Resolution — H. Res. 438, Third Reconstruction: Fully Addressing Poverty and Low Wages (House)
Summary
H. Res. 438, titled Third Reconstruction: Fully addressing poverty and low wages from the bottom up, is a resolution submitted in the House of Representatives on May 25, 2021 by Ms. Lee of California and referred to the Committee on Oversight and Reform. The preamble states that there are over 140 million people who are poor, low-wealth, or just one emergency away from economic ruin in the United States. The resolution states the sense of Congress to recognize that the United States Federal budget is a moral document. It also states that Congress commits to heal the Nation by prioritizing and centering the needs of the 140 million in laws and legislation.
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- Bills Bills 117Hres438Ih Bills 117Hres438Ih
Cite this document
“Resolution — H. Res. 438, Third Reconstruction: Fully Addressing Poverty and Low Wages (House).”
Original at www.govinfo.gov. Archived at Pandemic Darlings, https://pandemicdarlings.com/source-documents/bills-bills-117hres438ih-bills-117hres438ih/
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IV
117TH CONGRESS
1ST SESSION
H. RES. 438
Third Reconstruction: Fully addressing poverty and low wages from the
bottom up.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
MAY 25, 2021
Ms. LEE of California (for herself, Ms. NORTON, Ms. BUSH, Ms. SEWELL, Ms.
MOORE of Wisconsin, Ms. JACOBS of California, Mr. RASKIN, Mrs. WAT-
SON COLEMAN, Mr. KAHELE, Mr. DESAULNIER, Mr. CICILLINE, Ms.
MENG, Mr. GARCÍA of Illinois, Ms. SCHAKOWSKY, Mr. DANNY K. DAVIS
of Illinois, Mr. LIEU, Mr. SAN NICOLAS, Mr. VARGAS, Ms. JACKSON LEE,
Mr. RUSH, Ms. TLAIB, Mr. LOWENTHAL, Mr. JONES, Mr. GREEN of
Texas, Mr. THOMPSON of Mississippi, Mr. CARSON, Mr. KHANNA, Ms.
ADAMS, Ms. NEWMAN, and Mr. MCGOVERN) submitted the following res-
olution; which was referred to the Committee on Oversight and Reform
RESOLUTION
Third Reconstruction: Fully addressing poverty and low
wages from the bottom up.
Whereas there are over 140 million people who are poor, low-
wealth, or just one emergency away from economic ruin
in the United States;
Whereas the injustice of poverty and low wealth is deeply en-
twined with the injustices of systemic racism, the denial
of health care and ecological devastation, militarism, and
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the distorted moral narrative of religious nationalism that
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seeks to blame the poor instead of addressing systems
that cause poverty;
Whereas there are devastating consequences to these injus-
tices, including that 250,000 die every year due to pov-
erty and inequality alone;
Whereas our entire society suffers when over 40 percent of
the country cannot fulfill their potential or fully partici-
pate in society;
Whereas these widespread conditions cannot be explained by
blaming individual behaviors, nor are they inherent to our
economy or society, but rather they are created and sus-
tained by unjust and immoral laws, policies, systems, and
structures;
Whereas we need the resolve to pass moral and just laws and
policies that fully address these interlocking injustices,
which have only deepened during the COVID–19 pan-
demic;
Whereas before the pandemic, 140 million people were poor,
low-wealth, or one emergency away from economic ruin,
including 52 percent of children (39 million), 45 percent
of women (74 million), 60 percent of Black people (24
million), 64 percent of Latina/o people (38 million), 40
percent of Asian and Pacific Islander people (8 million),
59 percent of Native and Indigenous people (2 million),
and 33 percent of White people (66 million);
Whereas the 140 million live in every region of the Nation,
including 50 million in the South (Alabama, Arkansas,
Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mis-
sissippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee,
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Texas, Virginia), over 40 million in Appalachia (Alabama,
Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Caro-
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lina, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, South Carolina,
Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia), with 8.6 million in
New York alone, over 40 million in the Southwest/Border
(Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada,
Texas, Utah), with 20 million in California alone, 20 mil-
lion in the Midwest deindustrialized States (Ohio, Penn-
sylvania, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin), 11 mil-
lion in the Northeast (Connecticut, Delaware, Massachu-
setts, Maryland, Maine, New Hampshire, New Jersey,
Rhode Island, Vermont), over 7 million in the Northwest
(Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming), nearly 7
million in the Great Plains (Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma,
South Dakota), nearly 700,000 in Hawaii, and 300,000
in Washington, DC;
Whereas systemic racism takes the form of laws and policies
that target people of color, especially poor people of color,
to create and deepen inequities in democracy, health, eco-
nomic security, education, housing, jobs, policing, incar-
ceration, criminalization, and immigration, which has
contributed to the disproportionate impact of COVID–19
on poor communities of color;
Whereas, since 2010, at least 25 States had passed new voter
restrictions, imposing racist gerrymandering and redis-
tricting, restricting early voting and voting hours, purg-
ing voter rolls, closing polling stations, and instituting
onerous voter ID laws, and since the 2020 elections, 43
States have introduced over 250 new bills that further
these restrictions and limit mail-in voting;
Whereas voter suppression laws disproportionately target
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poor, Black, brown, and Native people, they also pave the
way for immoral policies that deny health care, living
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wages, immigrant rights, women’s rights, LGBTQ+
rights, and more;
Whereas nearly 50 million people are working for low wages,
including at least 40 percent of Black and Latina/o work-
ers and approximately 30 percent of White workers, and
a majority (59 percent) of low-wage workers are women;
Whereas approximately 6 million essential workers are immi-
grants, including 5 million undocumented immigrants,
and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders are the high-
est represented subgroup among essential workers;
Whereas more than 25 million workers have been directly
hurt by the economic impacts of the pandemic, and more
than half of the low-wage jobs that were lost have not re-
turned;
Whereas women carry a disproportionate share of unpaid
care work, which would total $1.5 trillion at the current
minimum wage ($7.25);
Whereas the average hourly wage that a full-time worker re-
quires to afford a modest two-bedroom apartment is over
$23 per hour;
Whereas there are 30 to 40 million people at risk of home-
lessness, and an estimated 25 to 50 million people are
facing food insecurity, including a disproportionate share
of Black, Latina/o, American Indian, Alaska Native, Na-
tive Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and multiracial house-
holds;
Whereas of the approximately 60 million adults with disabil-
ities in the country, 26 percent are living below the pov-
erty line, 10 percent are uninsured, and 7 million stu-
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dents with disabilities are enrolled in our public schools;
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Whereas the official poverty measure (OPM) is an inadequate
measure that does not account for today’s cost of living,
including child care, health insurance, and transpor-
tation, and even the supplemental poverty measure
(SPM) does not account for all modern necessities or
debt burdens that siphon household resources away from
meeting basic needs;
Whereas the average cost of living in the Nation amounts to
more than twice the OPM and SPM, close to $60,000 for
a household of four;
Whereas due to these limitations in the measure of poverty,
social welfare and antipoverty programs have been under-
funded, to the extent that only one-quarter of eligible
families received TANF or Federal housing assistance,
SNAP (food stamps) were reduced in 2017 to approxi-
mately $1.40 per meal, and Head Start reaches only 54
percent of eligible 3- to 4-year-olds;
Whereas household debt burdens have grown to over $14 tril-
lion, and half of our families are having difficulty meet-
ing usual household expenses, including approximately
three-quarters of low-income households and Black and
Latina/o families;
Whereas alongside mounting poverty, low wealth, debt, and
economic desperation, poor communities and poor com-
munities of color are hit first and worst by climate
change, pollution, extreme weather, climate disaster, eco-
logical devastation, and related health disparities, includ-
ing during the COVID–19 pandemic;
Whereas an expansion of oil and fossil fuel infrastructure led
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to over 5,000 significant oil and gas leaks or ruptures on
United States pipelines, more than 2,400 oil spills in
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United States waters, and 1,100 coal ash ponds, all of
which are disproportionately proximate to poor commu-
nities;
Whereas decades of residential segregation continue to ex-
pose, especially, Black communities to greater air pollu-
tion, as well as Latina/o, Asian and Pacific Islander, and
poor and low-wealth communities;
Whereas Native and Indigenous reservations cover just 2 per-
cent of the United States, and ancestral and sacred lands
are at risk of being devastated by mining, extraction, and
pollution, because of their vast mineral and natural
wealth;
Whereas tens of millions of Americans cannot afford access
to clean water, 44 million people are living with water
systems that violated the Safe Drinking Water Act, and
approximately 540,000 households lack access to com-
plete plumbing, with Native American households more
likely to face water access issues than other households;
Whereas despite these threats to health, 119 rural hospitals
have been closed in 41 States since 2010, and 87 million
people were uninsured or underinsured leading into the
COVID–19 pandemic;
Whereas the United States has the worst-ranking public
health outcomes among our peer countries, including the
lowest life expectancy and highest infant and maternal
mortality rates, even though we spend more than twice
the amount per capita on health expenditures compared
to other industrialized nations;
Whereas rather than addressing these pressing conditions im-
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pacting our health, well-being, and general welfare, 53
cents of every Federal discretionary dollar go to the Pen-
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tagon, while only 15 cents go toward antipoverty pro-
grams;
Whereas experts have identified up to $350 billion in defense
spending cuts that would both save resources and keep
the country safe and secure;
Whereas the United States wars since 2001 have killed more
than 800,000 people and displaced 37 million more;
Whereas local and State law enforcement agencies have re-
ceived over $7.4 billion worth of equipment from the De-
partment of Defense since 1990;
Whereas of the 19 million veterans in the Nation, 5.4 million
are on disability, nearly 38,000 are homeless, and 7 to
18 percent of military families and veterans are on food
assistance;
Whereas the United States is home to less than 5 percent of
the world’s population, but accounts for 20 percent of the
world’s incarcerated people, most of whom are poor and
the poorest of whom are women and people of color, and
74 percent of those held in jail have not been convicted
of any crime, but are too poor to be free before trial;
Whereas there have been over 1,000 police killings every year
since 2013, with Black, Native, and Indigenous people
more likely to be killed by police, yet 98 percent of police
killings since 2013 have not resulted in a criminal
charge;
Whereas nearly every American will know a gun violence vic-
tim in their lifetimes;
Whereas our strength as a Nation is greater when we wel-
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come newcomers and immigrants, and immigrant families
are vital members of our communities, yet our broken im-
migration system is harmful to immigrants and our soci-
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ety as a whole, it is plagued by backlogs, processing
delays, and overly complex policies, it criminalizes migra-
tion and prioritizes detention, deportation, and the eco-
nomic and political exclusion of immigrants, and it relies
on a largely for-profit detention system that detains tens
of thousands of people and separates families;
Whereas although immigrants, regardless of status, pay more
than $490 billion in taxes, they are virtually excluded
from all safety net programs;
Whereas White supremacist and far-right extremist groups
have been recognized by the Federal Government as a
predominant domestic security threat, however, every
year we spend over $1 trillion in endless wars, mass in-
carceration, policing, immigration, and border enforce-
ment, none of which make us safer;
Whereas billionaires have added more than $1.3 trillion to
their collective wealth from March 2020 to February
2021;
Whereas these interlocking injustices are precipitating the
deconstruction of our democracy and imposing unbear-
able costs to our economy, including that $1 trillion is
lost every year to the costs of child poverty, $1.9 trillion
of government revenue was lost by lowering the corporate
tax rate in 2017, $6.4 trillion has been lost in endless
wars over the past two decades, the costs of the pandemic
are estimated to be at least $16 trillion, and inaction on
climate change threatens the loss of life itself;
Whereas there was record turnout among the 64 million poor
and low-income eligible voters in the 2020 elections, who
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did not vote for a return to ‘‘normal’’;
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Whereas moral policy that prioritizes the 140 million can lift
this Nation from the bottom up, rather than waiting for
wealth to trickle down; and
Whereas drawing on the transformational history of the first
Reconstruction after the Civil War and the second Recon-
struction of the civil rights struggles in the 20th century,
this moment demands a third Reconstruction to revive
our political commitment to implement moral laws and
policies that can heal and transform the Nation: Now,
therefore, be it
1 Resolved, That—
2 (1) it is the sense of Congress to—
3 (A) recognize that—
4 (i) this country is founded on the
5 moral commitment to establish justice, en-
6 sure domestic tranquility, provide for the
7 common defense, promote the general wel-
8 fare and secure the blessings of liberty;
9 (ii) equal protection under the law is
10 nonnegotiable; and
11 (iii) it is a moral abomination that
12 there are more than 140 million people in
13 this country who are poor, low-wealth, or
14 one emergency away from economic ruin;
15 (B) recognize that the United States Fed-
16 eral budget is a moral document that exposes
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17 the priorities and values of our Nation, how-
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1 ever, addressing poverty has not been a top leg-
2 islative or budget priority; and
3 (C) recognize that these times require
4 moral policies aimed at fully addressing the
5 interlocking injustices of systemic racism, pov-
6 erty, the denial of health care and ecological
7 devastation, militarism, and the distorted moral
8 narrative of religious nationalism, as a third
9 Reconstruction to build an equitable, thriving,
10 and resilient economy from the bottom up; and
11 (2) Congress commits to heal the Nation, begin-
12 ning over the next two years, by—
13 (A) prioritizing and centering the needs of
14 the 140 million in laws and legislation, includ-
15 ing in infrastructure development, by—
16 (i) updating the poverty measure to
17 reflect what it takes to have a decent
18 standard of living in the United States
19 today and to establish a new standard for
20 social welfare programs that permanently
21 expand welfare benefits, provide cash as-
22 sistance programs, and guarantee adequate
23 incomes;
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1 (ii) raising the minimum wage to a
2 living wage and guaranteeing the right to
3 form and join unions for all workers;
4 (iii) expanding unemployment insur-
5 ance and ensuring paid family and medical
6 leave for all workers;
7 (iv) implementing a Federal jobs
8 guarantee to increase public investments
9 and infrastructure in poor and low-income
10 communities that prioritize green and so-
11 cially beneficial industries, public health,
12 public education, care work, public transit
13 and roads, public utilities, broadband, sani-
14 tation and water services, climate resil-
15 ience, sustainable food production and dis-
16 tribution, libraries, fire stations, and cul-
17 tural work;
18 (v) guaranteeing safe and quality
19 housing for all by ending all evictions, can-
20 celling past due rent and mortgage pay-
21 ments and expanding the stock of afford-
22 able and public housing, as well as public
23 housing and rental assistance, rather than
24 expanding the shelter system;
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1 (vi) guaranteeing the right to water
2 by ending water and utility shut offs and
3 making clean water and sanitation services
4 accessible to all;
5 (vii) guaranteeing accessible, diverse,
6 safe, high-quality, equitable public edu-
7 cation and accessible education infrastruc-
8 ture from pre-K–12 for all children, ensur-
9 ing that higher education is free to every-
10 one who wants to attend, and protecting
11 and expanding public resources for stu-
12 dents with disabilities;
13 (viii) guaranteeing quality health care
14 for all, enacting a universal single payer
15 national health care program that puts
16 people ahead of profits, expanding our
17 public health infrastructure to better ad-
18 dress social determinants of health, invest-
19 ing in Native American health through
20 fully funding the Indian Health Service
21 and social support for Native Americans,
22 and investing critical resources for health
23 care services and infrastructure in urban
24 and rural underserved communities;
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1 (ix) enacting relief from student debt,
2 housing debt, utilities debt, medical debt,
3 and other household and personal debt
4 that cannot be paid; and
5 (x) ensuring that State, local, and
6 Tribal governments are adequately funded
7 so as to avoid bankruptcy or fiscal crisis;
8 (B) expanding and protecting the right to
9 vote, including by—
10 (i) restoring the full power of the Vot-
11 ing Rights Act by updating the
12 preclearance formula to cover all States
13 and political subdivisions with deep-rooted
14 histories of voter suppression and any and
15 all jurisdictions that recently passed voter
16 suppression laws or utilized voter suppres-
17 sion policies or tactics;
18 (ii) making election day a national
19 holiday;
20 (iii) establishing a fair redistricting
21 process that eliminates all forms of racist
22 and political gerrymandering, allows public
23 input, and guarantees that every vote
24 counts the same;
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1 (iv) increasing polling locations so all
2 eligible voters have equitable access to the
3 polls;
4 (v) implementing no-excuse mail-in
5 voting in every State and requiring all
6 States to offer early voting to extend equi-
7 table timeframes and polling locations;
8 (vi) modernizing voter registration by
9 instituting online, same day, and automatic
10 voter registration; and
11 (vii) ensuring the right to vote for for-
12 merly and currently incarcerated people;
13 (C) complementing existing efforts and leg-
14 islation to eliminate persistent racial inequities
15 in education, health care, housing, jobs, wages,
16 Social Security and veteran benefits, land own-
17 ership, financial assistance, food security, vot-
18 ing rights, and the justice system that are root-
19 ed in our Nation’s history of violence and dis-
20 possession of Native and Indigenous peoples,
21 250 years of chattel slavery, systemic racism,
22 and unjust immigration policies at the expense
23 of Black, Latina/o, Asian American and Pac-
24 ifier Islander, and Native Hawaiian peoples, in-
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25 cluding through—
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1 (i) a national commission to study
2 and develop proposals on reparations for
3 African Americans; and
4 (ii) a national truth, racial healing
5 and transformation commission, which can
6 include recommendations for restorative
7 processes and reparations for Indigenous
8 and other dispossessed people;
9 (D) protecting the constitutional rights of
10 assembly and free speech, including from crit-
11 ical infrastructure legislation and other
12 antiprotest legislation, including by—
13 (i) removing criminal penalties, fines,
14 or other costs for protest activities;
15 (ii) protecting all constitutional activ-
16 ity that occurs in the course of a protest;
17 and
18 (iii) retaining liability for public or
19 private actors for causing harm to pro-
20 testers;
21 (E) enacting comprehensive and just immi-
22 gration reform, including by—
23 (i) demilitarizing the southern border
24 and immigration enforcement, closing Im-
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25 migration and Customs Enforcement
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1 (ICE) Enforcement and Removal Oper-
2 ations, and limiting staff and authority of
3 the Border Patrol;
4 (ii) repealing and redressing manda-
5 tory detentions, deportations, child deten-
6 tions and family separations and reuniting
7 families;
8 (iii) ensuring regular and timely ac-
9 cess to legal documentation and residency;
10 and
11 (iv) making public welfare programs
12 available and accessible to all immigrants,
13 regardless of legal status;
14 (F) ensuring all the rights of Native and
15 Indigenous peoples and Tribal nations, includ-
16 ing by honoring treaties, guaranteeing the right
17 to the free expression of their religion, the right
18 to Native and sacred lands, and otherwise pro-
19 tecting against legislation or land transfers that
20 violate these sacred rights;
21 (G) embracing a bold agenda to transform
22 the economy away from climate chaos to a
23 green renewable energy economy that prioritizes
24 poor and low-wealth frontline communities and
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1 builds up publicly owned and controlled green
2 energy infrastructure, including by—
3 (i) investing in a green infrastructure
4 package that provides for equitable public
5 transit, fixes roads and bridges, ensures
6 equitable and affordable housing, edu-
7 cation, and care work and access to
8 broadband, electricity, water, sanitation,
9 and other public utilities, expands public
10 health infrastructure, sustainable food pro-
11 duction and distribution, and community-
12 based institutions like libraries, fire sta-
13 tions, and recreation facilities;
14 (ii) dramatically curtailing air, water,
15 land, and climate pollution; and
16 (iii) creating resilient jobs to help
17 communities prepare for and respond to
18 climate-related disasters and promoting a
19 just worker transition;
20 (H) demilitarizing United States foreign
21 policy, borders, and policing, including by—
22 (i) cutting the military budget by at
23 least 10 percent and providing for a just
24 transition for workers in militarized indus-
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25 tries;
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1 (ii) ending the forever wars, repealing
2 existing Authorizations for the Use of Mili-
3 tary Force, and restoring Congress’s war
4 powers, including over limited uses of force
5 such as airstrikes and drone attacks;
6 (iii) recognizing the three pillars of
7 foreign policy (diplomacy, development,
8 and defense) and pursuing diplomacy over
9 war, including reconsidering forward mili-
10 tary deployments, instituting a nuclear no-
11 first-use commitment, and moving toward
12 nuclear disarmament and curtailing the
13 use of broad economic sanctions that cre-
14 ate mass suffering;
15 (iv) repealing programs like the 1033
16 program that provides military equipment
17 and training to domestic law enforcement
18 agencies; and
19 (v) ending mass incarceration and vio-
20 lent policing, based on the demands of
21 grassroots organizations and communities
22 who are most egregiously impacted by
23 these injustices;
24 (I) enacting fair taxes on corporations,
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25 Wall Street, and the wealthy, including by—
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1 (i) repealing the 2017 tax cuts that
2 reduced the corporate tax rate and the top
3 marginal tax rate;
4 (ii) repealing tax breaks on fossil
5 fuels;
6 (iii) repealing tax breaks for pass-
7 through income;
8 (iv) instituting a financial transaction
9 tax on Wall Street;
10 (v) instituting a wealth tax;
11 (vi) taxing investment income the
12 same as income from work; and
13 (vii) otherwise making the tax code
14 less punitive for poor and low-income peo-
15 ple;
16 (J) alongside cuts to the Pentagon budget
17 and fair taxation, using deficit spending to meet
18 these pressing needs so as to end systemic rac-
19 ism, poverty, ecological devastation, and mili-
20 tarism and address the distorted moral nar-
21 rative of religious nationalism; and
22 (K) encouraging States and cities to enact
23 policies that follow the direction provided by
24 this resolution.
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