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Save Our Stages Act and Coronavirus Relief — Congressional Record, Senate, December 21, 2020

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                                             December 21, 2020                                 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE                                                                 S7893
                                             to help during the pandemic and for                       While Officer Robinson is, fortu-                    and help for our hospitals and help for
                                             Americans who worked from home to                       nately, expected to make a recovery,                   our rural areas—housing, rent, small
                                             help slow the virus’s spread.                           Officer Shuping, tragically, passed                    businesses, unemployment, the direct
                                               It is unfortunate that opposition                     away from his injuries.                                checks.
                                             from a handful of States with aggres-                     Jason Shuping was an outstanding                       I think we all know that there is
                                             sive taxation policies—like the Senate                  police officer who courageously ran to                 more work to be done, including next
                                             Democratic leader’s home State of New                   danger to protect residents of Concord.                year, including for our cities and our
                                             York—has so far prevented legislation                     He was also a loving son and a hus-                  States, but it is so important that we
                                             like mine from getting through Con-                     band to his wife Haylee. He was active                 get this done by the end of the year.
                                             gress. But I will continue to fight for                 in his community since his childhood.                    I wanted to focus on something that
                                             tax relief for remote and mobile work-                  He attended East Rowan High School                     I have worked on for quite a while with
                                             ers.                                                    in Salisbury, and he was an honor stu-                 Senator CORNYN from Texas. We have
                                               It has been a difficult year for our                  dent and track and field athlete at                    done this on a bipartisan basis from
                                             country. There are way too many virus                   UNC-Pembroke.                                          the beginning, and it is the Save Our
                                             infections, way too many hospitaliza-                     He was a young man with a bright fu-                 Stages Act.
                                             tions, way too many people who have                     ture ahead of him, described by those                    When we first introduced it in July,
                                             lost loved ones from this dreaded virus.                who knew him as a ‘‘gentle soul who                    we knew that it was going to be a long
                                             It has affected people in so many                       made an impact.’’                                      road, and we also knew that the only
                                             ways—their health, their confidence,                      His hometown paper, the Salisbury                    way we would get this done is by stick-
                                             their economic standing and status,                     Post, noted: ‘‘Whether it was staying                  ing together as a team and by working
                                             their mental health. There are just so                  after practice to provide coaching to a                with other Members of Congress from
                                             many—so many—effects of this, and                       youngster or coming back home from                     red and blue States. And by the end—
                                             this winter is likely to be very chal-                  college to play the handbell in his                    this bill is included in full in this pack-
                                             lenging.                                                church’s ensemble, you could always                    age—we had 57 Senators who sponsored
                                               But the encouraging news is that                      count on Jason Shuping.’’                              this bill out of 100, with many more
                                             there is light at the end of the tunnel.                  It is no surprise to see the outpouring              supporting it. We had over 200 House
                                             There is a vaccine out there that will                  of love coming from the community of                   Members.
                                             get more widely out there, and thanks                   Concord to honor his life and service.                   We worked so hard to make this
                                             to the resources that we put into the                   There have been a candlelight vigil and                about America and American music
                                             first coronavirus bill—the CARES Act                    a touching law enforcement escort that                 and American theater and American
                                             that passed last March—those vaccines                   brought many residents and a long line                 culture.
                                             have been moving forward at record                                                                               We all know that you can’t go stand
                                                                                                     of American flags proudly displayed.
                                             speed—five times faster than any vac-                                                                          in a mosh pit in the middle of a pan-
                                                                                                       As we gather with our families this
                                             cine in history.                                                                                               demic.     These    live   entertainment
                                                                                                     Christmas, my thoughts and prayers
                                               Light is at the end of the tunnel. The                                                                       venues were among the first businesses
                                                                                                     will be with the family of Officer
                                             vaccines are coming. They are going to                                                                         to close, and they will almost certainly
                                                                                                     Shuping, as well as the families of
                                             be proven to be very effective, and                                                                            be among the last to reopen.
                                                                                                     Mount Holly Police Officer Tyler Hern-                   This was about, yes, Nashville and
                                             there is additional funding in this par-
                                                                                                     don and Nash County Deputy Sheriff                     New York, but it was just as much
                                             ticular legislation that we will vote on
                                                                                                     Jared Allison, who also lost their lives               about the Fargo Theater or a small,
                                             today to make sure that it gets distrib-
                                                                                                     this month in the line of duty.                        small country music venue in Texas.
                                             uted as quickly as possible.
                                               We are going to make it through                         Those families are going through an
                                                                                                                                                            And while we see the light at the end of
                                             this, and I look forward to sending the                 unimaginable period of grief, but they
                                                                                                                                                            tunnel with the vaccines, we know that
                                             additional relief that is included in                   should know that the people of North
                                                                                                                                                            it will be quite a while before these
                                             this legislation that we will move                      Carolina are forever grateful for the
                                                                                                                                                            businesses, which operate on such thin
                                             through the Senate today and put on                     selfless service of their loved ones, and
                                                                                                                                                            margins as it is, can keep going.
                                             the President’s desk, where he can sign                 I will never forget the ultimate sac-                    I think we also know the importance
                                             it into law. I look forward to seeing                   rifice that they made in answering the                 of the arts and music, not only as a
                                             that additional relief get out to the                   call to protect others.                                cultural icon in America but also as an
                                             American people.                                          I yield the floor.                                   economic driver. It is one of our No. 1
                                               I yield the floor.                                      The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-                      exports, when you combine all of it.
                                               The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BAR-                       ator from Minnesota.                                   And the fact that we were able to stick
                                             RASSO). The Senator from North Caro-                                      f                                    together with not only the nitty-gritty
                                             lina.                                                               CORONAVIRUS                                of this bill and this coalition and actu-
                                                              f                                                                                             ally add partners as we went along is a
                                                                                                       Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I
                                                  HONORING JASON SHUPING                                                                                    tribute to all the musicians out there,
                                                                                                     rise today to thank all of my col-
                                                                                                                                                            all the venues, all the lighting opera-
                                               Mr. TILLIS. Mr. President, I rise                     leagues who worked so hard on the bill
                                                                                                                                                            tors, all the truckers—everyone who
                                             today to honor the life and service of                  that is coming to the floor today, the
                                                                                                                                                            came together and said: We are going
                                             Concord, NC, Police Officer Jason                       pandemic relief package.
                                                                                                       We know all the top priorities in                    to get this done.
                                             Shuping, who was tragically killed in                                                                            I know when Senator CORNYN and I
                                             the line of duty this week.                             there—the vaccine distribution—and I
                                                                                                                                                            first introduced this, people kind of
                                               Officer Shuping was only 25 years old                 want to thank Senator SCHUMER and
                                                                                                                                                            patted us on the head and said: Oh, this
                                             and had served the Concord Police De-                   leaders and those on both sides of the
                                                                                                                                                            sounds nice. But I think when people
                                             partment for 11⁄2 years with honor and                  aisle who put more funding into that.
                                                                                                                                                            started to hear the facts and how much
                                             distinction.                                              I want to thank the group who has
                                                                                                                                                            this matters to economies and even
                                               Officer Shuping and Officer Kaleb                     worked so hard on this agreement and
                                                                                                                                                            small towns, it made a difference. In
                                             Robinson were responding to a 9–1–1                     this negotiation in the Senate for their
                                                                                                                                                            the end, to quote Minnesota’s own Bob
                                             call for a car crash and an attempted                   work, including Senator MANCHIN and
                                                                                                                                                            Dylan from ‘‘The Times They Are a-
                                             carjacking. Officers Shuping and Rob-                   Senator ROMNEY and Senator WARNER
                                                                                                                                                            Changin,’’ he says:
                                             inson located the suspect and were pre-                 and Senator SHAHEEN and Senator HAS-
                                                                                                                                                              Come senators, congressmen
                                             pared to bring him to justice. However,                 SAN and Senator DURBIN, as well as all                   Please heed the call
                                             when Officer Shuping, Officer Robin-                    of their Republican colleagues, Senator                  Don’t stand in the doorway




ctelli on DSK11ZRN23PROD with SENATE
                                             son, and a third ALE officer ap-                        COLLINS and Senator MURKOWSKI, Sen-                      Don’t block the hall
                                             proached, the suspect immediately                       ator CASSIDY, who worked so hard on                      No one blocked the hall.
                                             began opening fire.                                     this original agreement, with many                       I want to thank my colleagues, and I
                                               Officers Shuping and Robinson were                    others who joined in as well.                          want to especially thank Senator COR-
                                             both shot. Additional officers arrived                    This bill contains such important                    NYN. We have led many bills together,
                                             on the scene and took out the suspect.                  priorities, including unemployment                     and we had to go back and forth a lot.



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                                             S7894                                             CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE                                                  December 21, 2020
                                               I want to thank Dayna Frank, who is                     So we in Congress don’t want to let                  fans just wouldn’t give up. So thank
                                             the head of First Avenue in Minnesota,                  the music die, and we don’t want that                  you very much.
                                             made famous, of course, by Prince.                      to happen to any of our other places of                  I yield the floor.
                                               Prince wouldn’t be Prince if not for                  culture in America either. That is why                   The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-
                                             First Avenue. Everyone in our State,                    over the last month or so, we have                     ator from West Virginia.
                                             when they think about First Avenue,                     worked with the museums and with the                     Mrs. CAPITO. Mr. President, I would
                                             they think about Prince.                                zoos, and I want to especially thank                   like to thank, first of all, the preceding
                                               She is the head of the National                       Senator SCHUMER for his work on that,                  speaker, Senator KLOBUCHAR, for her
                                             Venue Association. She called me one                    as well as Senator BLUNT and many                      efforts to help those venues in those
                                             night in the beginning of the pandemic                  others who worked with us—as well as                   entertainment areas that at this point
                                             and said: I just can’t make it through                  the movie theaters.                                    have been left out. We certainly have
                                             this without some help.                                   We wanted to make sure that if we                    some of those in West Virginia, and I
                                               They already received PPP loans, but                  expanded our coalition, that we didn’t                 am pleased to say that the coronavirus
                                             that is not enough for these venues be-                 hurt the originals, which were these                   package we are putting together today
                                             cause of the unique circumstance                        small, small theaters and small music                  will help those folks and hopefully get
                                             where they can’t partially open. You                    venues across the country. We did not                  them over the hump.
                                             can’t go to a theater right now and sit                 do that, because this new program will                   Before I begin, I would like to wish
                                             elbow-to-elbow with your friends and                    be a lifeline for small entertainment                  everybody, as much as they can, a
                                             family.                                                 venues across the country, such as                     happy holiday and a joyful new year.
                                               I also want to thank my legislative                                                                          Turning the page of 2020 is something I
                                                                                                     First Avenue and the Bluestem Amphi-
                                             director, Doug Calidas, who has worked                                                                         think we are all pretty anxious to do.
                                                                                                     theater in Moorehead, MN.
                                             on this from the beginning, including                     It will also help the millions of                    Sometimes it seems like the longest
                                             all the last month’s late-night negotia-                                                                       year, and sometimes it seems like the
                                                                                                     Americans who work behind the scenes
                                             tions. He did a wonderful job.                                                                                 shortest year, but it definitely seems
                                                                                                     and who have been sidelined, from the
                                               I want to thank Senators SCHUMER                                                                             like ‘‘Groundhog Day’’ a lot of the
                                             and MCCONNELL and Representatives                       engineers and truckdrivers to the tick-
                                                                                                     et takers and the designers and the                    year.
                                             Speaker PELOSI and Leader MCCARTHY                                                                               I am very pleased that we have this
                                             for getting this over the finish line—                  spot operators. It will help revive the
                                                                                                     local economies of neighborhoods and                   relief package in front of us. While I
                                             Senator MCCONNELL for putting it in                                                                            am glad an agreement has been
                                             his original bill and Senator SCHUMER,                  small towns across this Nation.
                                                                                                       It is not every day that a coalition                 reached, we certainly should have done
                                             who cares so much about this because
                                                                                                     sticks together from beginning to end,                 this earlier and could have done this
                                             of all of the great music and acts and
                                                                                                     that they kept with their original pur-                earlier. We have been working since
                                             everything coming out of New York
                                                                                                     pose, haven’t been picked off, haven’t                 July to deliver targeted additional re-
                                             State. It was certainly very, very help-
                                                                                                     gotten into infighting, but this group                 lief through efforts such as we put for-
                                             ful—and that would put it mildly—to
                                                                                                     did it. Maybe it is because so many                    ward in the CARES Act, and it has
                                             have Senator SCHUMER in the room
                                                                                                     Americans at home right now cherish                    been voted down twice—once in Sep-
                                             where it happened, where the last nego-
                                                                                                     music and entertainment and that part                  tember and once in October.
                                             tiations were made.
                                               I also want to thank Senators SHA-                    of America like they have never done                     To date, we, the Republicans, have
                                             HEEN and COLLINS, who worked on this                    because they are watching things                       offered targeted relief legislation,
                                             in the original negotiation; Senators                   alone. They are listening to concerts                  voted in favor of enhanced employment
                                             CARDIN and RUBIO with the Small Busi-                   by themselves. They are listening to                   benefits, more money for our schools,
                                             ness Committee, who made this a pri-                    them with their iPhones, or they are                   which would have been great to have
                                             ority; and finally, our House authors,                  listening to them on their computers,                  had in early September and should
                                             our bipartisan House authors out there,                 and it is not quite the same.                          have had in early September. We voted
                                             Representatives WELCH and WILLIAMS,                       We also know that all of these artists               in favor of stand-alone emergency
                                             for their work.                                         don’t exactly get a big boost up by                    funding for the Paycheck Protection
                                               So how this works—the Small Busi-                     themselves with huge funding when                      Program, which we know is exceed-
                                             ness Administration will create a new                   they first start out. So many of them                  ingly important, and more dollars for
                                             $15 billion grant program to help                       start out at these little venues—a                     vaccines and testing so that we could
                                             venues cover 6 months of expenses and                   country music band playing at the                      get the great news of the vaccine that
                                             make it through this pandemic. We are                   Bluestem Amphitheater; a little local                  we see coming forward out to every-
                                             very hopeful that once the summer                       theater troupe trying out a new play in                body in this country. We offered all
                                             comes, we are going to see more and                     Lanesboro, MN. They can’t do it with-                  kinds of ideas to the other side, but
                                             more openings because of the vaccine,                   out these venues.                                      they blocked it—all of it. I am glad to
                                             because of what I hope will be, with a                    So today we celebrate the fact that                  say that after all this, we have finally
                                             new administration, an increased em-                    we held together. Not only are we pass-                joined together, realizing that, yes, a
                                             phasis on testing, and that we will see                 ing this bill as a part of this package,               deal is better than no deal.
                                             more and more venues able to open.                      we actually brought in friends, and we                   Last week, unfortunately, a very
                                               The grants can be used to cover all                   brought in partners, and we made it an                 good friend of mine passed away after
                                             the major costs the venues have to pay                  even bigger deal than it was to begin                  battling coronavirus. At one point in
                                             to stay in business, including rent and                 with.                                                  her life, she was a small business
                                             mortgage, utilities, employee wages,                      So as I began by quoting the great                   owner. I thought so much about her
                                             key benefits, maintenance costs, State                  Bob Dylan from Minnesota, I will end.                  over the last several weeks. I thought,
                                             and local taxes, payments to contrac-                   He once said:                                          what would she say if she knew that
                                             tors, and purchases of protective equip-                  Well, I sing by night, wander by day.                months ago, as a small business owner,
                                             ment.                                                     I’m on the road and it looks like I’m here           we could have delivered the same help
                                               Venues that are at the greatest risk                  to stay.                                               to her that we are delivering today.
                                             of closing—sadly, we have already lost                    Finally, we are reaching out to this                   We have to do better by the people
                                             a number of our venues—will have pri-                   group of employees and these busi-                     we represent. It is disappointing that
                                             ority access to the majority of the                     nesses and saying: We want you to be                   politics has gotten in the way. It is dis-
                                             grant funding. All venues will be able                  here to stay.                                          appointing and, quite frankly, insult-
                                             to apply within 4 weeks of the pro-                       So thank you to Save Our Stages and                  ing, in my view, when I see the Speaker




ctelli on DSK11ZRN23PROD with SENATE
                                             gram’s launch with the Small Business                   to all of our colleagues who worked so                 of the House admitting to holding out
                                             Administration, but in the first 2                      hard on this, and special thanks to my                 on this relief because she thought it
                                             weeks, those venues that have suffered                  friend Senator CORNYN. Again, when we                  would be beneficial politically in the
                                             90 percent revenue loss over the year                   did this, we didn’t know if we would be                end. We can do much better than this.
                                             before will be the first to be able to                  able to mount this grassroots effort,                    I am also a proud member of the Ap-
                                             apply for these grants.                                 but it happened because artists and                    propriations Committee. We have



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                                             December 21, 2020                                 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE                                                                 S7895
                                             worked hard to get these funds and re-                  great friend to our family, a longtime                 away spending. This spending has been
                                             sources where they are most needed,                     friend of our family. Godspeed. I know                 going on for decades. Every year, even
                                             especially in a year like this one. But                 she is dancing up there with her mom                   before we get to all the extra COVID-
                                             due to delays, critically needed re-                    and dad because they loved to dance.                   free money, we have been spending $1
                                             sources to combat the opioid epidemic                     The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-                      trillion we don’t have.
                                             have had to wait; investments to im-                    ator from Kentucky.                                      Today’s money is gone, so Congress
                                             prove broadband have had to wait; re-                                     f                                    is spending tomorrow’s money. The
                                             search dollars into Alzheimer’s have                                                                           spending chart is a red line of red ink
                                             had to wait; and the list goes on. This                        GOVERNMENT FUNDING
                                                                                                                                                            that goes on forever. When we talk
                                             is so frustrating to me, as it should be                  Mr. PAUL. Mr. President, Repub-                      about spending tomorrow’s money, it is
                                             to every American, and I know they                      licans like to mock modern monetary                    not just the money that we need next
                                             are frustrated because they tell us they                theory—the idea that government can                    month. It is the money we might need
                                             are.                                                    print money with impunity and that                     in a decade. It is the money we will
                                               But here now, we were able to in-                     government can spend whatever it                       need in one, two, three generations
                                             clude funds for things that are impor-                  wants without the need to tax. Modern                  from now—for national defense and for
                                             tant to me in my State of West Vir-                     monetary theory is basically the Dick                  infrastructure. This is the money that
                                             ginia, such as fossil energy research,                  Cheney ‘‘deficits don’t matter’’ crowd,                your children and your grandchildren
                                             our universities, and the many Federal                  trussed up with a new fancy title.                     will pay back with interest.
                                             facilities that call West Virginia home.                  Most Republicans rightly lampoon                       The deficit doubling and tripling—
                                               I encourage my colleagues to support                  this quackery; that is, when they are                  under George Bush, it went from $5
                                             this important legislation that reflects                not practicing the quackery them-                      trillion to $10 trillion. Under President
                                             our Nation’s priorities and funds the                   selves. Today, many of these same Re-                  Obama, it went from $10 trillion to $20
                                             government, which is our responsi-                      publicans will vote for a bill that                    trillion. We are now at $27 trillion, but
                                             bility as Members of Congress.                          makes modern monetary theory look                      we are adding it at $1 trillion a year be-
                                               Within the Omnibus appropriations                     like child’s play in comparison. The                   fore we get to this COVID budget-bust-
                                             act is the fiscal year 2021 Homeland Se-                monster spending bill presented today                  ing bailout.
                                             curity appropriations bill. I chair that                is not just a ‘‘deficits don’t matter’’                  Every tax-paying American already
                                             subcommittee, and it is with great                      disaster, it is everything Republicans                 owes over $136,000, and they are staring
                                             pride that I can report to the American                 say they don’t believe in.                             at projections into the future that
                                             people and to West Virginians that this                   This bill is free money for everyone.                show no end. We are $27 trillion in debt
                                             title invests billions of dollars to pro-               Proponents don’t care if you are fully                 today. How do we expect a child to
                                             tect our homeland.                                      employed or own your own house or                      have the economic opportunity when
                                               We maintain our commitment to bor-                    own your own business. ‘‘Free money                    this crushing debt is their inheritance
                                             der security through a border wall sys-                 for everyone,’’ they cry. And yet, if
                                             tem to include physical barriers and                                                                           from Congress? The numbers are mind-
                                                                                                     free money were the answer and if                      boggling. It is hard to conceive of what
                                             enhanced technologies.                                  money really grew on trees, why not
                                               We avoided a drastic cut to our cyber                                                                        $1 billion is, much less $1 trillion.
                                                                                                     give more free money? Why not give it                    How big is $1 billion? Well, a billion
                                             security capabilities that we see we
                                                                                                     out all the time? Why stop at $600 a                   seconds ago was 1988 and Reagan was
                                             need now more than ever after all of
                                                                                                     person? Why not $1,000? Why not $2,000?                President. A billion minutes ago, Jesus
                                             the reports and the vicious cyber at-
                                                                                                     Maybe these new free-money Repub-                      walked the shore of the Sea of Galilee.
                                             tack that we uncovered that has been
                                                                                                     licans should join the ‘‘everybody gets                A billion hours ago, man still lived in
                                             launched against many of those in our
                                                                                                     a guaranteed income’’ caucus. Why not                  caves. But $1 billion ago, was just 80
                                             country, not just the government but
                                             the private sector as well.                             $20,000 a year for everybody? Why not                  minutes ago—$1 billion ago, at the rate
                                               We continue our commitment to use                     $30,000? If we can print up money with                 Congress spends money, was just 80
                                             every resource at our disposal in the ef-               impunity, why not do it?                               minutes ago.
                                             fort to prevent those opioids that are                    The Treasury could just keep print-                    All of this should be setting off alarm
                                             killing our people. We see overdoses                    ing the money; that is, until someone                  bells. But the only alarm bells in Con-
                                             going up and deaths from overdoses                      points out that the Emperor has no                     gress are sounding the alarm for more
                                             going up during this pandemic. We                       clothes and that the dollar no longer                  spending and more debt. No cuts, no
                                             tried to get the resources to our Home-                 has value. To so-called conservatives                  offsets,     no    pay-fors,     and   no
                                             land Security folks to prevent those                    who are quick to identify the socialism                prioritization. Just print it up. Print
                                             drugs from entering into this country                   of Democrats, if you vote for this                     up more money and give it out to ev-
                                             at all.                                                 spending monstrosity, you are no bet-                  erybody because it is free money. Come
                                               The men and women at the Depart-                      ter. When you vote to pass out free                    and get yours while the getting is good.
                                             ment of Homeland Security work con-                     money, you lose your soul, and you                     But it leads to a mountain of debt.
                                             stantly against threats both old and                    abandon forever any semblance of                       Spend all this money and leave the fu-
                                             new, traditional and emerging, and de-                  moral or fiscal integrity.                             ture to figure itself out.
                                             serve the support this legislation gives                  So the next time you see Republicans                   John Maynard Keynes was once
                                             them.                                                   in high moral dudgeon, claiming and                    asked: What about the long run?
                                               So while this is great news in the                    complaining about spending of Demo-                      He said: In the short run, you can
                                             end, I will repeat what I said earlier,                 crats and socialism, remind them—re-                   make a stimulus. You can print money,
                                             and that is, Congress can do better. We                 mind them if they supported this mon-                  and you can give it to everybody.
                                             could have done this earlier, and it                    strous bill, that really the difference                  And Maynard Keynes, his response
                                             should have been done earlier. So there                 between the parties is less Adam Smith                 was: In the long run, we will all be
                                             is no reason we should be standing here                 versus Marx and more Marx versus                       dead; no concern for the future, only
                                             several days before Christmas dis-                      Engels.                                                for the immediate.
                                             cussing the items that were ready to go                   How bad is our fiscal situation? Well,                 Our budget deficit for 2020 was $3.3
                                             several months ago, but we are where                    the Federal Government brought in                      trillion, but this new spending package
                                             we are. As we turn the page gleefully                   $3.3 trillion last year and spent $6.6                 will also give us another $2 trillion in
                                             into 2021, I think we should all pledge                 trillion. The deficit last year, a record-             the next fiscal year. By refusing to ac-
                                             to one another and to the country that                  busting $3.3 trillion. If you are looking              knowledge the debt crisis, we are only
                                             we will do better, that we will work                    for more COVID bailout money, we                       hastening the day of economic reck-




ctelli on DSK11ZRN23PROD with SENATE
                                             better with each other and prevent pol-                 don’t have any. The coffers are bare.                  oning.
                                             itics from infecting every decision that                We have no rainy day fund. We have no                    Total debt was 55 percent of GDP just
                                             could positively impact so many people                  savings account. Congress has spent all                20 years ago. Today, it is 128 percent of
                                             in this country.                                        the money long ago.                                    GDP. So our annual or our total debt is
                                               Lastly, I give a hat tip to my friend,                  The economic damage from this pan-                   more than our GDP—128 percent of our
                                             whom I will miss seeing and who was a                   demic is not the reason for this run-                  GDP. The World Bank estimates there



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