Congressional Record, Senate, April 27, 2022: Page S2191
Summary
Page S2191 of the Senate section of the Congressional Record for April 27, 2022, in interleaved columns. Cosponsor additions include S. 3899, a bill to amend the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 to reauthorize and update the Act. A speaker on student loans says borrowers who are not ready to return to making payments now never will be, citing a newspaper editorial against the President's latest extension. Whereas clauses of a resolution refer to journalists who sacrificed their lives to report on the war in Ukraine and to a Native American Journalists Association survey in which 83 percent of respondents gave a view on Native news coverage.
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“Congressional Record, Senate, April 27, 2022: Page S2191.”
Original at www.govinfo.gov. Archived at Pandemic Darlings, https://pandemicdarlings.com/source-documents/crec-crec-2022-04-27-crec-2022-04-27-pt1-pgs2191-ccb39f3487/
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April 27, 2022 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2191
Kansas (Mr. MORAN) was added as a co- jury and death, are subject to grave student loan borrowers aren’t ready to
sponsor of S. 3899, a bill to amend the threat, and have sacrificed their lives, return to making payments now, they
Child Care and Development Block to chronicle and report on the ongoing will never be.
Grant Act of 1990 to reauthorize and war in Ukraine resulting from the Rus- Even the Washington Post editorial-
update the Act, and for other purposes. sian Federation’s invasion. ized against the President’s latest ex-
S. 3908 f tension, noting:
At the request of Mr. BARRASSO, the What was a needed emergency measure at
STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED the start of the pandemic is no longer justi-
name of the Senator from Florida (Mr. BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS fied. It is hard to make an argument that
RUBIO) was added as a cosponsor of S.
By Mr. THUNE (for himself, Mr. college graduates are struggling right now.
3908, a bill to provide that certain pol- The unemployment rate for Americans with
icy statements of the Federal Energy BURR, Mr. BRAUN, Mr. CASSIDY,
a bachelor’s degree or higher is a mere 2 per-
Regulatory Commission shall have no and Mr. MARSHALL):
cent. There is a near-record number of job
force or effect unless certain condi- S. 4094. A bill to amend the Higher openings.
tions are met, and for other purposes. Education Relief Opportunities for Stu-
dents Act of 2003 to strike the Sec- That was from the Washington Post.
S. 3960 It is true that Americans are facing
retary’s unilateral authority during a
At the request of Mr. SCOTT of Flor- economic challenges as a result of the
national emergency, and for other pur-
ida, the name of the Senator from inflation that President Biden and
poses; to the Committee on Health,
North Carolina (Mr. TILLIS) was added Democrats helped to create with their
Education, Labor, and Pensions.
as a cosponsor of S. 3960, a bill to es- Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, the Biden ill-considered American Rescue Plan
tablish the CCP Initiative program, administration can’t quite seem to de- Act, but, if anything, President Biden’s
and for other purposes. cide on the status of the pandemic or latest student loan pause could help
S. 4047 the status of the economy. prolong our inflation problems, and,
At the request of Ms. DUCKWORTH, On the one hand, we are being told importantly, it will have the biggest
the names of the Senator from Illinois that we no longer need pandemic-era benefits for those who are most able to
(Mr. DURBIN) and the Senator from border restrictions intended to help deal with price hikes from inflation.
Michigan (Ms. STABENOW) were added limit illegal immigration and prevent This clearly regressive policy benefits
as cosponsors of S. 4047, a bill to im- the spread of COVID. On the other high-debt, high-income borrowers sig-
prove the removal of lead from drink- hand, the administration is still fight- nificantly more than low-debt, low-in-
ing water in public housing. ing to require Americans to wear come borrowers.
masks on public transit and airplanes Again, to quote the Washington Post
S. 4050
and is urging Congress to pass addi- once more:
At the request of Mr. DAINES, the
tional COVID spending to fight the Rising prices of gas, rent, food and cars are
name of the Senator from Wisconsin a hardship, but forgiving interest on student
(Ms. BALDWIN) was added as a cospon- pandemic the administration seems to
loans for four more months offers the biggest
sor of S. 4050, a bill to amend title believe is over at the border. benefits to people who have earned degrees
XVIII of the Social Security Act to It is a confusing message, to say the in medicine and law. These people go on to
eliminate a provision under the Medi- least. Americans know the pandemic have lucrative careers. Meanwhile, the 64
care Advantage program that inadvert- can’t simultaneously be over for mi- percent of Americans who do not have a col-
ently penalizes Medicare Advantage grants at the border but make it too lege degree don’t benefit at all from Biden’s
plans for providing high quality care to dangerous for a South Dakotan to fly pause on loan repayments.
Medicare beneficiaries. from Sioux Falls to Minneapolis with- That was again from the Washington
S.J. RES. 40 out a mask. Post.
The administration’s messaging is And subsidizing all of those doctors
At the request of Ms. HIRONO, the
similarly muddled on the economy and and lawyers ends up being pretty ex-
name of the Senator from Oregon (Mr.
student loans. On the one hand, the pensive. The student loan repayment
MERKLEY) was added as a cosponsor of
President is proudly touting ‘‘record’’ moratorium has already cost the Fed-
S.J. Res. 40, a joint resolution formally
job creation and ‘‘record’’ economic eral Government more than $100 bil-
apologizing for the nuclear legacy of
growth even though most of what he is lion. By the time the President’s latest
the United States in the Republic of
taking credit for is the natural con- extension of the moratorium is up, it
the Marshall Islands and affirming the
sequence of an economic recovery from will have cost the Federal Government
importance of the free association be-
the pandemic. On the other hand, the billions more.
tween the Government of the United
President recently announced that he After a huge increase in our national
States and the Government of the Mar-
is extending the moratorium on Fed- debt, thanks to the pandemic and reck-
shall Islands.
eral student loan payments, interest, less Democratic spending, the govern-
S.J. RES. 43
and collections for another 4 months, ment does not need to be forgoing bil-
At the request of Mrs. HYDE-SMITH, until August 31, because Americans are lions of dollars by providing student
the name of the Senator from Alaska still suffering economically as a result loan relief to Americans with some of
(Mr. SULLIVAN) was added as a cospon- of the pandemic. the highest earning potential, which is
sor of S.J. Res. 43, a joint resolution Well, which is it? Is our economy why, this morning, I introduced legis-
providing for congressional disapproval thriving or are Americans economi- lation—the Stop Reckless Student
under chapter 8 of title 5, United cally distressed? Loan Actions Act—to end the current
States Code, of the rule submitted by The student loan repayment morato- deferment on student loan repayments
the Department of the Treasury and rium and interest freeze included in the and limit a President’s authority to
the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid CARES Act at the beginning of the pause student loan repayments in the
Services relating to ‘‘Patient Protec- pandemic made sense. Our economy future.
tion and Affordable Care Act; Updating was starting to shut down, and Ameri- My legislation, which I introduced
Payment Parameters, Section 1332 cans’ jobs were in jeopardy, but it with my colleague Senator RICHARD
Waiver Implementing Regulations, and made sense as a temporary measure for BURR and Senators BRAUN, CASSIDY,
Improving Health Insurance Markets a genuine emergency. We are no longer and MARSHALL, would continue to
for 2022 and Beyond’’. having double-digit unemployment as allow a President to temporarily sus-
S. RES. 559 we did during some of the worst mo- pend student loan payments during a
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At the request of Ms. KLOBUCHAR, the ments of the pandemic. In fact, our future national emergency, but it
name of the Senator from New Hamp- current unemployment rate is a low 3.6 would limit those suspensions to a pe-
shire (Mrs. SHAHEEN) was added as a co- percent. For college graduates, the un- riod of 90 days and subject them to con-
sponsor of S. Res. 559, a resolution ex- employment rate is a staggeringly low gressional disapproval.
pressing gratitude on behalf of the peo- 2 percent. It would also ensure that relief is tar-
ple of the United States to the journal- To paraphrase the Wall Street Jour- geted to those who need it most by pre-
ists and news staff who are risking in- nal’s editorial board on the subject, if venting Presidents from suspending
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S2192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 27, 2022
payments for higher income individ- doubtedly, make it much worse. We (4) by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D).
uals; and, importantly, it would pre- think 8.5-percent inflation is bad, and SEC. 4. HIGHER EDUCATION RELIEF OPPORTUNI-
TIES FOR CIVILIANS IN THE CASE OF
vent a President or a Secretary of Edu- it is, but canceling student loan debt A NATIONAL EMERGENCY AND LIMI-
cation from using a national emer- this fall could take inflation to new TATIONS ON COVERED LOANS.
gency to cancel student loan debt, and even more painful heights. (a) TEMPORARY AUTHORITY FOR HIGHER
which leads me to, perhaps, my biggest Now, I strongly support finding ways EDUCATION RELIEF.—
concern in all of this. to drive down the cost of higher edu- (1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the limitation
Deferring student loan payments is a cation and educate students about the provided in subsection (c), during the 90 day
bad policy that is costing the Federal dangers of excessive debt. I also sup- period after a declaration of a national emer-
port measures to help students pay off gency under section 201 of the National
Government money it doesn’t have, but Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1621), the Sec-
it pales in comparison to the ultimate their student loans without putting
retary of Education may suspend or defer
goal for many Democrats—and that is taxpayers on the hook for hundreds of Federal student loan payments or the ac-
canceling student loan debt entirely. billions of dollars or more. I would note crual of interest for loans made, insured or
Days ago, the President’s Press Sec- the measure that I got included in the guaranteed under part B, D, or E of title IV
retary, in referring to the payment CARES Act and extended later that of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
deferment, said: year to allow employers to make tax- 1071 et seq.; 1087a et seq.; 1087aa et seq.) or
Between now and August 31, it’s either free payments on their employees’ stu- loans under the Health Education Assistance
going to be extended again or we’re going to dent loans; but unnecessarily deferring Loan Program.
make a decision . . . about canceling student student loan payments—or worse, the (2) LIMITATION.—The Secretary of Edu-
debt. canceling of a significant portion of cation may not use the temporary authority
provided under paragraph (1) in consecutive
That was from the President’s Press student loan debt entirely—is a ter- 90 day periods.
Secretary. rible idea for many reasons. (b) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HIGHER EDU-
Her statement made it alarmingly I hope that colleagues from both CATION RELIEF FROM THE SECRETARY OF EDU-
clear that the President isn’t just tem- sides of the aisle will join the student CATION.— In the case of a national emer-
porarily deferring loan payments but is loan bill that I introduced earlier gency declared by the President under sec-
today to end these endless and unnec- tion 201 of the National Emergencies Act (50
seriously considering canceling—can- U.S.C. 1621), the Secretary of Education shall
celing—a significant portion of Federal essary loan deferment extensions.
I hope at least some of my Demo- submit to the Committee on Health, Edu-
student loan debt. cation, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate
She doubled down on that idea on cratic colleagues will recognize the
and the Committee on Education and Labor
Monday, noting: unwisdom of canceling student loan of the House of Representatives, not later
debt, its blatant unfairness to individ- than 60 days after the date of such declara-
What I would tell you is that not a single
person in this country has paid a dime on uals who have already paid off their tion, a report that includes any rec-
Federal student loans since the President student loans or who never went to col- ommendations on relief necessary for recipi-
took office. lege and the negative effect it would ents of student financial assistance under
have on our inflation-ridden economy. title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965
My gosh, canceling student loan debt (20 U.S.C. 1070 et seq.).
Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask
is a bad idea for so many reasons. (c) LIMITS ON EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY TO
In the first place, it is money the unanimous consent that the text of the
SUSPEND OR DEFER FEDERAL STUDENT LOAN
Federal Government simply doesn’t bill be printed in the RECORD. PAYMENTS OR INTEREST.—
There being no objection, the text of (1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any
have. Democrats often speak as if the
the bill was ordered to be printed in other provision of law, the President or the
Federal Government were able to draw the RECORD, as follows:
from an unlimited pot of money, but, Secretary of Education may not suspend or
S. 4094 defer Federal student loan payments on cov-
of course, we know that is not true. ered loans or the accrual of interest on cov-
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep-
Government funds aren’t anywhere resentatives of the United States of America in ered loans of borrowers with annual house-
close to being unlimited, and govern- Congress assembled, hold incomes over 400 percent of the poverty
ment coffers aren’t filled from a pot of SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. line (as determined under the poverty guide-
gold at the end of the rainbow. They This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Stop Reck- lines updated periodically in the Federal
are filled by taxpayer dollars, and less Student Loan Actions Act of 2022’’. Register by the Department of Health and
sooner or later, it will be taxpayers SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Human Services under the authority of sec-
who foot the bill for any loan forgive- Congress finds the following: tion 673(2) of the Community Services Block
(1) The Higher Education Relief Opportuni- Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9902(2))).
ness program, including the many tax- (2) APPLICATION OF CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW
ties for Students Act of 2003 (20 U.S.C. 1098aa
payers who opted not to attend college et seq.) was intended to provide relief oppor- ACT.—In any case where the President or the
or who chose a debt-free way of doing tunities for members of the armed services. Secretary of Education suspends or defers
so. (2) The authority provided under the High- Federal student loan payments on covered
I can scarcely think of anything er Education Relief Opportunities for Stu- loans or the accrual of interest on covered
more unfair than forcing Americans dents Act of 2003 has been abused by the Ex- loans through any type of executive or regu-
who incurred no college debt to shoul- ecutive Branch during the COVID-19 national latory action, the suspension or deferral
der the bill for those who did, espe- emergency regarding the payment of Federal shall be—
student loans. (A) deemed to be a major rule for purposes
cially when a substantial portion of
(3) The unilateral payment pause on Fed- of chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code
that debt is incurred by those with the (commonly known as the ‘‘Congressional Re-
eral student loans has cost $100,000,000,000.
greatest earning potential. (4) The individuals benefitting the most view Act’’); and
Canceling student debt would also be from the payment pause continued by the (B) subject to congressional disapproval in
grossly unfair to the Americans who Executive Branch are doctors, who receive 11 accordance with such chapter.
worked hard for years to pay off their times the benefit of bachelor’s degree recipi- (d) LIMITS ON EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY TO
loans. An American who has just fin- ents and 14 times the benefit of associate’s CANCEL STUDENT LOANS.—
ished paying off his or her higher edu- degree recipients. (1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any
SEC. 3. AMENDMENTS TO THE HIGHER EDU- other provisions of law, the President or the
cation debt would get nothing—noth- Secretary of Education may not cancel the
CATION RELIEF OPPORTUNITIES
ing—from such a cancellation while a FOR STUDENTS ACT OF 2003. outstanding balances, or a portion of the bal-
recent graduate who had made just a Section 5(2) of the Higher Education Relief ances, on covered loans due to the COVID-19
month or two of payments could see Opportunities for Students Act of 2003 (20 national emergency or any other national
his or her debt disappear entirely. U.S.C. 1098ee) is amended— emergency.
And canceling student debt would do (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (2) APPLICATION OF CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW
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nothing to address the real problem, (A), by inserting ‘‘(or the spouse or depend- ACT.—In any case where the President or the
which is the out-of-control cost of ent of the parent, as that term is used in sec- Secretary of Education cancels the out-
tion 480 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 standing balances, or portion of the bal-
higher education. In fact, it would like-
(20 U.S.C. 1087vv))’’ after ‘‘an individual’’; ances, on covered loans through any type of
ly make that problem worse, not to (2) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ‘‘and’’ executive or regulatory action, the cancella-
mention the fact that student loan after the semicolon; tion shall be—
cancellation would take an already bad (3) in subparagraph (B), by striking the (A) deemed to be a major rule for purposes
inflation situation and, almost un- semicolon and inserting a period; and of chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code
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April 27, 2022 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S2193
(commonly known as the ‘‘Congressional Re- managers have too narrow a perspec- (3) of the remaining counties in the United
view Act’’); and tive, the/place the financial success of States, more than 1⁄2, or 1,528, have only 1
(B) subject to congressional disapproval in their clients at risk. This common- newspaper to cover populations ranging from
accordance with such chapter. under 1,000 to more than 1,000,000 residents;
(e) IMPLEMENTATION.— sense legislation supports asset man- (4) more than 1⁄2 of all United States news-
(1) REGARDING SUSPENSIONS OR DEFERMENTS agers’ fiduciary responsibility to de- papers have changed owners in the past dec-
OF FEDERAL STUDENT LOAN PAYMENTS ONGOING liver returns to investors, and it will ade, and, in 2018, only 25 companies owned 2⁄3
AT THE TIME OF ENACTMENT.—Not later than help ensure a safe financial future for of all daily newspapers;
the effective date of this Act, any suspension workers and their families. (5) of the surviving 6,700 newspapers in the
or deferment of Federal student loan pay- I hope my colleagues will support United States, at least 1,000 qualify as
ments on covered loans due to the COVID-19 ‘‘ghost newspapers’’, or newspapers with re-
this bill. porting and photography staffs that are so
national emergency shall terminate. Not-
withstanding any other provision of law, a f significantly reduced that they can no longer
subsequent suspension or deferment of Fed- provide much of the breaking news or public
SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS service journalism that once informed read-
eral student loan payments on covered loans
for the COVID-19 national emergency shall ers about vital issues in their communities;
be prohibited. and
(2) REGARDING CANCELLATION OF STUDENT SENATE RESOLUTION 596—DESIG- (6) rural counties are among the counties
LOANS PRIOR TO EFFECTIVE DATE.—Any can- NATING APRIL 2022 AS ‘‘PRE- most deeply impacted by the loss of local re-
cellation of the outstanding balance, or por- SERVING AND PROTECTING porting, as more than 500 of the 2,100 news-
tion of a balance, on a covered loan made by papers that have closed or merged since 2004
LOCAL NEWS MONTH’’ AND REC- are in rural counties;
the President or Secretary of Education OGNIZING THE IMPORTANCE AND
through any type of executive or regulatory Whereas, while overall employment in
SIGNIFICANCE OF LOCAL NEWS newspaper, television, radio, and digital
action in the 30 days before the effective date
of this Act shall be— Mr. SCHATZ (for himself, Mr. BOOK- newsrooms dropped by roughly 26 percent, or
(A) deemed to be a major rule for purposes ER, Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. 30,000 jobs, between 2008 and 2020, the plunge
of chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code in newspaper newsrooms alone was much
WYDEN, Mr. PADILLA, Mr. MARKEY, Ms. worse at 57 percent, or 40,000 jobs, in that
(commonly known as the ‘‘Congressional Re- KLOBUCHAR, Mr. BROWN, Mr. CASEY, and
view Act’’); and same time period;
Mrs. MURRAY) submitted the following Whereas the number of news employees in
(B) subject to congressional disapproval in
resolution; which was referred to the the radio broadcasting industry dropped by
accordance with such chapter.
(f) DEFINITION OF COVERED LOAN.—In this Committee on the Judiciary: 22 percent between 2004 and 2020;
subsection, the term ‘‘covered loan’’ means a S. RES. 596 Whereas beat reporting, meaning the day-
loan made, insured, or guaranteed under part to-day coverage of a particular field that al-
Whereas the United States was founded on
B, D, or E of title IV of the Higher Education lows a journalist to develop expertise and
the principle of freedom of the press en-
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1071 et seq.; 1087a et cultivate sources, has ceased to be a viable
shrined in the First Amendment to the Con-
seq.; 1087aa et seq.) or a loan under the career for would-be journalists due to the
stitution of the United States, which de-
Health Education Assistance Loan Program. decimation of newsroom budgets;
clares that ‘‘Congress shall make no law . . .
SEC. 5. EFFECTIVE DATE. Whereas requests submitted under section
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the
This Act, and the amendments made by 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly
press . . .’’;
this Act, shall take effect on the date that is referred to as ‘‘Freedom of Information Act
Whereas an informed citizenry depends on
30 days after the date of enactment of this requests’’), by local newspapers to local,
accurate and unbiased news reporting to in-
Act. State, and Federal agencies fell by nearly 50
form the judgment of the people;
percent between 2005 and 2010, demonstrating
Whereas a robust, diverse, and sustainable
By Mr. KAINE (for himself, Mr. a significant drop in the extent to which
local news presence leads to civic engage-
local reporters request government records;
BOOKER, Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. ment and the buttressing of democratic
Whereas newspapers alone lost more than
MENENDEZ, and Mr. WARNER): norms and practices;
$35,000,000,000 in advertising revenue between
S. 4097. A bill to improve access for Whereas local news serves as a necessary
2004 and 2018;
diverse-owned asset management resource during the COVID-19 pandemic to
Whereas, in the second quarter of 2020, ad-
firms, and for other purposes; to the provide communities with public health in-
vertising revenue fell by a median of 24 per-
formation and to inform communities about
Committee on Health, Education, available services and support from Federal,
cent for local television companies;
Labor, and Pensions. Whereas the revenue of all-news radio sta-
State, local, Tribal, and territorial govern-
Mr. KAINE. Mr. President, today I tions dropped by 24 percent in 2020;
ments;
am introducing the Too Narrow to Suc- Whereas there remains a significant gender
Whereas published guidance from the De-
disparity in newsroom employment, with
ceed Act with my colleagues Senators partment of Homeland Security deemed
women comprising approximately 1⁄3 of staff
BOOKER, MURRAY, and MENENDEZ. En- journalists as essential critical infrastruc-
who are 30 years of age or older;
acting this bill would increase opportu- ture workers during the COVID-19 pandemic;
Whereas women who are local television
nities for women- and minority-owned Whereas the absence of local news outlets
news anchors and reporters, especially
asset management firms to direct in- and investigative reporting allows local gov-
women of color, are often subject to harass-
ernment corruption and corporate malfea-
vestments and strengthen our Nation’s sance to go unchecked;
ment and stalking;
retirement security. Whereas, across the United States, there
Whereas local journalists help combat
Women- and minority-owned firms are more than 200 newspapers published by
disinformation by using their community
are significantly underrepresented in and for Black readers, and, in recent years,
knowledge and connections to debunk fraud-
many of those newspapers have seen—
asset management, managing just over ulent or misleading content; (1) significant losses in advertising revenue
1 percent of the sector’s assets under Whereas local cable franchises routinely as small businesses in their communities
management. This severe underrep- provide for public educational and govern- were forced to close; and
resentation also extends to employ- ment access channels on their systems, and (2) circulation declines due to the closures
those channels— of businesses in their communities;
ment within the industry. This is not
(1) offer vital local civic programming that Whereas the number of Black journalists
due to a lack of diverse talent; women- informs communities; working at daily newspapers dropped by 40
and minority-owned asset management (2) provide news and information not often percent between 1997 and 2014, more than for
firms have consistently performed just available on other local broadcast channels any other demographic group;
as well as or better than other firms in or cable; Whereas the number of print media sources
terms of returns on investment. In (3) supplement local journalism; and published by and for American Indian read-
fact, women- and minority-owned firms (4) at times, are the only source for local ers has shrunk dramatically in recent years,
are overrepresented among top-per- news; from 700 media outlets in 1998 to only 200 in
Whereas the people of the United States 2018;
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forming firms.
Having a diverse portfolio is a key trust local news sources by a 2-to-1 margin; Whereas Tribally-owned news outlets are
part of having healthy finances because Whereas, according to recent research— often dependent on Tribal governments for
(1) the United States has lost more than funding, but most of those outlets lack the
diversifying investments mitigates
2,100 local print outlets since 2004; policy structure necessary to fully protect
risk and improves long-term returns. (2) more than 200 counties in the United journalistic independence;
Far too often, however, those making States have no newspaper at all, creating a Whereas a 2018 survey by the Native Amer-
investment decisions at our Nation’s fi- news shortage for the 3,200,000 residents of ican Journalists Association found that 83
nancial firms are not diverse. If asset those counties; percent of respondents believed that Native
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