Order — United States v. Rafael Grullon (Southern District of New York, Document 76, filed March 28, 2024)

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An Order filed March 28, 2024 as Document 76 in United States v. Rafael Grullon, No. 7:24-CR-00187 (CS), in the United States District Court, Southern District of New York, from United States District Judge Cathy Seibel. The Order is entered under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 5(f) and the Due Process Protections Act to confirm the Government's disclosure obligations under Brady v. Maryland and to summarize the possible consequences of violating them. It states that the Government must disclose information "favorable to an accused" and may apply to the Court for a modification of its obligations. If the Government fails to comply, the Court may, among other steps, grant a continuance or impose evidentiary sanctions. It is dated March 28, 2024 and ends with a signature line for Cathy Seibel.

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                 Case 7:24-cr-00187-CS Document 76 Filed 03/28/24 Page 1 of 3



UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
----------------------------------------------------------------------X
                   United States of America
                                                                                                  ORDER
                                     v.
                                                                                            7:24-CR-00187 (CS)
                            Rafael Grullon,
                                                     Defendant(s),
----------------------------------------------------------------------X

Cathy Seibel, United States District Judge:

           This Order is entered, pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 5(f) and the Due

Process Protections Act, Pub. L. No 116–182, 134 Stat. 894 (Oct. 21, 2020), to confirm the

Government’s disclosure obligations under Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), and its

progeny, and to summarize the possible consequences of violating those obligations.

           The Government must disclose to the defense all information “favorable to an accused” that

is “material either to guilt or to punishment” and that is known to the Government. Id. at 87. This

obligation applies regardless of whether the defendant requests this information or whether the

information would itself constitute admissible evidence. The Government shall disclose such

information to the defense promptly after its existence becomes known to the Government so that

the defense may make effective use of the information in the preparation of its case.

           As part of these obligations, the Government must disclose any information that can be used

to impeach the trial testimony of a Government witness within the meaning of Giglio v. United

States, 405 U.S. 150 (1972), and its progeny. Such information must be disclosed sufficiently in

advance of trial in order for the defendant to make effective use of it at trial or at such other time as

the Court may order. 1

           The foregoing obligations are continuing ones and apply to materials that become known to



1
    This Order does not purport to set forth an exhaustive list of the Government’s disclosure obligations.
              Case 7:24-cr-00187-CS Document 76 Filed 03/28/24 Page 2 of 3



the Government in the future. These obligations also apply to information that is otherwise subject

to disclosure regardless of whether the Government credits it.

        In the event the Government believes that a disclosure under this Order would compromise

witness safety, victim rights, national security, a sensitive law-enforcement technique, or any other

substantial government interest, it may apply to the Court for a modification of its obligations,

which may include in camera review or withholding or subjecting to a protective order all or part of

the information otherwise subject to disclosure. 2

        For purposes of this Order, the Government has an affirmative obligation to seek all

information subject to disclosure under this Order from all current or former federal, state, and local

prosecutors, law enforcement officers, and other officers who have participated in the prosecution,

or investigation that led to the prosecution, of the offense or offenses with which the defendant is

charged.

        If the Government fails to comply with this Order, the Court, in addition to ordering

production of the information, may:

        (1) specify the terms and conditions of such production;

        (2) grant a continuance;

        (3) impose evidentiary sanctions;

        (4) impose contempt or other sanctions on any lawyer responsible for violations of the
            Government’s disclosure obligations, or refer the matter to disciplinary authorities;

        (5) dismiss charges before trial or vacate a conviction after trial or a guilty plea; or

        (6) enter any other order that is just under the circumstances.




2
 The Classified Information Procedures Act sets forth separate procedures to be followed in the event that the
Government believes matters relating to classified information may arise in connection with the prosecution. See 18
U.S.C. app. 3 §§ 1 et seq.
                                                          2
           Case 7:24-cr-00187-CS Document 76 Filed 03/28/24 Page 3 of 3



         SO ORDERED.

Dated:   March 28, 2024
         White Plains, New York




                                         __________________________________
                                                Cathy Seibel, U.S.D.J.




                                        3


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