services
that translate global climate data and model outputs to decision-
relevant information for adaptation and resilience planning.
Witnesses:
• Richard Moss, PhD Senior Scientist, Pacific Northwest Na-
tional Laboratory’s Joint Global Change Research Institute at
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the University of Maryland, Chair, Convening Board, SCAN,
and Non-Resident Fellow, Andlinger Center, Princeton Univer-
sity
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• Ms. Beth Gibbons, Executive Director, American Society of
Adaptation Professionals
• Jeffrey B. Basara, PhD Director, Kessler Atmospheric and
Ecological Field Station, Executive Associate Director, Hydrol-
ogy and Water Security Program, University of Oklahoma
• Ms. Liz Williams Russell, Climate Justice Program Direc-
tor, Foundation for Louisiana
(b) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–19
Monday, June 7, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT HEARING: DEFINING A NATIONAL
‘OCEANSHOT’: ACCELERATING OCEAN AND GREAT LAKES SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the importance of
ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes research in the U.S., the science
that needs to be done most urgently, and how we can point Federal
investments in that direction. This hearing was an opportunity to
hear from experts on innovative ideas for advancing ocean, coastal,
and Great Lakes science and technology (S&T) and defining a na-
tional ‘‘oceanshot’’ as part of the U.S.’s participation and leadership
in the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development
(2021–2030). The hearing also discussed the importance of building
a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive ocean, coastal, and Great
Lakes science enterprise to underpin more creative and collabo-
rative solutions. This hearing was timed to celebrate World Ocean
Month in June and World Ocean Day on June 8.
Witnesses:
• Mr. Craig McLean, Assistant Administrator for Oceanic
and Atmospheric Research and Acting Chief Scientist, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of
Commerce
• Dr. Margaret Leinen, Vice Chancellor, Marine Sciences,
Director, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
• Dr. Michael P. Crosby, President & CEO, Mote Marine
Laboratory
• Dr. Robert D. Ballard, President, Ocean Exploration Trust,
Explorer-at-Large, National Geographic Society
(c) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–27
Wednesday, July 21, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT HEARING: SILENT KILLER: THE
RISING PROBLEM OF EXTREME HEAT IN THE U.S.
This hearing provided an opportunity to discuss the state of our
understanding of extreme heat events across the U.S., and touch
on urban heat islands, the role of climate change, and impacts to
public health. The Subcommittee also examined research gaps and
additional Federal research, coordination, and monitoring needed
to improve the U.S. response to extreme heat.
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Witnesses:
• Dr. Vivek Shandas, Ph.D., Professor, Nohad A. Toulan
School of Urban Studies and Planning, Founder and Director,
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Sustaining Urban Places Research Lab, Portland State Univer-
sity
• Dr. Melissa Guardaro, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Healthy
Urban Environments & Knowledge Exchange for Resilience,
Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona
State University
• Mr. Shimon Elkabetz, CEO, Co-Founder, Tomorrow.io
• Dr. Aaron Bernstein, MD, MPH, Interim Director, The
Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment, Har-
vard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Pediatrician, Boston
Children’s Hospital, Fellow, Adrienne Arsht—Rockefeller Foun-
dation Resilience Center
(d) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–30
Thursday, September 23, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT HEARING: ADVANCING EARTH
SYSTEM SCIENCE AND STEWARDSHIP AT NOAA
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the Administration’s
priorities for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) as they relate to climate science and services; scientific in-
tegrity; the scientific workforce; weather, water, and climate re-
search and forecasting; and other issues within the Science Com-
mittee’s jurisdiction. This hearing was an opportunity for Members
to discuss their priorities related to the agency’s mission.
Witnesses:
The Honorable Richard W. Spinrad, Ph.D., Under Secretary
of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, and Administrator,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(e) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–41
Tuesday, December 7, 2021
JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND SUBCOMMITTEE ON RE-
SEARCH & TECHNOLOGY HEARING: FOREVER CHEMICALS: RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT FOR ADDRESSING THE PFAS PROBLEM
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the role of federal re-
search and development to better understand the class of man-
made chemicals known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
(PFAS). There remains much uncertainty surrounding their tox-
icity and human health effects, how to safely and effectively re-
move them from the environment, and how to detect and quantify
the thousands of different PFAS compounds that exist. The hearing
provided an opportunity to explore gaps in federal research efforts,
methods for improved interagency coordination, opportunities to
collaborate with state governments and non-government entities,
and ideas for improving public understanding and education about
PFAS. While there is a lot of attention on regulation and remedi-
ation of PFAS, there remains a great deal of work to better under-
stand PFAS chemicals and the role the federal government can
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play to support the development of detection, monitoring, treat-
ment, and destruction methods and technologies.
Witnesses:
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• Dr. Elsie Sunderland, Gordon McKay Professor of Environ-
mental Chemistry, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engi-
neering and Applied Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health
• Ms. Abigail Hendershott, Executive Director, Michigan
PFAS Action Response Team (MPART)
• Ms. Amy Dindal, Director of Environmental Research and
Development, Battelle Memorial Institute
• Dr. Peter Jaffé, Professor, Department of Civil and Envi-
ronmental Engineering, Princeton University
(f) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–46
Wednesday, March 2, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT HEARING: FROM GRAY TO GREEN:
ADVANCING THE SCIENCE OF NATURE-BASED INFRASTRUCTURE
This hearing provided an opportunity to discuss the state of the
science related to nature-based infrastructure. The Subcommittee
considered the environmental, economic, and social co-benefits of
nature-based infrastructure and its contribution to resilient com-
munities. Members had the opportunity to discuss the co-benefits
of nature-based infrastructure and the research, development, and
long-term monitoring needed to quantify these co-benefits. Finally,
the Subcommittee examined research gaps and additional federal
coordination, investment, and engagement needed to support the
implementation of nature-based infrastructure.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Steven Thur, Director, National Centers for Coastal
Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion
• Dr. Sherry Hunt, Supervisory Civil Engineer, Agriculture
Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
• Dr. Todd Bridges, Senior Research Scientist, Environ-
mental Science, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(g) HEARING VOLUME NO.117–58
Tuesday, June 14, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT HEARING: WHAT’S THE FORECAST:
A LOOK AT THE FUTURE OF WEATHER RESEARCH
This hearing provided an opportunity to discuss the highest pri-
ority investments needed for weather research and development
over the next decade, as described in the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration (NOAA) Science Advisory Board (SAB)’s
‘‘Priorities for Weather Research’’ report. This discussion included
perspectives from the U.S. Weather Enterprise, comprised of pub-
lic, private, and academic partners. This hearing also examined
how investments in weather research and development can protect
critical infrastructure, life, property, and enhance equity in the pro-
vision of weather services, while supporting the national economy.
Witnesses:
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• Dr. Scott Glenn, Board of Governors Professor, Center for
Ocean Observing Leadership of the Department of Marine and
Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University
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• Dr. Bradley Colman, President-Elect of the American Me-
teorological Society; Director of Weather-Strategy, Bayer & The
Climate Corporation
• Dr. Frederick H. Carr, Professor Emeritus, School of Mete-
orology, University of Oklahoma
• Dr. Kevin R. Petty, VP, Weather and Earth Intelligence,
Spire Global, Inc.
(h) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–62
Thursday, June 23, 2022
JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND SUBCOMMITTEE ON RE-
SEARCH & TECHNOLOGY HEARING: ASSESSING FEDERAL PROGRAMS
FOR MEASURING GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCES AND SINKS
The purpose of this hearing was to explore federal programs fo-
cused on monitoring, measuring, and verifying sources and sinks of
greenhouse gas emissions (ghgs). the committee examined data and
measurement challenges as well as research gaps related to im-
proving ghg monitoring, measurement, and verification. finally, the
committee discussed the measurement tools, methods, and stand-
ards that can enable industries and governments to have the infor-
mation they need to manage emissions effectively and where con-
gress should focus efforts to improve ghg monitoring, measurement,
and verification.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Eric K. Lin, Director, Material Measurement Labora-
tory, National Institute of Standards and Technology
• Dr. Ariel Stein, Acting Director, Global Monitoring Labora-
tory and Director, Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration
• Dr. Karen St. Germain, Earth Science Division Director,
Science Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
• Dr. Bryan Hubbell, National Program Director for Air, Cli-
mate, and Energy, Office of Research and Development, United
States Environmental Protection Agency
(i) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–69
Wednesday, September 21, 2022
JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND SUBCOMMITTEE ON
SPACE & AERONAUTICS HEARING: LOOKING BACK TO PREDICT THE
FUTURE: THE NEXT GENERATION OF WEATHER SATELLITES
This hearing provided an opportunity to discuss the partnership
between the national oceanic and atmospheric administration
(noaa) and national aeronautics and space administration (nasa) in
the development, testing, acquisition, launch and management of
noaa’s operational weather satellite programs. furthermore, this
hearing examined how lessons learned from past challenges in re-
cent weather satellite programs are being incorporated into the fu-
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ture goals, architecture, and capabilities for the next generation of
weather satellites.
Witnesses:
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• Dr. Stephen Volz, Assistant Administrator, National Envi-
ronmental Satellite, Data, and Information Services, NOAA
• Mr. John Gagosian, Joint Agency Satellite Division Direc-
tor, NASA
• Mr. Fred Meny, Assistant Inspector General for Audit and
Evaluation, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector
General
3.4 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Investigations and
Oversight
(a) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–4
March 17, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: BRAIN DRAIN: REBUILDING THE FEDERAL
SCIENTIFIC WORKFORCE
The purpose of this hearing was to assess recent widespread de-
partures of career scientists from the Federal Government. The
Subcommittee examined the cause and extent of the employment
decline within the federal scientific workforce, as well as the impli-
cations of a smaller scientific workforce for science-based agencies.
The Subcommittee also discussed potential policies to rebuild fed-
eral scientific capacity.
Witnesses:
• Ms. Candice Wright, Acting Director, Science, Technology
Assessment, and Analytics, U.S. Government Accountability
Office
• Mr. Max Stier, President and CEO,Partnership for Public
Service
• Dr. Andrew Rosenberg, Director of the Center for Science
and Democracy, Union of Concerned Scientists
• Dr. Betsy Southerland, Former Director of Science and
Technology, Office of Water, Environmental Protection Agency.
(b) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–14
May 12, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: COVID–19 VARIANTS AND EVOLVING
RESEARCH NEEDS
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss how variants develop,
how researchers identify and sequence variants, and how this in-
formation can be utilized by public health officials, government
agencies, and medical practitioners to make decisions. The hearing
examined the ways the Federal government can meet the research
and forecasting needs that evolve as the virus continues to mutate.
Members and witnesses discussed how the federal government can
better coordinate its approach to best serve the American people
through the COVID–19 pandemic and beyond.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Salim Abdool Karim, Director, Center for the Aids Pro-
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gramme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)
• Dr. Nathan Grubaugh, Assistant Professor of Epidemi-
ology, Yale School of Public Health
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• Dr. Stephen Streiffer, Deputy Laboratory Director for
Science and Technology, Argonne National Laboratory
• Dr. Caitlin Rivers, Senior Scholar, Johns Hopkins Center
for Health Security.
(c) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–17
May 25, 2021
JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING, INVESTIGATIONS AND OVERSIGHT
SUBCOMMITTEE LEAD, WITH RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUB-
COMMITTEE: SOLARWINDS AND BEYOND: IMPROVING THE CYBERSE-
CURITY OF SOFTWARE SUPPLY CHAINS
The purpose of this hearing was to examine the causes and im-
pacts of recent supply chain attacks on Federal agencies, explore
how Federal agencies currently mitigate their software supply
chain risks, and consider how best to improve software supply
chain security. The Subcommittees examined the challenges of Fed-
eral agency compliance with standards and best practices and
heard recommendations on next steps to secure the software supply
chain for Federal agencies, especially through improvements to the
efficacy of guidance provided by the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST). The Subcommittees further explored how
the Federal Government can help facilitate the adoption of supply
chain standards and best practices within the private sector.
Witnesses:
• Mr. Matthew Scholl, Chief, Computer Security Division of
the Information Technology Laboratory, NIST
• Dr. Trey Herr, Director, Cyber Statecraft Initiative, the
Atlantic Council
• Ms. Katie Moussouris, Founder and CEO, Luta Security
• Mr. Vijay D’Souza, Director, Information Technology and
Cybersecurity, U.S. Government Accountability Office.
(d) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–24
July 14, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: PRINCIPLES FOR OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION:
COVID–19 AND FUTURE INFECTIOUS DISEASES
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the principles for in-
vestigating infectious disease outbreaks in the context of public in-
terest in the origins of covid–19. the hearing considered how infec-
tious diseases normally emerge; how understanding disease origins
helps protect public health; methods for tracing outbreaks to a dis-
crete origin; the scientific datasets and access that investigators
need; and the principles for transparency, scientific integrity, objec-
tivity, and public communication that accompany an ideal outbreak
investigation.
Witnesses:
• Dr. David Relman, Thomas C. and Joan M. Merigan, Pro-
fessor, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Senior Fel-
low, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stan-
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ford University
• Dr. Stanley Perlman, Professor of Microbiology and Immu-
nology, the University of Iowa
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• Dr. Connie Price, Chief Medical Officer, Denver Health,
and Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Uni-
versity of Colorado School of Medicine
• Dr. Suzan Murray, Program Director, Smithsonian Global
Health Program, Smithsonian National Zoo & Conservation Bi-
ology Institute
(e) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–31
September 28, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: THE DISINFORMATION BLACK BOX:
RESEARCHING SOCIAL MEDIA DATA
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss how researchers are
able to access and analyze data from social media companies. Re-
searchers testified about their work looking into the spread of mis-
information and disinformation on social media platforms and how
platforms drive traffic to advertisements and promoted posts. The
hearing also explored the limitations of current tools, techniques,
and datasets for researching social media platforms and how re-
searchers have utilized information available to advertisers to flag
privacy concerns to the platforms. The hearing examined how the
Federal government can contribute to the ethical study of social
media’s impact on society while protecting the privacy of users.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Alan Mislove, Professor and Interim Dean, Khoury
College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University
• Ms. Laura Edelson, Ph.D. Candidate and Co-Director, Cy-
bersecurity for Democracy at New York University
• Dr. Kevin Leicht, Professor, Department of Sociology at
the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
(f) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–33
October 5, 2021
JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING, INVESTIGATIONS AND OVERSIGHT
SUBCOMMITTEE LEAD, WITH RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUB-
COMMITTEE: BALANCING OPEN SCIENCE AND SECURITY IN THE U.S.
RESEARCH ENTERPRISE
The purpose of this hearing was to explore the risks to research
integrity and security posed by undue foreign influence in the u.s.
research enterprise. the subcommittees examined ongoing efforts at
universities and federal science agencies to address these risks and
the need for additional clarity regarding the scale and scope of the
risks and best practices for securing federally funded fundamental
research. they also discussed the risks of overcorrection, including
the impact on researchers, institutions, and the competitiveness of
the u.s. research enterprise.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Maria Zuber, Co-Chair, National Science, Technology,
and Security Roundtable, National Academies of Sciences, En-
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gineering, and Medicine; Vice President for Research and E. A.
Griswold Professor of Geophysics, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
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• Ms. Candice Wright Director, Science, Technology Assess-
ment, and Analytics, U.S. Government Accountability Office
• Ms. Allison Lerner, Inspector General, National Science
Foundation
• Dr. Xiaoxing Xi, Laura H. Carnell Professor of Physics,
Temple University.
(g) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–36
October 21, 2021
JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING, INVESTIGATIONS AND OVERSIGHT
SUBCOMMITTEE LEAD, WITH ENERGY SUBCOMMITTEE: JUDICIOUS
SPENDING TO ENABLE SUCCESS AT THE OFFICE OF NUCLEAR EN-
ERGY
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss several financial as-
sistance awards made by the Department of Energy’s Office of Nu-
clear Energy on a non-competitive basis. The Members and Wit-
nesses discussed best practices and principles for financial assist-
ance agreements and contracting, including maximizing competi-
tion, limiting risk to the taxpayer, and informing spending deci-
sions with technical and market analysis and documentation. The
hearing sought to understand priorities of the Office of Nuclear En-
ergy and discuss steps taken to date to carry out the relevant direc-
tions and authorizations provided in the Energy Act of 2020.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Katy Huff, Acting Assistant Secretary, Office of Nu-
clear Energy, U.S. Department of Energy
• Ms. Amy Roma, Founding Member, Nuclear Energy and
National Security Coalition, Atlantic Council, and Partner,
Hogan Lovells US LLP
• Dr. Todd Allen, Director, Michigan Memorial Phoenix
Project and Glenn F. andGladysH. Knoll Department Chair of
Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of
Michigan
• Mr. Scott Amey, General Counsel and Executive Editorial
Director, Project on Government Oversight
(h) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–51
March 31, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: THE NEW NORMAL: PREPARING FOR AND
ADAPTING TO THE NEXT PHASE OF COVID–19
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss how research, data,
and coordination efforts must evolve as COVID–19 surges ebb and
flow. The hearing examined existing gaps in data and public health
preparedness as we entered the third year of the pandemic in the
United States. Members and witnesses discussed how the federal
government can scale up data collection and communication to de-
tect surges and variants as early as possible, and how federal guid-
ance can best reflect the evolving threat of COVID–19 while mini-
mizing social disruption.
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Witnesses:
• Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel, Vice Provost for Global Initiatives,
Co-Director of the Healthcare Transformation Institute, and
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Levy University Professor at the Perelman School of Medicine
and The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
• Ms. Karen Ayala, Executive Director, DuPage County
Board of Health
• Dr. Lucy McBride, Practicing Primary Care Physician in
Washington, DC,
• Dr. Mariana Matus, CEO and Co-Founder, Biobot Ana-
lytics.
(i) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–57
April 21, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE FIELD HEARING: PEDAL TO THE METAL: ELECTRIC
VEHICLE BATTERIES AND THE CRITICAL MINERALS SUPPLY CHAIN
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the expected surge in
demand for electric vehicle (ev) batteries over the next decade and
consider the implications for critical minerals required in ev bat-
tery manufacturing, including cobalt, lithium, nickel, graphite, and
manganese. the members and witnesses considered research oppor-
tunities to mitigate potential supply chain concerns, including new
technologies for minerals extraction and processing, minerals recy-
cling, and alternative battery chemistries. they also explored strat-
egies to maximize the research, development, and demonstration
investments already being supported by the department of energy
(doe) pursuant to the energy act of 2020 and the infrastructure in-
vestment and jobs act (iija).
Witnesses:
• Mr. Nate Baguio, Senior Vice President of Commercial De-
velopment, Lion Electric Company
• Mr. Chris Nevers, Senior Director of Public Policy, Rivian
• Dr. Venkat Srinivasan, Deputy Director of the Joint Cen-
ter for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) and Director of the
Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (AC-
CESS), Argonne National Laboratory
• Dr. Chibueze Amanchukwu, Neubauer Family Assistant
Professor of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago.
(j) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–56
May 11, 2022
JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING, INVESTIGATIONS AND OVERSIGHT
SUBCOMMITTEE LEAD, WITH RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUB-
COMMITTEE: SECURING THE DIGITAL COMMONS: OPEN-SOURCE
SOFTWARE CYBERSECURITY
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the unique benefits
and risks inherent in open-source software, and to explore the ways
in which industry and government can collaborate to enhance open-
source cybersecurity. The hearing examined recent open-source
software hacks and subsequent efforts to improve security for the
development and deployment of open-sourced software. Members
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and witnesses discussed the Federal role in improving open-source
cybersecurity, particularly at the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST). Finally, the hearing explored the use and
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potential misuse of open-source software in the development of crit-
ical technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI).
Witnesses:
• Ms. Lauren Knausenberger, Chief Information Officer, De-
partment of the Air Force
• Mr. Brian Behlendorf, General Manager, Open Source Se-
curity Foundation
• Ms. Amélie Erin Koran, Non-Resident Senior Fellow, At-
lantic Council
• Dr. Andrew Lohn, Senior Fellow, Center for Security and
Emerging Technology, Georgetown University
(k) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–63
June 29, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: PRIVACY IN THE AGE OF BIOMETRICS
The purpose of this hearing was to evaluate the privacy implica-
tions of biometrics technologies. The hearing sought to define the
problem space for privacy and biometrics and technical strategies
for balancing privacy and security based on use cases. Members
and witnesses discussed research opportunities in privacy enhanc-
ing technologies for biometric applications and their potential to
address privacy risks. They considered a recent high-profile court
case involving facial recognition technology and the privacy risks of
its use without appropriate guardrails. They also reviewed the cur-
rent Federal uses of biometric technologies and discussed strategies
to ensure appropriate privacy protections in those applications.
Witnesses:
• Ms. Candice Wright, Director, Science, Technology Assess-
ment, and Analytics, U.S. Government Accountability Office
• Dr. Charles H. Romine, Director, Information Technology
Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology
• Dr. Arun Ross, Professor, Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, Michigan State University; Site Director,
NSF Center for Identification Technology Research.
(l) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–65
July 20, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: PAPER MILLS AND RESEARCH MISCONDUCT:
FACING THE CHALLENGES OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the current and fu-
ture challenges in securing scientific literature from fraudulent
academic papers. The hearing examined field-specific and industry-
wide strategies for identifying fraud, the increasing number of
fraudulent papers produced and sold by paper mills, and the im-
pact of new technologies such as AI on both the perpetration and
the detection of research misconduct. Members and witnesses dis-
cussed the successes of the largely volunteer post-publication re-
view community, the challenges that community has faced, and the
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strategies publishers themselves are developing to combat research
misconduct.
Witnesses:
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• Dr. Jennifer Byrne, Director of Biobanking, New South
Wales Health Pathology; Professor of Molecular Oncology, Uni-
versity of Sydney
• Mr. Chris Graf, Research Integrity Director, Springer Na-
ture; Chair of the Governance Board, STM Association Integ-
rity Hub
• Dr. Brandon Stell, Neuroscientist, French National Centre
for Scientific Research; President and Co-Founder, The
PubPeer Foundation.
(m) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–67
September 15, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH? THE QUEST FOR
AGING THERAPIES
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the state of
geroscience, the study of aging and age-related diseases, and lead-
ing research efforts to develop therapeutic interventions that target
aging and age-related diseases. The hearing examined the ethical
and societal implications that may result as aging therapies grow
closer to commercial readiness. It also considered the role of the
federal government and barriers that may be affecting the research
effort.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Jay Olshansky, Professor of Public Health, University
of Chicago
• Dr. Laura Niedernhofer, Director, Institute on the Biology
of Aging and Metabolism; Medical Discovery Team on the Biol-
ogy of Aging; Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Molec-
ular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota
• Dr. Steve Horvath, Principal Investigator, Altos Labs.
3.5 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Research and
Technology
(a) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–10
April 28, 2021
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: NATIONAL
SCIENCE FOUNDATION: ADVANCING RESEARCH FOR THE FUTURE OF
U.S. INNOVATION
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss opportunities and
challenges for leveraging and expanding the National Science
Foundation mission to continue to advance excellent research; im-
prove STEM education and research training; increase research ac-
cessibility, accountability, and security; and accelerate research to
address major societal challenges. The Subcommittee considered
the merits of the National Science Foundation for the Future Act
for addressing such opportunities and challenges and examined the
Administration’s Fiscal Year 2022 budget request for the National
Science Foundation.
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Witnesses:
• Dr. Sethuraman Panchanathan, Director, National Science
Foundation
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• Dr. Ellen Ochoa, Chair, National Science Board
(b) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–13
May 6, 2021
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: NATIONAL
SCIENCE FOUNDATION: ADVANCING RESEARCH FOR THE FUTURE OF
U.S. INNOVATION PART II
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss opportunities and
challenges for leveraging and expanding the National Science
Foundation mission to continue to advance excellent research; im-
prove STEM education and research training; increase research ac-
cessibility, accountability, and security; and accelerate research to
address major societal challenges. The Subcommittee considered
the merits of the National Science Foundation for the Future Act
for addressing such opportunities and challenges.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Roger M. Wakimoto, Vice Chancellor for Research and
Creative Activities, University of California, Los Angeles
• Ms. Gabriela Cruz Thompson, Director, University Re-
search and Collaboration, Intel Labs, Intel Corporation
• Dr. Mahmud Farooque, Associate Director, Consortium for
Science, Policy and Outcomes, DC and Clinical Associate Pro-
fessor, School for the Future of Innovation in Society, Arizona
State University
• Dr. Gerald Blazey, Vice President for Research and Inno-
vation Partnerships, Northern Illinois University
• Dr. P. Barry Butler, President, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical
University
(c) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–22
June 24, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING—PLASTIC WASTE REDUCTION AND RECY-
CLING RESEARCH: MOVING FROM STAGGERING STATISTICS TO SUS-
TAINABLE SYSTEMS
This hearing discussed federal research and development and
standards development needs to help address the plastic waste cri-
sis and barriers to the current recycling system. In addition, the
Subcommittee explored challenges and opportunities for adopting
sustainable upstream plastic waste reduction solutions and efficacy
of existing lifecycle analysis models for assessing the impact of
plastic waste and metrics for sustainability. The Subcommittee also
considered the role that the Plastic Waste Reduction and Recycling
Research Act can play in addressing these important issues.
Witnesses:
• Ms. Keefe Harrison, Chief Executive Officer, The Recycling
Partnership
• Dr. Marc Hillmyer, Director and Principle Investigator,
University of Minnesota National Science Foundation Center
for Sustainable Polymers
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• Dr. Gregory Keoleian, Director, Center for Sustainable
Systems, Peter M. Wege Professor of Sustainable Systems,
School for Environment and Sustainability Professor, Civil and
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Environmental Engineering, co-Coordinator, Engineering Sus-
tainable Systems Program, University of Michigan
• Mr. Joshua Baca, Vice President, Plastics Division, Amer-
ican Chemistry Council
(d) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–33
October 5, 2021
JOINT HEARING OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECH-
NOLOGY & THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INVESTIGATIONS AND OVER-
SIGHT: BALANCING OPEN SCIENCE AND SECURITY IN THE U.S. RE-
SEARCH ENTERPRISE
The purpose of this hearing was to explore the risks to research
integrity and security posed by undue foreign influence in the U.S.
research enterprise. The Subcommittees examined ongoing efforts
at universities and federal science agencies to address these risks
and the need for additional clarity regarding the scale and scope
of the risks and best practices for securing federally funded funda-
mental research. They also discussed the risks of overcorrection, in-
cluding the impact on researchers, institutions, and the competi-
tiveness of the U.S. research enterprise.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Maria Zuber, Co-Chair, National Science, Technology,
and Security Roundtable, National Academies of Sciences, En-
gineering, and Medicine; Vice President for Research and E.A.
Griswold Professor of Geophysics, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
• Ms. Candice N. Wright, Director, Science, Technology As-
sessment, and Analytics, U.S. Government Accountability Of-
fice
• Ms. Allison Lerner, Inspector General, National Science
Foundation
• Dr. Xiaoxing Xi, Laura H. Carnell Professor of Physics,
Temple University
(e) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–37
November 10, 2021
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: WEATHERING
THE STORM: REAUTHORIZING THE NATIONAL WINDSTORM IMPACT
REDUCTION PROGRAM
The purpose of this hearing was to review the activities of the
National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program (NWIRP), includ-
ing the importance of interagency collaboration. The Subcommittee
also considered new and evolving challenges to improved wind-
storm and windstorm impact resilience, and opportunities to im-
prove the Program.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Scott Weaver, Director, National Windstorm Impact
Reduction Program, National Institute of Standards and Tech-
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nology
• Dr. Linda Blevins, Deputy Assistant Director, Directorate
for Engineering, National Science Foundation
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• Mr. Michael Grimm, Assistant Administrator for Risk
Management, Federal Emergency Management Agency
(f) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–44
February 15, 2022
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING:
STRENGTHENING THE U.S. MICROELECTRONICS WORKFORCE
The purpose of this hearing was to understand the critical work-
force needs of the U.S. microelectronic manufacturing sectors as
part of the ongoing investments in increasing domestic production.
The Subcommittee examined current semiconductor workforce and
training pipelines; explored gaps between current and future work-
force needs; and discussed strategies to expand and diversify the
microelectronics workforce.
Witnesses:
• Ms. Shari Liss, Executive Director, SEMI Foundation
• Dr. Osama Awadelkarim, UNESCO Chair Professor and
Director of the Center for Nanotechnology Education and Utili-
zation (CNEU), Pennsylvania State University
• Dr. Tsu-Jae King Liu, Dean and Roy W. Carlson Professor
of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley
(g) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–49
March 17, 2022
RESEARCH AND SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: SETTING THE STANDARDS:
STRENGTHENING U.S. LEADERSHIP IN TECHNICAL STANDARDS
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss the nature and impor-
tance of the standards-setting process to U.S. competitiveness and
national security. The Subcommittee examined the technical stand-
ards-setting processes both domestically and internationally; the
current intergovernmental processes that support Federal coordina-
tion and information exchange activities for standards engagement;
the barriers that U.S. organizations face to participating in stand-
ards development; and the risks to loss of U.S. leadership in stand-
ards setting.
Witnesses:
• Dr. James K. Olthoff, Acting Director, National Institute of
Standards and Technology
• Ms. Mary Saunders, Vice President, Government Relations
and Public Policy, American National Standards Institute
(ANSI)
• Dr. Alissa Cooper, Vice President and Chief Technology
Officer, Technology Policy and Cisco Fellow, Cisco Systems Inc.
• Mr. Andrew Updegrove, Partner, Gesmer Updegrove
L.L.P.
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(h) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–52
April 6, 2022
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: SBIR TURNS
40: EVALUATING SUPPORT FOR SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION
The purpose of this hearing was to review the role of the Small
Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program and Small Business
Technology Transfer (STTR) Program in translating Federally
funded research into commercial development, generating new eco-
nomic growth, as well as in assisting federal science agencies in
meeting their respective missions. The Subcommittee also consid-
ered recommendations for improvements to the SBIR and STTR
Programs and received testimony on Small Business Innovation Re-
search and Small Business Technology Transfer Improvements Act
of 2021.
Witnesses:
• J. Stephen Binkley Ph.D., Acting Director, Office of
Science, Department of Energy
• Dr. Ben Schrag, Program Director and Policy Liaison,
SBIR/STTR Program, Directorate for Technology, Innovation
and Partnerships, National Science Foundation
• Dr. Maryann Feldman, S.K. Heninger Distinguished Pro-
fessor of Public Policy, Department of Public Policy; Professor
of Finance, Kenan-Flagler Business School; Research Director,
Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise; The University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Mr. George Caravias, Chief Executive Officer, Geofabrica
Inc.
• Dr. Nigel Reuel, Associate Professor, Jack R. and Carol A.
Johnson Faculty Fellow, Director of Graduate Education, Iowa
State University
(i) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–57
May 20, 2022
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: BUILDING A
WORKFORCE TO NAVIGATE THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE FUTURE
The purpose of this hearing was to explore the workforce needs
for the automotive mobility and electrification industry in order to
position the United States at the center of growth for electric vehi-
cles (EVs). Members explored issues facing workers across the
emerging EV ecosystem, including design, manufacturing, installa-
tion, and maintenance of EVs and charging infrastructure. Wit-
nesses provided insights and strategies for meeting clean energy
goals while bolstering national competitiveness and ensuring
shared prosperity for American workers.
Witnesses:
• Ms. Marcia Black-Watson, Industry Engagement Division
Administrator, Workforce Development, Michigan Department
of Labor and Economic Opportunity
• Ms. Jennifer Mefford, National Co-Chair, Electric Vehicle
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Infrastructure Training Program (EVITP)
• Mr. Benigno ‘‘Ben’’ Cruz, Director, Center for Advanced
Automotive Technology (CAAT), Macomb Community College
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• Mr. Josh Nassar, Legislative Director, United Auto Work-
ers (UAW)
(j) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–62
June 23, 2022
JOINT HEARING OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECH-
NOLOGY AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT: ASSESSING
FEDERAL PROGRAMS FOR MEASURING GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCES
AND SINKS
The purpose of this hearing was to explore Federal programs fo-
cused on monitoring, measuring, and verifying sources and sinks of
greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). The Committee examined data
and measurement challenges as well as research gaps related to
improving GHG monitoring, measurement, and verification. Fi-
nally, the Committee discussed the measurement tools, methods,
and standards that can enable industries and governments to have
the information they need to manage emissions effectively and
where Congress should focus efforts to improve GHG monitoring,
measurement, and verification.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Eric K. Lin, Director, Material Measurement Labora-
tory, National Institute of Standards and Technology
• Dr. Ariel Stein, Acting Director, Global Monitoring Labora-
tory and Director, Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration
• Dr. Karen M. St. Germain, Earth Science Division Direc-
tor, Science Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
• Dr. Bryan Hubbell, National Program Director for Air, Cli-
mate, and Energy, Office of Research and Development, United
States Environmental Protection Agency
(k) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–70
September 29, 2022
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING:
TRUSTWORTHY AI: MANAGING THE RISKS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The purpose of this hearing was to discuss tools, best practices,
and challenges in the design, development, testing, and deployment
of trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The Sub-
committee examined efforts in academia, industry, and government
to create a culture of responsibility around AI systems, identify and
remove harmful bias in AI systems, improve explainability and
transparency of AI systems, and mitigate other risks associated
with AI systems. The Subcommittee also explored the National In-
stitute of Standards and Technology’s ongoing efforts to create an
artificial intelligence risk management framework.
Witnesses:
• Ms. Elham Tabassi, Chief of Staff, Information Technology
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Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology
• Dr. Charles Isbell, Dean and John P. Imlay, Jr. Chair of
the College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology
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• Mr. Jordan Crenshaw, Vice President of the Chamber
Technology Engagement Center, U.S. Chamber of Commerce
• Ms. Navrina Singh, Founder and Chief Executive Officer,
Credo AI
(l) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–XX
December 14, 2022
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING—BUILDING
REGIONAL INNOVATION ECONOMIES PART II
The purpose of this hearing was to explore the role of the De-
partment of Commerce’s Economic Development Administration to
promote regional innovation through support for community-led
economic development strategies that increase geographic diversity
and expand participation in the innovation economy, bolster domes-
tic supply chains, grow manufacturing capacity, and strengthen
community resilience across the United States.
Witnesses:
• The Honorable Alejandra Y. Castillo, Assistant Secretary
of Commerce for Economic Development, U.S. Department of
Commerce
• Ms. Maureen Donohue Krauss, President and Chief Execu-
tive Officer, Detroit Regional Partnership
• Mr. David Spalding, Raisbeck Endowed Dean of the
Debbie and Jerry Ivy College of Business and Interim Vice
President of Economic Development and Industry Relations,
Iowa State University
• Ms. Linda Olson, President and Chief Executive Officer,
Tampa Bay Wave
3.6 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Space and
Aeronautics
(a) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–6
March 24, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: EXAMINING R&D PATHWAYS TO
SUSTAINABLE AVIATION
The purpose of the hearing was to examine research and tech-
nology approaches to sustainable aviation, including activities for
improving the energy efficiency and reducing the climate and envi-
ronmental impacts of civil and commercial aviation; inform re-
search and development priorities to achieve emissions reduction
goals for aviation sector; and other issues.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Karen A. Thole, Department Head and Distinguished
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsyl-
vania State University
• Dr. R. John Hansman, Jr., T. Wilson Professor of Aero-
nautics & Astronautics and Director, MIT International Center
for Air Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
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Chair, FAA Research and Development Advisory Committee
(REDAC); Co-director, FAA Center of Excellence for Alter-
native Jet Fuels and Environment (ASCENT)
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• Mr. Steve Csonka, Executive Director, Commercial Avia-
tion Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)
(b) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–11
April 29, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: WHAT DO SCIENTISTS HOPE TO LEARN WITH
NASA’S MARS PERSEVERANCE ROVER?
The purpose of the hearing was to explore the science of the Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Mars 2020 Persever-
ance Rover mission, including key scientific objectives and plans,
and overall Mars science exploration strategy, and other issues.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Michael A. Meyer, Lead Scientist, Mars Exploration
Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Dr. Bethany L. Ehlmann, Professor of Planetary Science
and Associate Director of the Keck Institute for Space Studies,
California Institute of Technology; President, The Planetary
Society; Co-Investigator, Mars 2020 Perseverance mission
• Dr. Tanja Bosak, Returned Sample Science Co-Lead, Mars
2020 Perseverance Rover; Professor and Lead of the Option in
Geology, Geochemistry, and Geobiology, Department of Earth,
Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology
(c) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–15
May 18, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: NASA’S EARTH SCIENCE AND CLIMATE
CHANGE ACTIVITIES: CURRENT ROLES AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES
The hearing examined the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration’s Earth science and climate change activities and
plans, including the role of space-based observations, partnerships,
and other issues.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Karen M. St. Germain, Division Director, Earth
Sciences Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA
• Dr. Gavin Schmidt, Senior Climate Advisor (Acting) and
Director of Goddard Institute for Space Studies, NASA
• Mr. Riley Duren, Research Scientist, Office of Research,
Innovation, and Impact, University of Arizona; Chief Executive
Officer, Carbon Mapper, Inc.
• Mr. Robbie Schingler, Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Offi-
cer, Planet
(d) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–28
July 29, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: ENABLING MISSION SUCCESS FROM THE
GROUND UP: ADDRESSING NASA’S URGENT INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS
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The purpose of the hearing was to review the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) infrastructure and
maintenance status, plans, and needs, including those related to
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physical infrastructure, mission support systems, research labora-
tories and test facilities, and to examine the enabling role of infra-
structure in achieving NASA’s current and future mission goals in
science, aeronautics, human spaceflight, and space technology
while ensuring the safety of agency personnel and operations.
Witness:
Mr. Robert Gibbs, Associate Administrator for the Mission
Support Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion
(e) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–29
September 21, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: NASA’S FUTURE IN LOW EARTH ORBIT: CON-
SIDERATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION EXTENSION AND
TRANSITION
The purpose of the hearing is to examine the status of the Inter-
national Space Station (ISS), NASA’s requirements for future re-
search and development in low Earth orbit, and plans for sus-
taining such activities once the ISS is no longer operating, among
other issues.
Witnesses:
• Ms. Robyn Gatens, Director, International Space Station;
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Dr. Kathleen ‘‘Kate’’ Rubins, Astronaut; National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration
• Mr. Jeffrey Manber, Chief Executive Officer; Nanoracks,
LLC
• Mr. Todd Harrison, Senior Fellow and Director of the
Aerospace Security Project; Center for Strategic and Inter-
national Studies
• Captain William Shepherd (USN, Retired), Former Astro-
naut, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(f) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–35
October 20, 2021
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: ACCELERATING DEEP SPACE TRAVEL WITH
SPACE NUCLEAR PROPULSION
The purpose of the hearing was to understand the opportunities
and challenges of space nuclear propulsion for enabling deep space
exploration, examine the status of NASA’s R&D activities and
plans for space nuclear propulsion, and to consider government and
industry contributions to and collaboration on advancing space nu-
clear propulsion, among other issues.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Roger M. Myers, Co-Chair, Committee on Space Nu-
clear Propulsion Technologies, National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine
• Dr. Bhavya Lal, Senior Advisor for Budget and Finance;
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NASA
• Mr. Greg Meholic, Senior Project Leader, The Aerospace
Corporation
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• Mr. Michael French, Vice President, Space Systems; Aero-
space Industries Association
• Dr. Franklin Chang Diaz, Founder and CEO, Ad Astra
Rocket Company
(g) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–39
December 1, 2021
JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE AND AERONAUTICS AND SUB-
COMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY HEARING: A REVIEW
OF THE DECADAL SURVEY FOR ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS IN
THE 2020S
The purpose of this hearing was to review the science priorities
and recommendations from the decadal survey on astronomy and
astrophysics, Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics
for the 2020s, recently released by the National Academies of
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Robert C. Kennicutt, Jr., Co-Chair, Steering Com-
mittee, Committee for A Decadal Survey on Astronomy and As-
trophysics 2020, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering,
and Medicine; Laureate Professor, University of Arizona; and
Professor of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University
• Dr. Fiona A. Harrison, Co-Chair, Steering Committee,
Committee for A Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astro-
physics 2020, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering,
and Medicine; Harold A. Rosen Professor of Physics, California
Institute of Technology
• Mr. William Russell, Director, Contracting and National
Security Acquisitions, Government Accountability Office
(h) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–42
March 1, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: KEEPING OUR SIGHTS ON MARS PART 3: A
STATUS UPDATE AND REVIEW OF NASA’S ARTEMIS INITIATIVE
The purpose of the hearing was to examine the status of plans
and progress on the National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion’s Artemis initiative; to review challenges related to the imple-
mentation of those activities; and to understand the factors that
contribute to overall success in the nation’s Moon to Mars efforts,
among other issues.
Witnesses:
• Mr. James Free, Associate Administrator, Exploration Sys-
tems Development Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics
and Space Administration
• Mr. William Russell, Director, Contracting and National
Security Acquisitions, Government Accountability Office
• Dr. Patricia Sanders, Chair, Aerospace Safety Advisory
Panel
• The Honorable Paul K. Martin, Inspector General, Na-
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tional Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Mr. Daniel Dumbacher, Executive Director, American In-
stitute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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(i) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–50
May 12, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS: GUIDING
THE TRANSITION TO A CIVIL CAPABILITY
The purpose of the hearing was to consider testimony regarding
planning for the transition of certain space situational awareness
services and information to a civil capability, among other issues.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Matthew Hejduk, Senior Project Leader, The Aero-
space Corporation
• Dr. Moriba Jah, Associate Professor, Aerospace Engineer-
ing and Engineering Mechanics Department, Mrs. Pearlie
Dashiell Henderson Centennial Fellowship in Engineering,
Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences,
The University of Texas at Austin
• Mr. Andrew D’Uva, Senior Policy Advisor, Space Data As-
sociation
• Mr. Kevin M. O’Connell, Founder, Space Economy Rising,
LLC
• Dr. Mariel Borowitz, Associate Professor, Sam Nunn
School of International Affairs, Ivan Allen College of Liberal
Arts, Georgia Institute of Technology
(j) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–59
May 26, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: A REVIEW OF THE DECADAL STRATEGY FOR
PLANETARY SCIENCE AND ASTROBIOLOGY 2023–2032
The purpose of the hearing was to review the science priorities
and recommendations from the decadal survey on planetary science
and astrobiology, Origins, Worlds, and Life: A Decadal Strategy for
Planetary Science and Astrobiology 2023–2032, recently released
by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Robin M. Canup, Co-Chair, Steering Group, Committee
on the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey, Na-
tional Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; As-
sistant Vice President, Planetary Science Directorate, South-
west Research Institute
• Dr. Philip R. Christensen, Co-Chair, Steering Group, Com-
mittee on the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Sur-
vey, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medi-
cine; Arizona State University
(k) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–66
July 28, 2022
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARING: EXPLORING CYBER SPACE: CYBERSECURITY
ISSUES FOR CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE SYSTEMS
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The purpose of the hearing was to examine cybersecurity for civil
and commercial space systems, including current and potential cy-
bersecurity risks, the status of policies and guidance regarding cy-
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bersecurity for space systems, and opportunities for facilitating and
strengthening cybersecurity for civil and commercial space systems,
among other issues.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Theresa Suloway, Space Cybersecurity Engineer, The
MITRE Corporation
• Mr. Matthew Scholl, Chief, Computer Security Division,
Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of
Standards and Technology
• Mr. Brandon Bailey, Senior Project Leader, Cyber Assess-
ments and Research Department, The Aerospace Corporation
(l) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–69
September 21, 2022
JOINT SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE AND AERONAUTICS AND SUB-
COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT HEARING: LOOKING BACK TO PRE-
DICT THE FUTURE: THE NEXT GENERATION OF WEATHER SATELLITES
This hearing provided an opportunity to discuss the partnership
between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) in the development, testing, acquisition, launch and man-
agement of NOAA’s operational weather satellite programs. Fur-
thermore, this hearing examined how lessons learned from past
challenges in recent weather satellite programs are being incor-
porated into the future goals, architecture, and capabilities for the
next generation of weather satellites.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Stephen Volz, Assistant Administrator, National Envi-
ronmental Satellite, Data, and Information Services, NOAA
• Mr. John Gagosian, Joint Agency Satellite Division Direc-
tor, NASA
• Mr. Fred Meny, Assistant Inspector General for Audit and
Evaluation, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Inspector
General
(m) HEARING VOLUME NO. 117–71
November 16, 2022
UNFOLDING THE UNIVERSE: INITIAL SCIENCE RESULTS FROM THE
JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE
The purpose of the hearing was to receive testimony on the ini-
tial science, scientific findings and discoveries of National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration’s James Webb Space Telescope,
as well as plans for future scientific investigations.
Witnesses:
• Dr. Mark Clampin, Astrophysics Division Director, Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Dr. Steven L. Finkelstein, Professor of Astronomy, Univer-
sity of Texas at Austin
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• Dr. Natalie Batalha, Professor of Astronomy and Astro-
physics and Director of Astrobiology, University of California,
Santa Cruz
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Chapter IV: Appendix
4.1. History of the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology
The Soviet Union launched the first satellite, Sputnik 1, into
orbit on October 4, 1957, initiating the ‘‘Space Race.’’ When the
85th Congress reconvened in 1958, one of its first tasks was the
creation of a Select Committee on Astronautics and Space Explo-
ration. This Select Committee wrote the Space Act, which estab-
lished the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
and the permanent House Committee on Science and Astronautics,
the forerunner of the present Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology.
The Science and Astronautics Committee was the first standing
committee created in the House in 11 years and the first committee
since 1892 to be established for an entirely new area of jurisdiction.
The Committee’s initial jurisdiction included exploration and con-
trol of outer space, astronautical research and development, sci-
entific research and development, science scholarships and legisla-
tion relating to scientific agencies. The scientific agencies under the
Committee initially included the National Bureau of Standards
(now the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Council and the Na-
tional Science Foundation (NSF).
In 1974, the Committee’s name was changed to the ‘‘Committee
on Science and Technology.’’ At that time, the Committee’s jurisdic-
tion was expanded to include legislation related to energy, the envi-
ronment, the atmosphere, civil aviation research and development
and the National Weather Service. The Committee on Science and
Technology was also given a ‘‘special oversight’’ function providing
for exclusive responsibility among all Congressional Standing Com-
mittees to review and study, on a continuing basis, all laws, pro-
grams and government activities involving Federal non-military re-
search and development.
Civilian nuclear research and development was added to the
Committee’s jurisdiction in 1977 when the Joint Committee on
Atomic Energy was abolished. The name was again changed at the
outset of the 100th Congress to the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology. The Republican Party took control of the House in
1995 and officially changed the name to the ‘‘Committee on
Science.’’
In its early years, the Committee was an important partner in
the Apollo Program that led to a man landing on the moon and
strengthening science education and scientific research. After the
Committee’s role expanded, the Committee has played an impor-
tant role in much of the legislation Congress has considered deal-
ing with domestic and international science, technology, standards,
and competitiveness.
After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, terrorism
moved to the forefront of the Committee’s agenda. The Science
Committee worked to ensure that the Federal Government was in-
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vesting in the science and technology necessary to combat ter-
rorism over the long term and to assist our nation’s first respond-
ers. Congress established the Department of Homeland Security
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68
(DHS) in 2002 primarily to improve the nation’s ability to prevent
terrorist attacks. The Science and Technology Directorate—created
though bill language developed by the Committee on Science and
Technology—funds research, development, testing and evaluation
to improve homeland security, and works to transfer relevant tech-
nologies to federal, state, and local governments, and the private
sector.
When Democrats resumed control of Congress in 2007, the name
of Committee was changed back to the ‘‘Committee on Science and
Technology.’’ Enhancing long-term economic competitiveness
through investments in science and technology emerged as a cen-
terpiece of Committee activities in the 110th and 111th Congresses.
In response to the National Academies’ landmark report, Rising
Above the Gathering Storm, the Committee led a bipartisan effort
to advance the Academies’ recommendations, culminating in Presi-
dent Bush’s signature of the America COMPETES Act in 2007. The
legislation, as enacted, put the budgets of three key federal science
agencies on a path to double over ten years: NSF, NIST, and DOE
Office of Science. In 2010, a reauthorization of the America COM-
PETES Act extended and expanded activities called for in the origi-
nal legislation. It passed as one of the last votes of the 111th Con-
gress and was signed into law in January, 2011.
In the 112th Congress, Chairman Ralph Hall has added ‘‘Space’’
back into the Committee’s name: ‘‘The Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology’’—a nod to the Committee’s history, broad
jurisdiction, and the importance of space exploration in maintain-
ing American innovation and competitiveness.
During the 113th, 114th, and 115th Congresses, the Science,
Space, and Technology pursued a vigorous agenda of oversight of
both federal programs and non-Federal entities under Chairman
Lamar Smith. During this time, the committee also moved a num-
ber of space related bills, including notably, the U.S. Commercial
Space Launch Competitiveness Act in the 114th Congress.
At the start of the 116th Congress, Chairwoman Eddie Bernice
Johnson became the first woman and first African American to
Chair the Committee. The 116th Congress saw a return to exten-
sive bipartisan legislating, with many of the Committee’s key
pieces of legislation sponsored or cosponsored by both Chairwoman
Johnson and Ranking Member Frank D. Lucas. The second session
of the 116th Congress brought unprecedented challenges related to
the COVID–19 pandemic. During this session, and pursuant to
changes to the House Rules, the Committee held its first remote
hearings conducted via the internet. Under Chairwoman Johnson’s
continued leadership in the 117th Congress, the Committee contin-
ued to legislate in a bipartisan fashion. These efforts culminated in
the enactment of the CHIPS and Science Act, which was the larg-
est Science Committee led bill to ever be enacted.
Today the Committee has jurisdiction over much of the non-de-
fense federal research and development (R&D) portfolio. The Com-
mittee has exclusive jurisdiction over NASA, NSF, NIST, the Na-
tional Weather Service, and the White House Office of Science and
Technology Policy and National Space Council. The Committee also
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has authority over the R&D activities at DOE and civilian National
Laboratories, the Environmental Protection Agency, National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of the Interior,
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U.S. Geological Survey, Department of Agriculture, Department of
Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Department of
Homeland Security, and U.S. Fire Administration.
4.2. Views and Estimates of the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology On the Fiscal Year 2022 Budget Re-
quest for Submission to the Budget Committee
The Committee looks forward to reviewing the President’s de-
tailed budget request later this spring. The following are the Com-
mittee’s views on key priorities in the budget summary related to
programs within the Science, Space, and Technology Committee ju-
risdiction.
National Science Foundation (NSF)
After more than a decade of flat or declining funding, in constant
dollars, the National Science Foundation would be provided a 20
percent increase to $10.2 billion in the President’s fiscal year 2022
budget request. While the details have not yet been provided, the
budget increase supports increases for NSF’s overall fundamental
research and STEM education mission, in addition to significant fo-
cused increases for climate change research, technology develop-
ment, and programs to broaden participation in STEM. We applaud
the proposed increase for NSF overall, and look forward to seeing
the details.
Notably, the budget includes a proposal for the creation of a new
Directorate of Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships at NSF,
the subject of ongoing discussion and debate in Congress. Since its
creation in 1950, NSF has supported fundamental research across
all fields of science and engineering, and STEM learning through
all levels of education and training, in pursuit of its mission to pro-
mote the progress of science; advance the national health, pros-
perity, and welfare; secure the national defense; and for other pur-
poses. From the beginning, a guiding assumption of the agency and
its Congressional sponsors was that the results of these funda-
mental research investments would be picked up and translated
into practice by industry and other potential users. While NSF
rightly claims credit for the foundational science underlying count-
less innovations and the economic growth and other societal bene-
fits that resulted, the translational work that brought these inno-
vations into the market was typically not supported by the NSF.
Moreover, in many of the NSF’s most successful cases of their
work leading to profound societal benefits, the downstream innova-
tions that resulted from the NSF research were not foreseeable
when the NSF made its initial investments. That is the very heart
of the debate over the creation of a new directorate at NSF, one
that would expand the mission of the agency from what it has been
over the past 70 years. The Committee looks forward to continuing
this discussion within Congress, and with the Biden Administra-
tion.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
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The budget supports investment in our country’s economic com-
petitiveness by promoting innovation in U.S. manufacturing and
advance science, standards, and technology development at the De-
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70
partment of Commerce. Specifically, the budget would increase
funding for NIST’s scientific and technical research account by 16
percent to $916 million. The increased investment in NIST’s core
research account is the minimum needed for NIST to meet its stat-
utory requirements in artificial intelligence, quantum science, cy-
bersecurity, and resilience, while continuing to adequately support
its many other critical areas of measurement science.
The budget would more than double funding for NIST’s manufac-
turing programs, including $150 million to fully fund two new
Manufacturing USA institutes and an additional $125 million for
the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) program. Based
on the previous competition NIST ran under the Manufacturing
USA program, there are sufficient meritorious ideas to warrant two
or more additional institutes. The MEP program plays an essential
role in helping small and medium sized manufacturers adopt man-
ufacturing innovations, protect their businesses and customers
from cyberattacks, and compete in the global economy. We look for-
ward to hearing more about the details of how the MEP program
will implement the additional funding.
The budget request is silent on NIST’s construction account.
NIST itself estimates a need of $200 million per year to address
its decaying infrastructure and maintenance backlog, an amount
well above the FY 2021 enacted level. Addressing NIST’s construc-
tion and maintenance needs will remain a priority for the Com-
mittee.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
The Administration has requested $24.7 billion for NASA in Fis-
cal Year 2022, a 6.3 percent increase from the FY 2021 enacted ap-
propriation of $23.2 billion. The Committee is encouraged about the
priorities highlighted in the discretionary budget request summary
for NASA, including support for robotic science exploration, advanc-
ing Earth and climate science, sustainable aviation, continuity in
the Moon to Mars effort and a sustainable deep space exploration
program, innovation and space technology, and increased support
for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) edu-
cation activities that will expand opportunities for engaging under-
served and underrepresented students in STEM fields. The Com-
mittee believes that NASA should continue to undertake the most
cutting-edge research and serve as an inspiration to the next gen-
eration of scientists and engineers.
NASA has achieved significant accomplishments, despite the ad-
ditional challenges of the COVID–19 pandemic. The Committee
looks forward to reviewing the full budget request and plans for FY
2022 and to understanding the extent of COVID 0919 impacts on
the agency’s activities as it looks to reauthorize NASA’s programs
and activities.
Department of Energy (DOE)
The discretionary request provides $46.1 billion overall for the
Department of Energy in FY22, a 10.2 percent increase from the
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2021 enacted level, and includes robust support for advanced nu-
clear energy technologies, renewable energy, electric vehicles, green
hydrogen, innovative approaches to air conditioning and refrigera-
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tion, and a revitalized Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Manage-
ment, among many other important areas.
The Committee is pleased that the request strongly supports a
comprehensive approach to clean energy innovation. This Com-
mittee has jurisdiction over the Department of Energy’s science
and energy research, development, demonstration, and commercial
application activities including its national laboratories and re-
search facilities, and knows how critical continued support of these
programs will be to meet this moment for a meaningful energy
transition. In addition, the Committee is encouraged by the Admin-
istration’s support of additional grants and workforce development
programs for MSIs. To achieve the best solutions, we need a di-
verse array of experts seated at the table to keep pace with our
competitors and deliver benefits to all Americans.
The Committee also supports the Administration’s goal of addi-
tional funding to support the DOE Office of Science’s critical efforts
to improve our competitiveness and decarbonize our country. How-
ever, we urge the administration to consider the benefits of addi-
tional funding to support some of our nation’s most important
science and energy research programs and facilities. The discre-
tionary request includes a $400 million increase to a total of $7.4
billion. The Committee believes that this level of growth is not suf-
ficient for the current needs of the world-class user facilities, re-
search programs, and national laboratories stewarded by the Of-
fice. The Committee also voices concern over the structure of an
Advanced Research Projects Agency—Climate (ARPA–C). Although
the Committee applauds the Administration’s commitment to ad-
vancing breakthrough solutions for climate and energy, an ARPA
model may not be the most appropriate leading pathway to ad-
dressing the significant climate resilience and adaptation problems
at hand, and the Committee looks forward to continued discussion
with the Administration regarding this proposal.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The budget provides $11.2 billion for the EPA, a roughly 21 per-
cent increase to the 2021 enacted funding level. In recent years,
the Committee has noted the need for increased funding for re-
search and development at the EPA to ensure that regulations are
scientifically sound, and to address the most pressing environ-
mental challenges of today and in the future. The Committee is en-
couraged by the proposed increase, which would more than double
the Agency’s climate change research budget, and expect that this
budget would also provide for increased funding for other impor-
tant research and development initiatives such as PFAS, harmful
algal blooms, and lead in water.
The Committee applauds the Administration’s commitment to as-
sisting marginalized and underserved communities with an invest-
ment of $936 million to a new Accelerating Environmental and
Economic Justice initiative at the agency. Finally, EPA has seen
substantial attrition in its workforce in recent years, with the Com-
mittee finding significant impacts to the STEM workforce at the
Agency in particular. Rebuilding the workforce of the agency is a
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key part of this budget with $110 million to restore EPA’s critical
staff capacity which will be crucial to the agency’s research and de-
velopment efforts to protect public health and the environment.
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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
The budget provides $6.9 billion for NOAA, a $1.4 billion in-
crease from the 2021 enacted funding level. This budget prioritizes
weather forecasting and climate observation work by providing $2
billion, an increase of $500 million from the 2021 enacted level, to
fund the next generation of satellites, as well as an array of other
technologies, to improve weather and climate forecasts. Addition-
ally, the Committee has identified a need for the federal govern-
ment to provide robust actionable climate information to commu-
nities and is encouraged to see $800 million in this budget go to-
wards expanding investments in climate research, as well as re-
gional and local decision-making support, data, and tools to im-
prove community resilience to climate change. These investments
will not only help gird our cities and towns against the more fre-
quent and intense impacts of climate change, but also provide op-
portunities to grow our scientific workforce, and invest in the mod-
ern infrastructure needed to support these efforts.
4.2(a).
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY
Washington, DC, May 7, 2021.
Hon. JOHN YARMUTH,
Chairman, Committee on the Budget,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The House Science, Space, and Technology
Committee Republicans appreciate the opportunity to share our
views and estimates for the fiscal year 2022 budget cycle with re-
spect to the programs within the Committee’s jurisdiction, as well
as our view of the budget process so far in the 117th Congress and
how it should proceed as we move forward.
The Science Committee has a long history of working on a bipar-
tisan basis to develop and pass meaningful science and technology
legislation into law, when given the opportunity by House leader-
ship to conduct its work in regular order. Unfortunately, the bro-
ken budget and legislative process under the leadership of House
Democrats has unnecessarily impeded our Committee’s bipartisan
work.
The Science Committee has already been ostracized from the leg-
islative process once in the 117th Congress when House Democratic
leadership forced through the first budget reconciliation package
without formal input from the Committee and its Members. The
Science Committee had no opportunity to debate or discuss the
$750 million allocated in the budget reconciliation package for re-
search and development. Nor were we given the opportunity to ad-
dress other missed opportunities for funding COVID relief for the
research industry, which have broad bipartisan support. Budget
reconciliation is a closed legislative process, and partisan wish lists
are no way to approach the many opportunities that lie before us.
Republicans support doubling funding for basic federal research
over the next 10 years and bipartisan consensus exists to increase
federal investment in research and development. There is also
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broad bipartisan support for more rapidly growing federal invest-
ment in basic research at the Department of Energy (DOE) Office
of Science and the National Science Foundation (NSF) over the
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73
next 5 years, to contend with our global competitors like China.
There is also bipartisan support for reauthorizing the National Aer-
onautics and Space Administration (NASA) to get America back to
the Moon and on to Mars, to build our domestic STEM workforce
and broaden participation in STEM studies and careers, and to fos-
ter American dominance in cutting-edge technologies.
Science Committee Republicans are committed to working on leg-
islation to accomplish these critically important objectives. How-
ever, this can only be accomplished if the House proceeds through
regular order, in an open and transparent process, where Members
are provided an opportunity to legislate and engage in robust de-
bate and discourse. It cannot be achieved by circumventing commit-
tees of jurisdiction under the guise of budget reconciliation, or by
poisoning bipartisan consensus with partisan priorities.
Science and technology are essential to our national defense, eco-
nomic security, and American prosperity. The basic research our
government supports is foundational to our economic success and
has allowed us to remain at the forefront of global science and
technology innovation. We face very real threats to our scientific
leadership from the Chinese Communist Party, and we can’t afford
to fall behind.
There is momentum on both sides of the aisle in the House and
Senate for legislation to secure our global science and technology
leadership. But our investments should be comprehensive, stra-
tegic, and sustainable. Unfortunately, the Biden-Harris Adminis-
tration has proposed a $50 billion fund for a top-down approach to
developing technologies at the National Science Foundation, and
the Senate is considering a proposal to create a $100 billion slush
fund for technology development. These proposals are not respon-
sible or sustainable. America’s continued scientific leadership re-
quires a comprehensive and strategic approach to research and de-
velopment that provides long-term increased investment and sta-
bility across the research ecosystem. It also requires national col-
laboration and public-private partnerships with a focus on evolving
technologies that are crucial to our national and economic security,
like quantum information science, artificial intelligence, advanced
manufacturing, and high-performance computing.
The Republican Members of the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology will continue to build on the Committee’s past
work to ensure that the United States remains the world’s leader
in Research and Development. Committee Republicans believe that
the only way to reach consensus and produce meaningful legisla-
tion on these matters is to engage in robust debate and dialogue,
to proceed through regular legislative order, and to leave the par-
tisan provisions for partisan measures. Anything less is an abdica-
tion of the Biden-Harris Administration’s stated commitment to
unity and would result in patchwork legislation that fails to serve
the best interests of the American people.
We have an opportunity to ensure that America remains at the
forefront of science and technology research, development, and in-
novation. We call on the House leadership and the Budget Com-
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mittee to seize this opportunity for bipartisan legislation in support
of science and technology by avoiding reconciliation and proceeding
through regular order with an open amendment process, and to
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74
check partisanship at the door. The American people deserve noth-
ing less.
Respectfully,
FRANK LUCAS,
Ranking Member, Committee
on Science, Space, and
Technology.
BRIAN BABIN, D.D.S.,
Ranking Member, Sub-
committee on Space and
Aeronautics.
STEPHANIE BICE,
Ranking Member, Sub-
committee on Environ-
ment.
BILL POSEY,
Member of Congress.
DR. JAMES R. BAIRD,
Member of Congress.
RANDY WEBER,
Ranking Member, Sub-
committee on Energy.
MICHAEL WALTZ,
Ranking Member, Sub-
committee on Research
and Technology.
JAY OBERNOLTE,
Ranking Member, Sub-
committee on Investiga-
tions and Oversight.
ANTHONY GONZALEZ,
Member of Congress.
PETE SESSIONS,
Member of Congress.
DANIEL WEBSTER,
Member of Congress.
YOUNG KIM,
Member of Congress.
JAKE LATURNER,
Member of Congress.
PETER MEIJER,
Member of Congress.
MIKE GARCIA,
Member of Congress.
RANDY FEENSTRA,
Member of Congress.
CARLOS GIMENEZ,
Member of Congress.
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4.3.
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY,
Washington, DC, May 20, 2022.
Hon. JOHN YARMUTH,
Chairman, Committee on the Budget,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
Hon. JASON SMITH,
Ranking Member, Committee on Budget,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
CHAIRMAN YARMUTH AND RANKING MEMBER SMITH: Please find
enclosed the Majority Views and Estimates of the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology on the FY 2023 Budget Request.
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON,
Chairwoman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.
Views and Estimates of the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology On the Fiscal Year 2022 Budget Request
for Submission to the Budget Committee
EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON.
ZOE LOFGREN.
SUZANNE BONAMICI.
AMI BERA.
HALEY STEVENS.
MIKIE SHERRILL.
JAMAAL BOWMAN, ED.D.
MELANIE STANSBURY.
BRAD SHERMAN.
ED PERLMUTTER.
JERRY MCNERNEY.
PAUL TONKO.
BILL FOSTER.
DONALD NORCROSS.
DONALD S. BEYER JR.
SEAN CASTEN.
CONOR LAMB.
DEBORAH K. ROSS.
GWEN MOORE.
DANIEL T. KILDEE.
LIZZIE FLETCHER.
Views and Estimates of the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology On the Fiscal Year 2023 Budget Request
for Submission to the Budget Committee
The following are the Committee’s views on key priorities in the
budget summary related to programs within the Science, Space,
and Technology Committee jurisdiction.
National Science Foundation (NSF)
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The President’s budget request includes $10.49 billion for NSF,
an increase of $1.65 billion [19 percent] from the Fiscal Year (FY)
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2022 appropriated level of $8.84 billion. While the proposed fund-
ing level falls short of what was authorized in the America COM-
PETES Act, it represents an important and overdue right-sizing of
the agency, and we applaud the Administration’s commitment to
NSF. Among other the other priorities supported by the request,
the additional funding will enable the Foundation to advance more
cutting-edge research across all six research directorates; accelerate
innovations in STEM education and training for students from all
backgrounds; and move forward with the new Technology, Innova-
tion and Partnerships (TIP) Directorate that will be focused on use-
inspired research and technology-based solutions to pressing soci-
etal challenges. However, to allow the agency to properly support
these and other initiatives as well as deal with the impact of covid
on the construction of a number of its ongoing research projects, we
support a further increase to a level of $12.5 billion, consistent
with the level authorized in the America COMPETES Act. Such an
increase is especially important to allow the agency to get its new
TIP Directorate off the ground while continuing to increase core in-
vestments. It will also fund the many important existing and new
STEM education and broadening participation programs authorized
in COMPETES, which include a focus on geographic diversity.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
The FY23 request for NIST is $1.47 billion, an increase of $237
million or 19 percent from the FY22 enacted level. Of this, Sci-
entific and Technical Research Services—NIST’s core measurement
research and standards account—would increase by $162 million,
or 20 percent. This request would increase funding for agency re-
search into advanced communications, artificial intelligence, bio-
science, climate and energy measurements, advanced manufac-
turing, and much more. The request would also increase funding
for the NIST Center for Neutron Research to address the ongoing
shutdown of the facility caused by an incident in February 2021.
The Industrial Technology Services Account, which includes the
Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) Program and the
Manufacturing USA institutes, would be increased by nearly $198
million or 113 percent. This large increase would support two new
Manufacturing USA institutes and a 74 percent increase for MEP.
The request also increases NIST’s construction budget to $120 mil-
lion. NIST has a significant construction and maintenance backlog
on its two campuses. The agency estimates a need of $200 million
per year for five years to address this challenge—an amount well
above the President’s budget request. We support funding for con-
struction and maintenance at NIST’s research campuses sufficient
to address that backlog, so that NIST’s scientists will have cutting-
edge rather than crumbling facilities with which to carry out their
critically important research.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The President’s proposed FY23 investment of nearly $26 billion
in the nation’s civil space and aeronautics programs, a $2 billion
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[8 percent] increase over the FY22 enacted appropriation, rep-
resents a serious commitment to NASA’s programs and to a bal-
anced NASA portfolio. The President’s FY23 budget request also
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proposes continued operations for the International Space Station
and requests a 121% increase over the FY22 enacted appropriation
for preliminary work on commercial space stations that NASA is
seeking to use for research and related activities in low Earth orbit
following the end of ISS operations. The PBR proposes increases
over the FY22 enacted appropriations for space technology, STEM
education, science, and aeronautics, including NASA’s important
work on sustainable aviation and Earth and climate-related
science. Funding is also included for NASA’s Artemis Moon-Mars
human exploration initiative, but it remains to be seen whether it
is sufficient to develop and carry out a serious and sustained cam-
paign of crewed lunar missions at an acceptable level of mission
and safety risk.
Department of Energy (DOE)
The President’s request provides $16 billion overall for Depart-
ment of Energy science and energy research, development, dem-
onstration, and commercial application activities in FY23, which
would be a 16.7% increase over the total appropriated level for
these activities in FY22. However, there is wide variation in how
this proposed increase is distributed among DOE’s programs, rang-
ing from a 1.2% increase for nuclear energy R&D to 44.9% for en-
ergy efficiency and renewable energy R&D. The request also in-
cludes a proposed 55.6% increase for ARPA-E. DOE’s Office of
Science would receive a 4.3% increase. This level of growth at
DOE’s Office of Science is not sufficient to support the budget pro-
files that would be required to maintain the schedule and minimize
the total project costs of the ongoing construction of a set of ad-
vanced research facilities currently stewarded by the Office. In ad-
dition, the proposed FY23 level for the DOE Office of Science is
over a billion less than the FY22 authorization level for the Office
included in the bipartisan DOE Science for the Future Act that is
part of the America COMPETES Act. Further, the FY23 request
for the Office of Science’s fusion program would amount to a 1.4%
increase over the FY22 appropriated level. That amount is signifi-
cantly less than that authorized in the Energy Act of 2020 and the
DOE Science for the Future Act, and is inconsistent with the
progress made to date and the potential benefits of improved sup-
port for fusion energy R&D. Finally, we support the President’s re-
quest for the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-
E), which now has a proven track record that can be measured in
the number of new companies, patents, follow-on private sector
funding, and follow-on partnerships that have resulted from ARPA-
E’s investments to date.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
The President’s FY23 request for the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration (NOAA) is $6.9 billion—an increase of
$1.02 billion from the FY22 enacted level. This increase would sup-
port NOAA’s work to predict the weather, including extreme
weather associated with climate change, protect the oceans and
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coasts, and improve wildfire observation and prediction. Among the
notable increases included in the request are $720 million towards
the National Ocean Service (NOS), an increase of $70.80 million
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from the FY22 enacted level; $1.37 billion towards the National
Weather Service (NWS), an increase of $85.33 million from the
FY22 enacted level; $824 million towards the Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Research (OAR), an increase of $176.05 million from the
FY22 enacted level; $2.30 billion towards the National Environ-
mental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), an in-
crease of $680.88 million from the FY22 enacted level; and $608
million towards Mission Support (MS), an increase of $231.46 mil-
lion from the FY22 enacted level. It is also encouraging that the
request includes a $376 million investment in NOAA’s climate re-
silience activities. This includes $92 million for expanded climate
competitive research grants. It also proposes an investment of $2.3
billion for the next generation of weather satellites. Other critically
important areas of investment are a total of $120 million specifi-
cally for wildfire-related activities at NOAA, including prediction,
detection, observation, modeling, forecasting, and research. More-
over, the request intends for funds otherwise allocated to also sup-
port NOAA’s wildfire work. In addition, the request proposes at
least $80 million for research supercomputing to support weather
and climate model development. Sustained advances in research
will require the advanced computing resources needed to support
those advances. Finally, the request proposes an unprecedented
level of funding increase for the Office of Space Commerce, an in-
crease of $72 million over the FY22 enacted level of $16 million.
The request for the Office ‘‘expands opportunities for civil space sit-
uational awareness and supports the long-term sustainability of
the space environment by committing $88 million . . . in order to
improve real-time tracking and reporting of space objects and de-
bris.’’ The Committee is preparing legislation directed at space situ-
ational awareness, and as a result of that will be determining what
is an appropriate funding level for those activities at Commerce.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The President’s Budget Request for FY23 includes $11.9 billion
for EPA, a $2.34 billion increase from the FY22 enacted level. This
significant increase would support EPA’s work to follow the science,
ensure scientific integrity and science-based decision making and
will help to restore EPA’s capability to protect human health and
the environment. The request provides an investment of $864 mil-
lion, or 7.3% of EPA’s total budget, for the Science and Technology
account. This represents a $114 million increase in the Science and
Technology budget from the $750 million enacted in the FY22 ap-
propriations. Additionally, the request includes funding to support
a total of 16,204 full-time equivalents (FTE), an increase of 1,907
above the current level, to restore the Agency’s capacity to carry
out its important tasks. The request includes $644 million and
1,853 FTEs for EPA’s Office of Research and Development (ORD)
as part of the prioritization of science within the EPA. The request
provides a $37.5 million increase to Air, Climate, and Energy re-
search within ORD from FY22 enacted to conduct science and tech-
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nology activities to develop and implement strategies to improve
air quality and take action on climate change, as well as to improve
wildfire readiness.
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4.4 Oversight plan for the 117th Congress
OVERSIGHT AUTHORITY & RESPONSIBILITIES
The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology was first es-
tablished as the Committee on Science and Astronautics on July
21, 1958 in a direct response to the Soviet Union’s 1957 launch of
Sputnik 1, the world’s first satellite. The Science Committee was
created to help the United States foster innovation and stay glob-
ally competitive in the science and technology domains. House Rule
X, clause 1 (p) sets forth the legislative jurisdiction of the Com-
mittee. However, Rule X, clause 3 (k) grants the Committee ‘‘spe-
cial oversight functions’’ that stretches beyond its legislative juris-
diction. As this clause sets out: ‘‘The Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology shall review and study on a continuing basis laws,
programs, and Government activities relating to nonmilitary re-
search and development.’’ 1 This provides the Committee with wide-
ranging oversight authority over science and technology issues
throughout the government.
Each of the Committee’s five subcommittees, as well as the full
Committee, engage in oversight work as authorized by House rules.
These five subcommittees include the Subcommittee on Energy,
Subcommittee on Environment, Subcommittee on Research and
Technology, Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics, and the Sub-
committee on Investigations and Oversight. Although each sub-
committee engages in oversight efforts, the Committee’s investiga-
tions and oversight activities are led and coordinated by the Inves-
tigations & Oversight (I&O) Subcommittee.
INVESTIGATIONS AND OVERSIGHT EFFORTS IN THE 117TH CONGRESS
The federal response to COVID–19. The Committee continued its
oversight of the federal government’s response to the COVID–19
pandemic, as well as the impact of the pandemic on the federal re-
search enterprise. The Committee held five related hearings:
• February 19, 2021—Full Committee hearing: The Science
of COVID–19 Vaccines and Encouraging Vaccine Uptake
• February 25, 2021—Full Committee hearing: Building
Back the U.S. Research Enterprise: Covid Impacts and Recov-
ery
• May 12, 2021—Investigations & Oversight Subcommittee
hearing: COVID–19 Variants and Evolving Research Needs
• July 14, 2021—Investigations & Oversight Subcommittee
hearing: Principles for Outbreak Investigation: COVID–19 and
Future Infectious Diseases
• March 31, 2022—Investigations & Oversight Subcommittee
hearing: The New Normal: Preparing for and Adapting to the
Next Phase of COVID–19
Scientific Integrity.The Committee continued its oversight of sci-
entific integrity policies and procedures in the executive branch, as
well as its scrutiny of alleged instances of political interference
with federal scientific activities.
Scientific advisory committees. Federal agencies receive scientific
advice and analysis from independent science advisory committees
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to help inform policymaking. The Committee continued to examine
1 House Rule X, clause 3, (k)—attached as Appendix A.
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the structure, independence, functionality and ethical requirements
of these committees to ensure that they are able to deliver sound
expertise without undue influence by special interests.
Whistleblowers. The Committee maintained its open door policy
for any whistleblower who would like to alert Congress to issues
of waste, fraud, abuse, or mismanagement at agencies under the
Committee’s jurisdiction or within other activities within the Com-
mittee’s broad oversight authority. The Committee takes confiden-
tiality issues seriously and will always help to protect the identity
of any individual who approaches the Committee with issues of
concern.
GAO & OIGs. The Committee coordinated with the Government
Accountability Office (GAO) and the various Offices of Inspectors
General (OIGs) within agencies under the Committee’s legislative
jurisdiction to ensure Departments, programs, and agencies were
being transparent and implementing GAO and OIG recommenda-
tions. The Committee utilized the resources of the GAO and IG
community to steer them towards oversight issues of concern to the
Committee. The Committee continued to ensure the IG offices with-
in the agencies under the Committee’s jurisdiction are being man-
aged appropriately and effectively.
Cybersecurity. The Committee continued its work to ensure fed-
eral agencies complied with cybersecurity standards across the gov-
ernment, considered the quality and adequacy of the standards and
best practices themselves, and investigated reported breaches of
government and private sector computer systems when the public’s
privacy, safety, or security was endangered. The Committee held
three related hearings, the Government Accountability Office
(GAO) 2021 High Risk List included ‘‘Ensuring the Cybersecurity
of the Nation’’ and the first two hearings on the list were held pur-
suant to Rule XI, clause 2, subsection (p).
• May 25, 2021—Joint Subcommittee hearing, Investigations
& Oversight Subcommittee lead, with Research and Tech-
nology Subcommittee: Solarwinds and Beyond: Improving the
Cybersecurity of Software Supply Chains, which was also held
pursuant to Rule XI, clause 2, subsection (n).
• May 11, 2022—Joint Subcommittee hearing, Investigations
& Oversight Subcommittee lead, with Research and Tech-
nology Subcommittee: Securing the Digital Commons: Open-
Source Software Cybersecurity
• July 28, 2022—Space & Aeronautics Subcommittee hear-
ing: Exploring Cyber Space: Cybersecurity Issues for Civil and
Commercial Space Systems
Voting system design and integrity. A multitude of election sys-
tem vulnerabilities in the diffuse voting infrastructure in the
United States were exposed following the 2016 and 2018 elections.
The 2020 election cycle then saw state election officials marshalling
an unprecedented shift to mail-in and early voting in order reduce
the spread of COVID–19. The Committee continued to conduct
oversight on the cyber and physical security standards and best
practices for the complete supply chain of voting system tech-
nologies to help ensure secure and resilient elections.
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Identifying and mitigating influence operations. The use of social
media platforms for influence operations against the American pub-
lic by both domestic and foreign actors has become an area of in-
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tense interest. The Committee examined what tools and tech-
nologies are being developed by the scientific and technical commu-
nity to help identify these threats to mitigate their impact. The In-
vestigations & Oversight Subcommittee held a related hearing on
September 28, 2021: The Disinformation Black Box: Researching
Social Media Data.
Unauthorized use of private data. The unauthorized use of pri-
vate data for commercial or political purposes is a growing concern.
The Committee continued to examine such cases wherein public
trust is breached, whether the perpetrator be a government or com-
mercial entity and whether the intended use of the data is for fi-
nancial, political, or other purposes. In an increasingly digital
world, the Committee has a responsibility to expose Internet pri-
vacy failures and deliberate on potential solutions. A related full
Committee Hearing occurred on February 8, 2022: Data Challenges
Impacting Human Trafficking Research and Development of Anti-
Trafficking Technological Tools. This hearing was also held pursu-
ant to Rule XI, clause 2, subsection (n).
DHS Science & Technology Directorate. The Committee continued
to reassert its oversight of the Department of Homeland Security’s
Science & Technology Directorate in the 117th Congress. The Com-
mittee persisted with its ongoing examination of the S&T Direc-
torate’s programs and activities to ensure they are being managed
efficiently and effectively.
Sexual harassment in the sciences. Sexual harassment in aca-
demia drives talented scientists out of the field as some perpetra-
tors continue to hold high-status positions and receive federal grant
money. The Committee continued its bipartisan oversight of federal
science agencies to ensure they have clear policies in place and
handle reports of sexual harassment effectively and efficiently. A
related full Committee hearing occurred on December 6, 2022:
Building A Safer Antarctic Research Environment. This hearing
was also held pursuant to Rule XI, clause 2, subsection (n).
Academic espionage. The Committee continued to conduct bipar-
tisan oversight into the coordination and collaboration between law
enforcement, the intelligence community, and institutions of higher
education regarding the protection of sensitive, often government-
funded research. The Committee considered strategies to ensure
the United States remains a global science leader while respecting
the international collaborations that help foster U.S. innovation. A
related Joint Subcommittee hearing, led by the Investigations &
Oversight Subcommittee, with the Research and Technology Sub-
committee, occurred on October 5, 2021: Balancing Open Science
and Security in the U.S. Research Enterprise. This hearing was also
held pursuant to Rule XI, clause 2, subsection (n)
STEM Education. The Committee continued to review Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education re-
lated subjects, particularly the need to increase the diversity of in-
dividuals who have access to STEM education. The Committee ex-
amined the effectiveness of federal programs in improving the re-
cruitment and retention of a diverse pool of individuals pursuing
STEM-related degrees and careers. The Committee held two re-
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lated hearings:
• April 15, 2021—Full Committee hearing: Reimagining Our
Innovation Future
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• February 15, 2022—Research and Technology Sub-
committee hearing: Strengthening the U.S. Microelectronics
Workforce
Arctic Research. The Committee continued to examine the sci-
entific issues related to the warming of the Arctic and the environ-
mental, social, public health, and safety and security implications
that represents for the United States and the world, as well as the
challenges of Arctic research itself. The Committee held two related
hearings:
• September 20, 2022—Full Committee hearing: Amplifying
the Arctic: Strengthening Science to Respond to a Rapidly
Changing Arctic
• December 6, 2022—Full Committee hearing: Building A
Safer Antarctic Research Environment, which was held pursu-
ant to Rule XI, clause 2, subsection (n)
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). The Committee
continued to ensure that OSTP functioned as effectively as possible
to confront national science priorities, including COVID–19, and
fulfilled its statutorily mandated responsibilities.
Public Access to Federally Funded Research. The Committee con-
tinued to explore how well the model for federally funded research
papers was functioning to maximize both academic rigor in science
publishing and public access to a taxpayer funded resource.
Facial recognition technology. Facial recognition applications are
growing widely around the globe, creating privacy concerns and en-
abling misidentification of individuals by law enforcement, particu-
larly people of color. The Committee continued to explore the role
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and other
federal science agencies in evaluating and validating the perform-
ance of facial recognition technologies. A related Investigations &
Oversight Subcommittee hearing occurred on June 29, 2022: Pri-
vacy in the Age of Biometrics. This hearing was held pursuant to
Rule XI, clause 2, section (n).
Critical infrastructure and electricity grid security. The Com-
mittee continued to conduct oversight over the state of the nation’s
critical infrastructure to ensure that vulnerabilities to
cyberattacks, physical attacks, and natural hazards are identified
and remedied to the extent possible, and to ensure the government
has the capability to respond to such threats efficiently and effec-
tively. A related full Committee hearing occurred on March 18,
2021: Lessons Learned from the Texas Blackouts: Research Needs
for a Secure and Resilient Grid.
Clean energy technologies in general. The Committee conducted
oversight to ensure that the newly enacted authorizations for DOE
energy research, development, demonstration, and commercial ap-
plication (RDD&CA) programs in the Energy Act of 2020 as part
of the FY2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act, P.L. 116–260, were
executed faithfully. The Committee examined whether the Depart-
ment’s energy technology offices are supporting the full range of
high value RDD&CA activities that the private sector is unable or
unwilling to support on its own. The Committee evaluated poten-
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tially transformational clean energy technologies that could poten-
tially receive additional federal support. The Committee held eight
related hearings:
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• March 25, 2021—Energy Subcommittee hearing: Building
Technologies Research for a Sustainable Future
• May 4, 2021—Energy Subcommittee hearing: Climate and
Energy Science Research at the Department of Energy
• May 27, 2021—Full Committee hearing: Overview of the
Science and Energy Research Enterprise of the U.S. Department
of Energy
• July 16, 2021—Energy Subcommittee hearing: Fostering
Equity in Energy Innovation
• November 17, 2021—Energy Subcommittee hearing: Fos-
tering a New Era of Fusion Energy Research and Technology
Development
• February 17, 2022—Energy Subcommittee hearing:
H2Success: Research and Development to Advance a Clean Hy-
drogen Future
• March 16, 2022—Energy Subcommittee hearing: Time
Change: Bioenergy Research and Development for the Fuels and
Chemicals of Tomorrow
• April 21, 2022—Investigations & Oversight Subcommittee
hearing: Pedal to the Metal: Electric Vehicle Batteries and the
Critical Minerals Supply Chain
DOE Laboratory Complex. The management, upkeep, and secu-
rity of the Department’s aging facilities remained a continuing con-
cern of the Committee. Efforts continued to assure that the Depart-
ment will meet its responsibilities to control risks in and around
these facilities. A related Energy Subcommittee hearing occurred
on April 27, 2022: Science and Energy Research Infrastructure
Needs of the U.S. Department of Energy.
Nuclear waste cleanup. Remediation and site management of leg-
acy weapons sites accounts for over $6 billion annually from the
Department of Energy. The Committee examined whether the De-
partment is leveraging its science and technology capabilities to
their maximum potential in order to achieve site cleanups more
quickly and at less cost. The Government Accountability Office
(GAO) High Risk List has included ‘‘The U.S. Government’s Envi-
ronmental Liabilities’’ since 2017, ‘‘Department of Energy’s Con-
tract and Project Management for the National Nuclear Security
Administration and Office of Environmental Management’’ was on
the List in 2021 and the Energy Subcommittee held a hearing on
July 13, 2022: Nuclear Waste Cleanup: Research and Development
Opportunities for the Department of Energy’s Office of Environ-
mental Management, pursuant to rule XI, clause 2, subsection (p).
Nuclear energy R&D spending. The Committee examined how
the Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy informs its
decisions for financial assistance to private companies. A related
Joint Subcommittee hearing, led by the Investigations & Oversight
Subcommittee, with the Energy Subcommittee, occurred on October
21, 2021: Judicious Spending to Enable Success at the Office of Nu-
clear Energy a hearing. This hearing was held pursuant to Rule XI,
clause 2, subsection (n).
DOE Loan Programs Office. The Committee continued to provide
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oversight of the Department of Energy’s Loan Programs Office,
which the prior Administration sought to terminate, to ensure that
the Office is diligently carrying out its statutory mission.
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Fusion research. The Committee continued to provide oversight
of the Department of Energy’s fusion energy research activities to
ensure that direction provided in the Department of Energy Re-
search and Innovation Act, P.L. 115–246, and the Energy Act of
2020, a Division of P.L. 116–260, is being faithfully executed, in-
cluding the establishment of programs to advance inertial fusion
for energy applications and to advance other innovative fusion en-
ergy concepts. The Committee also continued to oversee the U.S.
contribution to the ITER fusion project to ensure that the Depart-
ment is actually providing the resources that it has projected are
required to minimize the project’s schedule and total cost. A related
Energy Subcommittee hearing occurred on November 17, 2021:
Fostering a New Era of Fusion Energy Research and Technology
Development.
Emerging technologies. The Committee continued to examine
emerging technologies such as autonomous vehicles, artificial intel-
ligence, deep fakes, and gene editing. The positive use cases of each
of these are well-documented, as are their high-profile failures and
misapplications. Where they are commercializing faster than the
technical standards, cybersecurity standards and applicable public
policies, emerging technologies may threaten the safety, security
and privacy of the American people. The Committee examined their
potential social, public health, economic, and security con-
sequences. The Committee held three related hearings:
• September 28, 2021—Investigations & Oversight Sub-
committee hearing: The Disinformation Black Box: Researching
Social Media Data
• June 29, 2022—Investigations & Oversight Subcommittee
hearing: Privacy in the Age of Biometrics. This hearing was
held pursuant to Rule IX, clause 2, section (n)
• September 29, 2022—Research and Technology Sub-
committee hearing: Trustworthy AI: Managing the Risks of Ar-
tificial Intelligence
Climate science. The Committee aggressively tracked emerging
issues and scientific studies regarding global warming and climate
science and elicited thoughtful science-based discussions on poten-
tial solutions and remedies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
This included the role of federally funded research and innovative
technology demonstration and development related to cutting-edge
mitigation and adaptation strategies. The Committee held ten re-
lated hearings:
• March 12, 2021—Full Committee hearing: The Science Be-
hind Impacts of the Climate Crisis
• April 21, 2021—Environment Subcommittee hearing:
Working Towards Climate Equity: The Case for a Federal Cli-
mate Service
• May 4, 2021—Energy Subcommittee hearing: Climate and
Energy Science Research at the Department of Energy
• May 18, 2021—Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee hear-
ing: NASA’s Earth Science and Climate Change Activities: Cur-
rent Roles and Future Opportunities
• July 21, 2021—Environment Subcommittee hearing: Silent
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Killer: The Rising Problem of Extreme Heat in the U.S.
• September 23, 2021—Environment Subcommittee hearing:
Advancing Earth System Science and Stewardship at NOAA
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• April 28, 2022—Full Committee hearing: Now or Never:
The Urgent Need for Ambitious Climate Action
• June 23, 2022—Joint Subcommittee hearing, Research and
Technology Subcommittee lead, with Environment Sub-
committee: Assessing Federal Programs for Measuring Green-
house Gas Sources and Sinks
• September 20, 2022—Full Committee hearing: Amplifying
the Arctic: Strengthening Science to Respond to a Rapidly
Changing Arctic
On March 8, 2022 the Full Committee held a hearing on Federal
Climate Adaptation and Resilience for the 21st Century. The Gov-
ernment Accountability Office (GAO) 2021 High Risk List included
‘‘Limiting the Federal Government’s Fiscal Exposure by Better
Managing Climate Change Risks’’ and this hearing was held pursu-
ant to Rule XI, clause 2, subsection (p) & (n).
Environmental effects of COVID–19. The Committee examined
how the vast societal and economic changes forced by COVID–19
have temporarily affected global environmental air quality and con-
sidered implications for environmental management strategies
going forward.
Extreme weather hazards. The severity of storms, floods, fires,
and hurricanes has increased tremendously over the past few
years, leaving a path of death and multi-billion dollar destruction
in their wake. The Committee examined various issues sur-
rounding these extreme weather events, including the science be-
hind these hazards and how climate change has increased the fre-
quency and severity of these events, improvements to forecasting
and warning, and proposed methods to reduce their impact. The
Committee held three related hearings:
• June 29, 2021—Full Committee hearing: The State of Fed-
eral Wildland Fire Science: Examining Opportunities for Fur-
ther Research & Coordination
• July 21, 2021—Environment Subcommittee hearing: Silent
Killer: The Rising Problem of Extreme Heat in the U.S.
• November 10, 2021—Research and Technology Sub-
committee hearing: Weathering the Storm: Reauthorizing the
National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program
IRIS Program Oversight. The Committee continued its long-
standing oversight of the EPA’s Integrated Risk Information Sys-
tem (IRIS). IRIS develops critical toxicological assessments of envi-
ronmental contaminants, providing the science that underpins reg-
ulations of toxic chemicals. Since a 2011 National Academies of
Sciences (NAS) report on process issues at IRIS, the program has
come a long way, and has received praise from NAS and EPA’s
Science Advisory Board (SAB) on its progress. The Committee’s
concerns that limited resources and political interference continue
to restrict the IRIS program’s productivity, resulting in delays to
critical assessments, prompted continued oversight.
EPA chemicals. The Committee continued its oversight work to
ensure that the public is being protected from the release of toxic
chemicals, that EPA is using the best available science in its chem-
ical policy decisions, and that the agency is not unduly influenced
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by the industries it is legally mandated to regulate.
Deregulatory actions at EPA. The Trump administration made
rollbacks of environmental protection a hallmark of its policy agen-
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86
da. The Committee continued to examine incidents where prin-
ciples of scientific and analytical integrity were not met in the ef-
fort to promulgate these policy measures and evaluate strategies
for ensuring EPA adheres to its mission of protecting human
health and the environment in the future.
Methane leak detection. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas.
Methane emissions in the U.S. are systemically underestimated by
the EPA, largely due to poorly quantified leaks in the oil and nat-
ural gas sector. The Committee reviewed the effectiveness of cur-
rent leak detection technologies and the need for additional data,
research, and development. A related Full Committee hearing oc-
curred on June 8, 2022: Detecting and Quantifying Methane Emis-
sions from the Oil and Gas Sector.
Earth observations satellite oversight. The Committee continued
to review the federal government’s development, management, and
operation of its earth observations satellites at both the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). These satellites
provide critical data that feed into weather forecasting and climate
models. The current and future planning of the satellite architec-
ture is crucial to ensuring continuity of data collection. The Com-
mittee held three related hearings:
• May 18, 2021—Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee hear-
ing: NASA’s Earth Science and Climate Change Activities: Cur-
rent Roles and Future Opportunities
• July 20, 2021—Full Committee hearing: Spectrum Needs
for Observations in Earth and Space Sciences. This
• September 23, 2021—Environment Subcommittee hearing:
Advancing Earth System Science and Stewardship at NOAA
• September 21, 2022—Joint Subcommittee hearing, Space
and Aeronautics Subcommittee lead, with Environment Sub-
committee: Looking Back to Predict the Future: The Next Gen-
eration of Weather Satellites
National Weather Service workforce issues. The Committee has
been concerned with workforce issues at NOAA and the National
Weather Service (NWS), which the GAO is currently investigating.
The Committee continued to monitor these issues and work with
the GAO to ensure workforce issues are handled effectively and ef-
ficiently in a manner that does not jeopardize the ability of NWS
or NOAA to perform their crucial life-saving missions. A related
Full Committee hearing occurred on October 14, 2021: The Future
of Forecasting: Building a Weather-Ready Nation on All Fronts,
which was held pursuant to Rule XI, clause 2, sub. Another related
Subcommittee on investigations and Oversight hearing was held
pursuant to Rule XI, clause 2, subsection (n), it was on March 17,
2021 and it was titled Brain Drain: Rebuilding the Federal Sci-
entific Workforce.
Access to the International Space Station (ISS). The Committee
continued to examine NASA’s oversight of contracted commercial
crewed flights and the certification of commercial crew providers to
ensure U.S. access to the ISS will continue safely and without a
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gap, as well as NASA’s contingency plan should commercial crew
certification or operational flights experience delays. A related
Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee hearing occurred on Sep-
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87
tember 21, 2021: NASA’s Future in Low Earth Orbit: Consider-
ations for International Space Station Extension and Transition.
ISS research priorities. The International Space Station, and its
crew and facilities, are precious and limited resources. The Com-
mittee conducted oversight of the use of the ISS, the prioritization
of ISS resources to meet and enable key objectives, and plans for
meeting such objectives once the ISS reaches the end of its oper-
ational life. A related Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee hear-
ing occurred on September 21, 2021: NASA’s Future in Low Earth
Orbit: Considerations for International Space Station Extension
and Transition.
Oversight of NASA’s flagship science missions. The Committee
continued to oversee the management of major flagship science
mission development projects, including the James Webb Space
Telescope, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Telescope, and the Eu-
ropa Clipper spacecraft. The Committee held three related hear-
ings:
• April 29, 2021—Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee
hearing: What Do Scientists Hope to Learn with NASA’s Mars
Perseverance Rover?
• December 1, 2021—Joint Subcommittee on Space and Aer-
onautics and Subcommittee on Research and Technology Hear-
ing: A Review of the Decadal Survey for Astronomy and Astro-
physics in the 2020s, which was held pursuant to Rule XI,
clause 2, subsection (n)
• March 1, 2022—Pursuant to Rule XI, clause 2, subsection
(n)(2) the Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee held the hear-
ing: Keeping Our Sights on Mars Part 3: A Status Update and
Review of NASA’s Artemis Initiative
• November 16, 2022—Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee
hearing: Unfolding the Universe: Initial Science Results from
the James Webb Space Telescope
On March 1, 2022 Pursuant to
NASA Earth Science programs. NASA’s Earth science programs
offer valuable insights into Earth systems, climate change, severe
weather, land change, and more. The Committee conducted over-
sight of NASA’s Earth science program, its progress in imple-
menting the priorities of the 2018 National Academies’ Earth
science decadal survey, and its contributions to climate change re-
search. The Committee held two related hearings:
• May 18, 2021—Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee hear-
ing: NASA’s Earth Science and Climate Change Activities: Cur-
rent Roles and Future Opportunities
• September 21, 2022—Joint Subcommittee hearing, Space
and Aeronautics Subcommittee lead, with Environment Sub-
committee: Looking Back to Predict the Future: The Next Gen-
eration of Weather Satellites
Orbital Debris. Hundreds of thousands of debris objects orbit the
Earth. Travelling at very high velocities, debris of any size can
pose significant risk to active space systems and human spaceflight
operations. Mega constellation deployments comprising thousands
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of small satellites increase potential collision risk. The Committee
conducted oversight of NASA’s activities in orbital debris moni-
toring, mitigation, and modeling, as well as its efforts to coordinate
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88
with other Federal agencies and internationally on orbital debris
mitigation standards and guidelines.
Human spaceflight schedule pressure. The Space Shuttle Chal-
lenger accident in 1986 made clear that launch pressure can lead
to catastrophic consequences. In all expeditions, but particularly
human space flight, oversight must be conducted to ensure that
schedule pressures do not influence decisions that have implica-
tions for the overall safety of human spaceflight systems and oper-
ations. The Committee continued to assess all matters pertaining
to launch pressure and human space flight.
Lunar Campaign. The Trump Administration prioritized a return
to lunar expeditions at NASA. Lunar missions could ostensibly con-
tribute to the mission of getting humans to Mars. However, with-
out clear objectives as part of a human exploration roadmap, sig-
nificant investments in a lunar campaign could delay the United
States’ efforts to send humans to the surface of Mars by the 2030s.
The Committee examined the status of lunar activities, NASA’s
management of development projects, and how they would con-
tribute toward the goal of a manned mission to Mars. A related
Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee hearing occurred on March 1,
2022: Keeping Our Sights on Mars Part 3: A Status Update and Re-
view of NASA’s Artemis Initiative.
Civil Aeronautics Research and Development. The Committee
evaluated research and development activities at the Federal Avia-
tion Administration (FAA) and NASA’s aeronautics research into
topics including the next generation air transportation system
(NextGen), the integration of unmanned aviation systems into the
national airspace system, safety of civil aviation and aeronautics,
and efforts to mitigate the environmental impacts of civil aviation.
The Committee held three related hearings:
• March 24, 2021—Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee
hearing: Examining R&D Pathways to Sustainable Aviation
• May 12, 2022—Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee hear-
ing: Space Situational Awareness: Guiding the Transition to a
Civil Capability
• July 28, 2022—Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee hear-
ing: Exploring Cyber Space: Cybersecurity Issues for Civil and
Commercial Space Systems
FAA Commercial Space Transportation. FAA’s Office of Commer-
cial Space Transportation licenses commercial launch and reentry
vehicles and commercial spaceports. The Committee conducted
oversight on the FAA’s AST, its licensing activities, and the imple-
mentation of the FAA’s updated launch and reentry licensing regu-
lations. In addition, the Committee examined the growing commer-
cial launch industry, including the emerging commercial human
space flight industry, and the challenges facing it. The Committee
held two related hearings:
• May 12, 2022— Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee
hearing: Space Situational Awareness: Guiding the Transition
to a Civil Capability
• July 28, 2022—Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee hear-
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ing: Exploring Cyber Space: Cybersecurity Issues for Civil and
Commercial Space Systems
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89
CONSULTATION WITH OTHER COMMITTEES
The Committee coordinated on the following oversight priorities
with other House Committees as appropriate:
• With Administration on election security technologies
• With Agriculture on integrity in cost-benefit analysis,
biofuels, and climate change
• With Energy & Commerce on environmental policy, includ-
ing climate change, emerging trends in technology that may af-
fect American consumers, and public health research priorities
• With Homeland Security on facial recognition technology,
advanced technology strategies for national security, including
cybersecurity, and for addressing chemical, biological, radio-
logical and nuclear threats
• With Natural Resources on climate change science, ad-
vanced energy technologies, and geological sciences
• With Oversight and Reform on ensuring the effectiveness
and independence of Inspectors General at federal science
agencies, on scientific integrity in the federal response to
COVID–19, cybersecurity in federal agencies, the federal
science workforce, and other general oversight priorities
• With Transportation & Infrastructure on advanced infra-
structure materials and technologies, strategies for reducing
aircraft emissions and climate resiliency of transportation in-
frastructure
• With the Select Committee on the Climate Crisis on cli-
mate science priorities
4.5. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology History
of Appointments, 117th Congress
January 4, 2021
Ms. Eddie Bernice Johnson (TX) named Chair (H. Res. 9)
Mr. Lucas (OK) named Ranking Minority Member (H. Res. 10)
January 28, 2021
Ms. Lofgren (CA), Ms. Bonamici (OR), Mr. Bera (CA), Ms. Ste-
vens (MI), Ms. Sherrill (NJ), Mr. Bowman (NY), Mr. Sherman (CA),
Mr. Perlmutter (CO), Mr. McNerney (CA), Mr. Tonko (NY), Mr.
Foster (IL), Mr. Norcross (NJ), Mr. Beyer (VA), Mr. Crist (FL), Mr.
Casten (IL), Mr. Lamb (PA), and Ms. Ross (NC) appointed.(H. Res.
62)
Mr. Brooks (AL), Mr. Posey (FL), Mr. Weber (TX), Mr. Babin
(TX), Mr. Gonzalez (OH), Mr. Waltz (FL), Mr. Baird (IN), Mr. Ses-
sions (TX), Mr. Webster (FL), Mr. Garcia (CA), Mrs. Bice (OK),
Mrs. Kim (CA), Mr. Feenstra (IA), Mr. LaTurner (KS), Mr.
Gimenez (FL), Mr. Obernolte (CA),and Mr. Meijer (MI) appointed
(H. Res 63)
February 11, 2021
Ms. Moore (WS), Mr. Kildee (MI), Ms. Wild (PA), and Ms. Fletch-
er (TX) appointed (H. Res. 111)
February 12, 2021
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Democrat Members assigned to Subcommittees; Mr. Bowman
named Subcommittee on Energy Chair; Ms. Bonamici named Sub-
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90
committee on Environment Chair; Mr. Foster named Subcommittee
on Investigations and Oversight Chair; Ms. Stevens named Sub-
committee on Research and Technology Chair; Mr. Beyer named
Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics. Ami Bera named Vice
Chair of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology.
February 25, 2021
Republican Members assigned to Subcommittees; Mr. Weber
named Subcommittee on Energy Ranking Member; Ms. Bice named
Subcommittee on Environment Ranking Member; Mr. Obernolte
named Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight Ranking
Member; Mr. Waltz named Subcommittee on Research and Tech-
nology Ranking Member; Mr. Babin named Subcommittee on Space
and Aeronautics Ranking Member.
March 3, 2021
Ms. Stevens named Vice Chair.
June 15, 2021
Ms. Stansbury appointed (H. Res. 475) (to rank immediately
after Mr. Bowman).
June 28, 2021
Mr. Sessions resigned as a member of the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology.
August 24, 2021
Mr. Ellzey (TX) appointed (H. Res. 602).
December 1, 2021
Mr. Carey (OH) appointed (H. Res. 826).
February 10, 2022
Mr. Waltz stepped down as Ranking Member of the Sub-
committee on Research and Technology and was replaced by Mr.
Feenstra.
August 31, 2022
Mr. Crist resigned as a member of the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology as well as from his office as the Representa-
tive for Florida’s 13th Congressional District.
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4.6.
CONTENTS
Rules of the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
U.S. House of Representatives
For the One Hundred Seventeenth Congress
Rule I. General ...................................................................................................... 92
(a) Application of Rules .................................................................................... 92
(b) Other Procedures ........................................................................................ 92
(c) Use of Hearing Rooms ................................................................................ 92
Rule II. Regular, Additional, and Special Meetings .................................... 92
(a) Regular Meetings ........................................................................................ 92
(b) Bills and Subjects to be Considered .......................................................... 92
(c) Open Meetings ............................................................................................. 93
(d) Quorums ...................................................................................................... 93
(e) Postponement of Proceedings ..................................................................... 93
(f) Time for Statements and Debate ................................................................ 93
(g) Requests for Recorded Vote ........................................................................ 93
(h) Transcripts .................................................................................................. 93
(i) Motion to Go to Conference ......................................................................... 94
Rule III. Hearings ................................................................................................. 94
(a) Notice of Hearings ...................................................................................... 94
(b) Witnesses ..................................................................................................... 94
(c) Questioning of Witnesses ............................................................................ 95
(d) Claims of Privilege ...................................................................................... 95
(e) Publication of Transcripts .......................................................................... 95
(f) Pertinence of Testimony .............................................................................. 95
Rule IV. Reports ................................................................................................... 95
Rule V. Broadcasting ........................................................................................... 96
Rule VI. Subcommittees ..................................................................................... 96
(a) Committee Jurisdiction .............................................................................. 96
(b) Subcommittees and Jurisdiction ................................................................ 96
(1) Subcommittee on Energy ..................................................................... 96
(2) Subcommittee on Environment ........................................................... 97
(3) Subcommittee on Research and Technology ....................................... 97
(4) Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics ........................................... 98
(5) Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight ................................. 98
(c) Composition of Subcommittees ................................................................... 98
(d) Referral to Subcommittees ......................................................................... 98
(e) Subcommittee Procedures and Reports ..................................................... 98
Rule VII. Vice Chairs ........................................................................................... 99
Rule VIII. Oversight and Investigations ........................................................ 99
Rule IX. Subpoenas .............................................................................................. 100
Rule X. Deposition Authority ............................................................................ 100
Rule XI. Committee Records ............................................................................. 100
Rule XII. Official Committee Website ............................................................. 100
Rule XIII. Committee Budget ............................................................................ 100
Rule XIV. Amendments to Committee Rules ................................................. 100
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91
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Rule I. General
(a) Application of Rules.
(1) The Rules of the House of Representatives (‘‘House
Rules’’) are the rules of the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology and its Subcommittees with the specific additions
thereto contained in these rules.
(2) Except where the term ‘‘Subcommittee’’ is specifically re-
ferred to, the following rules shall apply to the Committee and
its Subcommittees as well as to the respective Chairs and
Ranking Minority Members.
(b) Other Procedures. The Chair of the Committee, after con-
sultation with the Ranking Minority Member of the Committee,
may establish such other procedures and take such actions as may
be necessary to carry out these rules or to facilitate the effective
operation of the Committee.
(c) Use of Hearing Rooms. In consultation with the Ranking Mi-
nority Member, the Chair of the Committee shall establish guide-
lines for the use of Committee hearing rooms.
Rule II. Regular, Additional, and Special Meetings
(a) Regular Meetings. The regular meeting day of the Committee
for the conduct of its business shall be on the first Wednesday of
each month, if the House is in session. If the House is not in ses-
sion on that day, then the Committee shall meet on the next
Wednesday of such month on which the House is in session, or at
another practicable time as determined by the Chair.
(1) A regular meeting of the Committee may be dispensed
with if, in the judgment of the Chair, there is no need for the
meeting.
(2) The Chair may call and convene, when the Chair con-
siders it necessary and in accordance with the notice require-
ments contained in these rules, additional meetings of the
Committee for the consideration of any bill or resolution pend-
ing before the Committee or for the conduct of other Com-
mittee business.
(b) Bills and Subjects to be Considered.
(1) The Chair shall announce the date, place, and subject
matter of any Committee meeting, which may not commence
earlier than the third calendar day (excluding Saturdays, Sun-
days, or legal holidays except when the House is in session on
such a day) on which Members have notice thereof, unless the
Chair, with the concurrence of the Ranking Minority Member,
or the Committee by majority vote with a quorum present for
the transaction of business, determines there is good cause to
begin the meeting sooner, in which case the Chair shall make
the announcement at the earliest possible date.
(2) At least 48 hours prior to the commencement of a meet-
ing for the markup of legislation (excluding Saturdays, Sun-
days, and legal holidays except when the House is in session
on such a day), the Chair shall cause the text of such legisla-
tion to be made publicly available in electronic form.
(3) To the maximum extent practicable, amendments to a
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measure or matter shall be submitted in writing or electroni-
cally to the designee of both the Chair and Ranking Minority
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93
Member at least 24 hours prior to the consideration of the
measure or matter, and the Chair may oppose any amendment
not so submitted.
(c) Open Meetings. Meetings for the transaction of business and
hearings of the Committee shall be open to the public or closed in
accordance with the House Rules.
(d) Quorums. A majority of the Committee shall form a quorum,
except that two Members shall constitute a quorum for taking tes-
timony and receiving evidence, and one third of the Members shall
form a quorum for taking any action other than for which the pres-
ence of a majority of the Committee is otherwise required. If the
Chair is not present at any meeting of the Committee or Sub-
committee, the Vice Chair on the Committee who is present shall
preside at the meeting, unless another Member of the Committee
is designated by the Chair.
(e) Postponement of Proceedings.
(1) Pursuant to clause 2(h)(4) of House Rule XI, the Chair
may postpone further proceedings when a record vote is or-
dered on the question of approving a measure or matter or on
adopting an amendment. The Chair may resume proceedings
on a postponed vote at any time after reasonable notice.
(2) When proceedings resume on a postponed question, not-
withstanding any intervening order for the previous question,
an underlying proposition shall remain subject to further de-
bate or amendment to the same extent as when the question
was postponed.
(f) Time for Statements and Debate.
(1) Insofar as is practicable, the Chair, after consultation
with the Ranking Minority Member, shall limit the total time
of opening statements by Members at a Committee meeting to
no more than ten minutes, the time to be divided equally be-
tween the Chair and Ranking Minority Member, except in the
case of joint Subcommittee hearings, in which case the total
time of opening statements by Members at such joint hearing
shall be no more than twenty minutes, the time to be divided
equally between the Chairs and Ranking Minority Members.
When requested, ex officio Members of any Subcommittee shall
also be recognized at a Subcommittee hearing for five minutes
each to present an opening statement.
(2) The time any one Member may address the Committee
on any bill, amendment, motion, or other matter under consid-
eration by the Committee will be limited to five minutes, and
then only when the Member has been recognized by the Chair.
This time limit may be waived by the Chair pursuant to unani-
mous consent.
(g) Requests for Recorded Vote. A record vote of the Committee
shall be provided on any question before the Committee upon the
request of three or more Members or, in the apparent absence of
a quorum, by any one Member.
(h) Transcripts. Transcripts of markups shall be recorded and
may be published in the same manner as hearings before the Com-
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mittee, and shall be included as part of the legislative report unless
waived by the Chair of the Committee.
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94
(i) Motion to Go to Conference. Without further action of the
Committee, the Chair is authorized to offer a motion under clause
1 of House Rule XXII whenever the Chair considers it appropriate.
Rule III. Hearings
(a) Notice of Hearings.
(1) The Chair shall publicly announce the date, place, and
subject matter of any hearing to be conducted by the Com-
mittee on any measure or matter at least one week before the
commencement of that hearing. If the Chair, with the concur-
rence of the Ranking Minority Member, determines there is
good cause to begin the hearing sooner, or if the Committee so
determines by majority vote, a quorum being present for the
transaction of business, the Chair shall make the announce-
ment at the earliest possible date.
(2) The Chair shall publicly announce a list of witnesses to
testify at a hearing as soon as a complete list of witnesses, in-
cluding those to be called by the minority, is compiled. When
practicable, the Chair and the Ranking Minority Member will
seek to have a complete list of witnesses compiled at, or as
soon as practicable after, the time that the hearing is publicly
announced.
(b) Witnesses. (1) Insofar as is practicable, no later than 48
hours in advance of his or her appearance, each witness who is to
appear before the Committee shall file, in printed copy and in elec-
tronic form, a written statement of his or her proposed testimony
and a curriculum vitae.
(2) Each witness shall limit his or her presentation to a five
minute summary, however additional time may be granted by
the Chair when appropriate.
(3) The Chair, or any Member of the Committee designated
by the Chair, may administer oaths to witnesses before the
Committee.
(4) Whenever any hearing is conducted by the Committee on
any measure or matter, the Minority Members of the Com-
mittee shall be entitled, upon request to the Chair by a major-
ity of them before the completion of the hearing, to call wit-
nesses selected by the Minority to testify with respect to the
measure or matter during at least one day of hearing thereon.
(5) In the case of a witness appearing in a nongovernmental
capacity, a written statement of proposed testimony shall in-
clude:
a. A curriculum vitae;
b. A disclosure of any Federal grants or contracts, or
contracts, grants, or payments originating with a foreign
government, received during the past 36 months by the
witness or by an entity represented by the witness and re-
lated to the subject matter of the hearing; and,
c. A disclosure of whether the witness is a fiduciary (in-
cluding, but not limited to, a director, officer, advisor, or
resident agent) of any organization or entity that has an
interest in the subject matter of the hearing.
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Such statements, with appropriate redactions to protect
the privacy or security of the witness, shall be made pub-
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95
licly available in electronic form 24 hours before the wit-
ness appears to the extent practicable, but not later than
one day after the witness appears.
(c) Questioning of Witnesses.
(1) The right to interrogate a witness before the Committee
shall alternate between Majority and Minority Members of the
Committee. Each Member shall be limited to five minutes in
the interrogation of witnesses. No Member may be recognized
for a second period of interrogation until each Member present,
who wishes to be recognized, has been recognized at least once.
(2) Notwithstanding clause 1, upon a motion the Chair, in
consultation with the Ranking Minority Member, may:
a. Designate a specified number of Members of the Com-
mittee from each party to question a witness for a period
of time equally divided between the majority party and the
minority party, not to exceed one hour in the aggregate; or
b. Designate staff from each party to question a witness
for a period of time equally divided between the majority
party and the minority party, not to exceed one hour in the
aggregate.
(3) Members of the Committee have two weeks from the date
of a hearing to submit additional questions in writing for the
record to be answered by witnesses who have appeared before
the Committee. The letters of transmittal and any responses
thereto shall be included in the hearing record.
(d) Claims of Privilege. Claims of common-law privileges made by
witnesses in hearings, or by interviewees or deponents in investiga-
tions or inquiries, are applicable only at the discretion of the Chair,
subject to appeal to the Committee.
(e) Publication of Transcripts. The transcripts of those hearings
conducted by the Committee, when it is decided they will be print-
ed, shall be published in substantially verbatim form, with the ma-
terial requested for the record inserted at that place requested, or
at the end of the record, as appropriate. Individuals, including
Members, whose comments are to be published as part of a Com-
mittee document shall be given the opportunity to verify the accu-
racy of the transcription in advance of publication. Any requests by
those Members, staff, or witnesses to correct any errors other than
errors in the transcript, or disputed errors in transcription, shall
be appended to the record, and the appropriate place where the
change is requested will be footnoted. Prior to approval by the
Chair of hearings conducted jointly with another Congressional
Committee, a memorandum of understanding shall be prepared
which incorporates an agreement for the publication of the tran-
script.
(f) Pertinence of Testimony. At the discretion of the Committee,
brief and pertinent statements may be submitted in writing for in-
clusion in the record. The Committee is the sole judge of the perti-
nence of testimony and evidence adduced at its hearing.
Rule IV. Reports
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(a) Bills and resolutions approved by the Committee shall be re-
ported by the Chair pursuant to clauses 2–4 of House Rule XIII.
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96
(b) A proposed investigative or oversight report shall be consid-
ered as read if it has been available to the Members of the Com-
mittee for at least 24 hours (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, or legal
holidays except when the House is in session on such days).
(c) Every investigative or oversight report shall be approved by
a majority vote of the Committee at a meeting at which a quorum
is present. If at the time of approval of such a report a Member
of the Committee gives notice of intent to file supplemental, minor-
ity, additional, or dissenting views that Member shall be entitled
to file such views.
(d) Only those investigative or oversight reports approved by a
majority vote of the Committee may be ordered printed, unless oth-
erwise required by House Rules.
Rule V. Broadcasting
(a) Whenever a meeting for the transaction of business, including
the markup of legislation or a hearing is open to the public, that
meeting or hearing shall be open to coverage by television, radio,
and still photography in accordance with clause 4 of House Rule
XI.
(b) To the maximum extent practicable, the Committee shall pro-
vide audio and visual coverage of each hearing or meeting for the
transaction of business in a manner that allows the public to easily
listen to and view the proceedings, and maintain the recordings of
such coverage in a manner that is easily accessible to the public.
Operation and use of any Committee internet broadcast system
shall be fair and nonpartisan, and in accordance with clauses 4 (b)
and (f) of House Rule XI and all other applicable rules of the Com-
mittee and the House.
Rule VI. Subcommittees
(a) Committee Jurisdiction. The Committee shall have jurisdic-
tion over such matters as determined by the Chair.
(b) Subcommittees and Jurisdiction. There shall be five standing
Subcommittees of the Committee on Science, Space, and Tech-
nology, with jurisdictions as follows:
(1) Subcommittee on Energy. Shall have jurisdiction over the
following subject matters: all matters relating to energy re-
search, development, and demonstration projects therefor; com-
mercial application of energy technology; Department of En-
ergy research, development, and demonstration programs; De-
partment of Energy laboratories; Department of Energy science
activities; Department of Energy international research, devel-
opment, and demonstration projects; energy supply activities;
nuclear, solar, and renewable energy, and other advanced en-
ergy technologies; uranium supply and enrichment, and De-
partment of Energy waste management; Department of Energy
environmental management research, development, and dem-
onstration; fossil energy research and development; clean coal
technology; energy conservation research and development, in-
cluding building performance, alternate fuels, distributed
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power systems, and industrial process improvements; pipeline
research, development, and demonstration projects; energy
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standards; other appropriate matters as referred by the Chair;
and relevant oversight.
(2) Subcommittee on Environment. Shall have jurisdiction
over the following subject matters: all matters relating to envi-
ronmental research; Environmental Protection Agency research
and development; environmental standards; climate change re-
search and development; the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, including all activities related to weath-
er, weather services, climate, the atmosphere, marine fisheries,
and oceanic research; risk assessment activities; scientific
issues related to environmental policy, including climate
change; other appropriate matters as referred by the Chair;
and relevant oversight.
(3) Subcommittee on Research and Technology. Shall have ju-
risdiction over the following subject matters: all matters relat-
ing to science policy and science education; the Office of
Science and Technology Policy; all scientific research, and sci-
entific and engineering resources (including human resources);
all matters relating to science, technology, engineering and
mathematics education; intergovernmental mechanisms for re-
search, development, and demonstration and cross-cutting pro-
grams; international scientific cooperation; National Science
Foundation; university research policy, including infrastructure
and overhead; university research partnerships, including
those with industry; science scholarships; computing, commu-
nications, networking, and information technology; research
and development relating to health, biomedical, and nutritional
programs; research, development, and demonstration relating
to nanoscience, nanoengineering, and nanotechnology; agricul-
tural, geological, biological and life sciences research; materials
research, development, demonstration, and policy; all matters
relating to competitiveness, technology, standards, and innova-
tion; standardization of weights and measures, including tech-
nical standards, standardization, and conformity assessment;
measurement, including the metric system of measurement;
the Technology Administration of the Department of Com-
merce; the National Institute of Standards and Technology; the
National Technical Information Service; competitiveness, in-
cluding small business competitiveness; tax, antitrust, regu-
latory and other legal and governmental policies related to
technological development and commercialization; technology
transfer, including civilian use of defense technologies; patent
and intellectual property policy; international technology trade;
research, development, and demonstration activities of the De-
partment of Transportation; surface and water transportation
research, development, and demonstration programs; earth-
quake programs and fire research programs, including those
related to wildfire proliferation research and prevention; bio-
technology policy; research, development, demonstration, and
standards-related activities of the Department of Homeland
Security; Small Business Innovation Research and Technology
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Transfer; voting technologies and standards; other appropriate
matters as referred by the Chair; and relevant oversight.
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98
(4) Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics. Shall have juris-
diction over the following subject matters: all matters relating
to astronautical and aeronautical research and development;
national space policy, including access to space; sub-orbital ac-
cess and applications; National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration and its contractor and government-operated labs;
space commercialization, including commercial space activities
relating to the Department of Transportation and the Depart-
ment of Commerce; exploration and use of outer space; inter-
national space cooperation; the National Space Council; space
applications, space communications and related matters;
Earth remote sensing policy; civil aviation research, develop-
ment, and demonstration; research, development, and dem-
onstration programs of the Federal Aviation Administration;
space law; other appropriate matters as referred by the Chair;
and relevant oversight.
(5) Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight. Shall have
general and special investigative authority on all matters with-
in the jurisdiction of the Committee.
(c) Composition of Subcommittees.
(1) The Chair shall assign Members to the Subcommittees.
Minority party assignments shall be made only with the con-
currence of the Ranking Minority Member. The Chair shall de-
termine the ratio of Majority Members to Minority Members of
each Subcommittee; provided that the ratio of Majority Mem-
bers to Minority Members on each Subcommittee (excluding
any ex officio Member) shall be no less favorable to the Major-
ity party than the ratio for the Committee.
(2) The Chair and Ranking Minority Member of the Com-
mittee shall be ex officio Members of each Subcommittee and
shall have the right to vote and be counted as part of the
quorum and ratios on all matters before the Subcommittee.
(d) Referral to Subcommittees. The Chair shall expeditiously
refer all legislation and other matters referred to the Committee to
the Subcommittee or Subcommittees of appropriate jurisdiction,
unless the Chair deems consideration is to be by the Committee.
Subcommittee Chairs may make requests for referral of specific
matters to their Subcommittee if they believe Subcommittee juris-
dictions so warrants.
(e) Subcommittee Procedures and Reports.
(1) Subcommittee Chairs shall set meeting dates with the
concurrence of the Chair and after consultation with the other
Subcommittee Chairs with a view toward avoiding simulta-
neous scheduling of Subcommittee meetings or hearings wher-
ever possible. No Subcommittee may meet or hold a hearing at
the same time as a meeting or hearing of the Committee with-
out authorization from the Chair.
(2) Each Subcommittee is authorized to meet, hold hearings,
receive testimony or evidence, mark up legislation, and report
to the Committee on all matters referred to it. For matters
within its jurisdiction, each Subcommittee is authorized to con-
duct legislative, investigative, forecasting, and general over-
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sight hearings; to conduct inquiries into the future; and to un-
dertake budget impact studies.
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(3) Each Subcommittee shall provide the Committee with
copies of such records of votes taken in the Subcommittee and
such other records with respect to the Subcommittee as the
Chair of the Committee deems necessary to ensure compliance
with the House Rules.
(4) After ordering a measure or matter reported, a Sub-
committee shall issue a report in such form as the Chair shall
specify. To the maximum extent practicable, reports and rec-
ommendations of a Subcommittee shall not be considered by
the Committee until after the intervention of 48 hours (exclud-
ing Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays except when the
House is in session on such a day) from the time the report is
submitted and made available to the Committee. Printed hear-
ings thereon shall be made available, if feasible, to the Com-
mittee, except that this Rule may be waived at the discretion
of the Chair after consultation with the Ranking Minority
Member.
(5) Any Member of the Committee may have the privilege of
sitting with any Subcommittee during its hearings or delibera-
tions and may participate in such hearings or deliberations,
but no Member who is not a Member of the Subcommittee
shall vote on any matter before such Subcommittee, except as
provided in Rule VI(c)(2).
Rule VII. Vice Chairs
(a) The Chair of the Committee shall designate a Member of the
majority party to serve as Vice Chair of the Committee, and shall
designate a Majority Member of each Subcommittee to serve as
Vice Chair of the Subcommittee. Vice Chairs of the Committee and
each Subcommittee serve at the pleasure of the Chair, who may at
any time terminate his designation of a Member as Vice Chair and
designate a different Member of the majority party to serve as Vice
Chair of the Committee or relevant Subcommittee.
(b) The Chair may assign duties, privileges, and responsibilities
to the Vice Chairs of the Committee or the various Subcommittees.
Rule VIII. Oversight and Investigations
(a) The Committee shall review and study, on a continuing basis,
the application, administration, execution, and effectiveness of
those laws, or parts of laws, the subject matter of which is within
its jurisdiction, including all laws, programs, and Government ac-
tivities relating to nonmilitary research and development in accord-
ance with House Rule X.
(b) Not later than March 1st of the first session of the 117th Con-
gress, the Chair, after consultation with the Ranking Minority
Member, shall submit the Committee’s oversight plan to the Com-
mittee on Oversight and the Committee on House Administration
in accordance with the provisions of clause 2(d) of House Rule X.
(c) Any investigation undertaken in the name of the Committee
shall be approved by the Chair. Nothing in this subsection shall be
interpreted to infringe on a Subcommittee’s authority to conduct
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general oversight of matters within its jurisdiction, short of under-
taking an investigation.
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100
Rule IX. Subpoenas
The power to authorize and issue subpoenas is delegated to the
Chair as provided for under clause 2(m)(3)(A)(i) of House Rule XI.
The Chair shall notify the Ranking Minority Member prior to
issuing any subpoena under such authority. To the extent prac-
ticable, the Chair shall consult with the Ranking Minority Member
at least 24 hours in advance of a subpoena being issued under such
authority.
Rule X. Deposition Authority
The Chair may authorize the staff of the Committee to conduct
depositions pursuant to section 3 of House Resolution 8, 117th Con-
gress, and subject to any regulations issued pursuant thereto.
Rule XI. Committee Records
(a) The records of the Committee at the National Archives and
Records Administration shall be made available for public use in
accordance with House Rule VII.
(b) The Chair shall notify the Ranking Minority Member of the
Committee of any decision, pursuant to clauses 3(b)(3) or 4(b) of
House Rule VII, to withhold a record otherwise available, and the
matter shall be presented to the Committee for a determination on
the written request of any Member of the Committee.
Rule XII. Official Committee Website
The Chair shall maintain an official Committee website for the
purpose of furthering the Committee’s legislative and oversight re-
sponsibilities, including communicating information about the
Committee’s activities to Committee Members and other Members
of the House. The Ranking Minority Member of the Committee
may maintain a similar website for the same purpose, including
communicating information about the activities of the minority to
Committee Members and other Members of the House.
Rule XIII. Committee Budget
From the amount provided to the Committee in the primary ex-
pense resolution adopted by the House of Representatives in the
117th Congress, the Chair shall designate one-third of the budget,
after adjustment for the salaries of the shared administrative func-
tions for the Clerk, Printer and Financial Administrator, under the
direction of the Ranking Minority Member for the purposes of mi-
nority staff, travel expenses of minority staff and Members, and all
other minority office expenses.
Rule XIV. Amendments to Committee Rules
The rules of the Committee may be modified, amended, or re-
pealed, in the same manner and method as prescribed for the adop-
tion of committee rules in clause 2 of House Rule XI, but only if
written notice of the proposed change has been provided to each
such Member at least 3 days before the time of the meeting at
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which the vote on the change occurs. Any such change in the rules
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101
of the Committee shall be published in the Congressional Record
within 30 calendar days after their approval.
Æ
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