Legislative and Oversight Activities of the Committee on Ways and Means During the 116th Congress
Summary
House Report 116–721, Union Calendar No. 605, is the Report on the Legislative and Oversight Activities of the Committee on Ways and Means During the 116th Congress, ordered to be printed January 2, 2021. After the title page it lists the full committee members, with Richard E. Neal as Chairman and Kevin Brady as Ranking Member, and notes that John Lewis passed away on July 17, 2020 and that Cedric Richmond joined the committee on September 22, 2020. A letter of transmittal dated January 2, 2021 from Chairman Neal to Cheryl L. Johnson, Clerk of the House, transmits the report pursuant to House Rule XI, clause 1(d). The text read ends with that letter.
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“Legislative and Oversight Activities of the Committee on Ways and Means During the 116th Congress.”
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1
Union Calendar No. 605
116TH CONGRESS REPORT
" HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES !
2d Session 116–721
REPORT ON THE LEGISLATIVE AND
OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES
OF THE
COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
DURING THE
116TH CONGRESS
JANUARY 2, 2021.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on
the State of the Union and ordered to be printed
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U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE
42–841 WASHINGTON : 2021
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COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
FULL COMMITTEE MEMBERS
116TH CONGRESS
RICHARD E. NEAL, Massachusetts, Chairman
JOHN LEWIS, Georgia ** KEVIN BRADY, Texas, Ranking Member
LLOYD DOGGETT, Texas DEVIN NUNES, California
MIKE THOMPSON, California VERN BUCHANAN, Florida
JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut ADRIAN SMITH, Nebraska
EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon KENNY MARCHANT, Texas
RON KIND, Wisconsin TOM REED, New York
BILL PASCRELL, JR., New Jersey MIKE KELLY, Pennsylvania
DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois GEORGE HOLDING, North Carolina
LINDA T. SÁNCHEZ, California JASON SMITH, Missouri
BRIAN HIGGINS, New York TOM RICE, South Carolina
TERRI A. SEWELL, Alabama DAVID SCHWEIKERT, Arizona
SUZAN DELBENE, Washington JACKIE WALORSKI, Indiana
JUDY CHU, California DARIN LAHOOD, Illinois
GWEN MOORE, Wisconsin BRAD R. WENSTRUP, Ohio
DAN KILDEE, Michigan JODEY ARRINGTON, Texas
BRENDAN BOYLE, Pennsylvania DREW FERGUSON, Georgia
DON BEYER, Virginia RON ESTES, Kansas
DWIGHT EVANS, Pennsylvania
BRAD SCHNEIDER, Illinois
TOM SUOZZI, New York
JIMMY PANETTA, California
STEPHANIE MURPHY, Florida
JIMMY GOMEZ, California
STEVEN HORSFORD, Nevada
CEDRIC RICHMOND, Louisiana *
* The Honorable Cedric Richmond joined the Committee on September 22, 2020.
** The Honorable John Lewis passed away on July 17, 2020.
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(II)
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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS,
Washington, DC, January 2, 2021.
Hon. CHERYL L. JOHNSON,
Clerk of the House of Representatives,
Washington, DC.
DEAR MS. JOHNSON: I am herewith transmitting, pursuant to
House Rule XI, clause 1(d), the report of the Committee on Ways
and Means on its legislative and oversight activities during the
116th Congress.
Sincerely,
RICHARD E. NEAL,
Chairman.
(III)
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CONTENTS
Page
Transmittal Letter ................................................................................................... III
Foreword ................................................................................................................... VII
I. Legislative Activity Review ............................................................................. 1
A. Legislative Review of Tax Issues ..................................................... 1
B. Legislative Review of Trade Issues ................................................. 9
C. Legislative Review of Health Issues ................................................ 15
D. Legislative Review of Worker and Family Support Issues ............ 27
E. Legislative Review of Social Security Issues .................................. 33
F. Legislative Review of Oversight Issues ........................................... 34
G. Legislative Review of Multi-jurisdictional issues ........................... 37
II. Oversight Activity Review ............................................................................... 38
A. Oversight Agenda .............................................................................. 38
B. Actions Taken and Recommendations Made with Respect To
1. Oversight ........................................................................................ 45
2. Trade ............................................................................................... 58
3. Select Revenue Measures .............................................................. 78
4. Worker and Family Support ......................................................... 81
5. Health ............................................................................................. 82
6. Social Security ................................................................................ 84
C. Public Hearings ................................................................................. 85
D. Markups ............................................................................................ 88
Appendix I. Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means ........................ 89
Appendix II. Statistical Review of the Activities of the Committee on Ways
and Means ............................................................................................................ 95
Appendix III. Chairmen & Membership of the Committee on Ways and Means
from the 1st through the 116th Congresses ....................................................... 96
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FOREWORD
The Committee on Ways and Means submits its report on its leg-
islative and oversight activities for the 116th Congress pursuant to
the requirements of clause 1(d) of Rule XI of the Rules of the
House. Section I of the report describes the Committee’s legislative
activities, divided into seven sections as follows: Legislative Review
of Tax Issues; Legislative Review of Trade Issues; Legislative Re-
view of Health Issues; Legislative Review of Worker and Family
Support Issues; Legislative Review of Social Security Issues; Legis-
lative Review of Oversight Issues; and Legislative Review of Multi-
Jurisdictional Issues.
Section II of the report describes the Committee’s oversight ac-
tivities. It includes a copy of the Committee’s Oversight Agenda, as
filed with the House Clerk on March 1, 2019, along with a descrip-
tion of actions taken and recommendations made with respect to
the oversight plan. The report then discusses additional Committee
oversight activities, and any recommendations or actions taken as
a result.
Finally, the report includes three appendices with Committee in-
formation. Appendix I is an expanded discussion of the Jurisdiction
of the Committee on Ways and Means along with a revised listing
and explanation of blue slip resolutions. Appendix II is a Statistical
Review of the Activities of the Committee on Ways and Means. Ap-
pendix III is a listing of the Chairmen and membership of the
Committee from the 1st through 116th Congress.
To carry out its work during the One Hundred Sixteenth Con-
gress, the Committee on Ways and Means had six standing Sub-
committees, listed below with membership:
SUBCOMMITTEE ON SELECT REVENUE MEAURES
MIKE THOMPSON, California, Chairman
LLOYD DOGGETT, Texas ADRIAN SMITH, Nebraska, Ranking Member
JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut TOM RICE, South Carolina
LINDA T. SÁNCHEZ, California DAVID SCHWEIKERT, Arizona
SUZAN DELBENE, Washington DARIN LAHOOD, Illinois
GWEN MOORE, Wisconsin JODEY ARRINGTON, Texas
BRENDAN BOYLE, Pennsylvania DREW FERGUSON, Georgia
DON BEYER, Virginia
TOM SUOZZI, New York
(VII)
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VIII
SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE
EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon, Chairman
BILL PASCRELL, JR.*** VERN BUCHANAN, Florida, Ranking Member
RON KIND, Wisconsin DEVIN NUNES, California
DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois GEORGE HOLDING, North Carolina
BRIAN HIGGINS, New York TOM RICE, South Carolina
DAN KILDEE, Michigan KENNY MARCHANT, Texas
JIMMY PANETTA, California JASON SMITH, Missouri
STEPHANIE MURPHY, Florida DAVID SCHWEIKERT, Arizona
TERRI A. SEWELL, Alabama
SUZAN DELBENE, Washington
DON BEYER, Virginia
CEDRIC RICHMOND, Louisiana *
SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH
LLOYD DOGGETT, Texas, Chairman
MIKE THOMPSON, California DEVIN NUNES, California, Ranking Member
RON KIND, Wisconsin VERN BUCHANAN, Florida
EARL BLUMENAUER, Oregon ADRIAN SMITH, Nebraska
BRIAN HIGGINS, New York KENNY MARCHANT, Texas
TERRI A. SEWELL, Alabama TOM REED, New York
JUDY CHU, California MIKE KELLY, Pennsylvania
DWIGHT EVANS, Pennsylvania GEORGE HOLDING, North Carolina
BRAD SCHNEIDER, Illinois
JIMMY GOMEZ, California
STEVEN HORSFORD, Nevada
SUBCOMMITTEE ON WORKER AND FAMILY SUPPORT
DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois, Chairman
TERRI A. SEWELL, Alabama JACKIE WALORSKI, Indiana, Ranking Member
JUDY CHU, California BRAD WENSTRUP, Ohio
GWEN MOORE, Wisconsin RON ESTES, Kansas
DWIGHT EVANS, Pennsylvania TOM REED, New York
STEPHANIE MURPHY, Florida
JIMMY GOMEZ, California
SUBCOMMITTEE ON SOCIAL SECURITY
JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut, Chairman
BILL PASCRELL, JR., New Jersey TOM REED, New York, Ranking Member
LINDA T. SÁNCHEZ, California JODEY ARRINGTON, Texas
DAN KILDEE, Michigan DREW FERGUSON, Georgia
BRENDAN BOYLE, Pennsylvania RON ESTES, Kansas
BRAD SCHNEIDER, Illinois
BRIAN HIGGINS, New York
SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT
JOHN LEWIS, Georgia, Chairman **
BILL PASCRELL, JR., Chairman ***
SUZAN DELBENE, Washington MIKE KELLY, Pennsylvania, Ranking Member
LINDA T. SÁNCHEZ, California JACKIE WALORSKI, Indiana
TOM SUOZZI, New York DARIN LAHOOD, Illinois
JUDY CHU, California BRAD WENSTRUP, Ohio
GWEN MOORE, Wisconsin
BRENDAN BOYLE, Pennsylvania
* The Honorable Cedric Richmond joined the Committee on September 22, 2020
** The Honorable John Lewis passed away on July 17, 2020
*** The Honorable Bill Pascrell, Jr. was appointed Chairman of the Oversight Subcommittee
and no longer sat on the Trade Subcommittee as of September 22, 2020
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Union Calendar No. 605
116TH CONGRESS REPORT
" HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES !
2d Session 116–721
REPORT ON THE LEGISLATIVE AND OVERSIGHT ACTIVI-
TIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS DUR-
ING THE ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS
JANUARY 2, 2021.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State
of the Union and ordered to be printed
Mr. NEAL, from the Committee on Ways and Means,
submitted the following
R E P O R T
I. LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY REVIEW
A. LEGISLATIVE REVIEW OF TAX ISSUES
1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 116TH CONGRESS
a) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116–xx)
On January 3, 2019, Representatives Henry Cuellar and Vicente
Gonzalez introduced H.R. 133, the United States-Mexico Economic
Partnership Act. On January 10, 2019, the House agreed to sus-
pend the rules and pass H.R. 133 by voice vote. On January 15,
2020, H.R. 133 passed the Senate, as amended by the Senate For-
eign Relations Committee, by unanimous consent. On December 21,
2020 the House moved without objection to concur in the Senate
amendment with an amendment striking and replacing the lan-
guage with the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021. Amend-
ments to include the Consolidated Appropriations Act were agreed
to by a recorded vote of 327–85 (Roll no. 250) and 359–53 (Roll no.
251). On December 21, the Senate agreed to the House amendment
to the Senate amendment by Yea-Nay Vote of 92–6 (Record Vote
Number: 289). On December 27, 2020, H.R. 133 was signed by the
President and became Public Law No. 116–xx (public law number
unavailable at time of report filing).
P.L. 116–xx includes tax provisions related to the deductibility of
expenses paid by certain forgiven loans made under coronavirus re-
lief legislation, tax extenders, retirement savings, disaster tax re-
lief, and providing individual taxpayers below a certain income
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level and their dependent children a one-time refundable tax credit
and other tax benefits to compensate for financial losses due to
COVID–19.
b) Target Practice and Marksmanship Training Support Act (P.L.
116–17)
On February 14, 2019, Representative Ron Kind and two cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 1222, the Target Practice and Marksmanship
Training Support Act. On April 29, 2019 House Ways and Means
Committee Chairman Richard Neal and Natural Resources Com-
mittee Chairman Raúl Grijalva exchanged letters in which Chair-
man Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X but agreed not to re-
quest a sequential referral. On April 29, 2019, the House agreed
to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 1222 by voice vote. On April
30, 2019, the Senate passed H.R. 1222 by unanimous consent. On
May 10, 2019, H.R. 1222 was signed by the President and became
Public Law No. 116–17.
P.L. 116–17 contains provisions related to the Committee’s juris-
diction over excise taxes imposed by the National Firearms Act.
c) Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116–94)
On March 25, 2019, Representative Bill Pascrell and 103 cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 1865, to require the Secretary of the Treasury
to mint a coin in commemoration of the opening of the National
Law Enforcement Museum in the District of Columbia, and for
other purposes. On October 28, 2019, the House agreed to suspend
the rules and pass H.R. 1865 as amended by voice vote. On Novem-
ber 12, 2020, H.R. 1865 passed the Senate by unanimous consent.
On December 17, 2019, the House passed a motion to concur in the
Senate amendment with an amendment consisting of the text of
the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020 by the Yeas
and Nays: 297–120 (Roll No. 689). On December 19, 2019, the Sen-
ate agreed to the House amendment to the Senate amendment by
Yea-Nay Vote 71–23 (Record Vote Number: 415). On December 20,
2019, H.R. 1865 was signed by the President and became Public
Law No. 116–94.
P.L. 116–94 includes tax related provisions, tax extenders, retire-
ment savings, disaster tax relief, and the tax treatment of survivor
benefits paid to military families.
d) Virginia Beach Strong Act (P.L. 116–98)
On September 27, 2019, Representative Elaine Luria and eight
cosponsors introduced H.R. 4566, the Virginia Beach Strong Act.
On December 9, 2019, the House agreed to suspend the rules and
pass H.R. 4566 by voice vote. On December 10, 2019, H.R. 4566
passed the Senate without amendment by voice vote. On December
20, H.R. 4566 was signed by the President and became Public Law
No. 116–98.
P.L. 117–98 contains tax provisions confirming that cash con-
tributions made on or after May 31, 2019, for the exclusive benefit
of the families of the dead or wounded victims of the mass shooting
in Virginia Beach, Virginia on May 31, 2019, shall be treated as
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tax deductible contributions.
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e) Families First Coronavirus Response Act (P.L. 116–127)
On March 11, 2020, Representative Nita Lowey and six cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 6201, the Families First Coronavirus Re-
sponse Act. On March 14, 2020, the House agreed to suspend the
rules and pass H.R. 6201 as amended by a recorded vote of 363–
40 (Roll no. 102). On March 18, 2020, H.R. 6201 passed the Senate
without amendment by Yea-Nay Vote 90–8 (Recorded Vote Num-
ber: 76). On March 18, 2020, H.R. 6201 was signed by the Presi-
dent and became Public Law No: 116–127.
P.L. 116–127 includes tax related provisions providing for em-
ployer provided paid family and medical leave related to the
coronavirus.
f) Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (P.L. 116–
136)
On January 24, 2019, Representative Joe Courtney and seven co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 748, the Middle Class Health Benefits
Tax Repeal Act. On July 17, 2019, the House agreed to suspend the
rules and pass H.R. 748 as amended by a recorded vote of 419–6
(Roll no. 493). On March 25, 2020, H.R. 748 passed the Senate with
an amendment striking and replacing the language with the
Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act by Yea-Nay
Vote 96–0 (Record Vote Number: 80). On March 27, 2020, the
House passed a motion to concur in the Senate amendment by
voice vote. On March 27, 2020, H.R. 748 was signed by the Presi-
dent and became Public Law No: 116–136.
P.L. 116–136 includes tax related provisions allowing individual
taxpayers below a certain income level and their dependent chil-
dren a one-time refundable tax credit and other tax benefits to
compensate for financial losses due to COVID–19 and allowing cer-
tain employers tax credits and other tax benefits to compensate
them for losses due to COVID–19.
g) Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020 (P.L. 116–
142)
On May 26, Representative Dean Phillips and 35 cosponsors in-
troduced H.R. 7010, the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility
Act of 2020. On May 28, 2020, House Ways and Means Committee
Chairman Neal and House Small Business Committee Chairwoman
Nydia Velázquez exchanged letters in which Chairman Neal as-
serted jurisdiction under Rule X but agreed to waive formal consid-
eration. On May 28, 2020, the House agreed to suspend the rules
and pass H.R. 7010 by a recorded vote of 410–7 (Roll no. 114). On
June 3, 2020, the Senate agreed to pass H.R. 7010 without amend-
ment by voice vote. On June 5, 2020, H.R. 7010 was signed by the
President and became Public Law No. 116–142.
P.L. 116–142 contains tax provisions related to the election to
defer employer share payroll taxes.
h) Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act
(P.L. 116–159)
On September 22, 2020, Representative Nita Lowey introduced
H.R. 8337, the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Ex-
tensions Act. On September 22, 2020, the House agreed to suspend
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the rules and pass H.R. 8337 by a recorded vote of 359–57, 1
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present (Roll no. 198). On September 30, 2020, H.R. 8337 passed
the Senate without amendment by Yea-Nay Vote 84–10 (Record
Vote Number: 197). On October 1, 2020, H.R. 8337 was signed by
the President and became Public Law No. 116–159.
P.L 116–159 includes tax related provisions extending the High-
way Trust Fund and related taxes.
i) Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 (P.L. 116–37)
On July 23, 2019, Representatives Yarmouth and Richard Neal
introduced the H.R. 3877, Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019. On July
25, 2019, H.R. 3877 passed the House by a recorded vote of 284–
140 (Roll no. 511). On August 1, 2019, H.R. 3877 passed the Senate
without amendment by Yea-Nay Vote 67–28 (Recorded Vote Num-
ber 262). On August 1, 2019, H.R. 3877 was signed by the Presi-
dent and became Public Law No. 116–37.
P.L. 116–37 includes provisions to temporarily suspend the debt
limit and to extend the authority to collect certain customs user
fees through FY2029.
2. OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 116TH CONGRESS
a) Rehabilitation for Multiemployer Pensions Act, H.R. 397
On January 9, 2019, Chairman Richard Neal and nine cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 397, the Rehabilitation for Multiemployer
Pensions Act of 2019. On July 10, 2019, the Committee on Ways
and Means favorably reported the bill, as amended by an amend-
ment in the nature of a substitute (H. Rept. 116–159, 1). On July
19, 2019, the Committee on Education and Labor favorably re-
ported the bill, as amended by an amendment in the nature of a
substitute (H. Rept. 116–159, 2). On July 24, 2019, H.R. 397 passed
the House by a recorded vote of 264–169 (Roll no. 505).
The bill includes tax related provisions establishing the Pension
Rehabilitation Administration within the Department of Treasury
and a related trust fund to make loans to certain multiemployer
defined benefit pension plans.
b) Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief and
Puerto Rico Disaster Tax Relief Act, 2020, H.R. 5687
On January 28, 2020, Representative Nita Lowey introduced
H.R. 5687, the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Dis-
aster Relief and Puerto Rico Disaster Tax Relief Act, 2020. On Feb-
ruary 7, 2020, H.R. 5687 passed the House by a recorded vote of
237–161 (Roll no. 54).
The bill contains tax related provisions expanding tax credits and
modifying related requirements that affect the residents of Puerto
Rico and other U.S. territories.
c) The Heroes Act, H.R. 925
On January 30, 2019, Representatives Mike Thompson and Rob-
ert J. Wittman introduced H.R. 925, the North American Wetlands
Conservation Extension Act. On November 13, 2019, the Com-
mittee on Natural Resources favorably reported H.R. 925 (H. Rept.
116–284). On November 20, 2019, the House agreed to suspend the
rules and pass H.R. 925 by voice vote. On January 9, 2020, the
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Senate passed H.R. 925 with an amendment by voice vote. On Oc-
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tober 1, 2020, the House concurred in the Senate amendments with
an amendment striking and replacing the language with the He-
roes Act by the Yeas and Nays: 214–207 (Roll no. 214).
The Heroes Act includes tax related provisions allowing indi-
vidual taxpayers below a certain income level and their dependent
children a one-time refundable tax credit and other tax benefits to
compensate for financial losses due to COVID–19 and allowing cer-
tain employers tax credits and other tax benefits to compensate
them for losses due to COVID–19.
d) Setting Every Community Up For Retirement Act, H.R. 1994
On March 29, 2019, Chairman Richard Neal, Ranking Member
Kevin Brady, and Representatives Ron Kind and Mike Kelly intro-
duced H.R. 1994, the Setting Every Community Up for Retirement
Act. On April 2, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means held a
markup and favorably reported the bill, as amended by an amend-
ment in the nature of a substitute (H. Rept 116–65). On May 23,
2019, H.R. 1994 passed the House by a recorded vote 417–3 (Roll
no. 231). Provisions nearly identical to this legislation were in-
cluded in Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116–
94).
The bill includes tax-related provisions related to the tax treat-
ment of contributions of certain retirement savings accounts and
rules regarding tax preferred retirement savings plans.
e) Protecting American Lungs and Reversing the Youth Tobacco
Epidemic Act of 2020, H.R. 2339
On April 18, 2019, Representatives Frank Pallone and Donna
Shalala introduced H.R. 2339, the Protecting American Lungs and
Reversing the Youth Tobacco Epidemic Act of 2020. On February
21, 2020, the Energy and Commerce Committee favorably reported
the bill, as amended by an amendment in the nature of a sub-
stitute. On February 28, H.R. 2339 passed the House by a recorded
vote of 213–195 (Roll no. 78).
The bill includes tax related provisions related to the tax treat-
ment of the manufacture of nicotine vaping products (see H.R. 4742
below).
f) Coordinating Oversight, Upgrading and Innovating Technology,
and Examiner Reform Act of 2019, H.R. 2514
On May 3, 2019, Representative Emanuel Cleaver introduced
H.R. 2514, the Coordinating Oversight, Upgrading and Innovating
Technology, and Examiner Reform Act of 2019. On October 21,
2019, the House Financial Services Committee favorably reported
the bill, as amended by an amendment in the nature of a sub-
stitute. On October 21, 2019, Chairman Neal and Chairwoman
Waters exchanged letters expressing the mutual understanding
that Chairman Neal would waive formal consideration of the legis-
lation with the understanding that the bill considered on the floor
would not include an amendment to section 162(f) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986. On October 28, 2019, the House agreed to
suspend the rules and pass H.R. 2514 as amended by voice vote.
The bill as introduced contained tax provisions related the de-
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ductibility of trade or business expenses.
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f) Promoting Respect for Individuals’ Dignity and Equality Act of
2019, H.R. 3299
On June 18, 2019, Representatives Judy Chu and Andy Levin in-
troduced H.R. 3299, the Promoting Respect for Individuals’ Dignity
and Equality (PRIDE) Act. On June 20, 2020, the Committee on
Ways and Means held a markup and favorably reported the bill, as
amended by an amendment in the nature of a substitute (H. Rept
116–161). On July 24, 2020, H.R. 3299 passed the House by voice
vote.
The bill includes tax-related provisions permitting same sex mar-
ried couples to amend their filing status to married filing jointly for
tax returns outside of the statute of limitations and modifying tax
rules relating to married couples to include same sex couples.
g) Economic Mobility Act, H.R. 3300
On June 18, 2019, Chairman Richard Neal introduced H.R. 3300,
the Economic Mobility Act. On June 20, 2020, the Committee on
Ways and Means held a markup and favorably reported the bill, as
amended by an amendment in the nature of a substitute (H. Rept.
116–384).
The bill included tax related provisions modifying the earned in-
come tax credit, the child tax credit, and the child and dependent
care tax credit.
h) Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2019, H.R.
3301
On June 18, 2019, Representative Mike Thompson introduced
H.R. 3301, the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Relief Act. On
June 20, 2020, the Committee on Ways and Means held a markup
and favorably reported the bill, as amended by an amendment in
the nature of a substitute (H. Rept 116–379). The bill includes dis-
aster-related tax relief provisions, provisions related to tax extend-
ers, and a provision repealing the unrelated business income tax on
transit benefits provided by exempt organizations.
i) Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020, H.R.
3494
On June 26, 2019, Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam
Schiff introduced H.R. 3494, the Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew
Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018,
2019, and 2020. On July 11, 2019, the Intelligence Committee fa-
vorably reported the bill, as amended by an amendment in the na-
ture of a substitute (H. Rept 116–151, Part 1). On July 11, 2019,
in a letter to House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Chairman Richard Neal
requested a sequential referral on the bill as amended based on the
Committee’s rule X jurisdiction over revenue measures. House
Committee on Ways and Means was granted a referral and dis-
charged the bill on July 11, 2020. On June 17, 2019, H.R. 3494
passed the House by a recorded vote of 397–31 (Roll no. 492).
This bill contains tax provisions related to the tax treatment of
enhanced injury benefits paid to an employee or qualifying depend-
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ent by the Central Intelligence Agency.
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j) Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act of
2019 or the MORE Act of 2019,
H.R. 3884
On July 23, 2019, House Judiciary Committee Jerry Nadler and
29 cosponsors introduced the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment
and Expungement Act of 2019 or the MORE Act of 2019. On No-
vember 27, 2020, the Judiciary Committee favorably reported the
bill, as amended by an amendment in the nature of a substitute
(H. Rept 116–604). On November 27, 2020, Chairman Neal and
Chairman Nadler exchanged letters in which Chairman Neal as-
serted jurisdiction under Rule X but agreed to discharge the bill.
The House Ways and Means Committee discharged the bill on No-
vember 27, 2020. On December 4, 2020, H.R. 3884 passed the
House by a recorded vote of 228–164 (Roll no. 235).
The bill includes tax related provision related to the tax treat-
ment and regulation of the manufacture and sale of cannabis and
cannabis derivate products in addition to the establishment of a
trust fund to support various programs and services for individuals
and businesses in communities impacted by the war on drugs.
k) Protecting American Lungs Act, H.R 4742
On October 18, 2019, Representatives Tom Suozzi and Peter
King introduced H.R. 4742, the Protecting American Lungs Act of
2019. On October 23, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means fa-
vorably reported the bill, as amended by an amendment in the na-
ture of a substitute (H. Rept 116–400). This legislation was in-
cluded in H.R. 2399, the Protecting American Lungs and Reversing
the Youth Tobacco Epidemic Act of 2020, as detailed above.
The bill includes tax related provisions related to the tax treat-
ment of the manufacture of nicotine vaping products.
l) Restoring Tax Fairness for States and Localities Act, H.R. 5377
On December 10, 2019, Representative Tom Suozzi and 39 co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 5377, the Restoring Tax Fairness for
States and Localities Act. On December 11, 2019, the Committee
on Ways and Means favorably reported the bill, as amended by an
amendment in the nature of a substitute (H. Rept 116–345). On
December 19, 2019, the motion to recommit H.R. 5377 with instruc-
tions was agreed to in the House by a recorded vote of 388–36 (Roll
No. 699). On December 19, 2019, H.R. 5377 as amended passed the
House by a recorded vote of 218–206 (Roll No. 700).
This bill includes tax related provisions related to the federal tax
treatment of state and local taxes paid by individuals and indi-
vidual marginal income tax rates.
m) The Heroes Act, H.R. 6800
On May 12, 2020, Representative Nita Lowey and 11 cosponsors
introduced H.R. 6800, the Heroes Act. On May 15, 2020, the House
passed H.R. 6800 by a recorded vote of 208–199 (Roll No. 109).
This bill includes tax related provisions allowing individual tax-
payers below a certain income level and their dependent children
a one-time refundable tax credit and other tax benefits to com-
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pensate for financial losses due to COVID–19 and allowing certain
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employers tax credits and other tax benefits to compensate them
for losses due to COVID–19.
n) Investing in a New Vision for the Environment and Surface
Transportation Act, H.R. 2
On June 11, 2020, Representative Peter DeFazio and two cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 2, the Investing in a New Vision for the Envi-
ronment and Surface Transportation in America Act. On June 26,
2020, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure favor-
ably reported H.R. 2, as amended by an amendment in the nature
of a substitute (H. Rept. 116–437). On July 1, 2020, H.R. 2 passed
the House by a roll call vote of 233–118 (Roll no. 138).
This bill includes tax related provisions providing for federal sub-
sidies for interest payments made on certain state and local gov-
ernment bond issuances and tax credits and other incentives for
green energy, energy efficiency, affordable housing, and economic
development.
o) Childcare for Economic Recovery Act, H.R. 7327
On June 25, 2020, Representative Nita M. Lowey and five co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 7327, the Childcare for Economic Recov-
ery Act. On July 29, 2020, H.R. 7327 passed the House by a re-
corded vote of 250–161 (Roll no. 172).
This bill includes tax related provisions that modified the child
and dependent care tax credit, dependent care flexible spending ac-
counts, and the treatment of dependent care benefits
provided by employers and provided tax relief to childcare employ-
ees and employer providing dependent care assistance.
p) Caring for Americans with Supplemental Help Act of 2020, H.R.
9047
On December 28, 2020, Chairman Richard E. Neal introduced
H.R. 9051, the Caring for Americans with Supplemental Help Act
of 2020.
This bill includes tax related provisions that provide supple-
mental cash assistance to taxpayers of up to $1,400 dollars per
family member in wake of the coronavirus pandemic.
q) Caring for Americans with Supplemental Help Act of 2020, H.R.
9051
On December 28, 2020, Chairman Richard E. Neal introduced
H.R. 9051, the Caring for Americans with Supplemental Help Act
of 2020. On December 28, 2020, the House agreed to suspend the
rules and pass H.R. 9051 by a recorded vote of 275–134 (Roll no.
252).
This bill includes tax related provisions that provide supple-
mental cash assistance to taxpayers of up to $1,400 dollars per
family member in wake of the coronavirus pandemic.
3. OTHER ACTIONS TAKEN
On May 4, 2020, House Ways and Means Committee Chairman
Richard E. Neal, Senate Finance Committee Chairman Chuck
Grassley, and Senate Finance Committee Ranking Member Ron
Wyden sent a letter to Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin regard-
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ing IRS guidance issued on April 29, 2020, stating that employers
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who continue to provide health benefits to employees do not qualify
for the employer retention tax credit unless they continue to pay
other qualifying wages. The letter stated that this guidance ran
counter to congressional intent and asked the Secretary to recon-
sider the guidance issued by the IRS. On May 7, 2020, the Treas-
ury sent a letter to Representative Neal and Senators Grassley and
Wyden stating that the Treasury had taken these views into con-
sideration and would revise the applicable guidance. On May 7,
2020, the Treasury Department accounted its intention to reverse
the original guidance.
On May 5, 2020, House Ways and Means Committee Chairman
Richard E. Neal, Senate Finance Committee Chairman Chuck
Grassley, and Senate Finance Committee Ranking Member Ron
Wyden sent a letter to Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin regard-
ing IRS guidance issued on April 9, 2020, stating that otherwise
deductible business expenses would not be deductible for recipients
of a Paycheck Protection Program Loan if forgiven loans were used
to pay such expenses. The letter states that this guidance ran
counter to congressional intent and asks the Secretary to recon-
sider the guidance issued by the IRS.
B. LEGISLATIVE REVIEW OF TRADE ISSUES
1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 116TH CONGRESS
a) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116–xx)
On January 3, 2019, Representatives Henry Cuellar and Vicente
Gonzalez introduced H.R. 133, the United States-Mexico Economic
Partnership Act. On January 10, 2019, the House agreed to sus-
pend the rules and pass H.R. 133 by voice vote. On January 15,
2020, H.R. 133 passed the Senate, as amended by the Senate For-
eign Relations Committee, by unanimous consent. On December 21,
2020 the House moved without objection to concur in the Senate
amendment with an amendment striking and replacing the lan-
guage with the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021. Amend-
ments to include the Consolidated Appropriations Act were agreed
to by a recorded vote of 327–85 (Roll no. 250) and 359–53 (Roll no.
251). On December 21, the Senate agreed to the House amendment
to the Senate amendment by Yea-Nay Vote of 92–6 (Record Vote
Number: 289). On December 27, 2020, H.R. 133 was signed by the
President and became Public Law No: 116–xx.
P.L. 116–xx includes trade provisions related to technical correc-
tions to the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementa-
tion Act, an extension of the Donations Acceptance Program admin-
istered by Customs and Border Protection, the codification of a sus-
pension agreement regarding imports of uranium from Russia, and
an extension regarding the deadline by which the United States
Postal Service must obtain advance electronic data on all inter-
national mail.
a) United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act
(P.L. 116–113)
On December 13, 2019, House Majority Leader Hoyer and Minor-
ity Leader McCarthy introduced, by request, H.R. 5430, the United
States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act. The Com-
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mittee on Ways and Means considered the bill on December 17,
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2019 and favorably reported the bill (H. Rept. 116–358) by voice
vote. On December 19, 2019, the House passed H.R. 5430 with a
record vote of 385–41 (Roll no. 701). On January 16, 2020, the Sen-
ate passed the bill with a record vote of 89–10 (Record Vote Num-
ber: 14). On January 29, 2020, H.R. 5430 was signed by the Presi-
dent and became Public Law No: 116–113.
P.L. 116–113 provides statutory authority for the renegotiated
trade agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada
(USMCA), which replaced the North American Free Trade Agree-
ment.
b) Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initia-
tive (TAIPEI) Act of 2019 (P.L. 116–135)
On May 23, 2019, Senator Gardner and three cosponsors intro-
duced S. 1678, the Taiwan Allies International Protection and En-
hancement Initiative (TAIPEI) Act of 2019. On September 26,
2019, the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations favorably re-
ported the bill as amended [without written report]. On October 29,
2019, S. 1678 passed the Senate with the committee-reported
amendment by unanimous consent. On January 28, 2020, Chair-
man Neal and Chairman Engel exchanged letters in which Chair-
man Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X but agreed to dis-
charge the bill, as amended. On March 4, 2020, the House agreed
to suspend the rules and pass S. 1678 as amended by a record vote
of 415–0 (Roll no. 85). The Senate agreed to the House amendment
to S. 1678 by unanimous consent on March 11, 2020. On March 26,
2020, S. 1678 was signed by the President and became Public Law
No. 116–135.
P.L. 116–135 includes provisions related to trade and economic
relations between the United States and Taiwan.
c) Hong Kong Autonomy Act (P.L. 116–149)
On July 1, 2020, Rep. Sherman and eleven cosponsors introduced
H.R. 7440, the Hong Kong Autonomy Act. On July 1, 2020, the bill
was discharged out of the committees on Foreign Affairs, Judiciary,
Financial Services, Ways and Means, and Rules. On July 1, 2020,
the House passed H.R. 7440 without objection. On July 2, 2020, the
bill passed the Senate by unanimous consent. On July 14, 2020,
H.R. 7440 was signed by the President and became Public Law No.
116–149.
P.L. 116–149 includes provisions related to sanctions.
d) Extension of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (P.L.
116–164)
On February 6, 2019, Rep. Sewell and Rep. Wenstrup and four
other cosponsors introduced H.R. 991, the Extension of the Carib-
bean Basin Economic Recovery Act. On September 22, 2020, the
House agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 991.
On September 30, 2020, the Senate passed H.R. 991 without
amendment by unanimous consent. On October 10, 2020, H.R. 991
was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 116–164.
P.L. 116–164 extends the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery
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Act until 2030.
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2. OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 116TH CONGRESS
a) Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019, H.R. 31
On January 1, 2019, Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Engel
introduced H.R. 31, the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of
2019. On January 9, 2019, Chairman Neal and Chairman Engel ex-
changed letters in which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction but
agreed not to request a sequential referral on the bill. On January
22, 2019, the House agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and
pass H.R. 31 as amended. On May 22, 2019, the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee favorably reported the bill with an amend-
ment in the nature of a substitute. No subsequent action was taken
by the Senate.
H.R. 31 includes provisions related to sanctions.
b) Georgia Support Act, H.R. 598
On January 16, 2019, Rep. Connolly and Rep. Kinzinger intro-
duced H.R. 588, the Georgia Support Act. On May 22, 2019, the
Committee on Foreign Affairs favorably reported the bill as amend-
ed. On October 21, 2019, Chairman Neal and Chairman Engel ex-
changed letters in which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction
under Rule X but agreed to discharge the bill. On October 22, 2019,
the House agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and pass H.R.
598. No subsequent action was taken by the Senate.
H.R. 598 includes provisions related to trade and economic rela-
tions between the United States and Georgia.
c) Calling for accountability and justice for the assassination of
Boris Nemtsov, H. Res. 156
On February 27, 2019, Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman
Engel and three cosponsors introduced H. Res. 156, calling for ac-
countability and justice for the assassination of Boris Nemtsov. On
March 7, 2019, the Committee on Foreign Affairs favorably re-
ported the bill as amended. On March 11, 2019, Chairman Neal
and Chairman Engel exchanged letters in which Chairman Neal
asserted jurisdiction but agreed not to request a sequential referral
on the bill. On March 12, 2019, the House agreed by voice vote to
suspend the rules and pass H. Res. 156 as amended.
H. Res. 156 includes provisions related to sanctions.
d) Federal Advisory Committee Act Amendments of 2019, H.R. 1608
On March 7, 2019, Rep. Clay introduced H.R. 1608, the Federal
Advisory Committee Act Amendments of 2019. On March 11, 2019,
Chairman Neal and Chairman Cummings exchanged letters in
which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X but
agreed to discharge the bill. On March 12, 2019, the House agreed
by voice vote to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 1608. No subse-
quent action was taken by the Senate.
H.R. 1608 includes provisions addressing the application of the
Federal Advisory Committee Act to trade advisory committees.
e) Homeland Security Improvement Act, H.R. 2203
On April 10, 2019, Rep. Escobar and three cosponsors introduced
H.R. 2203, the Homeland Security Improvement Act. On July 19,
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2019, the Committee on Homeland Security favorably reported the
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bill as amended (H. Rept. 116–163). On September 25, 2019, Chair-
man Neal and Chairman Thompson exchanged letters in which
Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X but agreed to
discharge the bill. On September 25, 2019, the House passed H.R.
2203 by a record vote of 230–194 (Roll no. 546). No subsequent ac-
tion was taken by the Senate.
H.R. 2203 includes provisions related to personnel within Cus-
toms and Border Protection.
f) Expressing concern for the United States-Turkey alliance, H. Res.
372
On May 10, 2019, Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Engel
and seven cosponsors introduced H. Res. 372, a resolution express-
ing concern for the United States-Turkey alliance. On May 22,
2019, the Committee on Foreign Affairs favorably reported the bill
as amended. On June 3, 2019, Chairman Neal and Chairman
Engel exchanged letters in which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdic-
tion under Rule X but agreed to discharge the bill. On June 10,
2019, the House agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and pass
H. Res. 372 as amended. No subsequent action was taken in the
Senate.
H. Res. 372 includes provisions related to sanctions.
g) Burma Unified through Rigorous Military Accountability Act of
2019, H.R. 3190
On June 11, 2019, Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Engel
and Rep. Chabot introduced H.R. 3190, the Burma Unified through
Rigorous Military Accountability Act of 2019. On June 20, 2019,
the Committee on Foreign Affairs favorably reported the bill as
amended. On September 24, 2019, Chairman Neal and Chairman
Engel exchanged letters in which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdic-
tion under Rule X but agreed to discharge the bill. On September
24, 2019, the House agreed to suspend the rules and pass H.R.
3190 by a record vote of 394–21. No subsequent action was taken
by the Senate.
H.R. 3190 includes provisions related to sanctions.
h) Damon Paul Nelson and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020, H.R.
3494
On June 26, 2019, Permanent Select Intelligence Committee
Chairman Schiff introduced H.R. 3494, the Damon Paul Nelson
and Matthew Young Pollard Intelligence Authorization Act for Fis-
cal Years 2018, 2019, and 2020. On July 11, 2019, the Permanent
Select Committee on Intelligence favorably reported the bill as
amended (H. Rept. 116–151), and the Committee on Ways and
Means discharged the bill. On September 24, 2019, the House
agreed to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 3494 by a record vote
of 397–31 (Roll no. 541). No subsequent action was taken by the
Senate.
H.R. 3494 includes provisions related to sanctions and an intel-
ligence assessment of North Korea’s revenue from trade in various
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products.
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i) Reaffirming support for the Good Friday Agreement and other
agreements to ensure a lasting peace in Northern Ireland, H.
Res. 585
On September 24, 2019, Rep. Suozzi and Rep. King introduced
H. Res. 585, a resolution reaffirming support for the Good Friday
Agreement and other agreements to ensure a lasting peace in
Northern Ireland. On October 30, 2019, the Committee on Foreign
Affairs favorably reported the resolution on unanimous consent. On
December 2, 2019, Chairman Neal and Chairman Engel exchanged
letters in which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X
but agreed to discharge the bill. On December 3, 2019, the House
agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and pass H. Res. 585. No
subsequent action was taken by the Senate.
H. Res. 585 includes provisions on respect for the Good Friday
Agreement in the negotiations between the United Kingdom and
the European Union over the United Kingdom’s exit from the Euro-
pean Union.
j) Protect Against Conflict by Turkey Act, H.R. 4695
On October 16, 2019, Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Engel
introduced H.R. 4695, the Protect Against Conflict by Turkey Act.
On October 29, 2019, Chairman Neal and Chairman Engel ex-
changed letters in which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction
under Rule X but agreed to discharge the bill. On October 29, 2019,
the House agreed to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 4695 by a
record vote of 403–16. No subsequent action was taken by the Sen-
ate.
H.R. 4695 includes provisions related to sanctions.
k) Synthetic Opioid Exposure Prevention and Training Act, H.R.
4739
On October 18, 2019, Rep. Clarke and eight cosponsors intro-
duced H.R. 4739, the Synthetic Opioid Exposure Prevention and
Training Act. On October 23, 2019, the Committee on Homeland
Security favorably reported the bill (H. Rept. 116–318). On Novem-
ber 20, 2019, Chairman Neal and Chairman Thompson exchanged
letters in which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X
but agreed to discharge the bill. On December 3, 2019, the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means discharged the bill. On December 9,
2019, the House agreed to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 4739
by a record vote of 393–0 (Roll no. 656). On June 1, 2020, the Com-
mittee on Homeland Security favorably reported the bill as amend-
ed (S. Rept. 116–229). No subsequent action was taken by the Sen-
ate.
H.R. 4739 includes provisions related to personnel within Cus-
toms and Border Protection.
l) DHS Opioid Detection Resilience Act of 2019, H.R. 4761
On October 18, 2019, Rep. Clay Higgins and seven cosponsors in-
troduced H.R. 4761, the DHS Opioid Detection Resilience Act of
2019. On December 3, 2019, the Committee on Homeland Security
favorably reported the bill (H. Rept. 116–319), and the bill was dis-
charged by the Committee on Ways and Means. On November 20,
2019, Chairman Neal and Chairman Thompson exchanged letters
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in which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X but
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agreed to discharge the bill. On December 9, 2019, the House
agreed to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 4761 by a record vote
of 393–1. On July 29, 2020, the Senate Committee on Homeland
Security and Governmental Affairs favorably reported the bill. No
subsequent action was taken by the Senate.
H.R. 4761 includes provisions related to Customs and Border
Protection procedures at ports of entry.
m) Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, H.R. 6210
On March 11, 2020, Chairman of the House Committee on Rules
and co-chair of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China,
James McGovern, and eleven cosponsors introduced H.R. 6210, the
Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act. The bill was referred to the
House Committee on Foreign Affairs and the committees on Ways
and Means, Judiciary, and Financial Services. On September 21,
2020, Chairman Neal and Chairman Engel exchanged letters in
which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X but
agreed to discharge the bill. On September 22, 2020, the House
agreed to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 6210 as amended with
a record vote of 406–3 (Roll no. 196). No subsequent action was
taken by the Senate.
H.R. 6210 includes provisions that would restrict imports from
the Xinjiang region made with forced labor.
n) Affirming the nature and importance of the United States-Iraq
bilateral relationship, including security and economic compo-
nents of the relationship, H. Res. 1062
On July 23, 2020, Rep. Allred and Rep. Reschenthaler introduced
H. Res. 1062, a resolution affirming the nature and importance of
the United States-Iraq bilateral relationship, including security
and economic components of the relationship. On July 28, 2020, the
Committee on Foreign Affairs favorably reported the bill as amend-
ed by voice vote. On November 17, 2020, Chairman Neal and
Chairman Engel exchanged letters in which Chairman Neal as-
serted jurisdiction under Rule X but agreed to discharge the bill.
On November 18, 2020, the House agreed by voice vote to suspend
the rules and pass H. Res. 1062 as amended.
H. Res. 1062 includes provisions related to bilateral trade and in-
vestment between the United States and Iraq.
o) Reaffirming the importance of the strategic partnership between
the United States and Mongolia, H. Res. 1100
On September 4, 2020, Rep. Titus and three cosponsors intro-
duced H. Res. 1100, reaffirming the importance of the strategic
partnership between the United States and Mongolia. On October
1, 2020, the Committee on Foreign Affairs favorably reported the
bill as amended by voice vote. On December 7, 2020, Chairman
Neal and Chairman Engel exchanged letters in which Chairman
Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X but agreed to discharge the
bill. On December 7, 2020, the House agreed by voice vote to sus-
pend the rules and pass H. Res. 1100 as amended.
H. Res. 1100 includes provisions related to bilateral trade and in-
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vestment between the United States and Mongolia.
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p) Condemning the poisoning of Russian opposition leader Alexei
Navalny and calling for a robust United States and inter-
national response, H. Res. 1145
On September 23, 2020, Chairman of the House Committee on
Rules, James McGovern, and three cosponsors introduced H. Res.
1145, a resolution condemning the poisoning of Russian opposition
leader Alexei Navalny and calling for a robust United States and
international response. On October 1, 2020, the Committee on For-
eign Affairs favorably reported the bill as amended by voice vote.
On November 17, 2020, Chairman Neal and Chairman Engel ex-
changed letters in which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction
under Rule X but agreed to discharge the bill. On November 18,
2020, the House agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and pass
H. Res. 1145 as amended.
H. Res. 1145 includes provisions related to sanctions.
q) Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the
United States should reaffirm its commitment as a member of
the World Trade Organization (WTO) and work with other
WTO members to achieve reforms at the WTO that improve the
speed and predictability of dispute settlement, address long-
standing concerns with the WTO’s Appellate Body, increase
transparency at the WTO, ensure that WTO members invoke
special and differential treatment reserved for developing coun-
tries only in fair and appropriate circumstances, and update
the WTO rules to address the needs of the United States and
other free and open economies in the 21st century, H. Res. 746
On December 6, 2019, Representatives Kind and Schweikert in-
troduced with six original cosponsors H. Res. 746, a resolution to
express the sense of the House of Representatives that the United
States should continue to lead reform efforts and urge member co-
operation at the World Trade Organization in order to address bar-
riers to trade, improve living standards across the world, and en-
hance accountability and dispute settlement mechanisms. On De-
cember 17, 2019, the Ways and Means Committee favorably re-
ported the bill as amended (H. Rept. 116–614). No subsequent ac-
tion was taken by the House.
H. Res. 746 includes provisions related to the World Trade Orga-
nization.
C. LEGISLATIVE REVIEW OF HEALTH ISSUES
1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 116TH CONGRESS
a) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116–xx)
On January 3, 2019, Representatives Henry Cuellar and Vicente
Gonzalez introduced H.R. 133, the United States-Mexico Economic
Partnership Act. On January 10, 2019, the House agreed to sus-
pend the rules and pass H.R. 133 by voice vote. On January 15,
2020, H.R. 133 passed the Senate, as amended by the Senate For-
eign Relations Committee, by unanimous consent. On December 21,
2020 the House moved without objection to concur in the Senate
amendment with an amendment striking and replacing the lan-
guage with the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021. Amend-
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ments to include the Consolidated Appropriations Act were agreed
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to by a recorded vote of 327 85 (Roll no. 250) and 359–53 (Roll no.
251). On December 21, the Senate agreed to the House amendment
to the Senate amendment by Yea-Nay Vote of 92–6 (Record Vote
Number: 289). On December 27, 2020, H.R. 133 was signed by the
President and became Public Law No. 116–xx.
P.L. 116–xx includes health provisions related to H.R. 3417 the
BETTER Act, including funding for State Health Insurance Coun-
selors, improvements to the Medicare Part D low income programs,
mental health telehealth authority in Medicare, and value based
purchasing improvements for skilled nursing facilities. The legisla-
tion also includes provisions from H.R. 5821, the HOSPICE Act,
making improvements to Medicare’s hospice program, as well as
H.R. 3414, the Opioid Workforce Act of 2019, making improve-
ments to and expanding the Medicare graduate medical education
program, and provisions of H.R. 2113, the Prescription Drug STAR
Act, relating to reporting of average sales prices for prescription
drugs. The legislation also includes provisions from H.R. 5826, the
Consumer Protections Against Surprise Medical Bills Act of 2020,
to prevent certain cases of out-of-network surprise medical bills.
b) Families First Coronavirus Response Act (P.L. 116–127)
On March 11, 2020, Representative Nita Lowey and six cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 6201, the Families First Coronavirus Re-
sponse Act. On March 14, 2020, the House agreed to suspend the
rules and pass H.R. 6201 as amended by a recorded vote of 363 40
(Roll no. 102). On March 18, 2020, H.R. 6201 passed the Senate
without amendment by Yea-Nay Vote 90 8 (Recorded Vote Number:
76). On March 18, 2020, H.R. 6201 was signed by the President
and became Public Law No: 116–127.
P.L. 116–27 includes health-related provisions to make emer-
gency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sep-
tember 30, 2020, and to respond to the COVID–19 pandemic by
providing sick leave, tax credits, and free COVID–19 testing; ex-
panding food assistance and unemployment benefits; and increas-
ing Medicaid funding.
c) Temporary Reauthorization and Study of Fentanyl Analogues Act
(P.L. 116–114)
On January 16, 2020, Senator Lindsey Graham and six cospon-
sors introduced S. 3201, the Temporary Reauthorization and Study
of Fentanyl Analogues Act. On that same day, the Senate moved
to immediate consideration of the bill and agreed to pass the bill
without amendment by unanimous consent. On January 29, 2020,
Chairman Neal and Chairman Pallone exchanged letters in which
Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X but agreed to
discharge the bill. On January 29, 2020, the House agreed to sus-
pend the rules and pass the bill by a vote of 320–88 (Roll no. 32).
On February 6, 2020, S. 3201 was signed by the president and be-
came Public Law No. 116–114.
P.L. 116–114 includes health-related provisions regarding the
classification of fentanyl-related substances under the Controlled
Substances Act.
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d) CARES Act (P.L. 116–136)
On January 24, 2019, Representative Joe Courtney and seven co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 748, the Middle-Class Health Benefits
Tax Repeal Act. On July 17, 2019, the House agreed to suspend the
rules and pass H.R. 748 as amended by a recorded vote of 419–6
(Roll No. 493). On March 25, 2020, H.R. 748 passed the Senate
under the name Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security
(CARES) Act, with an amendment by a vote of 96–0 (Record Vote
Number: 80). On March 27, 2020, the House passed a motion to
concur in the Senate amendment by voice vote. On March 27, 2020,
H.R. 748 was signed by the President and became Public Law No:
116–136.
P.L. 116–136 includes health-related provisions addressing me-
dial product supply shortages; mitigating emergency drug short-
ages; coverage of testing and preventive services related to COVID–
19; and provides other additional funding.
e) Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116–94)
On March 25, 2019, Representative Bill Pascrell and 103 cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 1865, to require the Secretary of the Treasury
to mint a coin in commemoration of the opening of the National
Law Enforcement Museum in the District of Columbia, and for
other purposes. On October 28, 2019, the House agreed to suspend
the rules and pass H.R. 1865 as amended by voice vote. On Novem-
ber 12, 2020, H.R. 1865 passed the Senate by unanimous consent.
On December 17, 2019, the House passed a motion to concur in the
Senate amendment with an amendment consisting of the text of
the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020 by the Yeas
and Nays: 297–120 (Roll No. 689). On December 19, 2019, the Sen-
ate agreed to the House amendment to the Senate amendment by
Yea-Nay Vote 71–23 (Record Vote Number: 415). On December 20,
2019, H.R. 1865 was signed by the President and became Public
Law No. 116–94.
P.L. 116–94 temporarily extends several expiring health provi-
sions.
f) Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act
(P.L. 116–159)
On September 22, 2020, Representative Nita Lowey introduced
H.R. 8337, the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Ex-
tensions Act. On September 22, 2020, the House agreed to suspend
the rules and pass H.R. 8337 by a recorded vote of 359–57, 1
present (Roll no. 198). On September 30, 2020, H.R. 8337 passed
the Senate without amendment by Yea-Nay Vote 84–10 (Record
Vote Number: 197). On October 1, 2020, H.R. 8337 was signed by
the President and became Public Law No. 116–159.
P.L. 116–159 extends several expiring health provisions.
g) Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Health Extenders Act
of 2019 (P.L. 116–59)
On September 18, 2019, Representative Nita Lowey introduced
H.R. 4378, the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Health
Extenders Act of 2019. On September 19, 2019, H.R. 4378 passed
the House by a vote of 301–123 (Roll no. 538). On September 26,
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2019,
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H.R. 4378 passed the Senate without amendment by a vote of
81–16 (Record Vote Number: 311). On September 27, 2019, H.R.
4378 was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 116–
59.
P.L. 116–59 extends several expiring health provisions.
h) Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further
Health Extenders Act of 2019 (P.L. 116–69)
On June 3, 2019, Representative Jose Serrano introduced H.R.
3055, the Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Fur-
ther Health Extenders Act of 2019. On June 25, 2019, H.R. 3055
passed the House by a vote of 227–194 (Roll no. 408). On October
31, 2019, H.R. 3055 passed the Senate by a vote of 84–099 (Record
Vote Number: 341). On November 19, 2019, the House agreed with
an amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 3055 by a vote
of 231–192 (Roll no. 631). On November 21, 2019, the Senate
agreed to the House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R.
3055 by a vote of 74–20 (Record Vote Number: 365). On November
21, 2019, H.R. 3055 was signed by the President and became Public
Law No. 116–69.
P.L. 116–69 extends several expiring health provisions.
i) Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021, and Other Exten-
sions Act (P.L. 116–215)
On December 8, 2020, Representative Nita Lowey introduced
H.R. 8900, the Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021, and
Other Extensions Act. On December 9, 2020, the House agreed to
suspend the rules and pass H.R. 8900 as amended by a record vote
of 343–67 (Roll no. 240). On December 11, 2020, the Senate passed
the bill without amendment by voice vote. On December 11, 2020,
H.R. 8900 was signed by the President and became Public Law No.
116–215.
P.L. 116–215 extends several expiring health provisions.
j) Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appro-
priations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116–123)
On March 4, 2020, Representative Nita Lowey introduced H.R.
6074, the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental
Appropriations Act, 2020. On March 4, 2020, the House agreed to
suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended, by a record vote
of 415–2 (Roll no. 86). On March 5, 2020, the Senate passed H.R.
6047 without amendment by a record vote of 96–1 (Record Vote
Number: 66). On March 6, 2020, H.R. 6074 was signed by the
President and became Public Law No. 116–123.
P.L. 116–123 includes several health provisions related to Medi-
care.
k) Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act
(P.L. 116–139)
On January 8, 2019, Representative Betty McCollum introduced
H.R. 266, the Department of Interior, Environment, and Related
Agencies Appropriations Act. On January 11, 2019, the House
passed the bill, as amended, by a record vote of 240–179 (Roll no.
27). On April 21, 2020, the Senate passed the bill with an amend-
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ment by voice vote. The amendment in the nature of a substitute
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renamed the bill the ‘‘Paycheck Protection Program and Health
Care Enhancement Act’’ and replaced the text of the bill. On April
23, 2020, the House agreed to suspend the rules and agree to the
Senate amendment to H.R. 266 by a record vote of 388–1, 1 present
(Roll no. 104). On April 24, 2020, H.R. 266 was signed by the Presi-
dent and became Public Law No. 116–139.
P.L. 116–139 includes health provisions related to provider relief
fund.
2. OTHER HEALTH CARE PROPOSALS CONSIDERED DURING THE 116TH
CONGRESS
a) The HEROES Act, H.R. 6800
On May 12, 2020, Representative Nita Lowey and eleven cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 6800, the Health and Economic Recovery Om-
nibus Emergency Solutions (HEROES) Act. On May 12, 2020 the
bill was referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and in addi-
tion to the Committees on the Budget, and Ways and Means. On
May 15, 2020, the House passed the bill by a vote of 208–199 (Roll
No. 109).
H.R. 6800 includes health-related provisions to modify and or ex-
pand Medicare and Medicaid, health insurance, and medical prod-
uct supplies and makes emergency supplemental appropriations for
the fiscal year ending September 30, 2020, and for other purposes.
b) DHS Opioid Detection Resilience Act of 2019, H.R. 4761
On October 18, 2019, Representative Clay Higgins and seven co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 4761, the DHS Opioid Detection Resil-
ience Act of 2019. On December 3, 2019, the Committee on Home-
land Security favorably reported the bill as amended, and the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means discharged H.R. 4761. On December 9,
2019, the House agreed to suspend the rules and pass the bill as
amended by a vote of 393–1 (Roll No. 655). On July 29, 2020, the
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs favor-
ably reported the bill without amendment (S. Rept. 116–244).
H.R. 4761 includes health-related provisions regarding the detec-
tion of illicit narcotics at ports of entry.
c) Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act, H.R. 3
On September 19, 2019, Representatives Richard E. Neal, Robert
C. ‘‘Bobby’’ Scott, and Frank Pallone introduced H.R. 3, the Elijah
E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act. On October 22, 2019, the
Committee on Ways and Means marked up and favorably reported
H.R. 3 as amended (H. Rept. 116–324 Part II). On that same day,
the Committee on Energy and Commerce also marked up and fa-
vorably reported the bill as amended (H. Rept. 116–324 Part I). On
December 9, 2019 the Committee on Education and Labor marked
up and favorably reported H.R. 3 as amended (H. Rept. 116–324
Part III). On December 12, 2019 the House agreed to pass H.R. 3
as amended by a vote of 230–192 (Roll Call No. 682).
H.R. 3 includes health-related provisions aimed at lowering the
cost of prescription drugs for Americans, expanding Medicare bene-
fits, increasing drug price transparency, and increasing NIH, FDA,
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d) Public Disclosure of Drug Discounts and Real-Time Beneficiary
Drug Cost Act, H.R. 2115
On April 8, 2019, Representative Abigail Spanberger and two co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 2115, the Public Disclosure of Drug Dis-
counts and Real-Time Beneficiary Drug Cost Act which was re-
ferred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce and in addition
to the Committee on Ways and Means. On October 28, 2019, the
House agreed to suspend the rules and pass the bill as amended
by a vote of 403–0 (Roll Call No. 586).
H.R. 2115 includes health-related provisions requiring the Cen-
ters for Medicare & Medicaid Services to publish certain payment
information like drug manufacturer discounts regarding pharmacy
benefit managers and prescription drugs.
e) Payment Commission Data Act of 2019, H.R. 1781
On March 14, 2019, Representative Earl L. ‘‘Buddy’’ Carter and
five cosponsors introduced H.R. 1781, the Payment Commission
Data Act of 2019. On October 28, 2019, the Committee on Energy
and Commerce marked up and favorably reported H.R. 1781 as
amended (H. Rept. 116–257, Part I), and the Committee on Ways
and Means discharged the bill. On the same day the House agreed
by voice vote to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 1781, as amended.
H.R. 1781 includes health-related provisions requiring payment
information relating to covered drugs under the Medicare prescrip-
tion drug benefit and Medicaid to be disclosed.
f) Workplace Violence Prevention for Health Care and Social Service
Workers Act, H.R. 1309
On February 19, 2019, Representative Joe Courtney and twenty-
six cosponsors introduced H.R. 1309, the Workplace Violence Pre-
vention for Health Care and Social Service Workers Act. On June
11, 2019, the Committee on Education and Labor marked up and
favorably reported H.R. 1309 as amended (H. Rept. 116–296, Part
I). The Committee on Ways and Means discharged the bill on No-
vember 18, 2019, and on November 21, 2019, the House passed the
bill by a vote of 251–158 (Roll Call No. 642).
H.R. 1309 includes health-related provisions to investigate work-
place violence incidents, risks, or hazards as soon as practicable
and provide training for employees.
g) Protecting Americans with Preexisting Conditions Act of 2019,
H.R. 986
On February 6, 2019, Representative Ann M. Kuster and two co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 986, the Protecting Americans with Pre-
existing Conditions Act of 2019. On April 3, 2019, the Committee
on Energy and Commerce marked up and favorably reported H.R.
1309 as amended (H. Rept. 116–44, Part I). On May 8, 2019, Chair-
man Neal and Chairman Pallone exchanged letters in which Chair-
man Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X but agreed to dis-
charge the bill. On May 9, 2019, the House passed the bill by the
Yeas and Nays: 230–183 (Roll Call No. 196).
H.R. 986 includes health-related provisions to nullify guidance
from the Department of Health and Human Services related to
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Medicare 1332 waivers in the Affordable Care Act.
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h) Strengthening the Health Care Fraud Prevention Task Force Act
of 2019, H.R. 525
On January 11, 2019, Representative Greg Walden and three co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 525, the Strengthening the Health Care
Fraud Prevention Task Force Act of 2019. On January 25, 2019,
the bill was referred to the subcommittees on health for both the
Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on Energy and
Commerce. On February 25, 2019, Chairman Neal and Chairman
Pallone exchanged letters in which Chairman Neal asserted juris-
diction under Rule X but agreed to discharge the bill. On February
25, 2019, the House agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and
pass H.R. 525, as amended.
H.R. 525 includes health-related provisions establishing statu-
tory authority and requirements for a partnership between health
insurance plans, government agencies, law enforcement, and health
care organizations to detect and prevent fraud, waste, and abuse.
i) BENES Act of 2020, H.R. 2477
On May 2, 2019, Representative Raul Ruiz and three cosponsors
introduced H.R. 2477, the BENES Act of 2020. On May 2, 2019, the
bill was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in ad-
dition to the Committee on Energy and Commerce. On December
8, 2020, the Committee on Energy and Commerce favorable re-
ported the bill, as amended by an amendment in the nature of a
substitute (H. Rept. 116–621, Part 1) On December 8, 2020, the
House agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and pass H.R.
2477 as amended. Provisions substantially similar to the BENES
Act of 2020 were included in the Consolidated Appropriations Act
of 2021 (see P.L. 116–xx above).
H.R. 2477 includes health provisions related to the Medicare en-
rollment process. In addition, the text of H.R. 1375, the PAID Act;
H.R. 5821, the HOSPICE Act; and H.R. 5534, the Comprehensive
Immunosuppressive Drug Coverage for Kidney Transplant Patients
Act of 2019 was included in the House passed version of H.R. 2477.
j) PAID Act, H.R. 1375
On February 26, 2019, Representative Ron Kind and 1 cosponsor
introduced H.R. 1375, the PAID Act. On February 26, 2019, the bill
was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addi-
tion to the Committee on Energy and Commerce. On December 8,
2020, the House agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and
pass, H.R. 1375 as amended. Text consisting of the provisions of
H.R. 1375 was included in H.R. 2477, the BENES Act of 2019 as
amended. On December 8, 2020, the House agreed by voice vote to
suspend the rules and pass H.R. 2477 as amended. Provisions sub-
stantially similar to the PAID Act were included in the Consoli-
dated Appropriations Act of 2021 (see P.L. 116–xx above).
The bill includes health provisions dealing with accurate infor-
mation disclosure by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
k) Comprehensive Immunosuppressive Drug Coverage for Kidney
Transplant Patients Act of 2019, H.R. 5534
On December 23, 2019, Representative Ron Kind and 5 cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 5534, the Comprehensive Immunosuppressive
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Drug Coverage for Kidney Transplant Patients which was referred
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to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the
Committee on Ways and Means. Text consisting of the provisions
of H.R. 5534 was included in H.R. 2477, the BENES Act of 2019
as amended. On December 8, 2020, the House agreed by voice vote
to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 2477 as amended. Provisions
substantially similar to H.R. 5334 were included in the Consoli-
dated Appropriations Act of 2021 (see P.L. 116–xx above).
H.R. 5534 includes health-related provisions indefinitely extend-
ing Medicare coverage of immunosuppressive drugs for kidney
transplant recipients for individuals who do not have other cov-
erage.
l) Removing Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screenings Act of 2020,
H.R. 1570
On March 6, 2019, Representative Donald Payne and 120 cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 1570, the Removing Barriers to Colorectal
Cancer Screenings Act of 2020, which was referred to the Com-
mittee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee
on Ways and Means. On December 7, 2020, Chairman Neal and
Chairman Pallone exchanged letters in which Chairman Neal as-
serted jurisdiction under Rule X but agreed to discharge the bill.
On December 9, 2020, the House agreed by voice vote to suspend
the rules and pass H.R. 1570 as amended.
The bill includes health-related provisions waiving the Medicare
coinsurance requirements with respect to colorectal cancer screen-
ing tests. Text consisting of the provisions of H.R. 2087, the Drug
Price Transparency Act, was included in H.R. 1570.
m) The Heroes Act, H.R. 925
On January 30, 2019, Representatives Mike Thompson and Rob-
ert J Wittman introduced H.R. 925, the North American Wetlands
Conservation Extension Act. On November 13, 2019, the Com-
mittee on Natural Resources favorably reported H.R. 925 (H. Rept.
116–284). On November 20, 2019, the House agreed to suspend the
rules and pass H.R. 925 by voice vote. On January 9, 2020, the
Senate passed H.R. 925 with an amendment and amendment to
the title by voice vote. On October 1, 2020, the House agreed on
a motion to concur in the Senate amendments with an amendment
striking and replacing the language with the Heroes act agreed to
by the Yeas and Nays: 214–207 (Roll no. 214).
This bill includes health-related provisions to modify and or ex-
pand Medicare and Medicaid, health insurance, and medical prod-
uct supplies and makes emergency supplemental appropriations.
n) Drug Price Transparency Act, H.R. 2087
On April 4, 2019, Representative Lloyd Doggett and one cospon-
sor introduced H.R. 2087, the Drug Price Transparency Act. The
provisions of H.R. 2087 were included in H.R. 2113 as reported by
the Ways and Means Committee on April 9, 2019, as well as in
H.R. 1570 as agreed to by the House (see H.R. 2113 below and H.R.
1570 above). Provisions substantially similar to the Drug Price
Transparency Act were included in the Consolidated Appropria-
tions Act of 2021 (see P.L. 116–xx above).
H.R. 2087 includes health provisions that require certain manu-
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facturers of drugs that are covered under Medicare medical serv-
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ices to report pricing information to the Centers for Medicare &
Medicaid Services.
o) HOSPICE Act, H.R. 5821
On February 10, 2020, Representative Jimmy Panetta and two
cosponsors introduced H.R. 5821, the Helping Our Senior Popu-
lation in Comfort Environments (HOSPICE) Act. On February 12,
2020, the Committee on Ways and Means marked up and favorably
reported H.R. 5821 as amended (H. Rept 116–660, part I). Text
consisting of the provisions of H.R. 5821 was included in H.R. 2477,
the BENES Act of 2019, as amended. On December 8, 2020, the
House agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and pass, as
amended, H.R. 2477. Provisions substantially similar to the HOS-
PICE Act were included in the Consolidated Appropriations Act of
2021 (see P.L. 116–xx above).
H.R. 5821 establishes survey requirements for, and enforcement
mechanisms against, certified hospice programs under Medicare.
p) Restoring Access to Medication Act of 2019, H.R. 1922
On March 27, 2019, Representative Ron Kind and three cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 1922, the Restoring Access to Medication Act
of 2019. On October 23, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means
marked up and favorably reported H.R. 1992 as amended (H. Rept.
116–675). On March 27, 2020, text consisting of the provisions of
H.R. 1922 was included in H.R. 748, the CARES Act which became
public law No: 116–136.
H.R. 1922 includes health-related provisions to allow payments
for over the counter medications and menstrual care products from
health savings accounts, medical savings accounts, health flexible
spending arraignments, and health reimbursement arrangements.
q) Prescription Drug STAR Act, H.R. 2113
On April 8, 2019, Representative Richard Neal and one cosponsor
introduced H.R. 2113, the Prescription Drug Sunshine, Trans-
parency, Accountability, and Reporting (STAR) Act. On April 9,
2019, the Committee on Ways and Means favorably reported H.R.
2113 as amended by voice vote (H. Rept. 116–688 Part 1). Provi-
sions substantially similar to the Prescription Drug STAR Act were
included in the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 (see P.L.
116–xx above).
H.R. 2113 stablishes requirements for prescription drug manu-
facturers to provide certain information about pricing, discounts,
and product samples of applicable drugs.
r) Beneficiary Education Tools, Telehealth, and Extenders Reau-
thorization Act of 2019, or the BETTER Act of 2019, H.R. 3417
On June 21, 2019, Representative Richard Neal and one cospon-
sor introduced H.R. 3417, the Beneficiary Education Tools, Tele-
health, and Extenders Reauthorization Act of 2019. On June 26,
2019, the Committee on Ways and means marked up and favorably
reported H.R. 3417 as amended in nature of a substitute (H. Rept.
116–691 Part 1). Provisions substantially similar to the BETTER
Act of 2019 were included in the Consolidated Appropriations Act
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of 2021 (see P.L. 116–xx above).
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H.R. 3417 extends funding for, and makes a series of changes to,
Medicare enrollment, payment, prescription drug programs, and
extends funding for the geographic index floor under Medicare and
for quality measure endorsement.
s) Opioid Workforce Act of 2019, H.R. 3414
On June 21, 2019, Representative Bradley Schneider and three
cosponsors introduced H.R. 3414, the Opioid Workforce Act of 2019.
On June 26, 2019, the Committee on Ways and means marked up
and favorably reported H.R. 3414 as amended in the nature of a
substitute (H. Rept. 116–116–690 Part 1). Provisions substantially
similar to the Opioid Workforce Act of 2019 were included in the
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 (see P.L. 116–xx above).
H.R. 3414 increases the number of residency positions eligible for
graduate medical education payments under Medicare for hospitals
that have addiction or pain medicine programs, with an aggregate
increase of 1,000 positions over a five-year period.
t) HEARTS and Rural Relief Act, H.R. 3429
On June 24, 2019, Representative Terri Sewell and one cosponsor
introduced H.R. 3429, the Health Equity and Access to Returning
Troops and servicemembers (HEARTS) and Rural Relief Act of
2019. On June 26, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means
marked up and favorably reported H.R. 3429 as amended (H. Rept.
116–620, Part I).
H.R. 3429 makes a series of changes relating to Medicare cov-
erage and requirements, particularly with respect to military retir-
ees and other changes to Medicare payment systems for certain
items and services.
u) Chronic Care Management Improvement Act, H.R. 3436
On June 24, 2019, Representative Suzan DelBene and one co-
sponsor introduced H.R. 3436, the Chronic Care Management Im-
provement Act. On June 26, 2019, the Committee on Ways and
Means marked up and favorably reported H.R. 3436 as amended
(H. Rept. 116–646, Part I).
H.R. 3436 eliminates cost-sharing for chronic care management
services under Medicare.
v) PATIENT Act, H.R. 3439
On June 24, 2019, Representative Donald Breyer introduced H.R.
3439, the Protecting Access to Information for Effective and Nec-
essary Treatment (PATIENT) Act. On June 26, 2019, the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means marked up and favorably reported H.R.
3439 as amended in the nature of a substitute (H. Rept. 116–696
Part 1). Provisions substantially similar to the PATIENT Act were
included in the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 202 (see
P.L. 116–44 above).
H.R. 3439 reauthorizes through FY2026 the Patient-Centered
Outcomes Research Trust Fund, which supports research that eval-
uates and compares outcomes and the clinical effectiveness, risks,
and benefits of two or more medical treatments, services, or other
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w) Primary Care Enhancement Act of 2019, H.R. 3708
On July 11, 2019, Representative Earl Blumenauer and three co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 3708, the Primary Care Enhancement
Act of 2019. On October 23, 2019, the Committee on Ways and
Means marked up and favorably reported H.R. 3708 as amended
by voice vote.
H.R. 3708 permits a taxpayer with a primary care service ar-
rangement whose fixed periodic fee does not exceed $150 a month
to participate in and contribute to a health savings account.
x) I CAN Act, H.R. 4716
On October 17, 2019, Representative TJ Cox and one cosponsor
introduced H.R. 4716, the Inhaler Coverage and Access Now (I
CAN) Act. On October 23, 2020, the Committee on Ways and
Means marked up and favorably reported H.R. 4716 as amended
(H. Rept. 116–401).
H.R. 4716 includes health-related provisions to cover inhalers for
any chronic lung disease, including asthma under high deductible
health plans.
y) Helping Seniors Afford Health Care Act, H.R. 4671
On October 15, 2019, Representative Andy Kim and two cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 4671, the Helping Seniors Afford Health Care
Act. On January 24, 2020, the Committee on Energy and Com-
merce marked up and favorably reported H.R. 4671 as amended
(H. Rept. 116–381, Part I) and the Committee on Ways and Means
discharged the bill.
H.R. 4671 includes health-related provisions to expand the fed-
eral medical assistance percentages for expanded Medicare cost-
sharing populations and low-income Medicare beneficiaries.
z) Medicare Vision Act of 2019, H.R. 4665
On October 11, 2019, Representative Kim Schrier and three co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 4665, the Medicare vision Act of 2019. On
October 22, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means marked up
and favorably reported H.R. 4665 as amended (H. Rept. 116–327,
Part I). On January 24, 2020, the Committee on Energy and Com-
merce marked up and favorably reported H.R. 4665 (H. Rept. 116–
327, Part II). H.R. 4665 was included in the rules committee print
of H.R. 3, the Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act,
which passed the House on December 12, 2019.
H.R. 4665 includes health-related provisions to expand Medicare
Part B coverage to include eyeglasses, contact lenses, and vision
services.
aa) Medicare Dental Coverage Act of 2019, H.R. 4650
On October 11, 2019, Representative Robin Kelly and one cospon-
sor introduced H.R. 4650, the Medicare Dental Coverage Act of
2019. On October 22, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means
marked up and favorably reported H.R. 4650 as amended (H. Rept.
116–325, Part I). On January 24, 2020, the Committee on Energy
and Commerce marked up and favorably reported H.R. 4650 (H.
Rept. 116–325, Part II). H.R. 4650 was included in the rules com-
mittee print of H.R. 3, the Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs
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Now Act, which passed the House on December 12, 2019.
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H.R. 4650 includes health-related provisions to expand Medicare
Part B coverage to include dentures and dental and oral health
services.
bb) Medicare Hearing Act of 2019, H.R. 4618
On October 8, 2019, Representative Lucy McBath and one co-
sponsor introduced H.R. 4618, the Medicare Hearing Act of 2019.
On October 22, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means marked
up and favorably reported H.R. 4618 as amended (H. Rept. 116–
326, Part I). On January 24, 2020, the Committee on Energy and
Commerce marked up and favorably reported H.R. 4618 (H. Rept.
116–326, Part II). H.R. 4618 was included in the rules committee
print of H.R. 3, the Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now
Act, which passed the House on December 12, 2019.
H.R. 4618 includes health-related provisions to expand Medicare
Part B coverage to include hearing aids and hearing rehabilitation
and treatment services.
cc) Pathways to Health Careers Act, H.R. 3398
On June 21, 2019, Representative Danny Davis introduced H.R.
3398, the Pathways to Health Careers Act. On October 29, 2019,
the Committee on Ways and Means marked up and favorably re-
ported H.R. 3398 as amended (H. Rept. 116–265).
H.R. 3398 includes health-related provisions to create career
pathways through health profession opportunity grants.
dd) To provide that the rule entitled ‘‘Short-Term, Limited Duration
Insurance’’ shall have no force or effect, H.R. 1010
On February 6, 2019, Representative Kathy Castor and five co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 1010, to provide that the rule entitled
‘‘Short-Term, Limited Duration Insurance’’ shall have no force or
effect. On April 29, 2019, the committee on Education and Labor
marked up and favorably reported H.R. 1010 (H. Rept. 116–43,
Part I). On May 10, 2019, the Committee on Energy and Commerce
favorable reported H.R. 1010 as amended (H. Rept. 116–43, Part
II). On the same Day the Committee on Ways and Means dis-
charged the bill.
H.R. 1010 includes health-related provisions to nullify rules by
the Department of Health and Human Services regarding short-
term, limited-duration health insurance plans.
ee) To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for re-
porting by certain investors with respect to certain specified
medical care providers, H.R. 5825
On February 10, 2020, Representative Richard Neal introduced
H.R. 5825, To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide
for reporting by certain investors with respect to certain specified
medical care providers. On February 12, 2020, the Committee on
Ways and Means marked up and ordered reported H.R. 5825 as
amended.
H.R. 5825 imposes a new reporting requirement under the Inter-
nal Revenue Code for certain investors with respect to certain spec-
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ified medical care providers.
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ff) Consumer Protections Against Surprise Medical Bills Act of
2020, H.R. 5826
On February 10, 2020, Representative Richard Neal and thirty-
one cosponsors introduced H.R. 5826, the Consumer Protections
Against Surprise Medical Bills Act of 2020. On February 12, 2020,
the Committee on Ways and Means marked up and ordered re-
ported H.R. 5826 as amended. Provisions substantially similar to
the Consumer Protections Against Surprise Medical Bills Act of
2020 were included in the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021
(see P.L. 116–xx above).
H.R. 5826 amends title XXVII of the Public Health Service Act,
the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, and title XI of the Social Security Act to
prevent certain cases of out-of-network surprise medical bills,
strengthen health care consumer protections, and improve health
care information transparency.
D. LEGISLATIVE REVIEW OF WORKER AND FAMILY SUPPORT ISSUES
1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 116TH CONGRESS
a) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116–xx)
On January 3, 2019, Representatives Henry Cuellar and Vicente
Gonzalez introduced H.R. 133, the United States-Mexico Economic
Partnership Act. On January 10, 2019, the House agreed to sus-
pend the rules and pass H.R. 133 by voice vote. On January 15,
2020, H.R. 133 passed the Senate, as amended by the Senate For-
eign Relations Committee, by unanimous consent. On December 21,
2020 the House moved without objection to concur in the Senate
amendment with an amendment striking and replacing the lan-
guage with the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021. Amend-
ments to include the Consolidated Appropriations Act were agreed
to by a recorded vote of 327–85 (Roll no. 250) and 359–53 (Roll no.
251). On December 21, the Senate agreed to the House amendment
to the Senate amendment by Yea-Nay Vote of 92–6 (Record Vote
Number: 289). On December 27, 2020, H.R. 133 was signed by the
President and became Public Law No. 116–xx.
P.L. 116–xx includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding extending unemployment programs enacted in the Families
First Coronavirus Response Act and the CARES Act through
March 14, restoring supplemental federal unemployment benefits
to provide $300 per week for weeks ending after December 26 and
before March 14, extending Pandemic Unemployment Assistance
and Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation through
March 14 for all workers and through April 5 for those receiving
benefits as of March 14 and adding 11 additional weeks to prevent
benefit exhaustion, a new benefit supplement for ‘‘mixed earners,
various technical corrections and a number of provisions regarding
program integrity and effective program administration. In addi-
tion to these unemployment provisions, the bill includes continued
support for existing Health Profession Opportunity Grant grantees,
ongoing support for state courts, and an extension of the Tem-
porary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and related
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programs, including the Child Care Entitlement to States.
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P.L. 116–xx also includes provisions similar to several Worker
and Family Support bills. These include H.R. 4602, the Continu-
ation of Useful Resources to States Act, H.R. 7947, the Supporting
Foster Youth and Families through the Pandemic Act, and H.R.
8812, the Relief for Working Families Act, S. 4209.
b) TANF Extension Act of 2019 (P.L. 116–4)
On January 10, 2019, Chairman Neal, along with Representative
Kevin Brady, introduced H.R. 430, the TANF Extension Act of
2019. On January 14, the bill passed the House by voice vote. On
January 22, the Senate passed the bill without amendment by
voice vote. On January 24, 2019, H.R. 430 was signed by the Presi-
dent and became Public Law No. 116–4.
P.L. 116–4 includes Worker and Family support provisions in-
cluding extending the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
(TANF), the Child Care Entitlement to States (CCES), and related
assistance programs until June 30, 2019.
c) To extend the program of block grants to States for temporary as-
sistance for needy families and related programs through Sep-
tember 30, 2019 (P.L. 116–27)
On May 23, 3019, Representative Danny K. Davis, along with
Representative Jackie Walorski, introduced H.R. 2940. On June 3,
the House agreed to suspend the rules and passed H.R. 2940 by the
Yeas and Nays: 357–55 (Roll no. 233). On June 27, H.R. 2940
passed the Senate without amendment by voice vote. On July 5,
2019, H.R. 2940 was signed by the President and became Public
Law No. 116–27.
P.L. 116–27 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding extending TANF, CCES, and related programs through
September 30, 2019.
d) The Family First Transition Act (P.L. 116–94)
On November 5, 2019, Representative Danny K. Davis and Rep-
resentative Jackie Walorski, along with eleven other members, in-
troduced H.R. 4980, the Family First Transition Act. This bill was
included as Sec. 602 under Subtitle F—Miscellaneous Provisions of
H.R. 1865, the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020.
This legislation passed the House on December 17 by the Yeas and
Nays: 297–120 (Roll No. 689). On December 19, 2019, this bill was
considered by the Senate and passed by the Yeas and Nays: 71–
23 (Record Vote Number: 415). On December 20, 2019, H.R. 1865
was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 116–94.
P.L. 116–94 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding providing additional funding to all states to assist with im-
plementing prevention services and foster youth protections author-
ized in P.L. 115–23, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (which in-
cluded the Family First Prevention Services Act as Title VII of Di-
vision E).
e) Emergency Unemployment Insurance Stabilization and Access
Act of 2020, H.R. 6199
On March 11, 2020, Representative Steven Horsford introduced
H.R. 6199, the Emergency Unemployment Insurance Stabilization
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and Access Act of 2020. On March 14, 2020, H.R. 6199 passed the
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House as Division E of H.R. 6201, the Families First Coronavirus
Response Act (see P.L. 116–27 below).
H.R. 6199 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding providing technical assistance, additional flexibility under
federal law, and emergency transfers to states for unemployment
compensation administration. It also provides interest-free loans to
state unemployment trust funds and full federal financing of Ex-
tended Benefits (EB) through December 31, 2020.
f) Families First Coronavirus Response Act (P.L. 116–27)
On March 11, 2020, Representative Nita Lowey and six cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 6201, the Families First Coronavirus Re-
sponse Act. On March 14, 2020, the House agreed to suspend the
rules and pass H.R. 6201 as amended by a recorded vote of 363–
40 (Roll no. 102). On March 18, 2020, H.R. 6201 passed the Senate
without amendment by Yea-Nay Vote 90–8 (Recorded Vote Num-
ber: 76). On March 18, 2020, H.R. 6201 was signed by the Presi-
dent and became Public Law No: 116–27.
P.L. 116–27 includes worker related provisions providing for in-
creased administrative funding for state unemployment insurance
programs which complied with certain beneficiary access require-
ments, advances to state unemployment trust funds to assist in
paying state unemployment benefits, and temporary full federal fi-
nancing for up to 20 weeks of Extended Benefits (EB) through De-
cember 31, 2020.
g) Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (P.L. 116–
136)
On January 24, 2019, Representative Joe Courtney and seven co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 748, the Middle Class Health Benefits
Tax Repeal Act. On July 17, 2019, the House agreed to suspend the
rules and pass H.R. 748 as amended by a recorded vote of 419–6
(Roll no. 493). On March 25, 2020, H.R. 748 passed the Senate with
an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote 96–0 (Record Vote Number: 80).
On March 27, 2020, the House passed a motion to concur in the
Senate amendment by voice vote. On March 27, 2020, H.R. 748 was
signed by the President and became Public Law No: 116–136.
P.L. 116–136 includes worker and family related provisions in-
cluding a $600 per week federal supplement to state unemploy-
ment compensation, which expired July 31, 2020. It also includes
a number of temporary beneficiary and state program supports
which expire December 31, 2020, including 1) Pandemic Emergency
Unemployment Compensation (PEUC), which provides 13 addi-
tional weeks unemployment compensation for individuals who ex-
haust state benefits, 2) Pandemic Unemployment Assistance
(PUA), which provided up to 39 weeks of federal unemployment
benefits modeled after Disaster Unemployment Assistance to indi-
viduals who do not qualify for state unemployment benefits but
met certain conditions, 3) Federal financing for work-sharing pro-
grams, 4) federal financing to waive ‘‘waiting weeks’’ for state un-
employment benefits, and 5) federal financing for half of the cost
incurred by ‘‘reimbursable’’ employers when employees are laid off.
The law also extended a number of family support programs, in-
cluding TANF, CCES, and Health Profession Opportunity Grants
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(HPOG).
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h) Supporting Foster Youth and Families through the Pandemic
Act, H.R. 7947
On August 7, 2020, Representative Danny K. Davis and Rep-
resentative Jackie Walorski introduced H.R. 7947, the Supporting
Foster Youth and Families through the Pandemic Act. This bill be-
came part of the amendment to H.R. 925, the Heroes Act, and on
October 1, 2020, the House agreed on a motion to concur in the
Senate amendments with an amendment agreed to by the Yeas and
Nays: 214–207 (Roll no. 214). The Supporting Foster Youth and
Families through the Pandemic Act was included in the Consoli-
dated Appropriations Act of 2021 (see P.L. 116–xx above).
H.R. 7947 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding providing temporary additional funding to support older
foster youth, kin caregivers, at-risk families, state courts, adoptive
families, and foster care prevention services, and allows older
youth to remain in foster care during the pandemic.
i) Emergency Aid for Returning Americans Affected by the
Coronavirus Act (P.L. 116–148)
On June 29, 2020, Senator Chuck Grassley introduced S. 4091,
the Emergency Aid for Returning Americans Affected by the
Coronavirus Act. On June 29, this bill was passed in the Senate
without amendment, by Voice Vote. On June 29, this bill passed
the House without objection. On July 13, 2020, S. 4091 was signed
by the President and became Public Law No: 116–148.
P.L. 116–148 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding increasing the maximum amount of funding available in
FY2020 for, and revising certain requirements pertaining to, tem-
porary assistance for U.S. citizens and their dependents who are
returning from foreign countries due to a crisis and are without
available resources. Under current law, the Department of Health
and Human Services may provide assistance such as money pay-
ments and medical care to these individuals on a temporary basis.
j) Protecting Nonprofits from Catastrophic Cashflow Act (P.L. 116–
151)
On July 2, 2020, Senator Tim Scott introduced S. 4209, the Pro-
tecting Nonprofits from Catastrophic Cashflow Act. On July 2, this
bill passed the Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent.
On July 9, the House passed S. 4209 without objection. On August
3, 2020, S. 4209 was signed by the President and became Public
Law No. 116–151.
S. 4209 includes Worker and Family support provisions including
making a technical correction to the provision in the CARES Act
which provided a 50 percent subsidy for unemployment costs for re-
imbursable employers.
k) Continuation of Useful Resources to States Act, H.R. 4602
On October 4, 2020, Representative Kevin Brady, along with two
other members, introduced H.R. 4602, the Continuation of Useful
Resources to States (COURTS) Act. Provisions substantially similar
to the COURTS Act were included in the Consolidated Appropria-
tions Act of 2021 (see P.L. 116–xx above).
H.R. 4602 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
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cluding an extension of state court funding for child welfare, and
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an adjustment to the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
(TANF) Contingency Fund for state welfare programs.
2.) OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 116TH CONGRESS
l) BRIDGE For Workers Act, H.R. 1759
On March 14, 2019, Representative Stephanie Murphy and Rep-
resentative Jackie Walorski, along with two cosponsors, introduced
H.R. 1759, the BRIDGE for Workers Act. On April 24, this bill was
ordered to be reported favorably by Voice Vote out of the Ways and
Means Committee markup. On April 9, H.R. 1759 passed the
House agreed to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 1759 by the Yeas
and Nays: 393–24 (Roll no. 162).
H.R. 1759 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding flexibility to allow states to use federal reemployment serv-
ices funding for any individual claiming unemployment compensa-
tion who would be able to return to work more quickly with serv-
ices.
m) Pathways for Health Careers Act, H.R. 3398
On June 21, 2019, Representative Danny K. Davis introduced
H.R. 3398, the Pathways for Health Careers Act. On October 22,
2019, the Committee on Ways and Means reported the bill as
amended favorably by the Yeas and Nays: 24–16. The bill was in-
cluded in the rules committee print of H.R. 3, the Elijah E. Cum-
mings Lower Drug Costs Now Act. On December 12, 2019, H.R. 3
passed the house by the Yeas and Nays: 230–192 (Roll no. 682).
H.R. 3398 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding reauthorizing and expanding the Health Profession Oppor-
tunity Grant program to help low-income parents and other dis-
advantaged workers fill shortages in the health care workforce and
move up the economic ladder. This bill wraps up sixteen smaller
bills introduced by Ways and Means members into a comprehen-
sive package.
n) Home Visiting to Reduce Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Act,
H.R. 4768
On October 21, 2019, Representative Danny K. Davis introduced
H.R. 4768, the Home Visiting to Reduce Maternal Mortality and
Morbidity Act. The bill was included in the rules committee print
of H.R. 3, the Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act. On
December 12, 2019, H.R. 3 passed the house by the Yeas and Nays:
230–192 (Roll no. 682).
H.R. 4768 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding increasing funding for home visiting programs throughout
the country to help reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. It fol-
lowed an Oversight Subcommittee hearing regarding maternal
mortality and morbidity.
o) Family Care for Essential Workers Act, H.R. 6460
On April 7, 2020, Representative Danny K. Davis and Represent-
ative Linda Sánchez, along with eleven other members, introduced
H.R. 6460, the Family Care for Essential Workers Act. This bill
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was included in H.R. 7327, the Child Care for Economic Recovery
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Act. It passed the House as part of H.R. 6800, the Heroes Act, by
the Yeas and Nays: 208–199 (Roll no. 109).
H.R. 6460 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding increasing Social Services Block Grant funding to provide
assistance to essential workers in finding and paying for child and
adult dependent care services during the COVID–19 pandemic.
p) Child Care is Infrastructure Act, H.R. 7201
On June 15, 2020, Representative Katherine Clark introduced
H.R. 7201, the Child Care is Infrastructure Act. This bill was in-
cluded in H.R. 7327, the Child Care for Economic Recovery Act. It
passed the House as part of H.R. 6800, the Heroes Act, by the Yeas
and Nays: 208–199 (Roll no. 109).
H.R. 7201 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding requiring the Secretary of Health and Human Services to
conduct an immediate assessment of the structural condition of
child care facilities and authorizes grants to states to fund con-
struction costs and structural improvements to improve health,
safety, and function.
q) Child Care for Economic Recovery Act, H.R. 7327
On June 25, 2020, Chairs Nita Lowey and Richard Neal, along
with four other members, introduced H.R. 7327, the Child Care for
Economic Recovery Act. It passed the House as part of H.R. 6800,
the Heroes Act, by the Yeas and Nays: 208–199 (Roll no. 109).
H.R. 7327 includes a number of Committee provisions in Division
B, including increased funding for the Child Care Entitlement to
States. The bill also includes H.R. 6460, the Family Care for Essen-
tial Workers Act, as well as H.R. 7201, the Child Care is Infra-
structure Act.
r) The Heroes Act, H.R. 6800
On May 12, 2020, Chairwoman Nita Lowey and 11 cosponsors in-
troduced H.R. 6800, the Heroes Act. On May 15, 2020, the House
passed H.R. 6800 by a recorded vote of 208–199 (Roll No. 109).
This bill includes Worker and Family Support legislation includ-
ing H.R. 7327, the Child Care for Economic Recovery Act, H.R.
6865, the Home Visiting Resiliency During the Pandemic Act, and
provisions related to extending a number of FFCRA and CARES
Act programs for unemployed workers and state unemployment in-
surance agencies.
s) Support Working Families Act, H.R. 7846
On July 29, 2020, Representative Katie Porter introduced H.R.
7846, the Support Working Families Act. It was included in the
House amendment to H.R. 925. On October 1, 2020, the House
agreed on a motion to concur in the Senate amendments to H.R.
925 with an amendment agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 214–207
(Roll no. 214).
H.R. 7846 includes Worker and Family Support provisions in-
cluding clarifying access to pandemic unemployment assistance for
individuals with caregiving responsibilities when, due to COVID–
19 (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019), a school or facility is only par-
tially open, care is not available or affordable during the hours of
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available work, or attending a school or facility presents an unac-
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ceptable risk to a child or household, in addition to the current-law
eligibility for those whose facilities are fully closed.
t) The Elder Justice Reauthorization Act, H.R. 8079
On August 21, 2020, Chairman Richard Neal introduced H.R.
8079, the Elder Justice Reauthorization Act. Some provisions of the
Elder Justice Reauthorization Act were included in the Consoli-
dated Appropriations Act of 2021 (see description of P.L. 116–xx
above).
The Elder Justice Reauthorization Act includes Worker and Fam-
ily Support provisions including $100 million for programs author-
ized under the Elder Justice Act (included as part of the Patient
Protection and Affordable Care Act, P.L. 111–148, as amended). Of
that money, $50 million are directed toward Adult Protective Serv-
ices (APS), which is the first time federal funding has ever been ex-
pressly dedicated to APS.
u) The Heroes Act, H.R. 925
On January 30, 2019, Representatives Mike Thompson and Rob-
ert J. Wittman introduced H.R. 925, the North American Wetlands
Conservation Extension Act. On November 13, 2020, the Com-
mittee on Natural Resources favorably reported H.R. 925 (H. Rept.
116–284). On November 11, 2019, the House agreed to suspend the
rules and pass H.R. 925 by voice vote. On January 9, 2020, the
Senate passed H.R. 925 with an amendment and amendment to
the title by voice vote. On October 1, 2020, the House concurred in
the Senate amendments with an amendment striking and replacing
the language with the Heroes Act by the Yeas and Nays: 214–207
(Roll no. 214).
This bill includes Worker and Family Support related provisions
including H.R. 7947, the Supporting Foster Youth and Families
during the Pandemic Act, H.R. 7846, the Support Working Families
Act, and provisions related to extending a number of FFCRA and
CARES Act programs for unemployed workers and state unemploy-
ment insurance agencies.
E. LEGISLATIVE REVIEW OF SOCIAL SECURITY ISSUES
1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 116TH CONGRESS
a) ALS Disability Insurance Access Act of 2019, S. 578 (P.L. 116–
250)
On February 27, 2019, Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse and 39 cospon-
sors introduced S. 578, ALS Disability Insurance Access Act of
2019. On December 2, 2020, the Committee on Finance discharged
the bill by Unanimous Consent. On December 2, 2020, S. 578
passed the Senate without an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote 96–1
(Record Vote Number: 250). On December 8, 2020, the House
agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and pass S. 578. On De-
cember 22, 2020 S. 578 was signed by the President and became
Public Law No: 116–250.
The ALS Disability Insurance Access Act of 2019 eliminates the
five-month waiting period for Old Age, Survivors, and Disability In-
surance benefits for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Under current law, individuals must wait five months after becom-
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ing disabled before their disability insurance benefits may begin.
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b) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116–xx)
On January 3, 2019, Representatives Henry Cuellar and Vicente
Gonzalez introduced H.R. 133, the United States-Mexico Economic
Partnership Act. On January 10, 2019, the House agreed to sus-
pend the rules and pass H.R. 133 by voice vote. On January 15,
2020, H.R. 133 passed the Senate, as amended by the Senate For-
eign Relations Committee, by unanimous consent. On December 21,
2020 the House moved without objection to concur in the Senate
amendment with an amendment striking and replacing the lan-
guage with the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021. Amend-
ments to include the Consolidated Appropriations Act were agreed
to by a recorded vote of 327–85 (Roll no. 250) and 359–53 (Roll no.
251). On December 21, the Senate agreed to the House amendment
to the Senate amendment by Yea-Nay Vote of 92–6 (Record Vote
Number: 289). On December 27, 2020, H.R. 133 was signed by the
President and became Public Law No. 116–xx.
P.L. 116–xx includes Social Security provisions related to Social
Security Administration death data and improper payments, as
well as the payroll tax deferral.
2. OTHER PROPOSALS DURING THE 116TH CONGRESS
a) H.R. 5306, Know Your Social Security Act, H.R. 5306
On December 5, 2019, Representatives John B. Larson and Vern
Buchanan introduced H.R. 5306, the Know Your Social Security
Act. On December 11, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means fa-
vorably reported the bill as amended by voice vote (H. Rept. 116–
616).
The Know Your Social Security Act clarifies that SSA must pro-
vide by mail an annual Social Security Statement to all workers
ages 25 and older with covered earnings, who are not receiving So-
cial Security benefits. The bill provides individuals the option to re-
ceive their annual statement electronically, rather than by mail, if
they prefer to do so.
b) Farm Workforce Modernization Act of 2019, H.R. 5038
On November 12, 2019, Representative Zoe Lofgren and 49 co-
sponsors introduced the Farm Workforce Modernization Act of
2019. On December 9, 2019, the Judiciary Committee favorably re-
ported the bill, as amended (H. Rept. 116–328). On December 9,
2019, Chairman Neal and Chairman Nadler exchanged letters in
which Chairman Neal asserted jurisdiction under Rule X but
agreed to discharge the bill. On December 11, 2019, H.R. 5038
passed the House by a recorded vote of 260–165 (Roll no. 674).
The bill includes Social Security-related provision regarding the
immigration status of noncitizen farmworkers.
F. LEGISLATIVE REVIEW OF OVERSIGHT ISSUES
Throughout the 116th Congress, the Committee on Ways and
Means (Committee) held two oversight-related markups—one on a
bill that became Public Law 116–25 and another for consideration
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of historical documents—and advanced a robust oversight agenda.
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1. BILLS ENACTED INTO LAW DURING THE 116TH CONGRESS
a) Taxpayer First Act (P.L. 116–25)
On March 28, 2019, Members of the Oversight Subcommittee,
with the Committee Chairman and Ranking Member, introduced
H.R. 1957, the Taxpayer First Act of 2019. This bill was sponsored
by Oversight Subcommittee Chairman John Lewis and Ranking
Member Mike Kelly and had 27 cosponsors. The Committee favor-
ably reported the bill, as amended, on April 2, 2019 (H. Rept 116–
39). The House suspended the rules and passed H.R. 1957, as
amended, by a voice vote on April 9, 2019. On June 17, 2019, the
Senate considered an amendment to strike the language passed in
the House and replaced the text with the Great American Outdoors
Act. H.R. 1957, as amended, was agreed to by the Yeas and Nays:
73–25 (Record Vote Number 121).
On June 6, 2019, Members of the Oversight Subcommittee, with
the Committee Chairman and Ranking Member, introduced H.R.
3151, the Taxpayer First Act. This bill was sponsored by Oversight
Subcommittee Chairman John Lewis and Ranking Member Mike
Kelly, had 27 cosponsors, and generally contained the provisions of
H.R. 1957. The House suspended the rules and passed H.R. 3151
by a voice vote on June 10, 2019. H.R. 3151 was passed by the Sen-
ate on June 13, 2019, without amendment, by a voice vote and was
signed into law by the President on July 1, 2019, becoming Public
Law No: 116–25.
Public Law No. 116–25 amends the Internal Revenue Code of
1986 (Code) to modernize and improve the Internal Revenue Serv-
ice (IRS) by putting taxpayers first and modernizing operations for
the 21st century. The bill established an independent appeals proc-
ess, improved customer service, protected low-income taxpayers, re-
quired sensible enforcement, and advanced cybersecurity, identity
protection, and information technology.
b) Fostering Undergraduate Talent by Unlocking Resources for Edu-
cation Act (P.L. 116–91)
On December 1, 2019, Representative Alma Adams and three co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 5363, the Fostering Undergraduate Tal-
ent by Unlocking Resources for Education (FUTURE) Act. On De-
cember 10, 2019, the House agreed to suspend the rules and pass
H.R. 5363 as amended by Yea-Nay Vote 319–96 (Roll no. 659). On
December 10th, the Senate passed the House version without
amendment by Voice Vote (CR S6956). On December 19, 2019, H.R.
5363 was signed by the President and became Public Law No. 116–
91.
Public Law No. 116–91 provides permanent funding for minority-
serving institutions and simplifies the federal student financial aid
process. It also streamlines the Free Application for Federal Stu-
dent Aid (FAFSA) by requiring the IRS to share tax information di-
rectly with the Department of Education, eliminating at least 22
questions from the FAFSA form. In addition, the Act simplifies the
process borrowers use to enroll or recertify their enrollment in in-
come-driven student loan repayment plans by allowing the IRS to
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share tax information with the Department of Education.
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c) Increased Funding for the IRS, Consolidated Appropriations Act,
2020 (P.L. 116–93)
On February 13, 2019, Representative Michael McCaul four co-
sponsors introduced H.R. 1158, making consolidated appropriations
for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2020, and for other pur-
poses. On June 10, 2019, the House agreed to suspend the rules
and pass the bill as amended by voice vote. On September 24,
2019, the Senate passed H.R. 1158 with Senate Amendment 941 by
Unanimous Consent. On December 17, 2019, the House passed a
motion to concur in the Senate amendment to H.R. 1158 with an
amendment consisting of the text of the Rules (Committee Print
116–43 by Yea-Nay Vote 280–138 (Roll No. 690). On December 17,
2019, the Senate agreed to the House amendment to the Senate
amendment by Yea-Nay vote 81–11 (Record Vote Number: 428). On
December 20, 2019, H.R. 1158 was signed by the President and be-
came Public Law No. 116–93.
Public Law No. 116–93 increases the IRS’s budget by more than
$200 million over FY 2019 levels. In April 2019, Democratic Mem-
bers of the Oversight Subcommittee sent a letter to the House
Committee on Appropriations to express strong support for robust
funding and staffing for the IRS in the FY 2020 Financial Services
and General Government Appropriations bill. The IRS received
$11.5 billion in FY 2020 funding. On May 9, 2019, the Committee
held a hearing entitled ‘‘Understanding the Tax Gap and Taxpayer
Noncompliance’’ that focused on, and supported, the need to suffi-
ciently fund the IRS and ensure for balanced and fair tax law en-
forcement.
d) $25 Million Funding for Gun Violence Research, Further Con-
solidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116–94)
On March 25, 2019, Representative Bill Pascrell and 103 cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 1865, to require the Secretary of the Treasury
to mint a coin in commemoration of the opening of the National
Law Enforcement Museum in the District of Columbia, and for
other purposes. On October 28, 2019, the House agreed to suspend
the rules and pass H.R. 1865 as amended by voice vote. On Novem-
ber 12, 2020, H.R. 1865 passed the Senate by unanimous consent.
On December 17, 2019, the House passed a motion to concur in the
Senate amendment with an amendment consisting of the text of
the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020 by the Yeas
and Nays: 297–120 (Roll No. 689). On December 19, 2019, the Sen-
ate agreed to the House amendment to the Senate amendment by
Yea-Nay Vote 71–23 (Record Vote Number: 415). On December 20,
2019, H.R. 1865 was signed by the President and became Public
Law No. 116–94.
Public Law No. 116–94 includes a tax package that appropriates
$25 million for gun violence research, designating federal research
funding for the first time in more than 20 years to study a problem
that kills nearly 40,000 Americans annually. The package provides
$12.5 million for each of the Centers for Disease Control and Pre-
vention and the National Institutes of Health. The Oversight Sub-
committee held two hearings related to gun violence entitled ‘‘The
Public Health Consequences and Costs of Gun Violence’’ and ‘‘How
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the Tax Code Subsidizes Hate.’’
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e) Repeal of Code Section 512(a)(7), Taxpayer Certainty and Dis-
aster Relief Act of 2019 (P.L. 116–94)
On March 25, 2019, Representative Bill Pascrell and 103 cospon-
sors introduced H.R. 1865, to require the Secretary of the Treasury
to mint a coin in commemoration of the opening of the National
Law Enforcement Museum in the District of Columbia, and for
other purposes. On October 28, 2019, the House agreed to suspend
the rules and pass H.R. 1865 as amended by voice vote. On Novem-
ber 12, 2020, H.R. 1865 passed the Senate by unanimous consent.
On December 17, 2019, the House passed a motion to concur in the
Senate amendment with an amendment consisting of the text of
the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020 by the Yeas
and Nays: 297–120 (Roll No. 689). On December 19, 2019, the Sen-
ate agreed to the House amendment to the Senate amendment by
Yea-Nay Vote 71–23 (Record Vote Number: 415). On December 20,
2019, H.R. 1865 was signed by the President and became Public
Law No. 116–94.
Public Law No. 116–94 retroactively repeals a provision of the
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) that imposed unrelated
business income tax (UBIT) on exempt organizations for providing
parking and transportation benefits to their employees. In June
2019, the Oversight Subcommittee had announced and prepared
materials for a hearing on repealing this provision. While the hear-
ing ultimately did not occur due to scheduling reasons, all testi-
mony and materials were entered into the record.
2. MATERIALS REPORTED TO THE HOUSE
a) Materials Protected Under Section 6103 of the Code
On July 25, 2019, the Committee voted to go into an executive
session for consideration of confidential tax return information pur-
suant to 26 U.S.C. § 6103. The Committee considered tax return in-
formation of President Nixon reviewed by the Joint Committee on
Taxation (JCT) pursuant to Section 6103 in preparation of Senate
Report 93–768, ‘‘Staff Report of the Joint Committee on Internal
Revenue Taxation, Examination of President Nixon’s Tax Returns
for 1969 through 1972.’’ By a vote of 25 to 10, the Committee sub-
mitted materials pertaining to JCT’s review to the House. On Au-
gust 16, 2019, the Committee issued H. Rept. 116–186, which dis-
cusses the executive session and the submitted materials.
G. LEGISLATIVE REVIEW OF MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public
Law number unavailable at time of filing)
On March 26, 2020, Chairman Adam Smith and Ranking Mem-
ber Mac Thornberry introduced H.R. 6395, National Defense Au-
thorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021. On July 9, 2020 the Com-
mittee on Armed Services favorably reported the bill as amended
(H. Rept. 116–442) with a supplemental report filed on July 16,
2020 (H. Rept. 116–442, Part II). On July 21, 2020, H.R. 6395
passed the house by the Yeas and Nays: 295–125 (Roll no. 152). On
November 16, 2020, H.R. 6395 passed the Senate with an amend-
ment in the nature of a substitute by voice vote. The conference re-
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port was filed on December 3, 2020 (H. Rept. 116–617), was agreed
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to in the House on December 8, 2020 by the Yeas and Nays: 335–
78, 1 Present (Roll no. 238), and agreed to by Senate on December
11, 2020 by Yea-Nay vote: 84–13 (Record Vote Number: 264). On
December 23, 2020, the President vetoed H.R. 6395. On December
28, 2020 the House passed the bill, the objections of the President
to the contrary notwithstanding by the Yeas and Nays (2/3 re-
quired): 322–87 (Roll no. 253). On January 1, 2021 the Senate
passed the bill, the objections of the President to the contrary not-
withstanding Yea-Nay Vote 81–13 (Record Vote Number: 292).
With the veto overridden by both the House and Senate the bill be-
came law.
The House Ways and Means Committee was granted outside con-
feree status for the National Defense Authorization Act for provi-
sions related to the provision of information to states on undeliv-
ered savings bonds, extension of limitations on the importation of
uranium from the Russian federation, a proposal to create an office
of trade and export promotion functions within the Department of
State, and the appointment of privacy and information security of-
ficer within regulatory agencies including the Internal Revenue
Service. Not all provisions for which the Ways and Means Com-
mittee received outside conferee status were included in the final
conference report.
II. OVERSIGHT ACTIVITY REVIEW
A. OVERSIGHT AGENDA 1
Matters under the Committee’s Federal Budget Jurisdiction
• Economic and Budget Outlook. Oversight hearings and other
activities with various Administration officials to discuss the Presi-
dent’s budget proposals, current economic and budget conditions,
and limits on the public debt.
Matters under the Committee’s Tax Jurisdiction
• Tax Reform. Hearings and other activities related to com-
prehensive reform of the tax code to create a fairer, simpler tax
code built for growth. Discuss and consider appropriate tax relief
for families and individuals and employers of all sizes.
• Priorities of the Department of the Treasury. Hearings with the
Treasury Secretary and other Administration officials to receive in-
formation regarding the Administration’s tax-related priorities for
the 116th Congress. Specifically, discuss and consider legislative
and administrative proposals contained in the President’s fiscal
year 2020 and 2021 budgets.
• Tax Provisions Contained in Public Law 115–97. Hearings and
other activities regarding the 2017 tax act (the Act), including
hearings examining the Act’s disparate impact across geographical
regions, and the Act’s effect on income inequality, charitable giving,
home prices, funding of state and local governments, the national
debt, wage stagnation, levels of business investment (including
changes in the number of domestic jobs) and stock buybacks. Con-
sider the international provisions of the Act, and whether those
provisions created incentives for multinational corporations to
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1 House Committee on Ways and Means Oversight Agenda as submitted to the Clerk of the
House on March 1, 2019.
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move jobs and economic activity offshore and to avoid taxes by tak-
ing advantage of loopholes created by the Act.
• Infrastructure. Hearings and other activities related to robust
investment in American infrastructure directed at modernizing
how Americans travel and the American economy grows, creating
good jobs and meaningful economic development at the local, state,
and federal levels. Examination of provisions within the Commit-
tee’s jurisdiction to create jobs in a green economy and invest in
underdeveloped areas, including bond-financing programs and tax
credit incentives.
• Internal Revenue Service Operations/Administration of Tax
Laws. Oversight of the major Internal Revenue Service programs,
including enforcement, collection, taxpayer services, returns proc-
essing, and information systems. Continue oversight over major op-
erating areas of the agency to ensure the nation’s tax laws are
being administered in a fair and impartial manner. Consider anal-
yses and reports provided to the Congress by the IRS National Tax-
payer Advocate, Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administra-
tion (TIGTA), and the Government Accountability Office (GAO).
Oversight of IRS funding and staffing levels needed to provide tax-
payer assistance, enforce the tax law effectively and efficiently, and
to modernize the IRS information technology systems. Evaluate tax
return filing seasons, including returns processing, availability of
taxpayer services, and the revision of forms and issuance of guid-
ance. Examine proposals and programs to address the ‘‘tax gap’’
and improve tax law compliance. Discuss proposed funding and
staffing levels for the IRS, and legislative proposals and adminis-
trative proposals contained in the President’s fiscal year 2020 and
2021 budgets.
• Tax-Exempt Organizations. Oversight of Federal tax laws, reg-
ulations, and filing requirements that affect tax-exempt organiza-
tions, including new requirements under the Act. Evaluate overall
IRS efforts to provide assistance to and monitor tax-exempt organi-
zations, identify areas of non-compliance, prevent abuse, and en-
sure timely disclosure to the public about tax-exempt organization
activities and finances.
• Tax Code Simplification. Oversight of tax code complexity, par-
ticularly for individuals, with the goal of legislative or administra-
tive simplification. Review areas where taxpayers and professional
return preparers have difficulty, including areas where they make
the most errors, and consider solutions. Evaluate simplification of
information returns to assist taxpayers in determining taxable in-
come.
• Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). Oversight of the refundable
federal income tax credit designed to assist low to moderate-income
working individuals and families. Evaluate participation rates and
administration of the credit.
• Tax Scams and Improper Payments. Oversight of the latest tax
scams and tax fraud activities with a goal of protecting taxpayers
and preventing identity theft. Examine IRS programs designed to
identify and remedy identity theft and tax fraud. Consult and re-
view analyses of GAO and TIGTA on this subject.
• Federal Excise Taxes and Related Trust Funds. Oversight re-
view of Federal excise taxes, including credits and refunds, and the
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trust funds financed by these taxes.
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• Pensions and Retirement Security. Oversight review of the fi-
nancial condition, operations, and governance of the Pension Ben-
efit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), including the financial exposure
of the PBGC.
• Tax Returns. Oversight of legislative proposals and tax law re-
lated to Presidential and Vice-Presidential tax returns.
Matters under the Committee’s Health Jurisdiction
• Health Reform. Hearings and other activities related to reform
of the health care system to reduce costs, lower premiums, expand
choices, and ensure access to affordable coverage.
• Priorities of the Department of Health and Human Services.
Oversight hearings with the Health and Human Services Secretary
to discuss priorities for the 116th Congress and concerns related to
the delivery of health services and payment under Medicare. Spe-
cifically, discuss and consider legislative and administrative pro-
posals contained in the President’s fiscal year 2020 budget.
• Health Provisions Contained in the ‘‘Affordable Care Act’’
(ACA). Hearings and other activities regarding various health pro-
visions contained in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
(P.L. 111–148) and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation
Act of 2010 (P.L. 111–152), known collectively as the ACA. Over-
sight and other activities related to ACA health provisions, includ-
ing its changes to the annual updates to Medicare Fee-For-Service’s
payment rates, changes to Medicare Advantage’s payment rates,
benefit changes to fee-for-service and Medicare Advantage, and the
Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation.
• Medicare Part A and Part B (Fee-for-Service Providers). Over-
sight of Medicare to ensure efficient use of resources, quality of
care, and access to providers for Medicare beneficiaries. Specific
topics include: adequacy and appropriateness of provider payments,
including incentive payments and implementation of reforms to
physician payment systems; program benefits; patient out-of-pocket
costs; workforce supply; treatment of specific populations such as
people with disabilities and low-income beneficiaries; social deter-
minants of health and health disparities; prescription drug costs;
quality improvement efforts; and waste, fraud, and abuse activities.
• Medicare Advantage. Oversight of Medicare Advantage health
plans, including: enrollment; benefit packages; quality; beneficiary
choice; coding risk adjustment and payment accuracy; and submis-
sion of encounter data and health risk assessments.
• Medicare Part D (Prescription Drug Plans). Oversight of the
Medicare prescription drug program, including: costs of prescrip-
tion drugs; beneficiary premiums and cost-sharing; the risk sharing
structure and reinsurance; improvements to the low income sub-
sidy program; impacts of recently enacted legislation and regula-
tions on the Part D program; access to retiree prescription drug
coverage; and the use of Medicare negotiation and competition to
lower prescription drug costs.
• Medicare Trust Fund Stewardship. Oversight of program
changes on the Medicare Trust Funds; premium and copay levels;
provider payments; benefit design, and improvements to the pro-
gram’s long-term sustainability.
• CMS Administration. Oversight of CMS, including issuance of
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regulations and their impact on Medicare beneficiaries and pro-
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viders; the adequacy and use of CMS’ budget and staff; contracting
activities; communications with beneficiaries; adherence to the Ad-
ministrative Procedure Act; and general agency accountability.
• Private Health Insurance Coverage. Oversight and review of
private health coverage, including: cost, access, subsidies to pur-
chase insurance, benefit design, coverage options, pooling mecha-
nisms, and employer-sponsored benefits; COBRA; HCTC; health
savings accounts and flexible spending arrangements; options to re-
duce the cost of health coverage, expand coverage, and address the
rate of increase in health care costs; the impact of the ACA and re-
lated regulations on those with private insurance, the uninsured,
employers, the economy, and state budgets; and adherence to the
Administrative Procedures Act.
• Surprise Billing. Oversight of the causes and consequences of
surprise medical bills, state actions to protect consumers, and fed-
eral options to ensure families are not left unprotected from unan-
ticipated charges by health providers.
• Prescription Drugs. Oversight of the landscape of federal poli-
cies that can be changed to lower prescription drug prices including
tax incentives, payment incentives, and misaligned incentives
among various entities in the health system, as well as ways to di-
rectly lower patient cost as well as costs overall in health care and
costs to taxpayers.
Matters under the Committee’s Worker and Family Support Juris-
diction
• Work Support. Review proposals designed to better support
low-income families in working and increasing their earnings so
they can escape poverty, including programs and policies that help
parents qualify for, obtain, and retain good jobs.
• Unemployment Compensation. Provide oversight of the nation’s
unemployment compensation benefits and financing systems, in-
cluding those designed to accelerate returns to work, and to ensure
that they are prepared for future recessions.
• Child Welfare. Provide oversight of the nation’s child welfare
programs, including foster care, adoption assistance, and child and
family service programs under Titles IV–B and IV–E of the Social
Security Act. Review state efforts to promote adoption, provide pre-
vention services, decrease the inappropriate use of congregate care
settings, strengthen family connections, and successfully address
the health and educational needs of foster children.
• Paid Family Leave. Review proposals in the Committee’s juris-
diction to provide paid family leave to workers in order to improve
economic and family outcomes.
Matters under the Committee’s Social Security Jurisdiction
• Adequacy of benefits and options for strengthening Social Secu-
rity. Examine the role of Social Security benefits in ensuring eco-
nomic security for retirees, persons with career-ending disabilities,
and survivors; how well the program is meeting the needs of cur-
rent and future beneficiaries; and financing challenges facing So-
cial Security. In addition, compare and contrast options to
strengthen Social Security.
• Ability of Social Security Administration (SSA) to serve the
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public and effectively administer benefits. Examine SSA’s ability to
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serve the public in person at local field offices and hearing offices,
as well as by phone and via the internet; office closures and other
barriers to in-person assistance; and the problems of backlogs and
service delays, including long delays in the disability appeals proc-
ess. Evaluate SSA’s ability to prevent errors and detect fraud.
Oversee SSA’s implementation of recent legislation including re-
forms in the representative payment program. Examine the ade-
quacy of SSA’s administrative budget.
• Access to earned disability benefits. Examine the extent to
which SSA’s policies and procedures ensure due process and access
to benefits for individuals who meet eligibility criteria in the law.
• Information technology, cybersecurity and identity theft. Over-
see SSA’s investments in information technology, including its
modernization program, cybersecurity at SSA, and the prevention
of identity theft involving Social Security numbers.
Matters under the Committee’s Trade Jurisdiction
• Trade Negotiations. Fully exercise Congress’ constitutional role
and oversight responsibilities regarding existing and new trade ne-
gotiations. Ensure the Administration’s compliance with statutory
Congressional notification, consultation, and transparency require-
ments, with the goal of concluding meaningful, comprehensive and
high-ambition agreements, with particular focus on: addressing
long-standing structural and competitively consequential chal-
lenges with China; the European Union; Asia-Pacific; and other rel-
evant trading partners or topical issues. Closely monitor the with-
drawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union to deter-
mine an appropriate approach and timeline for negotiations con-
cerning a trade agreement with the United Kingdom.
• Enforcement. Oversight of enforcement of U.S. rights under
trade agreements, including the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Agreements and bilateral and regional free trade agreements, to
hold U.S. trading partners accountable and render commitments
secured from trading partners meaningful. Oversight of the imple-
mentation of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of
2015 to ensure that the new enforcement tools in the bill are being
fully utilized, particularly with respect to evasion of trade rem-
edies, forced labor, intellectual property rights violations, currency
policy, and violations of trade agreements. Particular oversight of
enforcement activities related to China’s WTO commitments, as
well as continuing barriers imposed by other countries and econo-
mies. Oversight of the administration of U.S. trade remedy laws,
as well as enforcement related to U.S. intellectual property rights,
import safety, and illegal transshipment.
• Implemented Trade Agreements and Agreements in the Process
of Implementation. Oversight of implemented agreements with Co-
lombia; Panama; Peru; Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Sal-
vador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua (CAFTA DR); Oman;
Bahrain; Singapore; Chile; Australia; Morocco; Jordan; Canada and
Mexico (NAFTA); and Israel. Oversight of implemented elements of
the agreement with Korea and provisions of the 2018 renegotiation
that Korea is still in the process of implementing. Continued anal-
ysis of the impact of these trade agreements for American workers,
companies, ranchers, and farmers. Identify provisions of such trade
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agreements that should be improved or updated.
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• Miscellaneous Tariff Bill (MTB). Oversight of the implementa-
tion of the procedures set forth in the American Manufacturing
Competitiveness Act of 2016, to include: ensuring that the Inter-
national Trade Commission and the Executive Branch perform
their roles within the timeframes set forth in the bill and maintain
an open and transparent process; and producing a legislative pack-
age of noncontroversial provisions for consideration by the House.
• Impact of Trade on U.S. Job Creation. Oversight of the impact
of trade on U.S. jobs, wages, and economic growth or displacement.
• Trade Remedies. Oversight and promotion of the enforcement
of the trade remedy laws, in compliance with the legal and evi-
dentiary requirements established by Congress. Oversight of imple-
mentation of the Enforce and Protect Act of 2015 by Customs and
Border Protection (CBP) to address trade remedy evasion and en-
sure CBP’s compliance with the law as written. Support of Admin-
istration efforts to defend the use of the criteria established by
Congress to identify non-market economy countries for the pur-
poses of antidumping cases.
• China. Oversight of Administration strategies to respond to or
counteract continued high level of government intervention in Chi-
na’s economy. Oversight of systemic problems in U.S.-China trade
relations, including issues related to China’s compliance with its
commitments and adoption of norms reflected in the rules of the
WTO; labor and environmental standards; consistent lack of protec-
tion and enforcement of U.S. intellectual property rights; excess
production capacity for steel, aluminum, and many other commod-
ities; indigenous innovation requirements; use of subsidies to ad-
vance industrial policies; and currency policies. Oversight of en-
forcement issues including ensuring that implementation of U.S.
trade remedy laws appropriately accounts for China’s state inter-
vention in its economy.
• Preference Programs. Oversight, reform and renewal of major
U.S. trade preference programs, including the Generalized System
of Preferences (expiring December 31, 2020) and the African
Growth and Opportunity Act.
• Labor. Oversight and promotion of Administration efforts to
enforce labor obligations in U.S. trade agreements and to imple-
ment the ban on imports produced as a result of forced labor. Con-
tinued oversight of U.S. trade agreements under which a petition
has been filed alleging that the country is not complying with the
labor obligations in the agreement, including Colombia, Peru, Hon-
duras, and the Dominican Republic.
• Environment. Oversight and promotion of Administration ef-
forts to enforce environmental obligations in U.S. trade agree-
ments. Continued oversight of the U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion
Agreement which provides for specific, additional obligations to ad-
dress forestry management and trade in illegally harvested timber.
• Agriculture. Oversight and promotion of Administration efforts
to enforce provisions relating to and to remove tariff and unjusti-
fied non-tariff barriers to U.S. agriculture and biotechnology. Con-
tinued analysis and assessment of the benefits of agriculture ex-
ports to U.S. farmers, ranchers, companies, workers, and rural
communities, and the need to increase U.S. agriculture exports.
• Manufacturing. Oversight and promotion of Administration ef-
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tariff barriers to U.S. manufacturing, with particular focus on effec-
tively addressing global excess production capacity for steel, alu-
minum, and other commodities. Continued analysis and assess-
ment of the impact of manufacturing exports to U.S. manufacturers
and their employees, and the need to increase U.S. manufacturing
exports.
• Services. Oversight and promotion of Administration efforts to
enforce provisions relating to and to remove barriers to the U.S.
services sector. Analysis and assessment of the benefits of services
to all sectors of the U.S. economy and the need to increase U.S. ex-
ports. Oversight over ‘‘covered agreement’’ insurance negotiations.
• Digital Trade and E-commerce. Oversight regarding trade bar-
riers faced by U.S. workers, manufacturers, service providers, and
the agriculture sector in the area of digital trade and e-commerce,
particularly with respect to data issues (localization measures and
dataflows). Oversight regarding how to address these issues
through enforcement and trade negotiations.
• World Trade Organization (WTO). Oversight of U.S. goals in
the WTO, including reform proposals, negotiations (including ef-
forts such as the Environmental Goods Agreement, Trade in Serv-
ices Agreement, relating to fisheries subsidies, e-commerce), the
functioning and reform of the dispute settlement system, and WTO
accessions (including consideration of legislation granting Perma-
nent Normal Trade Relations status and graduation from the Jack-
son-Vanik amendment’s requirements). Analysis of the impact of
WTO membership for the United States, including the U.S. experi-
ence and record in WTO dispute settlement, the role of a rules-
based system for U.S. businesses, producers, workers, and con-
sumers, and the cost of non-compliance or lack of compliance by
other WTO members with WTO rules. Monitor the progress of
WTO members in undertaking the domestic processes necessary to
bring the Trade Facilitation Agreement into force.
• Trade Sanctions. Oversight concerning import sanctions with,
among others, Iran, Russia, Cuba, North Korea, Syria, and Ven-
ezuela.
• Trade Adjustment Assistance. Continued oversight concerning
the Trade Adjustment Assistance programs for workers, firms,
communities, and farmers, to monitor the effectiveness of these
programs in providing training and new jobs for displaced workers
and determine the parameters for effective reform and improve-
ment.
• Priorities of the Office of the United States Trade Representa-
tive (USTR). Oversight over USTR to evaluate priorities for the
116th Congress and the trade agenda, and to assure its statutory
role with respect to trade policy. Possible consideration of author-
ization, at the earliest opportunity. Oversight over trade advisory
committees.
• Priorities of Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Oversight
over CBP and implementation of Customs revenue functions. Over-
sight of the implementation of the Enforce and Protect Act of 2015
to ensure that the new enforcement tools provided in the bill are
being fully utilized by CBP, including provisions relating to evasion
of trade remedy laws and forced labor.
• Priorities of the United States International Trade Commission.
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Oversight over the Commission concerning overall priorities and
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operations. Possible consideration of authorization, at the earliest
opportunity.
This list is not intended to be exclusive. The Committee antici-
pates that additional oversight hearings and activities will be
scheduled as issues arise and as time permits. Also, the Commit-
tee’s oversight priorities and particular concerns may change as the
116th Congress progresses over the coming two years.
B. ACTIONS TAKEN AND RECOMMENDATIONS MADE WITH RESPECT
TO OVERSIGHT PLAN
1. SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT
Actions Taken
FULL COMMITTEE HEARINGS
On May 9, 2019, the Committee received testimony on ‘‘Under-
standing the Tax Gap and Taxpayer Noncompliance’’ from: (i) The
Honorable J. Russell George, Treasury Inspector General for Tax
Administration (TIGTA); (ii) Mr. James R. McTigue, Director, Tax
Issues, Strategic Issues, Government Accountability Office (GAO);
(iii) Dr. Ben Herndon, Chief Research and Analytics Officer, IRS;
and (iv) Mr. Kenneth Wood, former Deputy Associate Chief Coun-
sel, Office of Chief Counsel (International), IRS. The Committee ex-
amined the $460 billion gross (and $400 million net after enforce-
ment) tax gap. The Committee considered the different components
of the tax gap, the opportunity for noncompliance (especially for
high-income taxpayers), and the relationship between the size of
the tax gap and IRS funding and staffing levels.
On May 16, 2019, the Committee received testimony on ‘‘Over-
coming Racial Disparities and Social Determinants in the Maternal
Mortality Crisis’’ from: (i) The Honorable Robin Kelly, Member of
Congress, 2nd District of Illinois; (ii) The Honorable Jaime Herrera
Beutler, Member of Congress, 3rd District of Washington; (iii) Ms.
Allyson Felix, U.S. Track and Field Olympian; (iv) Dr. Patrice A.
Harris, President-Elect, American Medical Association; (v) Dr. Mi-
chael Lu, Senior Associate Dean for Academic, Student and Faculty
Affairs, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Wash-
ington University; (vi) Dr. Melanie Rouse, Maternal Mortality
Projects Coordinator, Virginia Department of Health, Office of the
Chief Medical Examiner; (vii) Dr. Loren Robinson, Deputy Sec-
retary for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Pennsylvania
Department of Health; and (viii) Dr. Lisa M. Hollier, Immediate
Past President and Interim CEO, American College of Obstetri-
cians and Gynecologists. The Committee examined actions that
could reduce the number of pregnancy-related deaths in the United
States and the range of personal, social, economic, and environ-
mental factors that lead to women of color being at a higher risk
for pregnancy-related complications.
On February 11, 2020, the Committee received testimony on
‘‘The Disappearing Corporate Income Tax’’ from: (i) Jason Furman,
Professor of the Practice of Economic Policy, Harvard Kennedy
School of Government; (ii) Rebecca Kysar, Professor of Law, Ford-
ham University School of Law; (iii) Chye-Ching Huang, Director of
Federal Fiscal Policy, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; and
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(iv) Douglas Holtz-Eakin, President, American Action Forum. The
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Committee examined the impact of the TCJA on corporate income
tax revenues, the deficit, and tax fairness.
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARINGS
On February 7, 2019, the Oversight Subcommittee received testi-
mony on ‘‘Legislative Proposals and Tax Law Related to Presi-
dential and Vice-Presidential Tax Returns’’ from: (i) Joseph J.
Thorndike, Director of the Tax History Project, Tax Analysts; (ii)
George K. Yin, Professor, University of Virginia Law School; (iii)
Steven M. Rosenthal, Senior Fellow, Urban-Brookings Tax Policy
Center; (iv) Noah Bookbinder, Executive Director, Citizens for Re-
sponsibility and Ethics in Washington; and (v) Kenneth J. Kies,
Managing Director, Federal Policy Group. The Subcommittee exam-
ined the history of tax returns voluntarily disclosed by Presidents,
Vice Presidents, and candidates running for those offices, as well
as the history of taxpayer confidentiality rules (Section 6103 of the
Code) and present-law exceptions.
On March 7, 2019, the Oversight Subcommittee received testi-
mony at the ‘‘Hearing with the National Taxpayer Advocate on the
IRS Filing Season’’ from Nina E. Olson, National Taxpayer Advo-
cate. The Subcommittee examined findings from the National Tax-
payer Advocate’s 2018 Annual Report to Congress and discussed
legislative recommendations for the 2019 tax return filing season.
On June 19, 2019, the Oversight Subcommittee planned to re-
ceive testimony on ‘‘Ending the TCJA Tax on Houses of Worship,
Charities, and Nonprofits’’ from: (i) David L. Thompson, Vice Presi-
dent of Public Policy, National Council of Nonprofits; (ii) Nathan J.
Diament, Executive Director for Public Policy, Union of Orthodox
Jewish Congregations of America; (iii) Andrea Barton Reeves,
President and CEO, HARC, Inc.; (iv) Christopher L. Augostini, Ex-
ecutive Vice President for Business and Administration, Emory
University; and (v) John Graham, President & CEO, American So-
ciety of Association Executives. While the hearing ultimately did
not occur due to scheduling reasons, all testimony and materials
were entered into the record. On January 8, 2020, Chairman Neal
and Chairman Lewis wrote a letter to the IRS requesting that an
expedited process be established for tax-exempt organizations to
obtain refunds of UBIT paid on parking and transportation.
On September 19, 2019, the Oversight Subcommittee received
testimony on ‘‘How the Tax Code Subsidizes Hate’’ from: (i) Mr.
Brandon Wolf, Survivor of the Pulse Nightclub Shooting; (ii) Mr.
Jeff Binkley, Father of Maura Binkley and Founder of Maura’s
Voice; (iii) Dr. Sylvia Y. Acosta, CEO, YWCA El Paso Del Norte Re-
gion; (iv) Mr. Marcus S. Owens, Partner, Loeb & Loeb LLP; and
(v) Professor Eugene Volokh, Gary T. Schwartz Distinguished Pro-
fessor of Law, UCLA School of Law. The Subcommittee examined
hate crimes, gun violence, and the exemption from federal tax pro-
vided to certain hate groups under the Code.
On September 26, 2019, the Oversight Subcommittee received
testimony on the ‘‘Public Health Consequences and Costs of Gun
Violence’’ from: (i) The Honorable Danny K. Davis, Member of Con-
gress, 7th District of Illinois; (ii) The Honorable Lucy McBath,
Member of Congress, 6th District of Georgia; (iii) The Honorable
Mike Thompson, Member of Congress, 5th District of California;
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atives (District 24); (v) The Honorable Dr. David Satcher, Founding
Director and Senior Advisor of the Satcher Health Leadership In-
stitute, Morehouse School of Medicine (Former Surgeon General of
the United States and Director of the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention); (vi) Dr. Susan B. Sorenson, Professor of Social
Policy, School of Social Policy & Practice, Senior Fellow in Public
Health, Director, Ortner Center on Violence & Abuse, University of
Pennsylvania; (vii) Dr. Laurie J. Punch, Trauma Surgeon, Barnes-
Jewish Hospital & Associate Professor of Surgery, Washington Uni-
versity School of Medicine; and (viii) Dr. Morissa Henn, Commu-
nity Health Program Director, Intermountain Healthcare. The Sub-
committee examined gun violence as a public health concern, as
well as the health care costs, social consequences, and economic
consequences of gun violence.
On October 13, 2020, the Oversight Subcommittee received testi-
mony on ‘‘Taxpayer Fairness’’ from: (i) Ambassador Norm Eisen
(ret.), Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution; (ii) Kathleen Clark,
Professor of Law, Washington University in St. Louis School of
Law; (iii) Leandra Lederman, Professor of Law, Indiana University
Maurer School of Law; (iv) Steven M. Rosenthal, Senior Fellow,
Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center; and (v) Andy S. Grewal, Pro-
fessor & Joseph. F. Rosenfield Fellow in Law, The University of
Iowa College of Law. The Subcommittee examined overall vol-
untary compliance, a recent New York Times series on issues re-
lated to the President’s tax compliance, and inequities in the en-
forcement of our tax laws.
On October 20, 2020, the Oversight Subcommittee received testi-
mony on ‘‘Maximizing Health Coverage Enrollment’’ from: (i) The
Honorable Marlene Caride, Commissioner, New Jersey Department
of Banking and Insurance; (ii) Kevin N. Patterson, Chief Executive
Officer, Connect for Health Colorado; (iii) Andy Slavitt, Board
Chair, United States of Care; and (iv) Chris Pope, Senior Fellow,
Manhattan Institute. The Subcommittee examined the significance
of maximizing enrollment in quality affordable health coverage and
state actions implementing the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its
provisions to expand access to coverage and increase affordability.
On November 20, 2020, the Oversight Subcommittee received
testimony at the ‘‘Hearing with the IRS Commissioner’’ from the
Honorable Charles P. Rettig, IRS Commissioner. The Sub-
committee examined overall operations of the IRS and the impact
of the coronavirus pandemic on IRS operations.
INVESTIGATIONS
a) Mandatory Audit Program for Presidential Tax Returns
As noted above, the Oversight Subcommittee held hearings relat-
ing to Presidential tax returns on February 7, 2019, and October
13, 2020, and the Committee reviewed Presidential tax return in-
formation in executive session on July 25, 2019. Additionally, dur-
ing the 116th Congress, the Committee considered legislative pro-
posals and conducted oversight concerning the IRS’s mandatory
audit program for the returns of a sitting President and Vice Presi-
dent. Those efforts are still ongoing because of the Administration’s
refusal to provide the Committee with requested documents
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throughout this Congress. Among other things, the Committee has
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sought to determine whether legislative changes are necessary to
ensure that the IRS is able to treat a sitting President—the head
of the Executive Branch—like any other taxpayer.
This work also relates to the Committee’s ongoing efforts to in-
crease transparency regarding the tax returns of sitting Presidents,
Vice Presidents, and candidates for those offices. Specifically, Title
X of H.R. 1, the For the People Act of 2019, which passed the
House on March 8, 2019, mandates that the President, the Vice
President, and candidates for President and Vice President must
publicly disclose income tax returns for 10 years.
In addition to the Committee and Oversight Subcommittee hold-
ing various hearings and an executive session where these issues
were raised, the Committee Chairman also requested certain docu-
ments under 26 U.S.C. § 6103 from Treasury and initiated litiga-
tion that is pending in federal court. Noteworthy oversight activi-
ties include:
1. April 3, 2019: Chairman Neal sent a letter to the IRS request-
ing the President’s tax returns and return information under Sec-
tion 6103 of the Code.
2. April 13, 2019: Chairman Neal sent a follow-up letter to the
IRS reiterating his Section 6103 request for the President’s tax re-
turns and return information.
3. May 10, 2019: Chairman Neal sent subpoenas to IRS Commis-
sioner Rettig and Secretary Mnuchin for the President’s tax re-
turns and return information.
4. June 10, 2019: Oversight Subcommittee staff received a brief-
ing from Treasury and IRS officials and asked hundreds of ques-
tions about the mandatory audit program, most of which went un-
answered.
5. June 28, 2019: Chairman Neal sent a letter to Treasury and
the IRS regarding concerns raised by the June 10 briefing.
6. July 2, 2019: The Committee filed a lawsuit in federal court.
7. September 30, 2020: Chairman Pascrell sent a letter to the
President urging him to release his tax returns.
8. September 30, 2020: Chairman Pascrell sent a letter to IRS
Commissioner Rettig urging him to comply with Chairman Neal’s
April 3, 2019, request and inviting him to testify before the Sub-
committee.
b) IRS Operations
In addition to the Committee and Subcommittee hearings listed
above on IRS operations, the Committee and Oversight Sub-
committee have conducted regular oversight of IRS operations, in-
cluding tax administration, agency funding and staffing, and the
tax return filing season.
With respect to the review of IRS operations due to a lapse in
the FY 2019 appropriations for Treasury, relevant oversight activi-
ties include:
1. January 4, 2019: Chairman Neal wrote to Treasury and the
IRS regarding the impact of the lapse in funding (the partial gov-
ernment shutdown) and the furlough of 70,000 employees on the
IRS’s preparedness for the upcoming filing season.
2. January 29, 2019: Chairman Lewis and Ranking Member
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Kelly wrote to the IRS seeking immediate guidance for taxpayers
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who were unable to receive assistance during the partial govern-
ment shutdown.
3. November 21, 2019: Chairman Lewis and Appropriations Sub-
committee on Financial Services and General Government Chair-
man Quigley wrote to the IRS regarding the GAO opinion that the
IRS violated the Anti-Deficiency Act.
With respect to the review of 2019 income tax return filing sea-
son issues, relevant oversight activities include:
1. February 12, 2019: Chairman Lewis and Representative Chu
wrote to Treasury and the IRS regarding incorporating the tax
changes in the TCJA into withholding calculations.
2. February 14, 2019: Chairman Neal and Chairman Lewis wrote
to the IRS regarding the usability of the ‘‘postcard’’ 1040 and its
schedules.
3. February 27, 2019: Chairman Neal and Chairman Lewis sent
a letter following up on the February 14, 2019 request.
4. May 9, 2019: Chairman Neal, Ranking Member Brady, Chair-
man Lewis and Ranking Member Kelly wrote to Treasury regard-
ing the Free File Program.
5. October 28, 2019: Chairman Lewis and Ranking Member Kelly
wrote to the IRS regarding the MITRE Corporation’s review of the
IRS’s development of the ‘‘postcard’’ 1040.
The pandemic impacted the ability of taxpayers, tax practi-
tioners, and the IRS to operate during the tax return filing season
and 2020. With respect to the review of the impact of the pandemic
on IRS operations, relevant oversight activities include:
1. March 10, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Lewis and 23
Committee Members wrote to the IRS requesting evaluation of the
extension of the tax return filing season.
2. March 19, 2020: Chairman Neal wrote a letter to Treasury re-
garding the extension of the April 15 tax deadline.
3. March 25, 2020: Chairman Lewis sent a letter to the IRS ask-
ing the agency to require private debt collectors to stop calling tax-
payers and sending notices during the pandemic.
4. April 25, 2020: Chairman Neal and Chairman Lewis issued a
press release providing that the IRS should not require employees
to return to work until the IRS provides necessary personal protec-
tive equipment (PPE).
5. June 11, 2020: Chairman Neal and Chairman Lewis wrote to
the IRS regarding the issuance of balance due notices and request-
ing consideration of penalty waivers.
6. June 25, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to TIGTA request-
ing a review of the issuance of balance due notices.
7. August 19, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to the IRS re-
garding erroneous notices issued to taxpayers and requested that
notices be held until the backlog in the IRS’s unopened mail is ad-
dressed.
8. October 22, 2020: Chairman Neal and Chairman Pascrell
wrote a letter to the IRS regarding current backlogs and readiness
for the upcoming filing season in 2021.
Other issues related to IRS operations and tax administration
were addressed with the following relevant oversight activities:
1. June 3, 2019: Chairman Neal wrote to the IRS requesting
guidance on certain federal tax laws related to family and medical
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2. July 19, 2019: Chairman Neal and Chairman Lewis wrote to
the IRS regarding sharing tax information related to citizenship
with Immigration and Customs Enforcement and other agencies.
3. October 24, 2019: Chairman Lewis and Ranking Member Kelly
wrote to the IRS regarding the IRS private debt collection program.
4. June 1, 2020: Chairman Neal wrote to Treasury requesting in-
formation regarding high-income non-filers’ tax compliance in fol-
low up to a TIGTA report.
5. October 20, 2020: Chairman Pascrell and the Subcommittee
Democratic Members wrote to Treasury requesting action to ad-
dress the erroneous revocation notices sent to more than 30,000
nonprofit organizations.
6. November 3, 2020: Chairman Pascrell and the Subcommittee
Democratic Members wrote to Treasury and the IRS regarding the
implementation of the Schedule F Executive Order 13957 signed by
the President on October 21, 2020.
c) Economic Impact Payments
As noted above, on November 20, 2020, the Oversight Sub-
committee heard testimony from the IRS Commissioner regarding
the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on IRS operations. In addi-
tion to holding this hearing, the Oversight Subcommittee has con-
ducted robust oversight of the IRS’s work to administer pandemic-
related relief. In March 2020, Congress passed the Coronavirus
Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, which authorized
the IRS to issue ‘‘stimulus checks,’’ or economic impact payments
(EIPs), to hundreds of millions of Americans. Since March, the
Oversight Subcommittee has conducted oversight of the IRS’s ef-
forts to issue these payments and resolve constituents’ questions or
issues. Importantly, the Oversight Subcommittee has sought to en-
sure that the most vulnerable Americans are not left behind by the
IRS’s payment efforts. Relevant oversight activities include:
1. March 31, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to the Free File
Alliance requesting that the Alliance help non-filers access EIPs.
2. March 31, 2020: Chairman Neal called on Treasury to issue
EIPs automatically to Social Security and Veterans Affairs (VA)
beneficiaries and recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
and not require them to file any additional tax forms. Following
Chairman Neal’s request, on April 1, 2020, Treasury announced
that Social Security beneficiaries would automatically receive EIPs.
3. April 3, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Takano, and Chair-
man Davis sent a letter urging Treasury and the IRS to automati-
cally send EIPs to recipients of SSI and VA benefits. Following the
Chairmen’s request, on April 15, 2020, the IRS announced that SSI
recipients would automatically receive EIPs. On April 17, 2020, the
IRS announced that recipients of VA benefits also would receive
EIPs automatically.
4. April 15, 2020: Chairman Lewis and Chairman Thompson sent
a letter to Treasury regarding reports that paper checks were being
delayed so that Treasury could print the President’s name on the
checks.
5. April 21, 2020: Chairman Lewis and Chairman Thompson sent
a letter to Treasury on direct deposit issues that caused stimulus
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6. April 21, 2020: Chairman Larson and Chairman Davis sent a
letter to Treasury requesting that Social Security and Railroad Re-
tirement Board beneficiaries be given additional time to register
dependents on the non-filer portal.
7. April 30, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to request that
the IRS promptly reschedule a public EIP briefing that the IRS
abruptly canceled.
8. May 28, 2020: Oversight Subcommittee Democratic Members
sent a letter to Treasury demanding answers on the use of prepaid
debit cards to deliver EIPs.
9. May 28, 2020: Chairman Neal and Chairman Lewis sent a let-
ter to request weekly reports from Treasury on the delivery of
EIPs.
10. June 8, 2020: Chairman Neal and Chairman Pallone sent a
letter to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) re-
questing that action be taken to prevent nursing homes and as-
sisted living facilities from seizing residents’ EIPs.
11. July 1, 2020: Chairman Neal and Chairman Lewis sent a let-
ter to the IRS urging the agency to take all steps necessary to en-
sure Americans would not have to wait until 2021 to receive the
full EIP amounts for which they are eligible.
12. July 17, 2020: Chairman Davis, together with Members of
the Congressional Black Caucus, sent a letter to the IRS regarding
EIPs for incarcerated individuals.
13. July 27, 2020: Chairman Neal and Ranking Member Wyden
sent a letter to Treasury and the IRS regarding outstanding EIP
issues and the need for improved taxpayer assistance.
14. August 10, 2020: Chairman Neal and Representative Slotkin
sent a letter to the IRS requesting more taxpayer assistance to re-
solve EIP issues.
15. August 27, 2020: Chairman Neal, Representative Hayes, and
other Democratic House Members sent a letter to the IRS request-
ing improved taxpayer assistance regarding EIPs.
16. September 10, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to the IRS
urging the agency to begin mailing letters to non-filers who had not
yet registered for EIPs.
17. October 5, 2020: Chairman Davis, together with Members of
the Congressional Black Caucus, sent a letter to Treasury regard-
ing EIPs for incarcerated individuals.
18. December 3, 2020: Democrats on the Committee sent a letter
to the IRS urging the agency to continue working EIP cases
through December 31, 2020, and requesting that they keep the IRS
mailbox for congressional offices open through the next filing sea-
son.
d) Paycheck Protection Program
Another key component of the CARES Act was the Paycheck Pro-
tection Program (PPP), which authorized loans for small businesses
affected by the coronavirus pandemic. In a joint effort with the
Committee on Financial Services and Committee on Small Busi-
ness, the Committee requested and received information on the
more than 5 million PPP loans. The Oversight Subcommittee re-
viewed this information and provided reports on relevant district-
and state-level data to each Committee Member. Relevant over-
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1. June 13, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairwoman Velázquez, and
Chairwoman Waters sent a letter to Treasury and the Small Busi-
ness Administration (SBA) requesting PPP loan data.
2. July 28, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairwoman Waters, and
Chairwoman Velázquez sent a letter to Treasury and SBA regard-
ing PPP loans and minority-owned businesses.
e) Other Coronavirus Pandemic Response
In addition to hearing from Commissioner Rettig on the IRS’s
COVID–19 relief efforts on November 20, 2020, the Committee has
conducted additional oversight regarding the federal government’s
response to the coronavirus pandemic, including PPE shortages,
the safety of federal employees, expanding access to health cov-
erage, taxpayer protections, and the distribution of funds available
under the CARES Act to health care providers. Relevant oversight
activities include:
1. March 27, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Scott, Ranking
Member Wyden, Ranking Member Murray, and Representative
Sánchez sent a letter to the Department of Education to request
the return of all amounts garnished from federal tax refunds for
unpaid student loan debt during the filing season.
2. April 1, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to Vice President
Pence regarding the shortage of PPE affecting health care pro-
viders and states.
3. April 2, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to the Department
of Labor (DOL) regarding additional funding for states to deal with
soaring unemployment claims because of the COVID–19 pandemic.
4. April 3, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, Chairman
Scott, Ranking Member Wyden, and Ranking Member Murray sent
a letter to Vice President Pence and the Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS) requesting the establishment of a special
enrollment period in the ACA Marketplaces in response to COVID–
19.
5. April 10, 2020: Chairman Neal and Representative DelBene
sent a letter to Treasury and the IRS requesting that they use
their disaster authority to provide relief related to the development
of affordable rental housing.
6. April 13, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, Chairman
Scott, Ranking Member Wyden, and Ranking Member Murray sent
a letter to HHS, Treasury, and DOL requesting the establishment
of a special enrollment period in the ACA Marketplaces as well as
requesting information about other actions that could support con-
sumers secure health coverage amidst the pandemic.
7. May 7, 2020: Chairman Neal and Chairman Pallone sent a let-
ter to HHS and CMS concerning the methodology and distribution
of COVID–19 funds to health care providers.
8. May 28, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to Vice President
Pence concerning outstanding requests the Committee sent to the
Administration regarding the coronavirus pandemic.
9. June 15, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, Chairman
Scott, Ranking Member Wyden, and Ranking Member Murray sent
a letter to CMS and HHS regarding information associated with
special enrollment periods.
10. July 7, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, Chairman
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a letter to HHS, Treasury, and DOL regarding implementation of
the CARES Act and insurance coverage for COVID–19 testing.
11. July 27, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to HHS regarding
CDC data collection from hospitals related to COVID–19.
12. July 31, 2020: Chairman Neal and Representative Pressley
sent a letter to Treasury regarding racial inequities in the imple-
mentation of the CARES Act and administration of the Code.
13. August 4, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Nadler, and
Chairwoman Lofgren sent a letter to the Department of State, De-
partment of Homeland Security, and DOL regarding restrictions
placed on certain health care workers and researchers needed
amidst the pandemic.
14. September 15, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to HHS con-
cerning the process associated with the revision and publication of
certain public health reports associated with COVID–19.
15. September 24, 2020: Chairman Neal and Chairman Pascrell
sent a letter to HHS regarding the decision not to send reusable
face masks to Americans.
16. November 2, 2020: Chairman Pascrell, Chairman Doggett,
Chairman Davis, and Chairman Blumenauer sent a letter to the
Office of Personnel Management regarding steps being taken to
protect federal employees amidst the pandemic.
f) Opportunity Zones
In addition to holding various hearings at which the impacts of
the TCJA were discussed, during the 116th Congress, the Com-
mittee conducted oversight of ‘‘opportunity zones,’’ which are des-
ignated areas created under the TCJA in which investors can in-
vest capital gains and receive favorable tax treatment. Opportunity
zones have received a lot of attention in recent years due to con-
cerns that there are few guardrails in place to ensure that invest-
ments are benefiting the communities in which they are located.
The Oversight Subcommittee has sought to determine whether this
program unduly benefits wealthy investors and whether legislative
changes are necessary to improve the program. Relevant oversight
activities include:
1. October 29, 2019: Chairman Lewis and Chairman Thompson
led a bipartisan roundtable for Committee Members on opportunity
zones. Witnesses included: (i) Brett Theodos, Senior Fellow, Urban
Institute; (ii) David Phinney, wine entrepreneur and owner of Sav-
age & Cooke; (iii) John Persinger, CEO, Erie Downtown Develop-
ment Corporation; and (iv) John Lettieri, President and CEO, Eco-
nomic Innovation Group.
2. November 4, 2019: Chairman Neal, Ranking Member Wyden,
Chairman Lewis, and Senator Booker wrote a letter to GAO re-
questing a study on the effectiveness of opportunity zones, zone
designations, and compliance.
3. November 4, 2019: Chairman Neal and Ranking Member
Wyden sent a letter to Treasury regarding the opportunity zone
designation process.
g) Maternal Mortality
In addition to the hearing held by the Committee on May 16,
2019, the Committee, on a bipartisan basis, conducted oversight re-
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May 21, 2019, Chairman Neal and Ranking Member Brady sent
letters to HHS and GAO requesting a comprehensive review of pro-
grams and models related to maternal mortality, as well as an
analysis of relevant data.
h) ACA Implementation
In addition to the October 20, 2020 hearing on ‘‘Maximizing
Health Coverage Enrollment,’’ the Committee conducted oversight
regarding how federal agencies have implemented various provi-
sions of the ACA, including matters related to coverage options
that do not provide comprehensive benefits, outreach and enroll-
ment, and nondiscrimination protections. In addition to the hearing
noted above, relevant oversight activities include:
1. January 8, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Scott, Chairman
Pallone, Ranking Member Wyden, and Ranking Member Murray
sent a letter to HHS, Treasury, DOL, and the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget requesting information on the final regulation ex-
panding the availability of short-term, limited-duration insurance
plans.
2. January 10, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Scott, Chairman
Pallone, Ranking Member Wyden, and Ranking Member Murray
sent a letter to HHS and CMS regarding how the Administration
utilizes user fees to support ACA Marketplaces.
3. January 14, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Scott, Chairman
Pallone, Ranking Member Wyden, Ranking Member Murray, and
Ranking Member Casey sent a letter to Treasury and HHS regard-
ing the effects of the government shutdown on consumers enrolled
in Marketplace coverage.
4. April 8, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Cummings, Chair-
man Pallone, Chairman Scott, and Chairman Nadler sent letters to
HHS, CMS, the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the White House
Counsel requesting documents related to the decision not to defend
the ACA.
5. June 4, 2019: Chairman Neal and Chairman Pallone sent a
letter to CMS regarding efforts to expand direct enrollment
through the Federal Marketplace.
6. June 13, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, and Chair-
man Scott wrote a letter to HHS and CMS regarding proposed poli-
cies related to Marketplace enrollment and the affordability of pre-
miums.
7. June 28, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, and Chair-
man Scott sent a follow-up letter to CMS concerning the June 13,
2019 letter.
8. July 1, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, and Chair-
man Scott sent a letter to Treasury regarding proposed policies re-
lated to Marketplace enrollment and the affordability of premiums.
9. November 21, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, Chair-
man Scott, Ranking Member Wyden, and Ranking Member Murray
wrote a letter to HHS and CMS regarding technical failures on
HealthCare.gov.
10. December 13, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, Rank-
ing Member Murray, and Ranking Member Wyden wrote a letter
to HHS and CMS regarding efforts by Idaho’s state-based Market-
place to offer plans that do not meet the ACA’s consumer protection
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11. December 17, 2019: Chairman Neal wrote a letter to the HHS
Acting Inspector General regarding technical difficulties related to
the HealthCare.gov and Medicare.gov websites.
12. December 17, 2019: Chairman Neal and the Democratic Mem-
bers of the Committee wrote a letter to HHS and CMS regarding
the technical difficulties for consumers enrolling on
HealthCare.gov.
13. May 1, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, Chairman
Scott, and Chairwoman Maloney sent a letter to HHS concerning
regulatory changes affecting nondiscrimination protections under
the ACA.
14. July 8, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, Chairman
Scott, and Chairwoman Maloney sent a letter to HHS concerning
regulatory changes affecting nondiscrimination protections under
the ACA.
15. September 16, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone,
Chairman Scott, Ranking Member Wyden, and Ranking Member
Murray sent a letter to HHS, CMS, Treasury, and IRS concerning
Georgia’s waiver request under Section 1332 of the ACA.
i) Foster Care Nondiscrimination Requirements
During the 116th Congress, the Committee became aware of a
waiver that was granted to South Carolina by HHS. The waiver al-
lowed an exemption from HHS regulations that prohibit discrimi-
nation in the state’s child welfare system. In response, Oversight
Subcommittee Chairman John Lewis and Worker and Family Sup-
port Subcommittee Chairman Danny K. Davis, requested an inves-
tigation into the Administration’s decision to grant this waiver. The
investigation included: a bipartisan request for an independent
analysis from the GAO; requests for information from HHS, state
officials in South Carolina and Texas, Miracle Hill Ministries (Mir-
acle Hill), and leading child welfare and nondiscrimination experts;
and a review of relevant documents and communications.
On August 19, 2020, the Committee released a Majority staff re-
port with its findings and recommendations. The staff report found
many issues of concern, including: HHS granted a waiver to South
Carolina that was improper and unprecedented, the waiver violates
the statutory mandate to act in the best interest of the child, the
waiver disproportionately harms LGBTQ foster youth, and the
waiver set a precedent for discrimination and harm to individuals
outside of South Carolina. The staff report recommended the fol-
lowing: (i) HHS should immediately withdraw the South Carolina
waiver to ensure the safety and protection of children; (ii) HHS
should consult with internal and external child welfare experts and
publish their comments before making major policy changes not
mandated by Congress; (iii) HHS must provide Congress with re-
quested materials for the purpose of its ongoing review of the waiv-
er process and oversight of agency actions; and (iv) HHS should en-
sure that publicly funded grants do not fund discrimination against
individuals based on organizational beliefs.
In connection with this investigation, relevant oversight activi-
ties include:
1. March 21, 2019: Chairman Lewis and Chairman Davis sent a
letter to HHS senior officials in the Office of Civil Rights and the
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certain documents produced by HHS to the Committee as an Ap-
pendix.
2. April 15, 2019: Chairman Lewis and Chairman Davis wrote a
letter to GAO regarding waivers from nondiscrimination require-
ments in the child welfare system. The Ranking Members of the
Oversight and Worker and Family Support Subcommittees subse-
quently joined this request in a letter dated May 30, 2019. The
staff report included GAO’s response, publicly released on Novem-
ber 25, 2019, entitled ‘‘Various HHS Offices Provided Input on De-
cision to Grant Exception from Religious Nondiscrimination Re-
quirement’’ as an Appendix.
3. May 1, 2019: Chairman Lewis and Chairman Davis sent let-
ters to South Carolina and Texas state officials, as well as to Mir-
acle Hill, concerning nondiscrimination requirements in the child
welfare system.
4. July 11, 2019: Chairman Lewis and Chairman Davis sent let-
ters to the following child welfare and nondiscrimination experts—
The American Academy of Pediatrics, The American Civil Liberties
Union, Americans United for Separation of Church and State, The
Children’s Defense Fund, The Center for the Study of Social Policy,
The Child Welfare League of America, FosterClub, Family Equal-
ity, The Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism, South Caro-
lina Equality Inc., Voice for Adoption, and the Williams Institute.
The staff report included the responses received from these experts
as an Appendix.
j) General Health
In addition to the hearings described above, the Committee con-
ducted oversight with respect to health care matters under its ju-
risdiction over the course of the 116th Congress. Relevant oversight
activities include:
1. January 9, 2019: Chairman Neal and Ranking Member Brady
wrote a letter to CMS encouraging opportunities for public input
throughout model development.
2. January 22, 2019: Chairman Neal wrote a letter to CMS re-
garding the use of anti-psychotics in nursing homes.
3. May 22, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Lewis, and Chair-
man Larson wrote a letter to the Social Security Administration
(SSA) and CMS regarding Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part
D members not having premiums withheld for several months.
4. May 22, 2019: Chairman Neal wrote a letter to the Office of
Inspector General of the Department of Housing and Urban Devel-
opment (HUD) requesting an investigation of related party trans-
actions among all Section 232 nursing homes.
5. May 22, 2019: Chairman Neal wrote a letter to HUD regarding
the Office of Residential Care Facilities exempting Section 232
nursing homes from Real Estate Assessment Center inspections.
6. May 24, 2019: Chairman Neal wrote a letter to HHS regarding
the pending electronic transaction standards for health care attach-
ments.
7. May 24, 2019: Chairman Neal wrote a letter to HHS on the
Administration’s notification of enforcement regarding HIPAA Civil
Money penalties.
8. December 10, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, Rank-
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CMS regarding the Medicare Plan Finder generating incorrect re-
sults.
9. September 30, 2020: Subcommittee Chairman Pascrell and
Chairman Doggett sent a letter to HHS on the potential plan to
send Medicare beneficiaries prescription drug coupon cards.
10. October 13, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, and
Ranking Member Wyden wrote a letter to HHS and GAO regarding
the President’s consideration of drug discount cards.
11. October 20, 2020: Chairman Neal, Chairman Pallone, and
Ranking Member Wyden sent a letter to HHS following up on their
October 13, 2020 letter.
k) Other Matters Under the Committee’s Jurisdiction
The Committee has broad jurisdiction over many policy areas
and programs that touch millions of Americans. With respect to
oversight of these areas, relevant activities include:
1. January 10, 2019: Chairman Neal sent a letter to Treasury re-
garding companies that were previously majority owned by Russian
oligarch Oleg Deripaska.
2. June 28, 2019: Chairman Neal, Chairman Lewis, and Chair-
man Larson wrote a letter to SSA regarding the decision to resume
mailing no match letters.
3. November 21, 2019: Chairman Lewis, Chairman Larson,
Chairman Davis, and Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor,
Health, Human Services, and Education Chairwoman DeLauro
wrote a letter to SSA regarding information associated with
telework options.
4. December 9, 2019: Committee Democrats sent a letter to HHS
regarding the enforcement of nondiscrimination laws.
5. April 10, 2020: House Committee leaders, including Chairman
Neal, sent a letter to the DOJ Inspector General about the inde-
pendence of inspectors general.
6. May 1, 2020: Chairman Neal and Committee Democrats sent
a letter to Treasury and HHS regarding COVID–19 dollars being
distributed to federally recognized tribal governments.
7. June 24, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to the Office of the
United States Trade Representative (USTR) regarding potential
misconduct by agency officials.
8. July 1, 2020: Chairman Neal and Representative Murphy sent
a letter to DOL regarding Floridians seeking unemployment bene-
fits during the COVID–19 pandemic.
9. July 15, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to USTR following
up on the June 24, 2020 inquiry regarding potential misconduct by
agency officials.
10. July 15, 2020: Chairman Neal sent letters to TIGTA and the
IRS regarding a potential violation of Section 7217 of the Code by
the President.
11. October 13, 2020: Chairman Neal and Chairman Pallone sent
a letter to Treasury regarding the withholding of certain reim-
bursements to the New York Fire Department World Trade Center
Health Program. On October 22, 2020, Treasury informed Chair-
man Neal and Chairman Pallone that such payments would no
longer be subject to offset for unrelated federal debts owed by New
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12. October 28, 2020: Subcommittee Chairman Pascrell and other
House Committee leaders sent a letter to the DOJ Inspector Gen-
eral and the Acting Inspector General of the Intelligence Commu-
nity regarding decisions associated with the President’s finances.
13. November 10, 2020: Chairman Neal and other House Com-
mittee leaders sent a letter to numerous federal agencies regarding
record retention pertaining to the outgoing Administration.
14. November 23, 2020: Chairman Neal sent a letter to the Gen-
eral Services Administration urging the Administrator to imme-
diately ascertain the results of the 2020 Presidential Election and
allow the transition process to proceed.
15. November 25, 2020: Chairman Neal and other House Com-
mittee leaders sent a letter to 61 federal agencies requesting infor-
mation on conversions of political appointees to civil service posi-
tions.
16. November 30, 2020: Chairman Pascrell, Chairman Doggett,
and Chairman Davis sent a letter to HHS opposing a proposed rule
that would improperly sunset certain regulations.
2. SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE
Actions Taken
FULL COMMITTEE HEARINGS
On February 27, 2019, the Committee held a hearing on ‘‘U.S.-
China Trade,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the sole witness at
the hearing.
On June 19, 2019, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2019
Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with China, Japan, the EU, and
UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Participation in the WTO; and
other matters,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the sole witness at
the hearing.
On February 26, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on ‘‘U.S.-
China Trade and Competition.’’ Witnesses included Tim Stratford,
Managing Partner in Covington & Burling LLP’s Beijing office and
the former Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for China Affairs
from 2005–10; Thea Lee, the President of the Economic Policy In-
stitute and a commissioner on the U.S.-China Economic and Secu-
rity Review Commission; L. Rafael Reif, the President of the Mas-
sachusetts Institute of Technology; Owen Herrnstadt, the Chief of
Staff to the International President of the International Association
of Machinists and Aerospace Workers; Tim Dufault of Dufault
Farms in Crookston, MN; and Richard Guebert, Jr., the President
of the Illinois Farm Bureau.
On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
sole witness.
SUBCOMMITEE HEARINGS
On March 27, 2019, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing
on ‘‘Trade and Labor: Creating and Enforcing Rules to Benefit
American Workers,’’ in which Members and witnesses discussed
the labor provisions in the renegotiated NAFTA, among other
issues. Witnesses included Celeste Drake, Trade and Globalization
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lation, Politics and International Affairs at the Communication
Workers of America (CWA); Josh Nassar, Legislative Director at
the United Auto Workers (UAW); Holly Hart, Assistant to the
International President at the United Steelworkers (USW); Steve
Catanese, President of the Local 668 Chapter of the Service Em-
ployees International Union (SEIU) in Pennsylvania; Thea Lee,
President at the Economic Policy Institute (EPI); and Susan
Monteverde, Vice President for Government Relations at the Amer-
ican Association of Port Authorities (AAPA).
On May 22, 2019, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing on
‘‘Enforcement in the New NAFTA’’ to hear from witnesses on the
enforcement provisions in the renegotiated NAFTA. Witnesses in-
cluded Beth Baltzan, Principal at American Phoenix Trade Advi-
sory Services PLLC; Owen Herrnstadt, Chief of Staff to the Inter-
national President of the International Association of Machinists
and Aerospace Workers; Sandra Polaski, an independent expert
and the former Deputy Director-General for Policy at the Inter-
national Labor Organization; Alexander von Bismarck, Executive
Director at the Environmental Investigation Agency U.S.; and
Devry Boughner Vorwerk, Corporate Vice President for Global Cor-
porate Affairs at Cargill, Inc.
On June 25, 2019, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing on
‘‘Mexico’s Labor Reform: Opportunities and Challenges for an Im-
proved NAFTA’’ on the progress of Mexico’s labor reform implemen-
tation undertaken to comply with the provisions in the renegoti-
ated NAFTA. Witnesses included Joyce Sadka, the interim head of
the Law Department and a Professor and Research in the Depart-
ment of Law and Center for Economic Research at the Instituto
Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Gladys Cisneros, the Program Di-
rector for Mexico at the Solidarity Center; Harley Shaiken, Pro-
fessor and Director of the Center for Latin American Studies at
University of California Berkeley; and Cathy Feingold, the Director
of the International Department at the AFL–CIO.
On November 20, 2019, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hear-
ing on ‘‘U.S.-Japan Trade Agreements.’’ Witnesses included Darci
Vetter, the Global Lead for Public Affairs and the Vice Chair of Ag-
riculture & Food for Edelman U.S. Public Affairs; Matthew Good-
man, Senior Vice President, Simon Chair in Political Economy, and
Senior Adviser for Asian Economics at the Center for Strategic and
International Studies; Josh Nassar, the Legislative Director for the
United Auto Workers; and Russel Boening, the owner of Loma
Vista Farms and Boening Bros. Dairy Inc. and the President of the
Texas Farm Bureau.
On February 6, 2020, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing
on ‘‘Trade Infrastructure for Global Competitiveness.’’ Witnesses
included Roxanne Brown, International Vice President at Large at
the United Steelworkers; Greg Regan, Secretary-Treasurer of the
Transportation Trades Department at the AFL–CIO; Greg Richard-
son, Chief Financial Officer for the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta
International Airport; Curtis Robinhold, Executive Director of the
Port of Portland; Chris Spear, President and CEO of the American
Trucking Association; and Ric Campo, Chairman of the Port Com-
mission for the Port of Houston Authority.
On July 23, 2020, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing on
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COVID–19.’’ Witnesses included Dr. Erica Fuchs, Professor of Engi-
neering and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University; Dr.
Prashant Yadav, Senior Fellow at the Center for Global Develop-
ment; Roxanne Brown, International Vice President at Large at the
United Steelworkers; Kim Glas, President and CEO for the Na-
tional Council of Textile Organizations; and Dr. Thomas
Duesterberg, Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute.
On September 10, 2020, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hear-
ing on ‘‘Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act: Considerations for
Renewal’’ to consider reauthorization of the program in advance of
its expiration on September 30, 2020. Witnesses included the Hon-
orable Hervé H. Denis, Ambassador of the Republic of Haiti to the
United States; Georges Sassine, a board member and former presi-
dent of the Associations des Industries d’Haı̈ti; Lauren Stewart, the
Regional Program Director for the Americas at the Solidarity Cen-
ter; Beth Baltzan, Principal at American Phoenix Trade Advisory
Services PLLC, and Jerry Cook, Vice President of Government and
Trade Relations at Hanesbrands, Inc.
On September 17, 2020, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hear-
ing on ‘‘Enforcing the Ban on Imports Produced by Forced Labor
in Xinjiang’’ to hear from experts and stakeholders on the condi-
tions of the Uyghur population in Xinjiang. Witnesses included
Rushan Abbas, Executive Director of the Campaign for Uyghurs;
Scott Nova, Executive Director of the Worker Rights Consortium;
Amy Lehr, Director and Senior Fellow at the Human Rights Initia-
tive at the Center for Strategic and International Studies; Cathy
Feingold, Director of the International Department at the AFL–
CIO; and Stephen Lamar, the President and CEO of the American
Apparel & Footwear Association.
THE UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA AGREEMENT (USMCA)
i. Legislation
On December 13, 2019, House Majority Leader Hoyer and Minor-
ity Leader McCarthy introduced, by request, H.R. 5430, the United
States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act. The Com-
mittee on Ways and Means considered the bill on December 17,
2019 and favorably reported the bill (H. Rept. 116–358) by voice
vote. On December 19, 2019, the House passed H.R. 5430 with a
record vote of 385–41 (Roll no. 701). On January 16, 2020, the Sen-
ate passed the bill with a record vote of 89–10 (Record Vote Num-
ber: 14). H.R. 5430 became law on January 29, 2020 (P.L. 116–
113).
ii. Hearings and other meetings
On March 27, 2019, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing
on ‘‘Trade and Labor: Creating and Enforcing Rules to Benefit
American Workers,’’ in which members and witnesses discussed the
labor provisions in the renegotiated NAFTA, among other issues.
Witnesses included Celeste Drake, Trade and Globalization Policy
Specialist at the AFL–CIO; Shane Larson, Director of Legislation,
Politics and International Affairs at the Communication Workers of
America (CWA); Josh Nassar, Legislative Director at the United
Auto Workers (UAW); Holly Hart, Assistant to the International
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President of the Local 668 Chapter of the Service Employees Inter-
national Union (SEIU) in Pennsylvania; Thea Lee, President at the
Economic Policy Institute (EPI); and Susan Monteverde, Vice Presi-
dent for Government Relations at the American Association of Port
Authorities (AAPA).
On May 22, 2019, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing on
‘‘Enforcement in the New NAFTA’’ to hear from witnesses on the
enforcement provisions in the renegotiated NAFTA. Witnesses in-
cluded Beth Baltzan, Principal at American Phoenix Trade Advi-
sory Services PLLC; Owen Herrnstadt, Chief of Staff to the Inter-
national President of the International Association of Machinists
and Aerospace Workers; Sandra Polaski, an independent expert
and the former Deputy Director-General for Policy at the Inter-
national Labor Organization; Alexander von Bismarck, Executive
Director at the Environmental Investigation Agency U.S.; and
Devry Boughner Vorwerk, Corporate Vice President for Global Cor-
porate Affairs at Cargill, Inc.
From June 5–7, 2019, Ways and Means Committee staff led a bi-
partisan, bicameral staff delegation to Mexico City to meet with
government and civil society officials regarding the new NAFTA.
On June 19, 2019, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2019
Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with China, Japan, the EU, and
UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Participation in the WTO; and
other matters,’’ at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the re-
negotiated NAFTA and other trade issues.
On June 25, 2019, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing on
‘‘Mexico’s Labor Reform: Opportunities and Challenges for an Im-
proved NAFTA’’ on the progress of Mexico’s labor reform implemen-
tation undertaken to comply with the provisions in the renegoti-
ated NAFTA. Witnesses included Joyce Sadka, the interim head of
the Law Department and a Professor and Research in the Depart-
ment of Law and Center for Economic Research at the Instituto
Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Gladys Cisneros, the Program Di-
rector for Mexico at the Solidarity Center; Harley Shaiken, Pro-
fessor and Director of the Center for Latin American Studies at
University of California Berkeley; and Cathy Feingold, the Director
of the International Department at the AFL–CIO.
From July 18–22, 2019, Trade Subcommittee Chairman Blu-
menauer led a bipartisan congressional delegation to Mexico to
meet with government officials, including President Andres Manuel
Lopez Obrador, in Mexico City and to conduct site visits and meet
with civil society officials in San Luis Potosi and Tijuana.
On August 14–15, 2019, Ranking Member Brady led a congres-
sional delegation to Mexico City to meet with Mexican officials to
discuss commitments from Mexico needed to ensure success of the
USMCA.
On October 7–8, 2019, Chairman Neal led a congressional dele-
gation to Mexico City to meet with President Andres Manuel Lopez
Obrador to discuss commitments from Mexico needed to ensure the
success of the renegotiated NAFTA.
On November 5–6, 2019, Chairman Neal led a congressional del-
egation to Ottawa to meet with Prime Minister Trudeau and Min-
ister Freeland, among others, on commitments from Canada need-
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On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on USMCA
implementation, among other issues.
iii. Reports
On January 2, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee pursu-
ant to section 402(c)(4)(A) of the NAFTA Implementation Act, (1)
a preliminary list of individuals eligible to serve on binational pan-
els under Annex 1901.2 of the NAFTA and (2) a preliminary list
of current and former federal judges eligible to serve on Extraor-
dinary Challenge Committees (‘‘ECCs’’) under NAFTA Annex
1904.13 and Special Committees under NAFTA Article 1905.
On January 29, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee a de-
scription of the changes to existing U.S. law that will result from
the USMCA, as required by the Bipartisan Congressional Trade
Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015 (TPA).
On March 29, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee pursu-
ant to section 402(c)(4)(A) of the NAFTA Implementation Act, (1)
a final list of individuals eligible to serve on binational panels
under Annex 1901.2 of the NAFTA and (2) a final list of current
and former federal judges eligible to serve on Extraordinary Chal-
lenge Committees (‘‘ECCs’’) under NAFTA Annex 1904.13 and Spe-
cial Committees under NAFTA Article 1905.
On April 18, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee its report concerning the likely im-
pact of USMCA, as required by TPA.
On May 30, 2019, USTR transmitted to Congress a draft State-
ment of Administrative Action to implement the USMCA.
On March 31, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee pursu-
ant to section 402(c)(4)(A) of the NAFTA Implementation Act, (1)
a final list of individuals eligible to serve on binational panels
under Annex 1901.2 of the NAFTA and (2) a final list of current
and former federal judges eligible to serve on Extraordinary Chal-
lenge Committees (‘‘ECCs’’) under NAFTA Annex 1904.13 and Spe-
cial Committees under NAFTA Article 1905.
On April 24, 2020, USTR notified Congress of the determination
that Canada and Mexico have taken measures necessary to comply
with those provisions that are to take effect on the date of entry
into force of the USMCA, as required by TPA.
On May 7, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the
USMCA Environment Assessment Report.
On July 27, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the report
on amendments to existing law required by section 508 of the
USMCA Implementation Act.
On July 27, 2020, USTR and the Department of Labor, as co-
chairs of the Interagency Labor Committee on Monitoring and En-
forcement and pursuant to section 718 of the USMCA Implementa-
tion Act, transmitted to the Committee on Ways and Means the
Committee’s first report.
In August 2020, pursuant to the USMCA implementing legisla-
tion, the Forced Labor Enforcement Task Force was required to
send the Committee a report on the timelines established for re-
sponding to petitions submitted to the Commissioner of U.S. Cus-
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by or with child or forced labor. The Committee never received the
report.
On December 15, 2020, pursuant to section 731 of the USMCA
implementing legislation, the Independent Mexico Labor Expert
Board (IMLEB) released its first interim report regarding moni-
toring and evaluation of Mexico’s labor reform and its compliance
with USCMA labor obligations.
CHINA
i. Legislation
On March 11, 2020, Chairman of the House Committee on Rules
and co-chair of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China,
James McGovern, and eleven cosponsors introduced H.R. 6210, the
Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act. The bill was referred to the
House Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committees on Ways
and Means, Judiciary, and Financial Services. On September 22,
2020, the House agreed to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 6210
as amended by a record vote of 406–3 (Roll no. 196). No subsequent
action was taken by the Senate.
ii. Hearings and other meetings
On January 17, 2019, Chairman Neal hosted Ambassador
Lighthizer for a roundtable discussion with the Committee to dis-
cuss China trade issues.
On February 27, 2019, the Committee held a hearing on ‘‘U.S.-
China Trade,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the sole witness at
the hearing.
On June 19, 2019, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2019
Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with China, Japan, the EU, and
UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Participation in the WTO; and
other matters,’’ at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the
section 301 actions and negotiations with China, among other trade
issues.
On February 26, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on ‘‘U.S.-
China Trade and Competition.’’ Witnesses included in Tim Strat-
ford, Managing Partner in Covington & Burling LLP’s Beijing office
and the former Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for China Af-
fairs from 2005–10; Thea Lee, the President of the Economic Policy
Institute and a commissioner on the U.S.-China Economic and Se-
curity Review Commission; L. Rafael Reif, the President of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Owen Herrnstadt, the Chief
of Staff to the International President of the International Associa-
tion of Machinists and Aerospace Workers; Tim Dufault of Dufault
Farms in Crookston, MN; and Richard Guebert, Jr., the President
of the Illinois Farm Bureau.
On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the
‘‘Phase One Agreement’’ with China, among other issues.
On September 17, 2020, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hear-
ing on ‘‘Enforcing the Ban on Imports Produced by Forced Labor
in Xinjiang.’’ Witnesses included Rushan Abbas, the Executive Di-
rector of the Campaign for Uyghurs; Scott Nova, the Executive Di-
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rector of the Worker Rights Consortium; Amy Lehr, Director and
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Senior Fellow at the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for
Strategic and International Studies; Cathy Feingold, the Director
of the International Department at the AFL–CIO; and Stephen
Lamar, President and CEO of the American Apparel & Footwear
Association.
iii. Reports
On February 1, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee a re-
port on China’s WTO Compliance pursuant to section 421 of the
U.S.-China Relations Act of 2000 (P.L. 106–286), 22 U.S.C. § 6951.
On June 28, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee a report regarding the textile and
apparel imports from China in 2018, pursuant to a request that
then-Chairman Rangel sent to the Commission in 2008 and Inves-
tigation No. 332–501.
On October 24, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee a Federal Register Notice that de-
tailed the changes to how China textiles data will be transmitted
to the Committee in response to Chairman Neal’s letter requesting
the proposed change.
On March 6, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee a report
on China’s WTO Compliance pursuant to section 421 of the U.S.-
China Relations Act of 2000 (P.L. 106–286), 22 U.S.C. § 6951.
USTR notified the Committee by transmitting Federal Register
Notices regarding the granting of certain requests for product ex-
clusions or extensions of exclusions from the additional duties im-
posed in the Section 301 investigation of China’s Acts, Policies, and
Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property,
and Innovation throughout the 116th Congress.
TRADE ENFORCEMENT PRIORITIES
On February 19, 2019, in accordance with 31 U.S.C. 720, the De-
partment of Commerce transmitted to the Committee its actions
taken in response to a GAO report titled ‘‘Foreign-Trade Zones:
Board Should Document Consideration of All Required Criteria
When Evaluating Applications’’ (GAO–19–91, November 2018).
On March 1, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee the 2019
Trade Policy Agenda and the 2018 Annual Report of the President
of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program as pre-
pared by the Administration. consistent with Section 163 of the
Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2213).
On March 14, 2019, the Department of Commerce and USTR
transmitted to the Committee the Administration’s Annual Report
on Subsidies Enforcement, pursuant to 281(f)(4) of the Uruguay
Round Agreements Act.
On March 27, 2019, the Department of Homeland Security and
United States Postal Service transmitted to the Committee the
Joint Strategic Plan on Mandatory Advance Information pursuant
to the provisions set forth in the STOP Act of 2018 (P.L. 115–271).
On March 29, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee the
2019 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers,
pursuant to section 1304 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitive-
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ness Act of 1988, as amended.
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On April 25, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee the 2019
Special 301 Report and 2018 out-of-cycle review of the Notorious
Markets List, pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974, as amended.
In May 2019, the Department of Treasury transmitted to the
Committee its report reviews developments in international eco-
nomic and exchange rate policies and is submitted pursuant to the
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, 22 U.S.C. § 5305,
and Section 701 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement
Act of 2015, 19 U.S.C. § 4421.
On June 19, 2019, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2019
Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with China, Japan, the EU, and
UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Participation in the WTO; and
other matters,’’ at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the
Administration’s trade enforcement priorities, among other issues.
In July 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee its 2019 Trade
Enforcement Priorities Report in accordance with section 601 of the
Trade Facilitation and Enforcement Act of 2015 (section 310 of the
Trade Act of 1974).
In September 2019, the Department of Labor submitted to Con-
gress a report titled ‘‘2019 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child
Labor’’ in accordance with section 412 of the Trade and Develop-
ment Act of 2000.
In January 2020, the Department of Treasury transmitted to the
Committee its report reviews developments in international eco-
nomic and exchange rate policies and is submitted pursuant to the
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, 22 U.S.C. § 5305,
and Section 701 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement
Act of 2015, 19 U.S.C. § 4421.
On February 25, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee a no-
tification that the action being taken under Section 301(a) of the
Trade Act of 1974, as amended, in the investigation of Enforcement
of U.S. WTO Rights in Large Civil Aircraft Dispute has been modi-
fied, and enclosed the Federal Register notice published on Feb-
ruary 21, 2020 that contains the modifications and the reasons
therefor.
On February 28, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the
2020 Trade Policy Agenda and the 2019 Annual Report of the
President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program
as prepared by the Administration. consistent with Section 163 of
the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2213). It included,
pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 3535(a), a report due every five years that
provides an overview of the implementation and enforcement of the
WTO Agreement, discusses the accession of new Members to the
WTO, analyzes the effects of the WTO Agreement and continued
U.S. participation in the WTO on the U.S. national interest, and
highlights areas for reform.
On March 31, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the
2020 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers,
pursuant to section 1304 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitive-
ness Act of 1988.
On April 29, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the 2020
Special 301 Report and 2019 Review of Notorious Markets for
Counterfeiting and Piracy, pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974, as
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amended.
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On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the Ad-
ministration’s trade enforcement priorities, among other issues.
On July 31, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee its 2020
Trade Enforcement Priorities Report in accordance with Section
601 of the Trade Facilitation and Enforcement Act of 2015.
In September 2020, the Department of Labor submitted to Con-
gress a report titled ‘‘2020 List of Goods Produced by Child or
Forced Labor’’ in accordance with section 7112 of the Trafficking
Victims Protection Reauthorization Act.
On October 27, 2020, the Government Accountability Office
transmitted to the Committee its report ‘‘DHS Increased Resources
and Enforcement Efforts, but Needs to Improve Workforce Plan-
ning and Monitoring’’, which was requested by multiple Committee
Members on October 10, 2018.
In December 2020, the Department of Treasury transmitted to
the Committee its report reviews developments in international
economic and exchange rate policies and is submitted pursuant to
the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, 22 U.S.C.
§ 5305, and Section 701 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade En-
forcement Act of 2015, 19 U.S.C. § 4421.
TRADE REMEDIES
On February 21, 2019, U.S. Customs and Border Protection
transmitted to the Committee its twentieth update on the Importa-
tion of Softwood Lumber Report pursuant to the language set forth
in section 3301 of the Title III, Trade, Subtitle D, of the Food, Con-
servation, and Energy Act of 2008 (Pub. L. No. 110–246).
On March 14, 2019, the Department of Commerce and USTR
transmitted to Congress the Administration’s Annual Report on
Subsidies Enforcement.
On December 30, 2019, the Department of Commerce trans-
mitted to the Committee the Administration’s Semiannual
Softwood Lumber Subsidies Report, pursuant to Section 809(b) of
Title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended.
On March 3, 2020, the Department of Commerce and USTR
transmitted to Congress the Administration’s Annual Report on
Subsidies Enforcement.
On May 6, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the Report
on Proposals Advanced in Negotiations on a trade agreement be-
tween the United States and the United Kingdom That May Re-
quire Amendments to U.S. Trade Remedy Laws as required by sec-
tion 105(b)(3)(A) of TPA.
On June 18, 2020, the Department of Commerce transmitted to
the Committee the Administration’s Semiannual Softwood Lumber
Subsidies Report, pursuant to Section 809(b) of Title VII of the Tar-
iff Act of 1930, as amended.
OTHER TARIFF ACTIONS TAKEN UNDER SECTIONS 232 AND 301
On June 19, 2019, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2019
Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with China, Japan, the EU, and
UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Participation in the WTO; and
other matters,’’ at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the
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section 232 and 301 tariffs, among other issues.
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On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the sec-
tion 232 and 301 tariffs, among other issues.
U.S.-JAPAN TRADE AGREEMENTS
On June 19, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means held a
hearing on the ‘‘2019 Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with
China, Japan, the EU, and UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Partici-
pation in the WTO; and other matters,’’ at which Ambassador
Lighthizer testified on the U.S.-Japan negotiations, among other
issues.
On November 20, 2019, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hear-
ing on ‘‘U.S.-Japan Trade Agreements.’’ Witnesses included Darci
Vetter, the Global Lead for Public Affairs and the Vice Chair of Ag-
riculture & Food for Edelman U.S. Public Affairs; Matthew Good-
man, Senior Vice President, Simon Chair in Political Economy, and
Senior Adviser for Asian Economics at the Center for Strategic and
International Studies; Josh Nassar, the Legislative Director for the
United Auto Workers; and Russel Boening, the owner of Loma
Vista Farms and Boening Bros. Dairy Inc. and the President of the
Texas Farm Bureau.
On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the U.S.-
Japan trade agreements, among other issues.
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE UNITED KINGDOM
On February 28, 2019, USTR published its summary of specific
negotiating objectives with the United Kingdom, as required by
TPA.
On June 19, 2019, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2019
Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with China, Japan, the EU, and
UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Participation in the WTO; and
other matters,’’ at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the
trade negotiations with the UK, among other issues.
On September 29, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commis-
sion transmitted to the Committee its report on U.S. SME Exports:
Trade-related Barriers Affecting Exports of U.S. Small and Me-
dium-sized Enterprises to the United Kingdom following receipt of
a request from the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) on August
3, 2018, under section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930.
On May 6, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the Report
on Proposals Advanced in Negotiations on a trade agreement be-
tween the United States and the United Kingdom That May Re-
quire Amendments to U.S. Trade Remedy Laws as required by sec-
tion 105(b)(3)(A) of the Congressional Bipartisan Trade Priorities
and Accountability Act of 2015 (TPA).
On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the trade
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negotiations with the UK, among other issues.
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TRADE NEGOTIATIONS WITH KENYA
On June 19, 2019, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2019
Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with China, Japan, the EU, and
UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Participation in the WTO; and
other matters,’’ at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the
trade negotiations with Kenya, among other issues.
On March 11, 2020, Chairman Neal hosted Ambassador
Lighthizer for a meeting the Ways and Means Committee to dis-
cuss potential trade negotiations with Kenya, among other issues.
On March 11, 2020, Chairman Neal convened a meeting of the
House Advisory Group on Negotiations (HAGON) to discuss poten-
tial trade negotiations with Kenya, as required by TPA, among
other issues.
On May 22, 2020, USTR published its summary of specific nego-
tiating objectives with Kenya, as required by TPA.
On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the trade
negotiations with Kenya, among other issues.
On December 23, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the
Report on Proposals Advanced in Negotiations on a Trade Agree-
ment Between the United States and Kenya That May Require
Amendments to U.S. Trade Remedy Laws required by section
105(b)(3)(A) of TPA.
PREFERENCE PROGRAMS
i. Legislation
On February 6, 2019, Rep. Sewell and Rep. Wenstrup and four
other cosponsors introduced H.R. 991, the Extension of the Carib-
bean Basin Economic Recovery Act. On September 22, 2020, the
House agreed by voice vote to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 991.
On September 30, 2020, the Senate passed H.R. 991 without
amendment by unanimous consent. On October 10, 2020, H.R. 991
became law (P.L. 116–164).
On December 7, 2020, Trade Subcommittee Chairman Blu-
menauer introduced H.R. 8884, a bill to modify and extend the
Generalized System of Preferences.
The Generalized System of Preferences expired on December 31,
2020.
ii. Hearings and other meetings
On June 19, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means held a
hearing on the ‘‘2019 Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with
China, Japan, the EU, and UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Partici-
pation in the WTO; and other matters,’’ at which Ambassador
Lighthizer testified on the implementation and reauthorization of
the various preference programs, among other issues.
From August 3–7, 2019, Representative Evans led a delegation
of members and staff to the African Growth and Opportunity Act
(AGOA) Forum in Cote d’Ivoire.
On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
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sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the im-
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plementation and reauthorization of the various preference pro-
grams, among other issues.
On September 10, 2020, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hear-
ing on the ‘‘Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act: Considerations
for Renewal’’ to consider reauthorization of the program in advance
of its expiration on September 30, 2020. Witnesses included the
Honorable Hervé H. Denis, Ambassador of the Republic of Haiti to
the United States; Georges Sassine, a board member and former
president of the Associations des Industries d’Haı̈ti; Lauren Stew-
art, the Regional Program Director for the Americas at the Soli-
darity Center; Beth Baltzan, Principal at American Phoenix Trade
Advisory Services PLLC, and Jerry Cook, Vice President of Govern-
ment and Trade Relations at Hanesbrands, Inc.
iii. Reports
On February 22, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee its
annual report on the Nepal Trade Preferences Program to Chair-
man Neal, pursuant to the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforce-
ment Act of 2015 (TFTEA).
On June 29, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the 2020
Biennial Report on the Implementation of the African Growth and
Opportunity Act.
On September 29, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commis-
sion transmitted to the Committee the Caribbean Basin Economic
Recovery Act: Impact on U.S. Industries and Consumers and on
Beneficiary Countries, as required by section 215 of the Caribbean
Basin Economic Recovery Act, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2704).
On September 24, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commis-
sion transmitted to the Committee its report Generalized System of
Preferences: Possible Modifications, 2018 Review, pursuant to a re-
quest from USTR on June 4, 2019.
On December 31, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee the
13th annual report on the Operation of the Caribbean Basin Eco-
nomic Recovery Act.
On February 25, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the
2020 report to Congress on the trade preferences for Nepal, pursu-
ant to Section 915(e) of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforce-
ment Act of 2015.
On September 28, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commis-
sion transmitted to the Committee its report Generalized System of
Preferences: Possible Modifications, 2020 Review, pursuant to a re-
quest from USTR on May 4, 2020.
EUROPEAN UNION
On January 11, 2019, USTR published its summary of specific
negotiating objectives with the EU, as required by TPA.
On June 19, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means held a
hearing on the ‘‘2019 Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with
China, Japan, the EU, and UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Partici-
pation in the WTO; and other matters,’’ at which Ambassador
Lighthizer testified on the trade negotiations with the EU, among
other issues.
On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
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Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
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sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the trade
negotiations with the EU, among other issues.
On August 21, 2020, USTR notified Congress of the Administra-
tion’s intent to enter into a trade agreement regarding tariff bar-
riers with the European Union under section 103(a) of TPA. Com-
mittee staff did not receive text prior to the notification.
TRADE ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE
On October 7, 2019, the Department of Commerce transmitted to
the Committee an annual report on the activities of the Trade Ad-
justment Assistance for Firms program for Fiscal Year 2018, pur-
suant to Section 255A of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19
U.S.C. 2341 et seq.).
On February 10, 2020, the Department of Labor transmitted to
the Committee a letter regarding staff-level meetings between the
Department of Labor and Ways & Committee staff on the Notice
of Proposed Rulemaking for the Trade Adjustment Assistance for
Workers program satisfy the consultation requirements under sec-
tions 223 and 248 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended.
On June 9, 2020, the Department of Labor transmitted to the
Committee its FY2019 report that, among other things, summa-
rizes data collected by the Department on the TAA Program. pur-
suant to Section 249B(d) of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19
U.S.C. 2323(d)).
GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS AND COVID–19
On April 6, 2020, Chairman Neal and Senate Finance Committee
Chairman Grassley requested the U.S. International Trade Com-
mission initiate an investigation under section 332(g) of the Tariff
Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1332(g)) to provide trade data on COVID–
19 related products.
On May 4, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commission re-
leased its report produced in response to the request of Chairman
Neal and Senate Finance Chairman Grassley under section 332(g)
of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1332(g)) to provide trade data
on COVID–19 related products.
On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on global
supply chain issues in light of COVID–19, among other issues.
On July 23, 2020, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing on
‘‘Trade, Manufacturing, and Critical Supply Chains: Lessons from
COVID–19.’’ Witnesses included Dr. Erica Fuchs, Professor of Engi-
neering and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University; Dr.
Prashant Yadav, Senior Fellow at the Center for Global Develop-
ment; Roxanne Brown, International Vice President at Large at the
United Steelworkers; Kim Glas, President and CEO for the Na-
tional Council of Textile Organizations; and Dr. Thomas
Duesterberg, Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute.
On August 13, 2020, Chairman Neal, Ranking Member Brady,
and Senate Finance Committee Chairman Grassley requested the
U.S. International Trade Commission initiate a follow-up investiga-
tion under section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C.
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1332(g)) to provide information on domestic production, industry
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sector, and trade data, as well as supply chain challenges for cer-
tain COVID–19 related products.
On December 22, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commission
released its report produced in response to the August 13, 2020 re-
quest of Chairman Neal, Ranking Member Brady, and Senate Fi-
nance Committee Chairman Grassley under section 332(g) of the
Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1332(g)) to provide information on do-
mestic production, industry sector, and trade data, as well as sup-
ply chain challenges for certain COVID–19 related products.
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)
On February 1, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee a re-
port on China’s WTO Compliance pursuant to section 421 of the
U.S.-China Relations Act of 2000 (P.L. 106–286), 22 U.S.C. § 6951.
On February 1, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee a re-
port on Russia’s WTO Compliance pursuant to section 201(a) of the
Russia and Moldova Jackson-Vanik Repeal and Sergei Magnitsky
Rule of Law Accountability Act of 2012 (P.L. 112–208).
On June 19, 2019, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2019
Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with China, Japan, the EU, and
UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Participation in the WTO; and
other matters,’’ at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the
WTO, among other issues.
On October 7–11, 2019, Representative Kind led a congressional
delegation of Ways and Means Committee members to Geneva for
the WTO Public Forum.
On December 6, 2019, Representatives Kind and Schweikert in-
troduced with six original cosponsors H. Res. 746, a resolution to
express the sense of the House of Representatives that the United
States should continue to lead reform efforts and urge member co-
operation at the World Trade Organization in order to address bar-
riers to trade, improve living standards across the world, and en-
hance accountability and dispute settlement mechanisms. On De-
cember 17, 2019, H. Res. 746, as amended, was approved by voice
vote by the full Committee. No further action was taken by the
House.
On February 11, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee its
report on the WTO Appellate Body.
On March 6, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee a report
on China’s WTO Compliance pursuant to section 421 of the U.S.-
China Relations Act of 2000 (P.L. 106–286), 22 U.S.C. § 6951.
On March 6, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee a report
on Russia’s WTO Compliance pursuant to section 201(a) of the Rus-
sia and Moldova Jackson-Vanik Repeal and Sergei Magnitsky Rule
of Law Accountability Act of 2012 (P.L. 112–208).
On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on the
WTO, among other issues.
AGRICULTURE
On June 19, 2019, the Committee on Ways and Means held a
hearing on the ‘‘2019 Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with
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China, Japan, the EU, and UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Partici-
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pation in the WTO; and other matters,’’ at which Ambassador
Lighthizer testified on agricultural trade issues, among others.
On June 17, 2020, the Committee held a hearing on the ‘‘2020
Trade Policy Agenda,’’ with Ambassador Lighthizer as the hearing’s
sole witness, at which Ambassador Lighthizer testified on agricul-
tural trade issues, among other issues.
MISCELLANEOUS TARIFF BILL (MTB)
On July 17, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commission sent
to the House Committee on Appropriation’s Subcommittee on Com-
merce, Justice and Related Agencies, with the Committee cc’ed, a
letter requesting a continuing resolution anomaly for FY2020,
should there be a year-long continuing resolution of FY2019 fund-
ing levels, to support the USITC’s continued implementation of the
American Manufacturing Competitiveness Act (AMCA).
On October 18, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee a report on the effects of temporary
duty suspensions and reductions on the U.S. economy pursuant to
section 4 of the American Manufacturing and Competitiveness Act
of 2016 (19 U.S.C. 1332 note).
On April 9, 2020, the Department of Commerce transmitted to
the Committee a report pursuant to the Commerce Department’s
mandate under section 3(c) of the American Manufacturing Com-
petitiveness Act of 2016 (Pub. L. No. 114–159).
On June 9, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee the Commission’s preliminary report
regarding petitions for temporary duty suspensions and reductions
pursuant to the American Manufacturing Competitiveness Act of
2016 (P.L. 114–519).
On August 10, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee the Commission’s final MTB report
for the 2020 cycle pursuant to the American Manufacturing Com-
petitiveness Act of 2016 (P.L. 114–519).
No further action was taken by the Committee on the report, and
the provisions that were included in the Miscellaneous Tariff Bill
Act of 2018 (P.L. 115–239) expired on December 31, 2020.
TRADE SANCTIONS
a. Iran and Syria
On January 7, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee the Department’s determinations, and its associated re-
port, regarding Secretary Pompeo’s decision to exercise limited
waivers of the sanctions pursuant to the Iran Freedom and
Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012 (IFCA).
On April 19, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report on the identification of and immigration re-
strictions on the Government of Iran Senior Officials and their
family members pursuant to Section 221 of the Iran Threat Reduc-
tion and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012.
On April 23, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report on investments in the energy sector in Iran
pursuant to section 110 of the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Ac-
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countability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (P.L. 111–195).
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On May 3, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report on waiver of certain sanctions to allow specific
nuclear non-proliferation activities involving Iran, in accordance
with the Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012.
On May 7, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report on persons responsible for or complicit in cer-
tain human rights abuses in Iran, pursuant to Executive Order
13553, implementing section 105, and section 7 of Executive Order
13846, implementing sections 105A and 105B, respectively, of the
Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act
of 2010, as amended by the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria
Human Rights Act of 2012.
On May 31, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report pursuant to Section 4 of the Protect and Pre-
serve International Cultural Property Act of 2016, and a deter-
mination pursuant to Section 3 of the Act that it would be against
the U.S. national interest to enter into a cultural property agree-
ment with the Government of Syria under the Convention on Cul-
tural Property Implementation Act.
On July 1, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a determination and memorandum of justification on
the exercise of limited waivers of the sanctions provided for in sec-
tions 1244(c)(1), 1246(a), and 1247(a) of the Iran Freedom and
Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012.
On July 31, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee documentation regarding the Secretary of State’s exer-
cise of waiver authorities with respect to certain sanctions under
the Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012.
On October 25, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report on U.S. citizens detained in Iran and the De-
partment’s efforts to secure their release, pursuant to Section 110
of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
(P.L. 115–44).
On October 29, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee documentation on the Secretary of State’s exercise of
waiver authorities with respect to certain sanctions pursuant to the
Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012 (subtitle D of
title XII of P.L. 112–239).
On November 1, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to
the Committee two enclosed reports under the Iran Freedom and
Counter Proliferation Act covering January 1, 2014 to December
31, 2016 and January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018, pursuant to
Section 1245(e) of the FY13 National Defense Authorization Act
(NDAA).
On November 7, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to
the Committee a report on global trade in 2018 relating to Iran
pursuant to section 10(d) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (P.L.
104–172).
On December 11, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to
the Committee, pursuant to section 506 of the Iran Threat Reduc-
tion and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (P.L. 112–158), a report
identifying the international organizations and entities of which
Iran is a member and that received contributions from the United
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States in FY2018.
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On January 15, 2020, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report, consistent with section 105, section 105A, and
section 105B of the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability,
and Divestment Act of 2010 (P.L. 111–95), as amended by the Iran
Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (P.L. 112–
158), on persons responsible for or complicit in certain human
rights abuses in Iran.
On February 21, 2020, the Department of State transmitted to
the Committee a list of individuals that the Secretary of State, in
consultations with the Department of Treasury, has determined
meet the criteria established in Section 221(a) of the Iran Threat
Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–
158).
b. North Korea
On March 4, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee determinations regarding a waiver of the application of
sanctions to allow for the transfer of certain electronic equipment
from the Republic of Korea to North Korea to host virtual reunions
for families separated by the Korean War, pursuant to Section
208(c)(1) of the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement
Act of 2016.
On October 9, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a determination and memorandum of justification re-
garding a waiver of the application of sanctions to facilitate the
temporary transfer of equipment and materials into North Korea
in connection with the Republic of Korea soccer team’s participa-
tion in a FIFA World Cup qualification match on October 15, 2019.
c. Burma
On July 17, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report on Burma’s timber trade pursuant to Section
12 of the JADE Act (P.L. 110–286).
d. Russia
On June 5, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report on the Department’s measures taken and re-
sults achieved to promote the rule of law and strengthen investor
protections in Russia.
e. Other
On February 1, 2019, the Department of Commerce transmitted
to the Committee an annual report that details all the known
worldwide conflict mineral processing facilities. The list of proc-
essing facilities is shared, per Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act,
to assist companies in developing a conflict minerals-free supply
chain and in conducting their own outreach and due diligence.
On February 20, 2019, the Department of Treasury transmitted
a report to the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
and the House Committees on Foreign Affairs and Ways and
Means, the House and Senate Committees on Armed Services and
the Judiciary, the Senate Committees on Foreign Relations and Fi-
nance, and Senate Select Committee on Intelligence a report on In-
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dian national Jasmeet Hakimzada as a foreign person appropriate
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for sanctions under Section 804(b) of the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin
Designation Act, 21 U.S.C. 1903(b).
On June 10, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report on Indo-Pacific Human Rights.
On June 25, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee reports in accordance with sections 5 and 12 of the
Clean Diamond Act describing the 2018 performance of the U.S.
Kimberley Process Authority and the rough diamond export control
measures of countries participating in the Kimberley Process Cer-
tification Scheme that exported rough diamonds to the United
States in 2018, respectively.
On July 17, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report on the coordination of sanctions between the
United States and the European Union pursuant to Section 109 of
the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (P.L.
115–44).
On July 18, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a map of mineral-rich zones under the control of armed
groups in the Democratic Republic Congo and an explanatory note,
pursuant to Section 1502(c)(2) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Re-
form and Consumer Protection Act (P.L. 111–203).
On August 26, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee a report on politically motivated boycotts of, divestment
from, and sanctions against Israel, pursuant to section 909(d) of
the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015.
On October 25, 2019, the Department of State transmitted to the
Committee documentation providing a detailed description of the
credible evidence supporting the change in tier ranking of those
countries listed as Tier 3 in the 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report
and subsequently listed as Tier 2 Watch List in the 2019 Report,
pursuant to Section 106(b)(6) of TPA, as amended.
On February 12, 2020, the Department of State transmitted to
the Committee a report, pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 9408, on coordina-
tion of sanctions between the United States and the European
Union.
On December 21, 2020, the Department of Commerce trans-
mitted to the Committee an annual report that details all the
known worldwide conflict mineral processing facilities. The list of
processing facilities is shared, per Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank
Act, to assist companies in developing a conflict minerals-free sup-
ply chain and in conducting their own outreach and due diligence.
PRIORITIES OF THE OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE
REPRESENTATIVE
On March 29, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee the
2019 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers,
pursuant to section 1304 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitive-
ness Act of 1988, as amended.
On April 25, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee the 2019
Special 301 Report and 2018 out-of-cycle review of the Notorious
Markets List, pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974, as amended.
On September 27, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee a
copy of the charter extending the Trade and Environment Policy
Advisory Committee (TEPAC) for two years, in accordance with
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Section 9(c) of the Federal Advisory Act (5 U.S.C. App II) and the
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U.S. General Services Administration implementation regulation
(41 C.F.R. § 102–3.70).
On February 28, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the
2020 Trade Policy Agenda and the 2019 Annual Report of the
President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program
as prepared by the Administration. consistent with Section 163 of
the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2213). It included,
pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 3535(a), a report due every five years that
provides an overview of the implementation and enforcement of the
WTO Agreement, discusses the accession of new Members to the
WTO, analyzes the effects of the WTO Agreement and continued
U.S. participation in the WTO on the U.S. national interest, and
highlights areas for reform.
On March 31, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the
2020 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers,
pursuant to section 1304 of the Omnibus Trade and Competitive-
ness Act of 1988.
On April 29, 2020, USTR transmitted to the Committee the 2020
Special 301 Report and 2019 Review of Notorious Markets for
Counterfeiting and Piracy, pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974, as
amended.
PRIORITIES OF CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION
On February 5, 2019, Customs and Border Protection trans-
mitted to the Committee its annual report of the Commercial Cus-
toms Operations Advisory Committee (COAC) to Chairman Neal,
pursuant to the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of
2015 (TFTEA).
On December 12, 2019, Customs and Border Protection trans-
mitted to the Committee its annual report regarding Antidumping
and Countervailing Duty Enforcement Actions and Compliance Ini-
tiatives: FY 2019.
On October 30, 2020, the Department of Homeland Security
transmitted to the Committee the FY2020 Customs and Trade
Partnership annual report to Congress.
OTHER U.S. TRADE POLICY PRIORITIES
i. Hearings and other meetings
On January 29, 2019, Chairman Neal convened a meeting of the
House Advisory Group on Negotiations (HAGON) within the first
30 days of the new Congress as required by the Bipartisan Con-
gressional Trade Priorities and Accountability (TPA) Act of 2015 to
discuss the trade agenda during the 116th Congress.
On February 6, 2020, the Subcommittee on Trade held a hearing
on ‘‘Trade Infrastructure for Global Competitiveness.’’ Witnesses
included Roxanne Brown, International Vice President at Large at
the United Steelworkers; Greg Regan, Secretary-Treasurer of the
Transportation Trades Department at the AFL–CIO; Greg Richard-
son, Chief Financial Officer for the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta
International Airport; Curtis Robinhold, Executive Director of the
Port of Portland; Chris Spear, President and CEO of the American
Trucking Association; and Ric Campo, Chairman of the Port Com-
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mission for the Port of Houston Authority.
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ii. Reports
On March 18, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee its Annual Performance Plan or
FY2019–20, Annual Performance Review for FY2018, and its Budg-
et Request for FY2020.
On April 1, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee the Commission’s FY 2018 NO
FEAR Act Annual Report to Congress.
On April 10, 2019, the Department of Commerce transmitted to
the Committee a copy of the amendment to the charter for the
United States Investment Advisory Council pursuant to the Fed-
eral Advisory Committee Act.
On July 22, 2019, the Department of Homeland Security trans-
mitted to the Committee a letter informing that the Department
had renewed the charter for the Homeland Security Science and
Technology Advisory Committee, pursuant to the Federal Advisory
Committee Act (FACA), 5 U.S.C. Appendix.
On August 16, 2019, the Department of Commerce transmitted
to the Committee a copy of the renewal charter for the United
States Travel and Tourism Advisory Board, in accordance with the
provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act.
On October 4, 2019, the Department of Commerce transmitted to
the Committee a copy of the renewal charter for the President’s Ad-
visory Council on Doing Business in Africa, in accordance with the
provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act.
On October 4, 2019, the Department of Commerce transmitted to
the Committee a copy of the renewal charter for the President’s Ex-
port Council, in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Advi-
sory Committee Act.
On November 19, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee its FY 2019 Agency Financial Re-
port.
On January 29, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee a notice announcing institution of
the investigation in response to Chairman Neal’s letter on Decem-
ber 19, 2019, requesting an investigation into Seafood Obtained via
Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing: U.S. Imports and
Economic Impact on U.S. Commercial Fisheries, under section
332(g) of the Trade Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1332(g)).
On February 12, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee a Federal Register Notice for inves-
tigation No. 332–574, Renewable Electricity: Potential Economic
Effects of Increased Commitments in Massachusetts, under section
332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1332(g)).
On March 2, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee the Commission’s Fiscal Year 2019
Annual Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014
(FISMA) Submission.
On March 9, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee the Commission’s FY 2019 NO
FEAR Act annual report to Congress.
On April 23, 2020, the Department of Commerce’s International
Trade Administration transmitted to the Committee a copy of the
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renewal charter for the United States Investment Advisory Coun-
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cil, in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Advisory Com-
mittee Act.
On June 12, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee a letter informing them that the U.S.
International Trade Commission has instituted investigation No.
TPA–105–008 for the purpose of preparing the second of the two
reports required by section 105(f)(2) of the Bipartisan Congres-
sional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015.
On July 28, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee its report upon completion of Inves-
tigation No. 332–345, Recent Trends in U.S. Service Trade: 2020
Annual Report.
On August 14, 2019, USTR transmitted to the Committee a re-
port, pursuant to Section 104(1) of the United States-Korea Free
Trade Agreement Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 3805 note) an en-
closed report regarding a certain proposed modification to be made
to the KORUS rules of origin incorporated in the Harmonized Tar-
iff Schedule of the United States.
On September 17, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commis-
sion transmitted to the Committee its tenth annual report pursu-
ant to section 404(d) of the Dominican Republic-Central America-
United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act on the
‘‘Earned Import Allowance Program: Evaluation of Effectiveness of
the Program for Certain Apparel from the Dominican Republic.’’
On September 18, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commis-
sion transmitted to the Committee a report on the Commission’s
compliance with the requirements of subchapter II of the Founda-
tions for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018, as required
under the Act.
On November 16, 2020, the U.S. International Commission
transmitted to the Committee a letter and enclosed report on the
USITC’s FY 2020 Agency Financial Report.
On December 18, 2020, the U.S. International Trade Commission
transmitted to the Committee the Commission’s 21st Century Inte-
grated Digital Experience Act (21st Century IDEA) submission,
which describes the websites and digital services that the public
views or utilizes most frequently or that are otherwise important
for public engagement.
3. SUBCOMMITTEE ON SELECT REVENUE MEASURES
Actions Taken
FULL COMMITTEE HEARINGS
On February 6, 2019, the Committee received testimony on ‘‘The
Challenges Facing America’s Workers in Ensuring a Secure Retire-
ment’’ from: (i) Diane Oakley, Executive Director, National Insti-
tute on Retirement Security; (ii) Nancy J. Altman, President, Social
Security Works; (iii) Cindy McDaniel, Co-director, Missouri-Kansas
City Committee to Protect Pensions; (iv) Roger W. Crandall, Chair-
man, President & CEO, MassMutual; (v) Luke Huffstutter, Owner,
Annastasia Salon and Summit Salon Academy, Portland, OR; (vi)
Robin Diamonte, Corporate Vice President, Pension Investments,
United Technologies Corporation; (vii) Andrew G. Biggs, Resident
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Scholar, American Enterprise Institute.
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On March 6, 2019, the Committee received testimony on our na-
tion’s crumbling infrastructure and the need for immediate action
from: (i) Rep. Peter A. DeFazio, Chairman, Committee on Trans-
portation and Infrastructure; (ii) Rep. Sam Graves, Ranking Mem-
ber, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure; (iii) Richard
Trumka, President, AFL–CIO; (iv) Thomas Donohue, President and
CEO, U.S. Chamber of Commerce; (v) Gregory E. DiLoreto, Past
President, Chair of Committee on Infrastructure, American Society
of Civil Engineers; (vi) Chris Spear, President and CEO, American
Trucking Associations; (vii) Marc Scribner, Senior Fellow, Competi-
tive Enterprise Institute.
On March 14, 2019, the Committee received testimony on the
President’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal from U.S. Secretary of
the Treasury Steven Mnuchin.
On March 27, 2019, the Committee received testimony on the
2017 tax law and who it left behind from: (i) Elise Gould, Ph.D,
Senior Economist, Economic Policy Institute; (ii) Jason Oh, Pro-
fessor of Law, University of California Los Angeles School of Law;
(iii) Christopher M. Shelton, President, Communication Workers of
America; (iv) Nancy Abramowitz, Professor of Law and Director of
the Janet R. Spragens Federal Tax Clinic, American University
Washington College of Law; (v) Douglas Holtz-Eakin, Ph.D, Presi-
dent, American Action Forum.
On May 15, 2019, the Committee received testimony on the eco-
nomic and health consequences of climate change from: (i) Kath-
erine Marvel, Ph.D, Associate Research Scientist, Columbia Uni-
versity and NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; (ii) Ashish
Jha, M.D, Director, Harvard Global Health Institute; (iii) Roy
Wright, President and CEO, Insurance Institute for Business &
Home Safety; (iv) Ted Halstead, Chairman & CEO, Climate Lead-
ership Council; (v) Rich Powell, Executive Director, ClearPath.
On January 29, 2020, the Committee received testimony on pav-
ing the way for funding and financing infrastructure investments
from: (i) Joung H. Lee, Director of Policy and Government Rela-
tions, American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials; (ii) Dr. Philip Fischer, Founder, eBooleant Consulting
LLC, and Former Head of Fixed Income and Municipal Bond Strat-
egy, Global Banking & Markets, Bank of America Merrill Lynch;
(iii) Laura L. Canter, Executive Vice President and Director of Fi-
nance Programs, MassDevelopment; (iv) Diane Gutierrez-Scaccetti,
Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Transportation; (v)
DJ Gribbin, Founder, Madrus LLC.
On March 3, 2020, the Committee received testimony on the pro-
posed fiscal year 2021 budget from Treasury Secretary Steven
Mnuchin.
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARINGS
On February 13, 2019, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue
Measures received testimony on ‘‘How Middle Class Families are
Faring in Today’s Economy’’ from: (i) Mark Zandi, Ph.D, Chief
Economist, Moody’s Analytics; (ii) Heather Boushey, Ph.D, Execu-
tive Director and Chief Economist, Washington Center for Equi-
table Growth; (iii) Sara R. Collins, Ph.D, Vice President of Health
Care Coverage and Access, Commonwealth Fund; (iv) Kevin
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Brown, Former President, California Association of Realtors; (v)
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Pam Eddinger, Ph.D, President, Bunker Hill Community College;
(vi) Tatum Tirado, Mathematics and Special Education Teacher,
Ballou High School; (vii) Guy Berkebile, Owner, Guy Chemical
Company.
On March 12, 2019, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Meas-
ures received testimony on ‘‘Temporary Policy in the Internal Rev-
enue Code’’ from: (i) Mark Mazur, Ph.D, Robert C. Pozen Director,
Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center; (ii) Pam Olson, US Deputy
Tax Leader and Washington National Tax Services Leader,
PricewaterhouseCoopers; (iii) Chye-Ching Huang, Director of Fed-
eral Fiscal Policy, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; (iv) Judy
K. Sakaki, Ph.D, President, Sonoma State University; (v) Kyle
Pomerleau, Chief Economist and Vice President of Economic Anal-
ysis, Tax Foundation.
On June 25, 2019, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Meas-
ures received testimony on ‘‘How Recent Limitations to the SALT
Deduction Harm Communities’’ from: (i) Honorable David Tarter,
Mayor, Falls Church, Virginia; (ii) Honorable Bob De Natale,
Mayor, Bayville, New York; (iii) Honorable Christian Yancik
Leinbach, Commissioner, Berks County, Pennsylvania; (iv) Dr.
Paul Imhoff, Superintendent, Upper Arlington School District; (v)
Lt. Mahlon Mitchell, President, Professional Fire Fighters of Wis-
consin; (vi) Nicole Kaeding, Vice President of Federal and Special
Projects, Tax Foundation.
On June 25, 2019, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Meas-
ures received testimony from Members of Congress focused on the
recent changes made to the federal tax treatment of state and local
taxes. Members offering testimony were: (i) Rep. Tom Malinowski;
(ii) Rep. Dean Phillips; (iii) Rep. Andy Kim; (iv) Rep. Sean Casten;
(v) Rep. Maxine Waters; (vi) Rep. Josh Gottheimer; (vii) Rep.
Lauren Underwood; (viii) Rep. Katie Porter; (ix) Rep. Mikie
Sherrill; (x) Rep. Frank Pallone; (xi) Rep. Jim Himes; (xii) Rep.
Jackie Speier; (xiii) Rep. Donald M. Payne, Jr; (xiv) Rep. Joseph
Morelle; (xv) Rep. Max Rose; (xvi), Rep. Lee Zeldin.
On March 4, 2020, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Meas-
ures received testimony on ‘‘Examining the Impact of the Tax code
on Native American Tribes’’ from: (i) Rep. Sharice Davids; (ii) Rep.
Deb Haaland; (iii) Rep. Markwayne Mullin; (iv) Fawn Sharp, Presi-
dent, National Congress of American Indians; (v) Cristina Dan-
forth, President of the Board, Native American Financial Officer’s
Association; (vi) The Honorable Kenneth Khan, Chairman, Santa
Ynez Band of Chumash Indians; (vii) The Honorable Rodney But-
ler, Chairman, Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation, (vii) The Hon-
orable Matthew Wesaw, Chairman, Pokagon Band of Potawatomi
Indians.
On June 18, 2020, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Meas-
ures received testimony on ‘‘Tax Relief to Support Workers and
Families During the COVID–19 Recession’’ from: (i) Amy Matsui,
Director of Income Security and Senior Counsel. National Women’s
Law Center; (ii) Indi Dutta-Gupta, Co-Executive Director, George-
town Center on Poverty and Inequality; (iii) Allison Bovell-Ammon,
Director of Policy Strategy, Children’s HealthWatch; (iv) Martha
Rodriguez, Preschool Educator, Renton, WA; (v) Kyle Pomerleau,
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Resident Fellow, American Enterprise Institute.
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On September 11, 2020, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue
Measures received testimony on ‘‘Consequences of Inaction on
COVID Tax Legislation’’ from: (i) Betsey Stevenson PhD., Professor
of Economics and Public Policy, University of Michigan; (ii) Marc
H. Morial, President, National Urban League; (iii) Tom Colicchio,
Chef and Owner, Crafted Hospitality; (iv) Nakitta Long, Winston-
Salem, North Carolina; (v) Alex Brill, Resident Fellow, American
Enterprise Institute.
On September 25, 2020, the Subcommittee on Select Revenue
Measures received testimony on ‘‘Restaurants in America during
the COVID–19 pandemic’’ from (i) The Honorable Buddy Dyer,
Mayor, Orlando, Florida; (ii) Sondra Bernstein, Owner and Propri-
etor, The Girl and the Fig; (iii) Christine Hà, Owner and Chef, The
Blind Goat; (iv) Mario Sandoval, Culinary Worker, Las Vegas, Ne-
vada; (v) Saru Jayaraman, President, One Fair Wage; (vi) Melvin
Rodrigue, Chairman of the Board of Directors, National Restaurant
Association.
4. SUBCOMMITTEE ON WORKER AND FAMILY SUPPORT
Actions Taken
FULL COMMITTEE HEARINGS
On May 8, 2019, the Committee received testimony on ‘‘Paid
Family and Medical Leave’’ from: (i) Marisa Howard-Karp, mother
and Program Manager for a research lab at Boston Children’s Hos-
pital; (ii) Anthony Sandkamp, owner of Sandkamp Woodworks, a
cabinet and architectural woodworking business; (iii) Pronita
Gupta, Director of Job Quality at the Center for Law and Social
Policy; (iv) Suzan LeVine, Commissioner for the Washington State
Employment Security Department; and (v) Rachel Greszler, Retire-
ment and Labor Policy Fellow at the Heritage Foundation.
On January 28, 2020, the Committee received testimony on ‘‘Leg-
islative Strategies for Paid Family and Medical Leave’’ from two
panels. On the member panel, the Committee received testimony
from: (i) Representative Rosa DeLauro of Connecticut; (ii) Rep-
resentative Ann Wagner of Missouri; and (iii) Representative Elise
Stefanik of New York. On the expert panel, the Committee received
testimony from (i) Joan Lunden, television host and owner of Joan
Lunden Productions; (ii) Kemi Role, the Director of Work Equity at
the National Employment Law Project; (iii) Sharon Terman, Direc-
tor of the Work and Family Program at Legal Aid at Work; (iv) Re-
becca Hamilton, Co-CEO of W.S. Badger Company; (v) Vicki Shabo,
Senior Fellow for Paid Leave Policy and Strategy at New America;
and (vi) Hadley Heath Manning, Director of Policy at the Inde-
pendent Women’s Forum.
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARINGS
On March 7, 2019, the Subcommittee on Worker and Family
Support received testimony on ‘‘Leveling The Playing Field for
Working Families’’ from: (i) Tameka Henry, mother and paid leave
advocate; (ii) Yvette McKinnie, mother and grandmother from Chi-
cago, IL; (iii) Jane Waldfogel, Compton Foundation Centennial Pro-
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fessor for the Prevention of Children’s and Youth Problems at the
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Columbia University School of Social Work; and (iv) Kelly Schultz,
Secretary of the Maryland Department of Commerce.
On June 11, 2019, the Subcommittee on Worker and Family Sup-
port received testimony on ‘‘Celebrating Fathers and Families
Through Federal Support for Responsible Fatherhood Programs’’
from: (i) Nicolette Duffield, Assistant Warden of Programs at the
Sheridan Correctional Center; (ii) Halbert Sullivan, Founder and
CEO of Fathers’ Support Center; (iii) Samuel Gonzalez, participant
in the TrueDads program; (iv) Ryan Howard, Executive Director of
the Owens Valley Career Development Center; and (v) William C.
Bell, President and CEO of Casey Family Programs.
On March 11, 2020, the Subcommittee on Worker and Family
Support received testimony on ‘‘Combatting Child Poverty in Amer-
ica’’ from: (i) Ron Haskins, Co-Director of the Center on Children
and Families at the Brookings Institution in substitution for Dolo-
res Acevedo-Garcia, Director of Institute for Child, Youth, and
Family Policy at Brandeis University; (ii) Marsha Raulerson MD,
Med, FAAP, pediatrician and American Academy of Pediatrics rep-
resentative; (iii) Joy Bivens, Agency Director of the Franklin Coun-
ty Department of Job and Family Services; and (iv) Angela Rachidi,
Rowe Scholar in Poverty Studies at the American Enterprise Insti-
tute.
On June 23, 2020, the Subcommittee on Worker and Family Sup-
port received testimony on ‘‘The Effect of COVID–19 on The Child
Care Crisis in America’’ from: (i) Rasheed Malik, Senior Policy Ana-
lyst at the Center for American Progress; Regina McChriston, CT
Scan Technician from Chicago, IL; Aaliyah Samuel, Executive Vice
President of Government Affairs and Partnerships at the North-
west Evaluation Association; and (iv) Jennifer Sullivan, Secretary
of the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration.
5. SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH
Actions Taken
FULL COMMITTEE HEARINGS
On January 29, 2019, the Committee received testimony on ‘‘Pro-
tecting Americans with Pre-existing Conditions’’ from: (i) Andrew
Blackshear, Patient and Volunteer, American Heart Association;
(ii) Keysha Brooks-Coley, Vice President, Federal Advocacy & Stra-
tegic Alliances, American Cancer Society; (iii) Karen Pollitz, Senior
Fellow, Kaiser Family Foundation; (iv) Rob Robertson, Chief Ad-
ministrator/Secretary-Treasurer, Nebraska Farm Bureau Associa-
tion; and (v) Andrew Stolfi, Commissioner and Administrator, Divi-
sion of Finance Regulation, Oregon Division of Financial Regula-
tion.
On February 12, 2019, the Committee received testimony on
‘‘The Cost of Rising Prescription Drug Prices’’ from: (i) Mark Miller,
Executive Vice President of Health Care, Arnold Ventures; (ii) Ra-
chel Sachs, Professor of Law, Washington University in St. Louis;
(iii) Alan Ruether, Legislative Consultant, UAW Retiree Medical
Benefits Trust; (iv) Odunola Ojewumi, Patient, Beltsville, MD; and
(v) Joseph Antos, Wilson H. Taylor Scholar in Health Care and Re-
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tirement Policy, American Enterprise Institute.
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On March 14, 2019, the Committee received testimony on the
‘‘President’s fiscal year 2020 Budget Proposal’’ from U.S. Secretary
of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin.
On May 15, 2019, the Committee received testimony on the ‘‘Eco-
nomic and Health Consequences of Climate Change’’ from: (i) Ted
Halstead, President and CEO, Climate Change Council; (ii) Ashish
Jha, Director, Harvard Global Health Institute; (iii) Katherine
Marvel, Research Scientist, Columbia University and NASA God-
dard Institute for Space Studies; (iv) Rich Powell, Executive Direc-
tor, ClearPath; and (v) Roy Wright, President and CEO, Insurance
Institute for Business & Home Safety.
On June 12, 2019, the Committee received testimony on ‘‘Path-
ways to Universal Health Coverage’’ from: (I) Rebecca Wood, Pa-
tient advocate and mother who lives outside of Boston, MA; (ii)
Tricia Neuman, Senior Vice President and Director of the Program
on Medicare Policy, Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; (iii) Don-
ald Berwick, President Emeritus and Senior Fellow, Institute for
Healthcare Improvement; (iv) Pam MacEwan, CEO, Washington
State Health Benefit Exchange; (v) Chiquita Brooks-LaSure, Man-
aging Director, Manatt Health; and (vi) Grace-Marie Turner, Presi-
dent, Galen Institute.
On October 17, 2019, the Committee received testimony on ‘‘In-
vesting in The U.S. Health System By Lowering Drug Prices, Re-
ducing Out-of-Pocket Costs, and Improving Medicare Benefits’’
from: (i) Samantha Reid, Patient with Chron’s Disease; (ii) Cath-
erine Georges, National Volunteer President, AARP; (iii) Mark Mil-
ler, Executive Vice President of Health Care, Arnold Ventures; (iv)
Judy Feder, Professor, Georgetown University McCourt School of
Public Policy; and (v) Benedic Ippolito, Research Fellow, American
Enterprise Institute.
On November 14, 2019, the Committee received testimony on
‘‘Caring For Aging Americans’’ from: (i) Kristina Brown, Caregiver
and Medical Student; (ii) Robert Egge, Chief Public Policy Officer,
Alzheimer’s Association; (iii) Joanne Lynn, Director, Program to
Improve Eldercare, Altarum; (iv) Robert Blancato, National Direc-
tor, Elder Justice Coalition; (v) Richard Mollot, Executive Director,
the Long Term Care Community Coalition; and (vi) Edo Banach,
President & CEO, National Hospice and Palliative Care Organiza-
tion.
On March 3, 2020, the Committee received testimony on ‘‘The
President’s Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Proposal’’ from U.S. Secretary
of Health and Human Services Alex Azar.
On May 27, 2020, the Committee received testimony on ‘‘The Dis-
proportionate Impact of COVID–19 on Communities of Color’’ from:
(i) Ibram Kendi, Founding Director, the Antiracist Research & Pol-
icy Center at American University; (ii) Raynald Samoa,
Endocrinologist, City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA; (iii) Thomas
Sequist, Chief Patient Experience and Equity Officer, Mass Gen-
eral Brigham and Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School;
(iv) Alicia Fernandez, Professor of Medicine, University of Cali-
fornia San Francisco; (v) James Hildreth, President and CEP,
Meharry Medical College; and (vi) Douglas Holtz-Eakin, President,
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the American Action Forum.
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SUBCOMMITTEE HEARINGS
On March 7, 2019, the Subcommittee on Health received testi-
mony on ‘‘Promoting Competition to Lower Medicare Drug Prices’’
from: (i) Robin Feldman, Professor of Law, University of California
Hastings; (ii) Douglas Holtz-Eakin, President, the American Action
Forum; (iii) Frederick Isasi, Executive Director, Families USA; (iv)
Amy Kapczynski, Professor of Law, Yale Law School; and (v) Ameet
Sarpatwari, Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School.
On May 21, 2019, the Subcommittee on Health received testi-
mony on ‘‘Protecting Patients from Surprise Medical Bills’’ from: (i)
Representative Katie Porter, Member of Congress; (ii) Representa-
tive Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Member of Congress; (iii) James
Gefland, Senior Vice President, Health Policy, ERISA Industry
Committee; (iv) Bobby Mukkamala, Board of Trustees, American
Medical Association; (v) Tom Nickels, Executive Vice President,
Government Relations, American Hospital Association; and (vi)
Jeanette Thornton, Senior Vice President, America’s Health Insur-
ance Plans.
On February 5, 2020, the Subcommittee on Health received testi-
mony on ‘‘More Cures For More Patients: Overcoming Pharma-
ceutical Barriers’’ from: (i) Juliana Keeping, Patient Advocate,
Mother to a Child with Cystic Fibrosis; (ii) Brad Setser, Senior Fel-
low, Council on Foreign Relations; (iii) Ge Bai, Professor of Ac-
counting, Johns Hopkins Carey Business School; (iv) Aaron
Kesselheim, Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; and (v)
Tara Hayes, Director of Human Welfare Policy, American Action
Forum.
On June 25, 2020, the Subcommittee on Health received testi-
mony on ‘‘Examining The COVID–19 Nursing Home Crisis’’ from:
(i) Delia Satterwhite, family Member; (ii) Melinda Haschak, Li-
censed Practical Nurse, Regalcare at Southport; (iii) Nicole Howell,
Executive Director, Ombudsman Services of Contra Costa Inc.; (iv)
Toby Edelman, Senior Policy Attorney, Center for Medicare Advo-
cacy; (v) David Grabowski, Professor, Harvard Medical School; (vi)
Dana Kennedy, Arizona State Director, AARP; and (vii) Rebecca
Gould, President and CEO, Schuyler Hospital.
6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON SOCIAL SECURITY
Actions Taken
FULL COMMITTEE HEARINGS
On July 25, 2019, the Committee received testimony on ‘‘The So-
cial Security 2100 Act’’ from: (i) Stephen C. Goss, Chief Actuary,
Social Security Administration; (ii) Nancy J. Altman, President, So-
cial Security Works; (iii) Kelly Brozyna, Member, Job Creators Net-
work’s National Women’s Coalition; (iv) Shaun Castle, Deputy Ex-
ecutive Director, Paralyzed Veterans of America; and (v) Abigail
Zapote, Executive Director, Latinos for a Secure Retirement.
SUBCOMMITTEE HEARINGS
On March 12, 2019, the Subcommittee on Social Security heard
testimony on ‘‘Protecting and Improving Social Security: Enhancing
Social Security to Strengthen The Middle Class’’ from: (i) Joan
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Ruff, Chair, Board of Directors, AARP; (ii) Kate Farrar, Executive
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Director, Connecticut Women’s Education and Legal Fund; (iii)
Maya Rockeymoore Cummings, President and CEO, Global Policy
Solutions; (iv) Joseph Semprevivo, President and CEO, Joseph’s
Lite Cookies; (v) Yanira Cruz, President and CEO, National His-
panic Council on Aging; and (vi) Ilana Boivie, Research Economist,
International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers,
AFL–CIO.
On March 13, 2019, the Subcommittee on Social Security heard
testimony on ‘‘Protecting and Improving Social Security: Benefit
Enhancements’’ from: (i) Max Richtman, President and CEO, Na-
tional Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare; (ii)
Bette Marafino, President, Connecticut Alliance for Retired Ameri-
cans; (iii) Abigail Zapote, Executive Director, Latinos for a Secure
Retirement; (iv) Andrew Biggs, Resident Scholar, American Enter-
prise Institute, (v) Joan Entmacher, Senior Fellow, National Acad-
emy of Social Insurance; and (vi) Donna Butts, Executive Director,
Generations United.
On April 10, 2019, the Subcommittee on Social Security received
testimony on ‘‘Comprehensive Legislative Proposals to Enhance So-
cial Security’’ from: (i) Dianne Stone, Director, Newington Senior &
Disability Center; (ii) Stephen C. Goss, Chief Actuary, Social Secu-
rity Administration; (iii) Nancy J. Altman, President, Social Secu-
rity Works; (iv) Mattie Duppler, Senior Fellow for Fiscal Policy, Na-
tional Taxpayers Union; (v) Shaun Castle, Deputy Executive Direc-
tor, Paralyzed Veterans of America; and (vi) Max Richtman, Presi-
dent and CEO, National Committee to Preserve Social Security and
Medicare.
On July 17, 2020, the Subcommittee on Social Security received
testimony on ‘‘The Impact of COVID–19 on Social Security and Its
Beneficiaries’’ from: (i) Stephen C. Goss, Chief Actuary, Social Se-
curity Administration; (ii) Max Richtman, President and CEO, Na-
tional Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare; (iii)
Melanie L. Campbell, President and CEO, National Coalition on
Black Civic Participation and Convener, Black Women’s Round-
table; (iv) Mattie Duppler, Senior Fellow for Fiscal Policy, National
Taxpayers Union; (v) Abigail Zapote, Executive Director, Latinos
for a Secure Retirement; (vi) Shaun Castle, Deputy Executive Di-
rector, Paralyzed Veterans of America; and (vii) Robert Roach, Jr.,
President, Alliance for Retired Americans.
On September 24, 2020, the Subcommittee on Social Security re-
ceived testimony on ‘‘Save Our Social Security Now’’ from: (i) Sen-
ator Ron Wyden, Oregon; (ii) Representative Danny K. Davis, Illi-
nois; (iii) Representative Linda Sánchez, California; (iv) Represent-
ative Judy Chu, California; (v) Representative Don Beyer, Virginia;
(vi) Nancy J. Altman, President, Social Security Works; (vii) Will
Goodwin, Director of Government Relations, VoteVets; (viii) Amy
Matsui, Director of Income Security and Senior Counsel, National
Women’s Law Center; (ix) Janice Dean, Resident, New York; (x)
Max Richtman, President and CEO, National Committee to Pre-
serve Social Security and Medicare; and (xi) Robert Roach, Jr.,
President, Alliance for Retired Americans.
III. PUBLIC HEARINGS
During the 116th Congress, the Committee on Ways and Means
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along with its six Subcommittees held numerous public hearings.
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Many of these hearings dealt with broad subject matter including
tax policy, trade, health and Social Security issues.
As the statistics below indicate, during the 116th Congress, the
full Committee and its six Subcommittees held public hearings ag-
gregating a total of 64 days, during which time 322 witnesses testi-
fied.
The following table specifies the statistical data on the number
of days and witnesses on each of the subjects covered by public
hearings in the full Committee during the 116th Congress.
TABLE 1—PUBLIC HEARINGS CONDUCTED BY THE FULL COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
Number of—
Subject and Date
Days Witnesses
2019:
Hearing on Protecting Americans with Pre-Existing Conditions How Tax Reform Will Grow
Our Economy and Create Jobs, January 29 ....................................................................... 1 5
Hearing on The Challenges Facing America’s Workers in Ensuring a Secure Retirement,
February 6 .......................................................................................................................... 1 7
Hearing on the Cost of Rising Prescription Drug Prices, February 12 ................................. 1 5
Hearing on U.S.-China Trade, February 27 ............................................................................ 1 1
Hearing on Our Nation’s Crumbling Infrastructure And The Need For Immediate Action,
March 6 .............................................................................................................................. 1 7
The President’s Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Proposal with U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
Steven Mnuchin, March 14 ................................................................................................ 1 1
Hearing on the 2017 Tax Law and Who it Left Behind, March 27 ....................................... 1 5
Hearing on Paid Family and Medical Leave: Helping Workers and Employers Succeed,
May 8 ................................................................................................................................. 1 5
Hearing on Understanding the Tax Gap and Taxpayer Noncompliance, May 9 .................... 1 4
Hearing on the Economic and Health Consequences of Climate Change, May 15 .............. 1 5
Hearing on Overcoming Racial Disparities and Social Determinants in the Maternal Mor-
tality Crisis, May 16 .......................................................................................................... 1 8
Hearing on Pathways to Universal Health Coverage, June 12 .............................................. 1 6
Hearing on the 2019 Trade Policy Agenda: Negotiations with China, Japan, the EU, and
UK; new NAFTA/USMCA; U.S. Participation in the WTO; and other matters, June 19 ...... 1 1
Legislative Hearing on the Social Security 2100 Act, June 25 ............................................. 1 5
Investing in the U.S. Health System by Lowering Drug Prices, Reducing Out-of-Pocket
Costs, and Improving Medicare Benefits, October 17 ...................................................... 1 5
Caring for Aging Americans, November 14 ........................................................................... 1 6
Total for 2019 ................................................................................................................ 16 76
2020:
Hearing on Paid Leave Legislative Options, January 28 ....................................................... 1 9
Hearing on Paving the Way for Funding and Financing Infrastructure Investments, Janu-
ary 29 ................................................................................................................................. 1 5
Hearing on The Disappearing Corporate Income Tax, February 11 ....................................... 1 4
Hearing on U.S.-China Trade and Competition, February 26 ................................................ 1 6
Hearing on Proposed Fiscal Year 2021 Budget with Health and Human Services Secretary
Azar, February 27 ............................................................................................................... 1 1
Hearing on The Proposed Fiscal Year 2021 Budget with Treasury Secretary Steven
Mnuchin, March 3 .............................................................................................................. 1 1
Hearing on The Disproportionate Impact of COVID–19 on Communities of Color, May 27 1 6
Hearing on The 2020 Trade Policy Agenda, June 17 ............................................................. 1 1
Total for 2020 ................................................................................................................ 8 33
Total for 116th Congress ..................................................................................... 24 109
The six Subcommittees of the Committee on Ways and Means
were also very active in conducting public hearings during the
116th Congress. The following table specifies in detail the number
of days and witnesses for each of the Subcommittees.
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TABLE 2—PUBLIC HEARINGS CONDUCTED BY THE SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS
AND MEANS
(January 3, 2019–January 3, 2021)
Number of—
Subject and Date
Days Witnesses
SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRADE
2019:
Hearing on Trade and Labor: Creating and Enforcing Rules to Benefit American Workers,
March 26 ............................................................................................................................ 1 7
Hearing on Enforcement in the New NAFTA, May 22 ............................................................ 1 5
Hearing on Mexico’s Labor Reform: Opportunities and Challenges for an Improved NAFTA,
June 25 ............................................................................................................................... 1 4
U.S.-Japan Trade Agreements, November 26 ......................................................................... 1 4
Total for 2019 ................................................................................................................ 4 20
2020:
Hearing on Trade Infrastructure for Global Competitiveness, February 6 ............................ 1 6
Hearing on Trade, Manufacturing, and Critical Supply Chains: Lessons from COVID–19,
July 23 ................................................................................................................................ 1 5
Hearing on the Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act: Considerations for Renewal, Sep-
tember 10 ........................................................................................................................... 1 5
Hearing on Enforcing the Ban on Imports Produced by Forced Labor in Xinjiang, Sep-
tember 17 ........................................................................................................................... 1 5
Total for 2020 ................................................................................................................ 4 21
Total for 116th Congress ..................................................................................... 8 41
SUBCOMMITTEE ON WORKER AND FAMILY SUPPORT 2019
2019:
Hearing on Leveling the Playing Field for Working Families: Challenges and Opportuni-
ties, March 7 ...................................................................................................................... 1 4
Hearing on Celebrating Fathers and Families: Federal Support for Responsible Father-
hood, June 11 ..................................................................................................................... 1 5
Total for 2019 ................................................................................................................ 2 9
2020:
Hearing on Combatting Child Poverty in America, March 11 ............................................... 1 5
Hearing on The Child Care Crisis and the Coronavirus Pandemic, June 23 ........................ 1 4
Total for 2020 ................................................................................................................ 2 9
Total for 116th Congress ..................................................................................... 4 18
SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT
2019:
Hearing on Legislative Proposals and Tax Law Related to Presidential and Vice-Presi-
dential Tax Returns, February 7 ........................................................................................ 1 5
Hearing with the National Taxpayer Advocate on the IRS Filing Season, March ................. 1 1
Hearing on How the Tax Code Subsidizes Hate, September 19 ............................................ 1 5
Hearing on The Public Health Consequences and Costs of Gun Violence, September 26 ... 1 8
Total for 2019 ................................................................................................................ 4 19
2020:
Hearing on Taxpayer Fairness, October 13 ............................................................................ 1 5
Hearing on Maximizing Health Coverage Enrollment Amidst Administration Sabotage, Oc-
tober 20 .............................................................................................................................. 1 4
Hearing with the IRS Commissioner, November 20 ............................................................... 1 1
Total for 2020 ................................................................................................................ 3 10
Total for 116th Congress ..................................................................................... 7 29
SUBCOMMITTEE ON SOCIAL SECURITY
2019:
Hearing on Protecting and Improving Social Security: Enhancing Social Security to
Strengthen the Middle Class, March 12 ........................................................................... 1 6
Hearing on Protecting and Improving Social Security: Benefit Enhancements, March 13 ... 1 6
Hearing on Comprehensive Legislative Proposals to Enhance Social Security, April 10 ...... 1 6
Total for 2019 ................................................................................................................ 3 18
2020:
Hearing on The Impact of COVID–19 on Social Security and its Beneficiaries, July 17 ...... 1 7
Hearing on Save Our Social Security Now, September 24 .................................................... 1 11
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Total for 2020 ................................................................................................................ 2 18
Total for 116th Congress ..................................................................................... 5 36
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TABLE 2—PUBLIC HEARINGS CONDUCTED BY THE SUBCOMMITTEES OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS
AND MEANS—Continued
(January 3, 2019–January 3, 2021)
Number of—
Subject and Date
Days Witnesses
SUBCOMMITTEE ON SELECT REVENUE MEASURES
2019:
Hearing on How Middle Class Families are Faring in Today’s Economy, February 13 ......... 1 7
Hearing on Temporary Policy in the Internal Revenue Code, March 12 ............................... 1 5
Hearing on How Recent Limitations to the SALT Deduction Harm Communities, Schools,
First Responders, and Housing Values, June 25 ............................................................... 1 6
Members’ Day Hearing Focused on the Recent Changes Made to the Federal Tax Treat-
ment of State and Local Taxes, June 26 .......................................................................... 1 21
Total for 2019 ................................................................................................................ 4 41
2020:
Hearing on Examining the Impact of the Tax Code on Native American Tribes, March 4 .. 1 8
Hearing on Tax Relief to Support Workers and Families during the COVID–19 Recession,
June 18 ............................................................................................................................... 1 5
Hearing on Consequences of Inaction on COVID Tax Legislation, September 11 ................. 1 5
Hearing on Restaurants in America During the COVID–19 Pandemic, September 25 ......... 1 6
Total for 2020 ................................................................................................................ 4 24
Total for 116th Congress ..................................................................................... 8 65
IV. MARKUPS
TABLE 3—PUBLIC MARKUPS CONDUCTED BY THE FULL COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS
Number of—
Subject and Date
Days Bills
2019:
Ways and Means Organizational Meeting, January 12 .......................................................... 1 –––
Consideration of Committee Rules for 116th Congress
Views and Estimates, March 6.
Views and Estimates Letter to the Committee on the Budget 1 –––
Markup on April 2: ................................................................................................................. 1 3
—H.R. 1759, ‘‘Building on Reemployment Improvements to Deliver Good Employ-
ment for Workers (BRIDGE for Workers) Act’’
—H.R. 1994, ‘‘Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement Act of
2019’’
—H.R. 1957, ‘‘Taxpayer First Act of 2019’’
Markup on April 9:
—H.R. 2113, ‘‘Prescription Drug Sunshine, Transparency, Accountability and Re-
porting (STAR) Act of 2019’’ .................................................................................... 1 1
Markup on June 20:
—H.R. 3298, The Child Care Quality and Access Act of 2019
—H.R. 3299, The Promoting Respect for Individuals’ Dignity and Equality (PRIDE)
Act of 2019 ............................................................................................................... 1 4
—H.R. 3300, The Economic Mobility Act of 2019
—H.R. 3301, The Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2019
Markup on June 26:
H.R. 3417, The Beneficiary Education Tools, Telehealth, and Extenders Reauthoriza-
tion Act of 2019 ........................................................................................................ 1 5
—H.R. 3429, The HEARTS and Rural Relief Act
—H.R. 3436 The Improving Chronic Care Management Act
—H.R. 3414, The Opioid Workforce Act of 2019
—H.R. 3439 The Protecting Access to Information for Effective and Necessary
Treatment (PATIENTS) Act of 2019
Markup on July 10: ................................................................................................................. 1 1
—H.R. 397, H.R. 397, The Rehabilitation for Multiemployer Pensions Act of 2019
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Executive Session held on Historical Documents related to section 6103, July 25 ............. 1 –––
Markup on October 22: ........................................................................................................... 1 5
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TABLE 3—PUBLIC MARKUPS CONDUCTED BY THE FULL COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS—
Continued
Number of—
Subject and Date
Days Bills
—H.R. 3398, The Pathways to Health Careers Act of 2019
—H.R. 3, The Lower Drug Costs Act Now of 2019
—H.R. 4650, The Medicare Dental Act of 2019
—H.R. 4665, The Medicare Vision Act of 2019
—H.R. 4618, The Medicare Hearing Act of 2019
Markup on October 23:
—H.R. 4742, ‘‘To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to impose a tax on
nicotine used in vaping, etc.’’ 1 4
—H.R. 4716, The Inhaler Coverage and Access Now (I CAN) Act
—H.R. 1922, The Restoring Access to Medication Act of 2019
—H.R. 3708, The Primary Care Enhancement Act of 2019
Markup on December 11 ........................................................................................................ 1 2
—H.R. 5306, The Know Your Social Security Act
—H.R. 5377, The Restoring Tax Fairness for States and Localities Act
Markup on December 19 ........................................................................................................ 1 2
—H. Res. 746, a Resolution to Support and Reform the World Trade Organization
(WTO)
—H.R. 5430, To implement the Agreement between the United States of America,
the United Mexican States, and Canada attached as an Annex to the Protocol
Replacing the North American Free Trade Agreement
Total for 2019 ......................................................................................................................... 11 2
2020:
Markup on February 12 .......................................................................................................... 1 3
—H.R. 5821, the ‘‘HOSPICE’’ Act
—H.R. 5825, The ‘‘Transparency in Health Care Investments Act of 2020’’
—H.R. 5826, the ‘‘Consumer Protections Against Surprise Medical Bills Act’’
Markup on March 3—Views and Estimates Letter ............................................................... 1 –––
Total for 2020 ......................................................................................................................... 2 3
Total for 116th Congress .............................................................................................. 12 30
Appendix I. Jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and
Means
A. U.S. CONSTITUTION
Article I, Section 7, of the Constitution of the United States pro-
vides as follows:
All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of
Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with
Amendments as on other Bills.
In addition, Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution of the United
States provides the following:
The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Du-
ties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and . . . To borrow
Money on the credit of the United States.
B. RULE X, CLAUSE 1, RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Rule X, clause 1(t), of the Rules of the House of Representatives,
in effect during the 110th Congress, provides for the jurisdiction of
the Committee on Ways and Means, as follows:
(t) Committee on Ways and Means.
(1) Customs revenue, collection districts, and ports of
entry and delivery.
(2) Reciprocal trade agreements.
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(3) Revenue measures generally.
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(4) Revenue measures relating to insular possessions.
(5) Bonded debt of the United States, subject to the last
sentence of clause 4(f). Clause 4(f) requires the Committee
on Ways and Means to include in its annual report to the
Committee on the Budget a specific recommendation,
made after holding public hearings, as to the appropriate
level of the public debt that should be set forth in the con-
current resolution on the budget.
(6) Deposit of public monies.
(7) Transportation of dutiable goods.
(8) Tax exempt foundations and charitable trusts.
(9) National Social Security (except health care and fa-
cilities programs that are supported from general revenues
as opposed to payroll deductions and except work incentive
programs).
C. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF COMMITTEE’S JURISDICTION
The foregoing recitation of the provisions of House Rule X, clause
1, paragraph (t), does not convey the comprehensive nature of the
jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means. The following
summary provides a more complete description:
(1) Federal revenue measures generally—The Committee on
Ways and Means has the responsibility for raising the revenue
required to finance the Federal Government. This includes in-
dividual and corporate income taxes, excise taxes, estate taxes,
gift taxes, and other miscellaneous taxes.
(2) The bonded debt of the United States—The Committee on
Ways and Means has jurisdiction over the authority of the Fed-
eral Government to borrow money. Title 31 of Chapter 31 of
the U.S. Code authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to con-
duct any necessary public borrowing subject to a maximum
limit on the amount of borrowing outstanding at any one time.
On October 17, 2013, the President signed into law H.R. 2775,
‘‘The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014’’ (Public Law 113
46) suspending the statutory limit on the amount of public
debt (‘‘the debt ceiling’’) until February 7, 2014. All debt oc-
curred during the time period of October 17, 2013 and Feb-
ruary 7, 2014, will be added to the previous debt ceiling of
$16.699 trillion. The Committee’s jurisdiction also includes con-
ditions under which the U.S. Department of the Treasury man-
ages the Federal debt, such as restrictions on the conditions
under which certain debt instruments are sold.
(3) National Social Security program—The Committee on
Ways and Means has jurisdiction over most of the programs
authorized by the Social Security Act, which includes not only
those programs that are normally referred to colloquially as
‘‘Social Security’’ but also social insurance programs and a
whole series of grant-in-aid programs to State governments for
a variety of purposes. The Social Security Act, as amended,
contains 21 titles (a few of which have either expired or have
been repealed). The principal programs established by the So-
cial Security Act and under the jurisdiction of the Committee
on Ways and Means in the 112th Congress can be outlined as
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(a) Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (Title
II)—At present, there are approximately 163 million work-
ers in employment covered by the program, and for cal-
endar year 2012, $774.8 billion in benefits were paid al-
most 57 million individuals.
(b) Medicare (Title XVIII)—Finances health care benefits
through the Hospital Insurance trust fund for 41.8 million
persons over the age of 65 and for 8.5 million disabled per-
sons. Finances voluntary health care benefits through the
Supplementary Medical Insurance trust fund for 38.7 mil-
lion aged persons and 7.7 million disabled persons. Total
program outlays through these trust funds were $574.2
billion in 2012.
(c) Supplemental Security Income (SSI) (Title XVI)—The
SI program was inaugurated in January 1974 under the
provisions of P.L. 92–603, as amended. It replaced the
former Federal-State programs for the needy aged, blind,
and disabled. In January 2011, 8.9 million individuals re-
ceived Federal SSI benefits on a monthly basis. Of these
8.9 million persons, approximately 2.1 million were eligible
on the basis of age, and 6.8 million on the basis of blind-
ness or disability. Federal expenditures for cash SSI (a)
payments in 2012 totaled $48.8 billion, while State ex-
penditures for federally administered SSI supplements to-
taled $3.3 billion.
(d) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
(part A of Title IV)—The TANF program is a block grant
of about $16.5 billion awarded to States to provide income
assistance to poor families, to end dependency on welfare
benefits to prevent non-marital births, and to encourage
marriage, among other purposes. In most cases, Federal
TANF benefits for individuals are limited to 5 years and
individuals must work to maintain their eligibility. In
June 2013, about 1.7 million families and 4.0 million indi-
viduals received benefits from the TANF program.
(e) Child support enforcement (Part D of Title IV)—In
fiscal year 2012 Federal administrative expenditures to-
taled $5.6 billion for child support enforcement program.
Child support collections for the year totaled $27.7 billion.
(f) Child welfare, foster care, and adoption assistance
(parts B and E of Title IV)—Titles IV B and E provide
funds to States for child welfare services for abused and
neglected children; foster care for children who meet Aid
to Families with Dependent Children eligibility criteria;
and adoption assistance for children with special needs. In
fiscal year 2013, Federal funding for child welfare services
totaled $688 million. Federal funding for foster care and
adoption assistance were approximately $6.7 billion.
(g) Unemployment compensation programs (Titles III,
IX, and XII)—These titles authorize the Federal-State un-
employment compensation program and the permanent ex-
tended benefits program. In fiscal year 2012, an estimated
$68.0 billion was paid in unemployment compensation,
with approximately 8.3 million workers receiving their
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(h) Social services (Title XX)—Title XX authorizes the
Federal Government to reimburse the States for money
spent to provide persons with various services. Generally,
the specific services provided are determined by each
State. In fiscal year 2012, $1.7 billion was appropriated.
These funds are allocated on the basis of population.
(4) Trade and tariff legislation—The Committee on Ways and
Means has responsibility over legislation relating to tariffs, im-
port trade, and trade negotiations. In the early days of the Re-
public, tariff and customs receipts were major sources of rev-
enue for the Federal Government. As the Committee with ju-
risdiction over revenue-raising measures, the Committee on
Ways and Means thus evolved as the primary Committee re-
sponsible for international trade policy.
The Constitution vests the power to levy tariffs and to regulate
international commerce specifically in the Congress as one of its
enumerated powers. Statutes including the Reciprocal Trade Agree-
ments Acts beginning in 1934, Trade Expansion Act of 1962, Trade
Act of 1974, Trade Agreements Act of 1979, Trade and Tariff Act
of 1984, Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, North
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Implementation Act,
Uruguay Round Agreements Act, Trade Act of 2002, and other leg-
islation implementing U.S. obligations under trade agreements im-
plementing bills provide the basis for U.S. bargaining with other
countries and the means to achieve the mutual reduction of tariff
and nontariff trade barriers under reciprocal trade agreements.
The Committee’s jurisdiction includes the following authorities
and programs:
(a) The tariff schedules and all tariff preference programs,
such as the General System of Preferences, the Caribbean
Basin Initiative, the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, the
Andean Trade Preferences Act, and the Haitian Hemispheric
Opportunity through Growth Act;
(b) Laws dealing with unfair trade practices, including the
antidumping law, countervailing duty law, section 301, and
section 337;
(c) Other laws dealing with import trade, including section
201 (escape clause), section 232 national security controls, sec-
tion 22 agricultural restrictions, international commodity
agreements, textile restrictions under section 204, and any
other restrictions or sanctions affecting imports;
(d) General and specific trade negotiating authority, as well
as implementing authority for trade agreements and the grant
of normal-trade-relations (NTR) status;
(e) Trade Adjustment Assistance programs for workers,
firms, farmers, and communities;
(f) Customs administration and enforcement, including rules
of origin and country-of origin marking, customs classification,
customs valuation, customs user fees, and U.S. participation in
the World Customs Organization (WCO);
(g) Trade and customs revenue functions of the Department
of Homeland Security and the Department of the Treasury.
(h) Authorization of the budget for the International Trade
Commission (ITC), functions of the Department of Homeland
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Security under the Committee’s jurisdiction (including the Bu-
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reaus of Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Immigra-
tion and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and the Office of the
U.S. Trade Representative (USTR).
D. REVENUE ORIGINATING PREROGATIVE OF THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES
The Constitutional Convention debated adopting the British
model in which the House of Lords could not amend revenue legis-
lation sent to it from the House of Commons. Eventually, however,
the Convention proposed and the States later ratified the Constitu-
tion providing that ‘‘All bills for raising revenue shall originate in
the House of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or con-
cur with amendments as on other bills.’’ (Article 1, Section 7,
clause 1.)
In order to pass constitutional scrutiny under this ‘‘origination
clause,’’ a tax bill must be passed first by the House of Representa-
tives. After the House has completed action on a bill and approved
it by a majority vote, the bill is transmitted to the Senate for for-
mal action. The Senate may have already reviewed issues raised by
the bill before its transmission. For example, the Senate Committee
on Finance frequently holds hearings on tax legislative proposals
before the legislation embodying those proposals is transmitted
from the House of Representatives. On occasion, the Senate will
consider a revenue bill in the form of a Senate or ‘‘S.’’ bill, and then
await passage of a revenue ‘‘H.R.’’ bill from the House. The Senate
then will add or substitute provisions of the ‘‘S.’’ bill as an amend-
ment to the ‘‘H.R.’’ bill and send the ‘‘H.R.’’ bill back to the House
of Representatives for its concurrence or for conference on the dif-
fering provisions.
E. THE HOUSE’S EXERCISE OF ITS CONSTITUTIONAL PREROGATIVE:
‘‘BLUE SLIPPING’’
When a Senate bill or amendment to a House bill infringes on
the constitutional prerogative of the House to originate revenue
measures, that infringement may be raised in the House as a mat-
ter of privilege. That privilege has also been asserted on a Senate
amendment to a House amendment to a Senate bill (see 96th Con-
gress, 1st Session, November 8, 1979, Congressional Record p.
H10425).
Note that the House in its sole discretion may determine that
legislation passed by the Senate infringes on its prerogative to
originate revenue legislation. In the absence of such determination
by the House, the Federal courts are occasionally asked to rule a
certain revenue measure to be unconstitutional as not having origi-
nated in the House (see U.S. v. Munoz-Flores, 495 U.S. 385 (1990).
Senate bills or amendments to non-revenue bills infringe on the
House’s prerogative even if they do not raise or reduce revenue.
Such infringements are referred to as ‘‘revenue affecting.’’ Thus,
any import ban which could result in lost customs tariffs must
originate in the House (100th Congress, 1st Session, July 30, 1987
100th Congress, 2nd Session, June 16, 1988, Congressional Record
p. H4356). Offending bills and amendments are returned to the
Senate through the passage in the House of a House Resolution
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House, contravenes the first clause of the seventh section of the
first article of the Constitution of the United States and is an in-
fringement of the privilege of the House and that such bill be re-
spectfully returned to the Senate with a message communicating
this resolution’’ (e.g., 100th Congress, 1st Session, July 30, 1987,
Congressional Record p. H6808). This practice is referred to as
‘‘blue slipping’’ because the resolution returning the offending bill
to the Senate is printed on blue paper. In other cases, the Com-
mittee of the Whole House has passed a similar or identical House
bill in lieu of a Senate bill or amendment (e.g., 91st Congress, 2nd
Congress, May 11, 1970, Congressional Record pp. H14951–14960).
The Committee on Ways and Means has also reported bills to the
House which were approved and sent to the Senate in lieu of Sen-
ate bills (e.g., 93rd Congress, 1st Session, November 6, 1973, Con-
gressional Record pp. 36006–36008). In other cases, the Senate has
substituted a House bill or delayed action on its own legislation to
await a proper revenue affecting bill or amendment from the House
(see 95th Congress, 2nd Session, September 22, 1978, Congres-
sional Record p. H30960; January 22, 1980, Congressional Record
p. S107).
Any Member may offer a resolution seeking to invoke Article I,
Section 7. However, the determination that a bill violates the Origi-
nation Clause has been traditionally made by Members of the Com-
mittee on Ways and Means, and the resolution has been offered by
the Chairman or another Member of the Committee on Ways and
Means. Because Article I, Section 7 involves the privileges of the
House, a blue-slip resolution offered by the Chairman or other
Members of the Committee on Ways and Means has been typically
adopted by voice vote on the House Floor. There have been in-
stances where the House has agreed to not deal directly with the
issue by tabling a resolution.2 3
On July 24, 2018, through House Resolution 1019, Chairman
Brady raised a question of the privileges of the House as the con-
ference report accompanying H.R. 5515, to authorize appropriations
for fiscal year 2019 for military activities of the Department of De-
fense, for military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for
other purposes contravened the first clause of the seventh section
of the first article of the Constitution of the United States and was
an infringement of the privileges of this House. House Resolution
1019 was agreed to without objection, and H.R. 5515 was therefore
recommitted to the Committee on Conference. House Resolution
1019 marked the first time the House adopted a resolution that as-
sessed a committee on conference had ‘‘originated’’ a revenue meas-
ure.
In the 116th Congress, the House did not formally raise a ques-
tion of its privileges as relating to the origination clause of the
United States Constitution. However, the House Ways and Means
Committee worked closely with the House Leadership and mem-
bers of the Senate to address constitutional infirmities in Senate
2 In cases where the Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means did not believe that
the bill in question violated the Origination Clause or the objection had been dealt with in an-
other manner, resolutions offered by other Members of the House have been tabled. [See adop-
tion of motion by Representative Rostenkowski to table H. Res. 571, 97 2, p. 22127.]
3 This was an instance where the Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means raised a
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question of the privilege of the House pursuant to Article I, Section 7, of the U.S. Constitution
on H.R. 4516, Legislative Branch Appropriations. The motion was laid on the table.
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originated provisions before measures were subject to blue slip pro-
cedures. For example, the House Ways and Means Committee
worked with the other Chamber to address offending provisions in
both the 2020 and 2021 National Defense Authorizations Acts.
S. 1790, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2020, passed the Senate on June 27, 2019 and was held at the desk
in the House. The House Ways and Means Committee identified a
revenue provision within Title LXIX, Otto Warmbier Banking Re-
strictions Involving North Korea Act of 2019, which imposed a new
requirement on the President for the waiver of certain sanctions
under the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Act of 2016. While the
Senate had included an exception for the importation of goods, it
was determined that the drafting did not effectively insulate the
bill from constitutional scrutiny. Upon learning of this deficiency,
the Senate requested the return of the papers and the House com-
plied with the request. The Senate subsequently amended S. 1790
(S. Amdt 938) by unanimous consent to remove the revenue provi-
sions and sent the amended bill to the House. The House deter-
mined that S. 1790 as amended by S. Amdt 938 did not violate the
origination clause of the United States Constitution.
On November 16, 2020 the Senate passed by voice vote H.R.
6395, National Defense Authorization Act of 2021 with an amend-
ment in a nature of a substitute inserting the provisions of S. 4049
as passed by the Senate on July 23, 2020, with an amendment. The
text of the amendment in a nature of a substitute omitted sections
3158 and 8159 that had appeared in Senate engrossed S. 4049.
These two provisions regarding the extension and expansion of lim-
itations on uranium were deemed as offending revenue provisions
and if added as a Senate amendment to H.R. 6395 would have vio-
lated the origination clause of the United States Constitution. With
the omission of these two provisions in the Senate amendment, the
package was not subject to formal blue slip procedures and H.R.
6395 proceeded to conference.
Appendix II. Statistical Review of the Activities of the
Committee on Ways and Means
A. NUMBER OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS REFERRED TO THE
COMMITTEE
During the 116th Congress, through December 28, 2020, a total
of 1,727 bills were referred to the Committee, representing 10.4
percent of all the public bills introduced in the House of Represent-
atives.
The following table gives a more complete statistical review since
1967.
TABLE 1—NUMBER OF BILLS AND RESOLUTION REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE 90TH THROUGH
116TH CONGRESS
Introduced in House Referred to Committee Percentage
90th Congress ..................................................................................... 24,227 3,806 15.7
91st Congress ..................................................................................... 23,575 3,442 14.6
92nd Congress .................................................................................... 20,458 3,157 15.4
93rd Congress ..................................................................................... 21,096 3,370 16
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94th Congress ..................................................................................... 19,371 3,747 19.3
95th Congress ..................................................................................... 17,800 3,922 22
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TABLE 1—NUMBER OF BILLS AND RESOLUTION REFERRED TO THE COMMITTEE 90TH THROUGH
116TH CONGRESS—Continued
Introduced in House Referred to Committee Percentage
96th Congress ..................................................................................... 10,196 2,337 22.9
97th Congress ..................................................................................... 9,909 2,377 26.4
98th Congress ..................................................................................... 8,104 1,904 23.5
99th Congress ..................................................................................... 7,522 1,568 20.8
100th Congress ................................................................................... 7,043 1,419 22.1
101st Congress ................................................................................... 7,640 1,737 22.7
102nd Congress .................................................................................. 7,771 1,972 25.4
103rd Congress ................................................................................... 6,645 1,496 22.5
104th Congress ................................................................................... 5,329 1,071 20.1
105th Congress ................................................................................... 5,976 1,509 25.2
106th Congress ................................................................................... 6,942 1,762 25.3
107th Congress ................................................................................... 7,029 1,941 27.6
108th Congress ................................................................................... 6,953 1,541 22.2
109th Congress ................................................................................... 8,152 2,152 26.4
110th Congress ................................................................................... 9,319 2,386 25.6
111th Congress ................................................................................... 8,780 1,764 20.1
112th Congress ................................................................................... 7,842 2,581 32.9
113th Congress ................................................................................... 15,908 1,380 8.7
114th Congress ................................................................................... 6,529 1,559 23.9
115th Congress ................................................................................... 8,856 1,497 16.9
116th Congress ................................................................................... 16,587 1,727 10.4
B. NUMBER AND FINAL STATUS OF BILLS REPORTED FROM THE
COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS IN THE 116TH CONGRESS
During the 116th Congress, the Committee reported to the House
a total of 31 bills favorably. There were 10 bills containing provi-
sions within the purview of the Committee that were passed by the
House; 10 were enacted into law. This is not indicative of the total
number of bills considered by the Committee.
Appendix III. Chairmen of the Committee on Ways and
Means and Membership of the Committee from the 1st
through the 116th Congresses
A. CHAIRMEN OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS, 1789 TO
PRESENT
Name State Party Term of Service
Thomas Fitzsimons .......................... Pennsylvania ...................... Federalist .................................. 1789
William L. Smith .............................. South Carolina ................... Federalist .................................. 1794 to 1797
Robert G. Harper ............................. South Carolina ................... Federalist .................................. 1797 to 1800
Roger Griswold ................................ Connecticut ........................ Federalist .................................. 1800 to 1801
John Randolph ................................. Virginia .............................. Jeffersonian Republican ........... 1801 to 1805, 1827
Joseph Clay ...................................... Pennsylvania ...................... Jeffersonian Republican ........... 1805 to 1807
George W. Campbell ........................ Tennessee .......................... Jeffersonian Republican ........... 1807 to 1809
John W. Eppes ................................. Virginia .............................. Jeffersonian Republican ........... 1809 to 1811
Ezekiel Bacon .................................. Massachusetts ................... Jeffersonian Republican ........... 1811 to 1812
Langdon Cheves .............................. South Carolina ................... Jeffersonian Republican ........... 1812 to 1813
John W. Eppes ................................. Virginia .............................. Jeffersonian Republican ........... 1813 to 1815
William Lowndes .............................. South Carolina ................... Jeffersonian Republican ........... 1815 to 1818
Samuel Smith .................................. Maryland ............................ Jeffersonian Republican ........... 1818 to 1822
Louis McLane ................................... Delaware ............................ Jeffersonian Republican ........... 1822 to 1827
George McDuffie .............................. South Carolina ................... Democrat .................................. 1827 to 1832
Gulian C. Verplanck ........................ New York ............................ Democrat .................................. 1832 to 1833
James K. Polk .................................. Tennessee .......................... Democrat .................................. 1833 to 1835
C. C. Cambreleng ............................ New York ............................ Democrat .................................. 1835 to 1839
John W. Jones .................................. Virginia .............................. Democrat .................................. 1839 to 1841
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Millard Fillmore ............................... New York ............................ Whig ......................................... 1841 to 1843
James Iver McKay ............................ North Carolina ................... Democrat .................................. 1843 to 1847
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Name State Party Term of Service
Samuel F. Vinton ............................. Ohio ................................... Whig ......................................... 1847 to 1849
Thomas H. Bayly .............................. Virginia .............................. Democrat .................................. 1849 to 1851
George S. Houston ........................... Alabama ............................ Democrat .................................. 1851 to 1855
Lewis D. Campbell .......................... Ohio ................................... Republican ............................... 1855 to 1857
J. Glancy Jones ................................ Pennsylvania ...................... Democrat .................................. 1857 to 1858
John S. Phelps ................................. Missouri ............................. Democrat .................................. 1858 to 1859
John Sherman .................................. Ohio ................................... Republican ............................... 1859 to 1861
Thaddeus Stevens ........................... Pennsylvania ...................... Republican ............................... 1861 to 1865
Justin S. Morrill ............................... Vermont ............................. Republican ............................... 1865 to 1867
Robert C. Schneck ........................... Ohio ................................... Republican ............................... 1867 to 1871
Samuel D. Hooper ............................ Massachusetts ................... Republican ............................... 1871
Henry L. Dawes ................................ Massachusetts ................... Republican ............................... 1871 to 1875
William R. Morrison ......................... Illinois ................................ Democrat .................................. 1875 to 1877
Fernando Wood ................................ New York ............................ Democrat .................................. 1877 to 1881
John R. Tucker ................................. Virginia .............................. Democrat .................................. 1881
William D. Kelley ............................. Pennsylvania ...................... Republican ............................... 1881 to 1883
William R. Morrison ......................... Illinois ................................ Democrat .................................. 1883 to 1887
Roger Q. Mills .................................. Texas .................................. Democrat .................................. 1887 to 1889
William McKinley, Jr. ....................... Ohio ................................... Republican ............................... 1889 to 1891
William M. Springer ......................... Illinois ................................ Democrat .................................. 1891 to 1893
William L. Wilson ............................. West Virginia ..................... Democrat .................................. 1893 to 1895
Nelson Dingley, Jr. ........................... Maine ................................. Republican ............................... 1895 to 1899
Sereno E. Payne ............................... New York ............................ Republican ............................... 1899 to 1911
Oscar W. Underwood ....................... Alabama ............................ Democrat .................................. 1911 to 1915
Claude Kitchin ................................. North Carolina ................... Democrat .................................. 1915 to 1919
Joseph W. Fordney ........................... Michigan ............................ Republican ............................... 1919 to 1923
William R. Green ............................. Iowa ................................... Republican ............................... 1923 to 1928
Willis C. Hawley ............................... Oregon ............................... Republican ............................... 1929 to 1931
James W. Collier .............................. Mississippi ......................... Democrat .................................. 1931 to 1933
Robert L. Doughton ......................... North Carolina ................... Democrat .................................. 1933 to 1947, 1949
Harold Knutson ................................ Minnesota .......................... Republican ............................... 1947 to 1949
Daniel A. Reed ................................. New York ............................ Republican ............................... 1953 to 1955
Jere Cooper ...................................... Tennessee .......................... Democrat .................................. 1955 to 1957
Wilbur D. Mills ................................. Arkansas ............................ Democrat .................................. 1957 to 1975
Al Ullman ......................................... Oregon ............................... Democrat .................................. 1975 to 1981
Dan Rostenkowski ........................... Illinois ................................ Democrat .................................. 1981 to 1994
Sam Gibbons, Acting Chairman ...... Florida ................................ Democrat .................................. 1994 to 1995
Bill Archer ........................................ Texas .................................. Republican ............................... 1995 to 2001
William W. Thomas .......................... California ........................... Republican ............................... 2001 to 2007
Charles B. Rangel ........................... New York ............................ Democrat .................................. 2007 to 2010
Sander M. Levin, Acting Chairman Michigan ............................ Democrat .................................. 2010 to 2011
Dave Camp ...................................... Michigan ............................ Republican ............................... 2011 to 2015
Paul Ryan ........................................ Wisconsin ........................... Republican ............................... 2015
Kevin Brady ..................................... Texas .................................. Republican ............................... 2015 to 2018
Richard E. Neal ............................... Massachusetts ................... Democrat .................................. 2019 to Present
A. TABLES SHOWING MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMITTEE
MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS FROM THE 1ST
THROUGH THE 116TH CONGRESS, BY STATE
[Beginning with the 104th Congress, Intra-Congress Committee
Membership changes are footnoted]
MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
Alabama:
John McKinley ..................................................................................................................... 23
David Hubbard ................................................................................................................... 26
Dixon H. Lewis .................................................................................................................... 27–28
George S. Houston .............................................................................................................. 29–30, 32–33
James F. Dowdell ................................................................................................................ 35
Hilary A. Herbert ................................................................................................................. 48
Joseph Wheeler ................................................................................................................... 53–55
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Oscar W. Underwood .......................................................................................................... 56, 59–63
Ronnie G. Flippo ................................................................................................................. 98–101
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
Arthur Davis ....................................................................................................................... 110–111
Terri Sewell ......................................................................................................................... 115–
Arizona:
J.D. Hayworth ...................................................................................................................... 105–109
David Schweikert ................................................................................................................ 15–
Arkansas:
James K. Jones ................................................................................................................... 48
Clifton R. Breckinridge ....................................................................................................... 49–51, 53
William A. Oldfield ............................................................................................................. 64–70
Heartsill Ragon ................................................................................................................... 70–73
William J. Driver ................................................................................................................. 72
Claude A. Fuller .................................................................................................................. 73–75
Wilbur D. Mills .................................................................................................................... 77–94
Jim Guy Tucker, Jr .............................................................................................................. 94
Beryl Anthony, Jr ................................................................................................................. 95
Tim Griffin .......................................................................................................................... 113
California:
Joseph McKenna ................................................................................................................. 51–52
Victor H. Metcalf ................................................................................................................ 57–58
James C. Needham ............................................................................................................. 58–62
William H. Evans ................................................................................................................ 73
Frank H. Buck ..................................................................................................................... 74–77
Bertrand W. Gearhart ......................................................................................................... 76–80
Cecil R. King ...................................................................................................................... 78–79, 81–90
James B. Utt ....................................................................................................................... 83, 86–91
James C. Corman ............................................................................................................... 90–96
Jerry L. Pettis ...................................................................................................................... 91–94
William M. Ketchum ........................................................................................................... 94–95
Fortney Pete Stark .............................................................................................................. 94–112
John H. Rousselot ............................................................................................................... 95–97
Robert T. Matsui ................................................................................................................. i 97–104
William M. Thomas ............................................................................................................. 98–109
Wally Herger ....................................................................................................................... 103–112
Xavier Becerra .................................................................................................................... 103–114
Mike Thompson ................................................................................................................... 109–
Devin Nunes ....................................................................................................................... ii 109–
Linda Sánchez .................................................................................................................... 113–
Judy Chu ............................................................................................................................. iii 115–
Colorado:
Robert W. Bonynge ............................................................................................................. 60
Charles B. Timberlake ........................................................................................................ 66–72
John A. Carroll .................................................................................................................... 81
Donald G. Brotzman ........................................................................................................... 92–93
George H. ‘‘Hank’’ Brown ................................................................................................... 100–101
Scott McInnis ...................................................................................................................... 106–108
Bob Beauprez ..................................................................................................................... 109
Connecticut:
Jeremiah Watson ................................................................................................................ 1
Uriah Tracy ......................................................................................................................... 3
James Hillhouse .................................................................................................................. 4
Nathaniel Smith ................................................................................................................. 4–5
Joshua Coit ......................................................................................................................... 5
Roger Griswold ................................................................................................................... 5–8
John Davenport ................................................................................................................... 8
Jonathon O. Moseley ........................................................................................................... 9, 14, 16
Benjamin Tallmadge .......................................................................................................... 10–11
Timothy Pitkin ..................................................................................................................... 12–13, 15
Ralph I. Ingersoll ................................................................................................................ 21–22
Samuel D. Hubbard ............................................................................................................ 30
James Phelps ...................................................................................................................... 45–46
Charles A. Russel ............................................................................................................... 54–57
Ebenezer J. Hill ................................................................................................................... 58–62, 64–65
John Q. Tilson ..................................................................................................................... 66–68
Antoni N. Sadlak ................................................................................................................ 83–85
William R. Cotter ................................................................................................................ 94–97
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Barbara B. Kennelly ........................................................................................................... 98–105
Nancy L. Johnson ................................................................................................................ 101–109
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
John B. Larson .................................................................................................................... 109–
Delaware:
John Vining ......................................................................................................................... 1
Henry Latimer ..................................................................................................................... 3
John Patten ......................................................................................................................... 4
James A. Bayard, Sr ........................................................................................................... 5, 7
Caesar A. Rodney ............................................................................................................... 8
Louis McLane ...................................................................................................................... 16–19
Florida:
A. S. Herlong, Jr ................................................................................................................. 84–90
Sam M. Gibbons ................................................................................................................. 91–104
L. A. ‘‘Skip’’ Bafalis ........................................................................................................... 94–97
E. Clay Shaw, Jr ................................................................................................................. 100–109
Karen L. Thurman ............................................................................................................... 105–107
Mark Foley .......................................................................................................................... iv 104–109
Kendrick Meek .................................................................................................................... 110–111
Ginny Brown-Waite ............................................................................................................. 111
Vern Buchanan ................................................................................................................... 112–
Carlos Curbelo .................................................................................................................... 115
Stephanie Murphy ............................................................................................................... 116
Georgia:
James Jackson .................................................................................................................... 1
Abraham Baldwin ............................................................................................................... 3–5
Benjamin Taliaferro ............................................................................................................ 6
John Milledge ...................................................................................................................... 7
David Meriwether ................................................................................................................ 8–9
William W. Bibb .................................................................................................................. 12–13
Joel Abbott .......................................................................................................................... 15
Joel Crawford ...................................................................................................................... 15–16
Wiley Thompson .................................................................................................................. 17–18
George R. Gilmer ................................................................................................................ 20
Richard H. Wilde ................................................................................................................ 22–23
George W. Owens ................................................................................................................ 24–25
Charles E. Haynes .............................................................................................................. 25
Mark A. Cooper ................................................................................................................... 26
Absalom H. Chappell .......................................................................................................... 28
Seaborn Jones ..................................................................................................................... 29
Robert Toombs .................................................................................................................... 30–31
Alexander H. Stephens ....................................................................................................... 31–31, 33
Marshall J. Wellborn ........................................................................................................... 31
Howell Cobb ........................................................................................................................ 34
Martin J. Crawford .............................................................................................................. 35–36
Benjamin H. Hill ................................................................................................................. 44
Henry R. Harris ................................................................................................................... 45, 49
William H. Felton ................................................................................................................ 46
Emory Speer ........................................................................................................................ 47
James H. Blount ................................................................................................................. 48
Henry G. Turner .................................................................................................................. 50–54
Charles F. Crisp ................................................................................................................. 54
James M. Griggs ................................................................................................................. 60–61
William G. Brantley ............................................................................................................ 61–62
Charles R. Crisp ................................................................................................................. 64–72
Albert S. Camp ................................................................................................................... 78–83
Phillip M. Landrum ............................................................................................................. 89–94
Ed Jenkins .......................................................................................................................... 95–102
Wyche Fowler, Jr ................................................................................................................. 96–99
John Lewis .......................................................................................................................... v 103–116
Mac Collins ......................................................................................................................... 104–108
John Linder ......................................................................................................................... 109–111
Tom Price ............................................................................................................................ vi 112–115
Drew Ferguson .................................................................................................................... 115–
Hawaii:
Cecil ‘‘Cec’’ Heftel .............................................................................................................. 96–99
Illinois:
Daniel P. Cook .................................................................................................................... 19
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John A. McClernand ............................................................................................................ 37
John Wentworth .................................................................................................................. 39
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
John A. Logan ..................................................................................................................... 40
Samuel S. Marshall ............................................................................................................ 41
Horatio C. Burchard ........................................................................................................... 42–45
William R. Morrison ............................................................................................................ 44, 46–49
William M. Springer ............................................................................................................ 52
Albert J. Hopkins ................................................................................................................ 52–57
Henry S. Boutell .................................................................................................................. 58–61
Henry T. Rainey .................................................................................................................. 62–66, 68–72
John A. Sterling .................................................................................................................. 65
Ira C. Copley ....................................................................................................................... 66–67
Carl R. Chindblom .............................................................................................................. 68–72
Chester C. Thompson ......................................................................................................... 74–75
Raymond S. McKeough ....................................................................................................... 76–77
Charles S. Dewey ................................................................................................................ 78
Thomas J. O’Brien .............................................................................................................. 79, 81–88
Noah M. Mason .................................................................................................................. 80–87
Harold C. Collier ................................................................................................................. 88–93
Dan Rostenkowski .............................................................................................................. 88–103
Abner J. Mikva .................................................................................................................... 94–96
Philip M. Crane .................................................................................................................. 94–108
Marty Russo ........................................................................................................................ 96–102
Mel Reynolds ...................................................................................................................... 103
Jerry Weller ......................................................................................................................... 105–110
Rahm Emanuel ................................................................................................................... 109–110
Danny K. Davis ................................................................................................................... 111, 113–
Peter Roskam ..................................................................................................................... 111
Aaron Schock ...................................................................................................................... 112–114
Robert J. Dold ..................................................................................................................... 114
Darin LaHood ...................................................................................................................... vii115–
Brad Schneider ................................................................................................................... 116–
Indiana:
David Wallace ..................................................................................................................... 27
Cyrus L. Dunham ................................................................................................................ 32
William E. Niblack .............................................................................................................. 40, 43
Godlove S. Orth .................................................................................................................. 41
Michael C. Kerr ................................................................................................................... 42
Thomas M. Browne ............................................................................................................. 48–50
William D. Bynum ............................................................................................................... 50, 53
Benjamin F. Shively ............................................................................................................ 52
George W. Steele ................................................................................................................ 54–57
James E. Watson ................................................................................................................ 58–60
Edgar D. Crumpacker ......................................................................................................... 60–61
Lincoln Dixon ...................................................................................................................... 62–65
Harry C. Canfield ................................................................................................................ 71–72
John W. Boehne, Jr ............................................................................................................. 73–77
Robert A. Grant .................................................................................................................. 80
Andy Jacobs, Jr ................................................................................................................... 94–104
Chris Chocola ..................................................................................................................... 109
Todd Young ......................................................................................................................... 113–114
Jackie Walorski ................................................................................................................... 115–
Iowa:
John A. Kasson ................................................................................................................... 38, 43, 47–48
William B. Allison ............................................................................................................... 39–41
John H. Gear ....................................................................................................................... 51, 53
Jonathon P. Dolliver ............................................................................................................ 54–56
William R. Green ................................................................................................................ 63–70
C. William Ramseyer .......................................................................................................... 70–71
Otha D. Wearin ................................................................................................................... 75
Lloyd Thurston .................................................................................................................... 75
Thomas E. Martin ............................................................................................................... 80–83
Fred Grandy ........................................................................................................................ 102–103
Jim Nussel .......................................................................................................................... 104–109
Kansas:
Dudley C. Haskell ............................................................................................................... 47
Chester I. Long ................................................................................................................... 56–57
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Charles Curtis .................................................................................................................... 58–59
William A. Calderhead ........................................................................................................ 60–61
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
Victor Murdock .................................................................................................................... 63
Guy T. Helvering ................................................................................................................. 64–65
Frank Carlson ..................................................................................................................... 76–79
Martha E. Keys ................................................................................................................... 94–95
Lynn Jenkins ....................................................................................................................... 112–115
Ron Estes ........................................................................................................................... 115–
Kentucky:
Alexander D. Orr ................................................................................................................. 3
Christopher Greenup ........................................................................................................... 4
Thomas T. Davis ................................................................................................................. 5
John Boyle ........................................................................................................................... 8
Richard M. Johnson ............................................................................................................ 11–12
Thomas Montgomery ........................................................................................................... 13
David Trimble ..................................................................................................................... 15–16
Nathan Gaither ................................................................................................................... 22
John Pope ........................................................................................................................... 25
Thomas F. Marshall ............................................................................................................ 27
Garrett Davis ...................................................................................................................... 28
Charles S. Morehead .......................................................................................................... 30–31
John C. Breckinridge .......................................................................................................... 33
Robert Mallory .................................................................................................................... 38
James B. Beck .................................................................................................................... 42–43
Henry Watterson ................................................................................................................. 44
John G. Carlisle .................................................................................................................. 46–47, 51
Joseph C.S. Blackburn ........................................................................................................ 48
William C.P. Breckinridge ................................................................................................... 49–50
Alexander B. Montgomery ................................................................................................... 52–53
Walter Evans ...................................................................................................................... 54–55
Ollie M. James .................................................................................................................... 62
Augustus O. Stanley ........................................................................................................... 63
Frederick M. Vinson ............................................................................................................ 72–75
Noble J. Gregory .................................................................................................................. 78–85
John C. Watts ..................................................................................................................... 86–92
Jim Bunning ....................................................................................................................... 102–105
Ron Lewis ........................................................................................................................... 106–110
Geoff Davis ......................................................................................................................... viii 110–112
Louisiana:
Thomas B. Robertson ......................................................................................................... 14
William L. Brent ................................................................................................................. 19–20
Walter H. Overton ............................................................................................................... 21
Lionel A. Sheldon ................................................................................................................ 43
Randall L. Gibson ............................................................................................................... 45–46
Charles J. Boatner .............................................................................................................. 54
Samuel F. Robertson .......................................................................................................... 55–59
Robert F. Boussard ............................................................................................................. 61
Whitmell P. Martin ............................................................................................................. 65–70
Paul H. Mahoney ................................................................................................................ 76, 78–79
Thomas Hale Boggs, Sr ...................................................................................................... 81–91
Joe D. Waggonner, Jr .......................................................................................................... 92–95
W. Henson Moore III ........................................................................................................... 96–99
William J. Jefferson ............................................................................................................ 103, ix 105–109
Jim McCrery ........................................................................................................................ 103–110
Jimmy Hayes ....................................................................................................................... x 104
Charles W. Boustany, Jr ..................................................................................................... 111–114
Cedric Richmond ................................................................................................................ xi 116
Maine:
Peleg Sprague .................................................................................................................... 19–20
Francis O.J. Smith .............................................................................................................. 24
George Evans ...................................................................................................................... 26
Israel Washburn, Jr ............................................................................................................ 36
James G. Blaine ................................................................................................................. 44
William P. Frye ................................................................................................................... 46
Thomas B. Reed ................................................................................................................. 48–50, 52–53
Nelson Dingley, Jr ............................................................................................................... 51, 54–55
Daniel J. McGillicuddy ........................................................................................................ 64
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Maryland:
William Smith ..................................................................................................................... 1
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
Gabriel Christie .................................................................................................................. 3
William Vans Murray .......................................................................................................... 4
William Hindman ................................................................................................................ 4–5
William Craik ...................................................................................................................... 5
Joseph H. Nicholson ........................................................................................................... 6–9
Nicholas R. Moore .............................................................................................................. 8
Roger Nelson ...................................................................................................................... 9
John Montgomery ................................................................................................................ 10–11
Alexander McKim ................................................................................................................ 13
Stevenson Archer ................................................................................................................ 13
Samuel Smith ..................................................................................................................... 14–17
Isaac McKim ....................................................................................................................... 18, 23–25
Henry W. Davis ................................................................................................................... 34–36
Phillip F. Thomas ............................................................................................................... 44
David J. Lewis .................................................................................................................... 72–75
Rogers C.B. Morton ............................................................................................................ 91–92
Benjamin L. Cardin ............................................................................................................ 101–109
Massachusetts:
Elbridge Gerry ..................................................................................................................... 1
Fisher Ames ........................................................................................................................ 3
Theodore Sedgwick ............................................................................................................. 4
Theophilus Bradbury ........................................................................................................... 4
Harrison Gray Otis .............................................................................................................. 5–6
Samuel Sewall .................................................................................................................... 5
Isaac Parker ....................................................................................................................... 5
Bailey Bartlett .................................................................................................................... 6
Nathan Read ...................................................................................................................... 7
Seth Hastings ..................................................................................................................... 8
Josiah Quincy ...................................................................................................................... 9
Ezekial Bacon ..................................................................................................................... 11–12
Ebenezer Seaver ................................................................................................................. 11
Henry Shaw ......................................................................................................................... 16
Henry W. Dwight ................................................................................................................. 19–21
Benjamin Gorham ............................................................................................................... 23
Abbott Lawrence ................................................................................................................. 24, 26
Richard Fletcher ................................................................................................................. 25
George N. Briggs ................................................................................................................ 25
Leverett Saltonstall ............................................................................................................ 26
Robert C. Winthrop ............................................................................................................. 29
Charles Hudson .................................................................................................................. 30
George Ashmun .................................................................................................................. 31
William Appleton ................................................................................................................ 32–33, 37
Alexander De Witt ............................................................................................................... 34
Nathaniel P. Banks ............................................................................................................ 35, 45
Samuel Hooper ................................................................................................................... 37–41
Henry L. Dawes ................................................................................................................... 42–43
Chester W. Chapin ............................................................................................................. 44
William A. Russell .............................................................................................................. 47–48
Moses T. Stevens ................................................................................................................ 52–53
Samuel W. McCall .............................................................................................................. 56–62
Andrew J. Peters ................................................................................................................. 62–63
Augustus P. Gardner .......................................................................................................... 63–65
John T. Mitchell .................................................................................................................. 63
Allen T. Treadway ............................................................................................................... 65–78
Peter F. Tague .................................................................................................................... 67–68
John W. McCormack ........................................................................................................... 72–76
Arthur D. Healey ................................................................................................................. 77
Charles L. Gifford ............................................................................................................... 79–80
Angier L. Goodwin .............................................................................................................. 80, 82–83
James A. Burke ................................................................................................................... 87–95
James M. Shannon ............................................................................................................. 96–98
Brian J. Donnelly ................................................................................................................ 99–102
Richard E. Neal .................................................................................................................. 103–
Michigan:
William A. Howard .............................................................................................................. 34–36
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Austin Blair ........................................................................................................................ 41
Henry Waldron .................................................................................................................... 43
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
Omar D. Conger .................................................................................................................. 46
Jay A. Hubbell ..................................................................................................................... 47
William C. Maybury ............................................................................................................ 49
Julius C. Burrows ............................................................................................................... 50–53
Justin R. Whiting ................................................................................................................ 52–53
William A. Smith ................................................................................................................ 59
Joseph W. Fordney .............................................................................................................. 60–67
James C. McLaughlin ......................................................................................................... 68–72
Roy O. Woodruff .................................................................................................................. 73–82
John D. Dingell ................................................................................................................... 74–84
Victor A. Knox ..................................................................................................................... 83, 86–88
Thaddeus M. Machrowicz ................................................................................................... 84–87
Martha W. Griffiths ............................................................................................................ 87–93
Charles E. Chamberlain ..................................................................................................... 91–93
Richard F. Vander Veen ..................................................................................................... 93–94
Guy Vander Jagt ................................................................................................................. 94–102
William M. Brodhead .......................................................................................................... 95–97
Sander M. Levin ................................................................................................................. 100–
Dave Camp ......................................................................................................................... 103–113
Mike Bishop ........................................................................................................................ xii 115
Dan Kildee .......................................................................................................................... 116–
Minnesota:
Mark A. Dunnell .................................................................................................................. 46–47
James A. Tawney ................................................................................................................ 54–58
James T. McCleary .............................................................................................................. 59
Winfield S. Hammond ......................................................................................................... 62–63
Sydney Anderson ................................................................................................................. 63
Harold Knutson ................................................................................................................... 73–80
Eugene J. McCarthy ............................................................................................................ 84–85
Joseph E. Karth .................................................................................................................. 92–94
Bill Frenzel .......................................................................................................................... 94–101
Jim Ramstad ...................................................................................................................... 104–110
Erik Paulsen ....................................................................................................................... 111–115
Mississippi:
Jacob Thompson ................................................................................................................. 31
John Sharp Williams ........................................................................................................... 58–59
James W. Collier ................................................................................................................. 63–72
Aaron Lane Ford ................................................................................................................. 77
Missouri:
James S. Green ................................................................................................................... 31
John S. Phelps .................................................................................................................... 32–37
Henry T. Blow ..................................................................................................................... 38
John Hogan ......................................................................................................................... 39
Gustavus A. Finkelburg ...................................................................................................... 42
John C. Tarsney .................................................................................................................. 53–54
Seth W. Cobb ...................................................................................................................... 54
Champ Clark ...................................................................................................................... 58–61
Dorsey W. Shackleford ........................................................................................................ 62–63
Clement C. Dickinson ......................................................................................................... 63–66, 68–70, 72–73
Charles L. Faust ................................................................................................................. 69–70
Richard M. Duncan ............................................................................................................ 74–77
Thomas B. Curtis ............................................................................................................... 83–90
Frank M. Karsten ................................................................................................................ 84–90
Richard A. Gephardt ........................................................................................................... 95–101
Mel Hancock ....................................................................................................................... 103–104
Kenny Hulshof ..................................................................................................................... 105–110
Jason Smith ........................................................................................................................ 114–
Montana:
Lee W. Metcalf .................................................................................................................... 86
James F. Battin .................................................................................................................. 89–91
Nebraska:
William J. Bryan ................................................................................................................. 52–53
Charles H. Sloan ................................................................................................................ 63–65
Ashton C. Shallenberger ..................................................................................................... 73
Carl T. Curtis ...................................................................................................................... 79–83
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Hal Daub ............................................................................................................................ 99–100
Peter Hoagland ................................................................................................................... 103
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
Jon Christensen .................................................................................................................. 104–105
Adrian Smith ...................................................................................................................... 112–
Nevada:
Francis G. Newlands .......................................................................................................... 56–57
John Ensign ........................................................................................................................ 104–105
Jon Porter ............................................................................................................................ 109–110
Shelley Berkley .................................................................................................................... 110–112
Dean Heller ......................................................................................................................... xiii 111–112
Steven Horsford .................................................................................................................. 116–
New Hampshire:
Samuel Livermore ............................................................................................................... 1
Nicholas Gilman ................................................................................................................. 3–4
Abiel Foster ......................................................................................................................... 5
Nathaniel A. Haven ............................................................................................................ 11
Henry Hubbard .................................................................................................................... 23
Charles G. Atherton ............................................................................................................ 25–27
Moses Norris, Jr .................................................................................................................. 28–29
Harry Hibbard ..................................................................................................................... 31–33
Judd A. Gregg ..................................................................................................................... 99–100
New Jersey:
Lambert Cadwalader .......................................................................................................... 1
Elias Boudinot .................................................................................................................... 3
Isaac Smith ........................................................................................................................ 4
Thomas Sinnickson ............................................................................................................. 5
James H. Imlay ................................................................................................................... 6
William Coxe, Jr .................................................................................................................. 13
John L. N. Stratton ............................................................................................................. 37
William Hughes .................................................................................................................. 62
Isaac Bacharach ................................................................................................................ 66–74
Donald H. McLean .............................................................................................................. 76–78
Robert W. Kean ................................................................................................................... 78–85
Henry Helstoski ................................................................................................................... 94
Frank J. Guarini .................................................................................................................. 96–102
Dick Zimmer ....................................................................................................................... 104
Bill Pascrell ........................................................................................................................ 110–
New Mexico:
Clinton P. Anderson ............................................................................................................ 79
New York:
John Laurance .................................................................................................................... 1
John Watts .......................................................................................................................... 3
Ezekial Gilbert .................................................................................................................... 4
James Cochran ................................................................................................................... 5
Hezekiah L. Hosmer ............................................................................................................ 5
Jonas Platt .......................................................................................................................... 6
Killian K. Van Rensselaer ................................................................................................... 7
Joshua Sands ..................................................................................................................... 8
Erastus Root ....................................................................................................................... 11
John W. Taylor .................................................................................................................... 13
Jonathon Fisk ...................................................................................................................... 13
Thomas J. Oakley ................................................................................................................ 13
James W. Wilkin ................................................................................................................. 14
James Tallmadge, Jr ........................................................................................................... 15
Albert H. Tracy .................................................................................................................... 16
Nathaniel Pitcher ................................................................................................................ 17
Churchill C. Cambreleng .................................................................................................... 17–18, 23–25
Dudley Marvin ..................................................................................................................... 19
Gulian C. Verplanck ........................................................................................................... 20–22
Aaron Vanderpoel ............................................................................................................... 26
Millard Filmore ................................................................................................................... 27
Daniel D. Barnard .............................................................................................................. 28
David L. Seymour ............................................................................................................... 28
George O. Rathbun ............................................................................................................. 28
Orville Hungerford .............................................................................................................. 29
Henry Nicoll ........................................................................................................................ 30
James Brooks ...................................................................................................................... 31–32, 39–40, 42
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William Duer ....................................................................................................................... 31
Solomon G. Haven .............................................................................................................. 33
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
Russell Sage ....................................................................................................................... 34
John Kelly ............................................................................................................................ 35
William B. MacLay .............................................................................................................. ........................................
Elbridge G. Spaulding ........................................................................................................ 36–37
Erastus Corning .................................................................................................................. 37
Reuben E. Fenton ............................................................................................................... 38
De Witt C. Littlejohn ........................................................................................................... 38
Henry G. Stebbins ............................................................................................................... 38
John V. L. Pruyn ................................................................................................................. 38
Roscoe Conkling ................................................................................................................. 39
Charles H. Winfield ............................................................................................................ 39
John A. Griswold ................................................................................................................. 40
Dennis McCarthy ................................................................................................................ 41
Ellis H. Roberts .................................................................................................................. 42–43
Fernando Wood ................................................................................................................... 43–46
Abram S. Hewitt ................................................................................................................. 48–49
Frank Hiscock ..................................................................................................................... 48–49
Sereno E. Payne .................................................................................................................. 51–63
Roswell P. Flower ............................................................................................................... 51
William B. Cochran ............................................................................................................ 52–53, 58–60
George B. McClellan ........................................................................................................... 55–58
John W. Dwight ................................................................................................................... 61
Francis B. Harrison ............................................................................................................ 61–63
Michael F. Conry ................................................................................................................. 64
George W. Fairchild ............................................................................................................ 64–65
John F. Carew ..................................................................................................................... 65–71
Luther W. Mott .................................................................................................................... 66–67
Alanson B. Houghton .......................................................................................................... 67
Ogden L. Mills .................................................................................................................... 67–69
Frank Crowther ................................................................................................................... 68–77
Thaddeus C. Sweet ............................................................................................................. 70
Frederick M. Davenport ...................................................................................................... 70–71
Thomas H. Cullen ............................................................................................................... 71–78
Christopher D. Sullivan ...................................................................................................... 72–76
Daniel A. Reed .................................................................................................................... 73–86
Walter A. Lynch .................................................................................................................. 78–81
Eugene J. Keogh ................................................................................................................. 82–89
Albert H. Bosch .................................................................................................................. 86
Steven B. Derounin ............................................................................................................. 87–88
Barber B. Conable, Jr ......................................................................................................... 90–98
Jacob H. Gilbert .................................................................................................................. 90–91
Hugh L. Carey ..................................................................................................................... 91–93
Otis G. Pike ........................................................................................................................ 93–95
Charles B. Rangel .............................................................................................................. 94–114
Thomas J. Downey .............................................................................................................. 96–102
Raymond J. McGrath .......................................................................................................... 99–102
Michael R. McNulty ............................................................................................................ 103, xiv 104–110
Amo Houghton .................................................................................................................... 103–108
Thomas M. Reynolds .......................................................................................................... 109–110
Joseph Crowley ................................................................................................................... 110–115
Brian Higgins ..................................................................................................................... 111–
Christopher Lee .................................................................................................................. xv112
Tom Reed ............................................................................................................................ xvi112–
Tom Suozzi .......................................................................................................................... 116–
North Carolina:
William B. Grove ................................................................................................................. 3
Thomas Blount ................................................................................................................... 4–5
Robert Williams .................................................................................................................. 5
David Stone ........................................................................................................................ 6
James Holland .................................................................................................................... 7
Willis Alston ........................................................................................................................ 10–11, 13
William Gaston ................................................................................................................... 13–14
Abraham Rencher ............................................................................................................... 25, 27
Henry W. Conner ................................................................................................................. 26
James I. McKay ................................................................................................................... 28–30
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Edward Stanly .................................................................................................................... 32
William M. Robbins ............................................................................................................ 45
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
Edward W. Pou ................................................................................................................... 60–61
Claude Kitchin .................................................................................................................... 62–67
Robert L. Doughton ............................................................................................................ 69–82
James G. Martin ................................................................................................................. 94–98
Bob Etheridge ..................................................................................................................... 111
George Holding ................................................................................................................... 115–
North Dakota:
Martin N. Johnson .............................................................................................................. 54–55
George M. Young ................................................................................................................ 66–68
Byron L. Dorgan .................................................................................................................. 8–102
Earl Pomeroy ....................................................................................................................... 107–111
Rick Berg ............................................................................................................................ 112
Ohio:
William Creighton, Jr .......................................................................................................... 13
Thomas R. Ross ................................................................................................................. 16
Thomas Corwin ................................................................................................................... 23–24
Thomas L. Hamer ............................................................................................................... 25
Taylor Webster .................................................................................................................... 25
Samson Mason ................................................................................................................... 26–27
John B. Weller ..................................................................................................................... 28
Samuel F. Vinton ................................................................................................................ 29–31
Lewis B. Campbell ............................................................................................................. 34–35
John Sherman ..................................................................................................................... 36
Valentine B. Horton ............................................................................................................ 37
George B. Pendleton ........................................................................................................... 38
James A. Garfield ............................................................................................................... 39, 44–46
Robert C. Schenck .............................................................................................................. 40–41
Charles Foster .................................................................................................................... 43
Milton Sayler ....................................................................................................................... 45
William McKinley, Jr ........................................................................................................... 46–47, 49–51
Frank H. Hurd ..................................................................................................................... 48
Charles H. Grosvenor .......................................................................................................... 53–59
Nicholas Longworth ............................................................................................................ 60–62, 64–67
Timothy T. Ansberry ............................................................................................................ 62–63
Alfred G. Allen .................................................................................................................... 64
George White ...................................................................................................................... 65
Charles C. Kearns .............................................................................................................. 68–71
Charles F. West .................................................................................................................. 73
Thomas A. Jenkins .............................................................................................................. 73–85
Arthur P. Lamneck .............................................................................................................. 74–75
Stephen M. Young .............................................................................................................. 81
Jackson E. Betts ................................................................................................................. 86–92
Donald D. Clancy ................................................................................................................ 93–94
Charles A. Vanik ................................................................................................................. 89–96
Bill Gradison ....................................................................................................................... 95–103
Don J. Please ...................................................................................................................... 97–102
Rob Portman ....................................................................................................................... xvii 104–109
Stephanie Tubbs Jones ....................................................................................................... xviii 108–110
Pat Tiberi ............................................................................................................................ xix 110–115
Jim Renacci ........................................................................................................................ 113–115
Brad Wenstrup .................................................................................................................... xx 115
Oklahoma:
Thomas A. Chandler ........................................................................................................... 67
James V. McClintic ............................................................................................................. 73
Wesley E. Disney ................................................................................................................. 74–78
James R. Jones ................................................................................................................... 94–99
Bill K. Brewster .................................................................................................................. 103
Wes Watkins ....................................................................................................................... 105–107
Oregon:
William R. Ellis ................................................................................................................... 61
Willis C. Hawkley ................................................................................................................ 65–72
Albert C. Ullman ................................................................................................................. 87–96
Mike Kopetski ..................................................................................................................... 103
Earl Blumenauer ................................................................................................................. 110–
Pennsylvania:
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Thomas Fitzsimons ............................................................................................................. 1, 3
Albert Gallatin .................................................................................................................... 4–6
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
Henry Woods ....................................................................................................................... 6
John Smilie ......................................................................................................................... 6–7, 10–12
Joseph Clay ......................................................................................................................... 8–9
John Rea ............................................................................................................................. 11
Jonathon Roberts ................................................................................................................ 12–13
Samuel D. Ingham ............................................................................................................. 13–14, 18
John Sergeant ..................................................................................................................... 15, 25
John Tod ............................................................................................................................. 17
John Gilmore ....................................................................................................................... 21–22
Horace Binney ..................................................................................................................... 23
Richard Biddle .................................................................................................................... 26
Joseph R. Insersoll ............................................................................................................. 24, 27–29
James Pollock ..................................................................................................................... 30
Moses Hampton .................................................................................................................. 31
J. Glancy Jones ................................................................................................................... 32, 35
John Robbins ...................................................................................................................... 33
James H. Campbell ............................................................................................................ 34
Henry M. Phillips ................................................................................................................ 35
Thaddeus Stevens .............................................................................................................. 36–38
James K. Moorehead ........................................................................................................... 39–40
William D. Kelley ................................................................................................................ 41–50
Russell Errett ...................................................................................................................... 47
Samuel J. Randall .............................................................................................................. 47
William L. Scott .................................................................................................................. 50
Thomas M. Bayne ............................................................................................................... 51
John Dalzell ........................................................................................................................ 52–62
John J. Casey ...................................................................................................................... 64, 68
Henry W. Watson ................................................................................................................ 66–73
Harris J. Bixler .................................................................................................................... 69
Harry A. Estep .................................................................................................................... 70–72
Thomas C. Cochran ............................................................................................................ 73
Joshua T. Brooks ................................................................................................................ 74
Patrick J. Bolland ............................................................................................................... 76–77
Benjamin Jarrett ................................................................................................................. 76–77
James P. McGranery ........................................................................................................... 77–78
Herman P. Eberharter ......................................................................................................... 78–85
Richard M. Simpson ........................................................................................................... 78–86
William J. Green, Jr ............................................................................................................ 86–88
John A. Lafore, Jr ................................................................................................................ 86
Walter M. Mumma .............................................................................................................. 86–87
George M. Rhodes .............................................................................................................. 88–90
Herman T. Schneebeli ........................................................................................................ 87–94
William J. Green, III ............................................................................................................ 90–94
Raymond F. Lederer ............................................................................................................ 95–96
Dick Schulze ....................................................................................................................... 95–102
Donald A. Bailey ................................................................................................................. 97
William J. Coyne ................................................................................................................. 99–107
Rick Santorum .................................................................................................................... 103
Philip S. English ................................................................................................................. 104–110
Melissa A. Hart ................................................................................................................... 109
Alyson V. Schwartz ............................................................................................................. 110–111, 113
Jim Gerlach ......................................................................................................................... 112 113
Mike Kelly ........................................................................................................................... 113
Pat Meehan ........................................................................................................................ xxi 114 115
Brendan Boyle .................................................................................................................... 116–
Dwight Evans ..................................................................................................................... 116–
Rhode Island:
Benjamin Bourne ................................................................................................................ 3–4
Francis Malbone ................................................................................................................. 4
Elisha R. Potter .................................................................................................................. 4
Christopher G. Champlin .................................................................................................... 5
John Brown ......................................................................................................................... 6
Joseph Stanton, Jr .............................................................................................................. 8
Daniel L. D. Granger .......................................................................................................... 59–60
George F. O’Shaunessy ....................................................................................................... 65
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Richard S. Aldrich .............................................................................................................. 69–72
Aime J. Forand .................................................................................................................... 78–86
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
South Carolina:
William L. Smith ................................................................................................................. 3–5
Robert Goodloe Harper ....................................................................................................... 5–6
Abraham Nott ..................................................................................................................... 6
David R. Williams ............................................................................................................... 9
Langdon Cheves ................................................................................................................. 12
Theodore Gourdin ................................................................................................................ 13
William Lowndes ................................................................................................................. 13–15
John Taylor .......................................................................................................................... 14
Thomas R. Mitchell ............................................................................................................ 17
George McDuffie ................................................................................................................. 18–22
R. Barnwell Rhett ............................................................................................................... 25–26
Francis W. Pickens ............................................................................................................. 27
John L. McLaurin ................................................................................................................ 54–55
Ken Holland ........................................................................................................................ 95–97
Carroll A. Campbell, Jr ....................................................................................................... 98–99
Tom Rice ............................................................................................................................. 114
South Dakota:
Kristi Noem ......................................................................................................................... 114–115
Tennessee:
Andrew Jackson .................................................................................................................. 4
William C.C. Claibrone ....................................................................................................... 5
William Dickson .................................................................................................................. 7, 9
George W. Campbell ........................................................................................................... 10
Bennett H. Henderson ........................................................................................................ 14
Francis Jones ...................................................................................................................... 16–17
James K. Polk ..................................................................................................................... 22–23
Cave Johnson ...................................................................................................................... 24
George W. Jones ................................................................................................................. 31–34
Horace Maynard .................................................................................................................. 37, 40–42
Benton McMillan ................................................................................................................. 49–55
James D. Richardson .......................................................................................................... 55–57
Cordell Hull ......................................................................................................................... 62–66, 68–71
Edward E. Eslick ................................................................................................................ 72
Jere Cooper ......................................................................................................................... 72–85
Howard H. Baker ................................................................................................................ 83–88
James B. Frazier, Jr ............................................................................................................ 85–87
Ross Bass ........................................................................................................................... 88
Richard H. Fulton ............................................................................................................... 89–94
John J. Duncan ................................................................................................................... 92–100
Harold E. Ford .................................................................................................................... 94–104
Don Sundquist .................................................................................................................... 101–103
John S. Tanner .................................................................................................................... 105–111
Diane Black ........................................................................................................................ 112 115
Texas:
John Hancock ...................................................................................................................... 44
Roger Q. Mills ..................................................................................................................... 46, 48–51
Joseph W. Bailey ................................................................................................................. 55
Samuel B. Cooper ............................................................................................................... 56–58
Choice B. Randell ............................................................................................................... 60–62
John N. Gardner .................................................................................................................. 63–71
Morgan G. Sanders ............................................................................................................. 72–75
Milton H. West .................................................................................................................... 76–80
Jesse M. Combs .................................................................................................................. 81–82
Frank N. Ikard .................................................................................................................... 84–87
Bruce Alger ......................................................................................................................... 86–88
Clark W. Thompson ............................................................................................................ 87–89
George H. W. Bush ............................................................................................................. 90–91
Omar T. Burleson ............................................................................................................... 90–95
Bill Archer ........................................................................................................................... 93–106
J.J. Pickle ............................................................................................................................ 94–103
Kent R. Hance .................................................................................................................... 97–98
Michael A. Andrews ............................................................................................................ 99–103
Sam Johnson ...................................................................................................................... 104–115
Greg Laughlin ..................................................................................................................... xxii 104
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Lloyd Doggett ...................................................................................................................... 104–
Kevin Brady ........................................................................................................................ 107–
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
Max Sandlin ........................................................................................................................ 108
Kenny Marchant .................................................................................................................. xxiii 112–116
Jodey Arrington ................................................................................................................... 116–
Utah:
Walter K. Granger ............................................................................................................... 82
Vermont:
Daniel Buck ........................................................................................................................ 4
Israel Smith ........................................................................................................................ 3–4, 7
Lewis R. Morris ................................................................................................................... 5
James Fisk .......................................................................................................................... 10, 12
Horace Everett .................................................................................................................... 25
Justin S. Morrill .................................................................................................................. 35–39
Virginia:
James Madison ................................................................................................................... 1, 3–4
William B. Giles .................................................................................................................. 5
Richard Brent ..................................................................................................................... 5
Walter Jones ....................................................................................................................... 5
Leven Powell ....................................................................................................................... 6
John Nicholas ..................................................................................................................... 6
John Randolph .................................................................................................................... 7–9, 20
James M. Garnett ............................................................................................................... 9
John W. Eppes .................................................................................................................... 10–11, 13
William A. Burwell .............................................................................................................. 12, 14–16
James Pleasants ................................................................................................................. 12–13
John Tyler ............................................................................................................................ 16
Andrew Stevenson .............................................................................................................. 17–19
Alexander Smyth ................................................................................................................. 20–21
Philip P. Barbour ................................................................................................................ 21
Mark Alexander ................................................................................................................... 21–22
George Loyall ...................................................................................................................... 23–24
John W. Jones ..................................................................................................................... 25–27
John M. Botts ..................................................................................................................... 27
Thomas W. Gilmore ............................................................................................................ 27
Thomas H. Bayly ................................................................................................................. 28, 31
George C. Dromgoole .......................................................................................................... 28–29
James McDowell ................................................................................................................. 30
John Letcher ....................................................................................................................... 34–35
John S. Millson ................................................................................................................... 36
John R. Tucker .................................................................................................................... 44–47
Claude A. Swanson ............................................................................................................ 55–58
A. Willis Robertson ............................................................................................................. 75–79
Burr P. Harrison ................................................................................................................. 82, 84–87
W. Pat Jennings .................................................................................................................. 88–89
Joel T. Broyhill .................................................................................................................... 88–93
Joseph L. Fisher .................................................................................................................. 94–96
L.F. Payne ........................................................................................................................... 103–104
Eric Cantor ......................................................................................................................... 108–111
Don Beyer ........................................................................................................................... 116
Washington:
Francis W. Cushman .......................................................................................................... 61
Lindley H. Hadley ................................................................................................................ 66–72
Samuel B. Hill .................................................................................................................... 71–74
Knute Hill ............................................................................................................................ 77
Otis H. Holmes ................................................................................................................... 80–85
Rodney D. Chandler ............................................................................................................ 100–102
Jim McDermott .................................................................................................................... 102–
Jennifer Dunn ..................................................................................................................... 104–108
Dave Reichert ..................................................................................................................... 110–115
Suzan DelBene .................................................................................................................... 115
West Virginia:
William L. Wilson ................................................................................................................ 50, 52–53
Joseph H. Gaines ................................................................................................................ 60–61
George M. Bowers ............................................................................................................... 66–67
Hubert S. Ellis .................................................................................................................... 80
Wisconsin:
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Charles Billinghurst ........................................................................................................... 34
Robert M. La Follette .......................................................................................................... 1
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MEMBERS CONGRESS(ES)
Joseph W. Babcock ............................................................................................................. 57–59
James A. Frear .................................................................................................................... 66–68, 71–73
Thaddeus F. B. Wasielewski ............................................................................................... 78 79
John W. Byrnes ................................................................................................................... 80–92
William A. Steiger ............................................................................................................... 94–95
Jim Moody ........................................................................................................................... 100–102
Gerald D. Kleczka ............................................................................................................... 103–105
Paul Ryan ........................................................................................................................... 106–114
Ron Kind ............................................................................................................................. 114–
Gwen Moore ........................................................................................................................ 116–
i Reelected to the 109th Congress; died January 1, 2005.
ii Appointed May 5, 2005.
iii Appointed February 7, 2017.
iv Resigned September 29, 2006.
v Died, July 17, 2020.
vi Resigned February 10, 2017.
vii Appointed January 9, 2018.
viii Resigned July 31, 2012.
ix Appointed January 25, 1996.
x Appointed January 25, 1996.
xi Appointed September 22, 2020.
xii Appointed February 14, 2017.
xiii Appointed to Senate April 27, 2011.
xiv Died August 20, 2008.
xv Resigned February 9, 2011.
xvi Appointed June 13, 2011.
xvii Resigned April 29, 2005.
xviii Died August 21, 2008.
xix Resigned January 15, 2018.
xx Appointed May 16, 2018.
xxi Resigned April 27, 2018.
xxii Appointed July 10, 1995.
xxiii Appointed March 15, 2011.
Æ
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