Human Trafficking Training Evaluation — Report to the Legislature, Office of Crime Victims Advocacy (June 2026)
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Summary
The Human Trafficking Training Evaluation Report, a June 2026 report to the Legislature by the Office of Crime Victims Advocacy of the Washington State Department of Commerce under RCW 43.280.095. It is the fifth biennial report on the statewide training program on human trafficking laws for criminal justice personnel. The report states that three in-person trainings were held between July 2023 and June 2025, in West Richland, University Place and Oak Harbor, with 127 attendees, of whom 61% were law enforcement and 25% were prosecutors. Pre- and post-training self-evaluations show the largest overall gain in understanding of prosecution of labor trafficking cases, at 154%. The report also covers background on human trafficking and Washington law, including RCW 9A.40.100, training topics, next steps, and appendix tables of score increases by topic and role.
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Human Trafficking Training Evaluation
Report pursuant to RCW 43.280.095
June 2026
Report to the Legislature
OFFICE OF CRIME VICTIMS
ADVOCACY Interim Director Sarah Cliffthorne
v4
Acknowledgments
Statewide Training Workgroup www.commerce.wa.gov
The Office of Crime Victims Advocacy and the
For people with disabilities, this report is available on
Department of Commerce would like to extend
request in other formats. Please call 360-725-4000 with
sincere gratitude to the members of the Statewide
your request.
Training Workgroup, to the trainers who traveled
across the state to make the training as accessible as
possible and for everyone's generosity of their time
and expertise.
Kate Crisham, Assistant U.S. Attorney, Western
District
Gary Ernsdorff, Supervising Attorney, King County
Prosecutor's Office
Elijah Hayward, Detective, Spokane Police
Department
Coreen Schnepf, Pierce County Prosecutor's Office
Alex Slusser, Detective, Bellevue Police Department
Alex Voorhees, Senior Deputy Prosecuting Attorney,
King County Prosecuting Attorney's Office
Maurice Washington, Detective/TFO, Seattle Police
Department
Washington State Department of Commerce
Cindy Guertin-Anderson, Assistant Director
Community Services Division
Trisha Smith, Managing Director
Office of Crime Victims Advocacy
Stephanie Pratt, Program Manager
Victims of Crime Program
Office of Crime Victims Advocacy
Kate Fernald, Research Program Manager
Research and Development Services
Jordan Laramie, State Surplus Property Manager
Research and Development Services
Office of Crime Victims Advocacy
1011 Plum St. SE
P.O. Box 42525
Olympia, WA 98504-2525
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 2
Table of contents
Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................................4
Background ........................................................................................................................................................6
Summary of completed training...........................................................................................................................9
Appendix A: Trainees' self-assessment data...................................................................................................... 12
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 3
Executive Summary
Authorizing legislation
In 2015, the Washington Legislature passed Substitute Senate Bill 5933, codified as RCW 43.280.095, directing the
Department of Commerce Office of Crime Victims Advocacy (OCVA) to establish a statewide training program on
Washington’s human trafficking laws for criminal justice personnel, including prosecutors, law enforcement and
court personnel. The law states:
(1) The office of crime victims advocacy shall establish a statewide training program on Washington's human trafficking
laws for criminal justice personnel.
(2) The training shall be provided where possible by an entity that has experience in developing coalitions, training,
programs, and policy on human trafficking in Washington.
(3) The entity will provide or coordinate training for law enforcement personnel, prosecutors, and court personnel covering
Washington's state anti-trafficking laws, the investigation of sex trafficking cases, and the adjudication of sex trafficking
cases. The training shall encourage interdisciplinary coordination among criminal justice personnel, build cultural
competency, and develop understanding of diverse victim populations including children, youth, and adults.
(4) The office shall provide a biennial report to the appropriate policy committees of the legislature on the statewide
training program, with a focus on the effectiveness of the training.
Legislative compliance
Requirement (RCW 43.280.095) Compliance Report location
Executive Summary;
Statewide training for criminal-justice Three in-person trainings across multiple counties; 127
Summary of completed
personnel attendees; 61% law enforcement, 25% prosecutors
training
OCVA coordination; trainers from county prosecutors’ offices
Provided by experienced entity Training workgroup
and police departments; AUSA participation and FBI
Covers state anti-trafficking laws, sex- Modules on Washington and federal law; investigation; Training topics; Training
trafficking investigation and adjudication adjudication; scenario practice outcomes and findings
Encourages coordination; cultural Interdisciplinary workgroup; modules on victims/survivors, Training outcomes and
competency; diverse populations LGBTQ+, people with disabilities; coordination scores +118% findings; Appendix tables
Fifth biennial; includes pre/post results and gains by topic and Executive Summary;
Biennial report focused on effectiveness
role Appendix A
Overview
This is the fifth biennial report to the Legislature on the statewide training program on human trafficking laws and
investigations. This report includes background information on the human trafficking industry and relevant state
laws, activities completed, a description of the methodology used to measure the effectiveness of the training
program, a description of the next steps for the program recommendations and a conclusion. The Appendix
contains data tables and figures that show progress and impact of the training.
Training outcomes and findings
The Office of Crime Victims Advocacy provided three trainings during the reporting period of July 2023 to June
2025. The first two-day training was provided in West Richland (Benton County). A two-day training was also
provided in University Place (Pierce County). A one-day training was provided in Oak Harbor (Island County). The
two-day trainings are needed as they allow more time for trainers to cover more content and allow for additional
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 4
presentations related to human trafficking. They also provide time for participants to engage in case-scenarios.
The Benton County training had 23 participants, the Pierce County training had 91 and the Island County training
had 13. Training included members from law enforcement and prosecutor offices. During the previous two-year
reporting period, Commerce provided two daylong trainings for 65 individuals.
Self-reported knowledge in pre- and post-training participant evaluations indicates that the training effectively
increased awareness of anti-trafficking laws, investigations, adjudication of cases, interdisciplinary coordination
and diverse populations affected.
Participants average post-training self-evaluation scores rated the new case scenarios segment of the training as
moderately to extremely informative.
Collectively, attendees' greatest learning growth occurred in the "prosecution of labor trafficking cases" portion of
the training according to pre- and post-training self-evaluation scores. Participants’ self-reported level of
understanding of "prosecution of labor trafficking cases" more than doubled participants' average understanding,
increasing average levels of understanding by 154%. Specifically, law enforcements' greatest learning growth
occurred in the "prosecution of labor trafficking" training, increasing understanding by 170%. Prosecutors' greatest
learning growth occurred in the "familiarity with the level of human trafficking of disabled individuals" segment of
the training, increasing understanding by 136%.
Most effective training areas for law enforcement personnel:
Prosecution of labor trafficking cases: average scores nearly tripled from 1.2 to 3.1
Adjudication of labor trafficking cases: average scores nearly tripled from 1.16 to 3.1
Investigating labor trafficking cases in general: average scores more than doubled from 1.4 to 3.3
Adjudication of sex trafficking cases: average scores more than doubled from 1.5 to 3.3
Most effective training areas for prosecutors:
Familiarity with the level of human trafficking of disabled individuals: average scores more than doubled from
1.4 to 3.1
Prosecution of labor trafficking cases: average scores more than doubled from 1.3 to 2.9
Adjudication of labor trafficking cases: average scores more than doubled from 1.4 to 3
Likelihood of routinely engaging/will be more likely to engage in interdisciplinary coordination: average scores
doubled from 1.9 to 4
Next Steps for OCVA's training program
Identify priority training components and update training information to reflect new legislation related to human
trafficking laws
Identify next steps regarding advanced training for law enforcement and prosecutors
Identify training needs and interests of law enforcement and prosecutors related to training on human trafficking
in tribal communities
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 5
Background
The human trafficking industry
Human trafficking is a complex issue affecting children, youth and adults in communities throughout Washington.
The crime of human trafficking includes labor and sex trafficking. Traffickers can be any gender, family members,
strangers, trusted adults, employers or individuals involved in gangs. Traffickers use a variety of tactics to force,
coerce and mislead individuals into situations where they are trafficked. Tactics include physical and sexual
violence, fear, shame, threats and a false perception of “love.”
Human trafficking includes labor and sex trafficking, and it occurs in a wide variety of environments, including in
homes, hotels and motels, massage parlors, and in industries such as restaurants, the fishing industry,
construction, agriculture, home care, manufacturing and landscaping. Individuals may be trafficked to commit
illegal activities, known as forced criminality, such as carjacking, drug dealing, ATM theft, stealing and other crimes.
In addition, sex trafficking relies heavily on social media.
Individuals impacted by human trafficking
As indicated in the first biennial report, traffickers often target individuals who are vulnerable as a result of
systemic inequities.1 Vulnerabilities are not the fault of individuals and can include: poverty; socio-economic status;
race and ethnicity; lack of caregiver and family support; age; physical, cognitive and intellectual disabilities; being
from another country; and other factors. Systemic inequities are a critical factor and can result in lack of education
and employment opportunities, poverty, racism, lack of housing and more. Gender-based discrimination and
violence put women, girls and transgender youth and adults at heightened vulnerability to trafficking. Other factors
that increase an individual’s risk are age, prior experiences of physical or sexual abuse and alienation from one’s
family. 2
Labor trafficking disproportionately affects individuals in the U.S. legally, people and families experiencing poverty
and foreign nationals.
Sex trafficking disproportionately affects young people, people experiencing poverty, people of color, people who
identify as LGBTQ2+ and youth in the Child Welfare system.
It is important to note that boys and men are also impacted by sex trafficking. Several studies among homeless
youth have found that comparable numbers exist for boys and girls who disclose sexual exploitation. 3 In a study
completed in New York City in 2008, 249 youth under 18 self-reported being commercially sexually exploited as
children. Forty-five percent of the sample was male and 48% was female.4
1 Human Trafficking Laws and Investigations, "Statewide Training for Law Enforcement, Prosecutors and Court Personnel,"
2 Washington State Department of Commerce, “Statewide Coordinating Committee on Sex Trafficking: Report on Committee Activities
and Plan to Address Sex Trafficking,"
3 ECPAT USA, "AND BOYS TOO,"
4 Curtis, Ric, Karen Terry, Meredith Dank, Kirk Dombrowski and Bilal Khan, “The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in New York
City, Volume One: The CSEC Population in New York City: Size, Characteristics, and Needs,”
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 6
Challenges in identification of and service delivery to victims of
trafficking
Human trafficking can occur in any demographic and across Washington. Identifying the crime of human
trafficking requires understanding the nuances and sub-culture, individuals targeted and tactics used by traffickers.
It also requires an understanding of the impact of trauma and its effect on trust, behavior, meeting one's basic
needs and relationships. In addition, understanding systemic inequities, risk factors and potential indicators is vital.
With an increased understanding of these factors, professionals will have the skills, knowledge and person-
centered approach to effectively engage with victims of human trafficking and individuals at risk.
Individuals impacted by human trafficking generally do not identify as victims. Moreover, due to the many
complexities of the crime, such as the subculture of sex trafficking, the tactics used by traffickers, the history of
oppression, trauma and violence and mistrust of systems, victims are often reluctant to disclose information, seek
services or report the crime to law enforcement. It is therefore vital that law enforcement, prosecutors, service
providers and other professionals receive training related to the issue of human trafficking, which can result in
more effective strategies to engage with victims/survivors.
Washington laws related to human trafficking
In 2003, Washington became the first state to criminalize human trafficking (RCW 9A.40.100). In 2014, the Polaris
Project published its annual Analysis of State Human Trafficking Laws, listing Washington as one of three states to
receive a perfect score in the 10 categories on which the states were graded. 5 The term "human trafficking"
includes labor trafficking, sex trafficking and commercial sexual abuse of a minor, as defined in (and updated as of
July 1, 2025) RCW 9A.40.100:
Human Trafficking:
(1) A person is guilty of trafficking in the first degree when such person recruits, entices, harbors, transports,
isolates, solicits, provides, obtains, buys, purchases, maintains, or receives by any means another person and:
(a)(i) Knows, or acts in reckless disregard of the fact, that force, fraud, or coercion will be used to cause the
person to engage in forced labor, involuntary servitude, a sexually explicit act, or a commercial sex act; or
(ii) Such person knowingly, or in reckless disregard, causes a person under 18 years of age to engage
in a sexually explicit act or commercial sex act, or benefits financially or by receiving anything of value
from participation in a venture that has engaged in acts set forth in (a)(i) or (ii) of this subsection;
provided, that it is not a defense that such person did not know, or recklessly disregarded the fact,
that the other person was under 18 years of age or believed the other person was older, as the case
may be; and
(b) The acts or venture set forth in (a)(i) or (ii) of this subsection:
(i) Involve such person committing or attempting to commit kidnapping;
(ii) Involve a finding of sexual motivation;
(iii) Involve the illegal harvesting or sale of human organs; or
(iv) Result in a death.
(2) Trafficking in the first degree is a class A felony.
5 Polaris Project, "2014 State Ratings on Human Trafficking Laws,"
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 7
Commercial sexual abuse of a minor:
Commercial sexual abuse of a minor is defined by RCW 9.68A.100 as providing or agreeing to provide anything of
value to a minor or a third person with the understanding that in return such minor will engage in sexual conduct
with him, her or them.
Purpose of training
The primary purpose of the statewide training program is to use a people-centered approach to promote the use of
existing laws to initiate sustainable and viable investigations, prosecutions and adjudications. Trainings include
presentations and small group exercises on case scenarios. To achieve these ends, prosecutors, members from
law enforcement and other criminal justice personnel received training across 10 subject matter areas.
Training topics
1) Investigation of sex trafficking cases
2) Adjudication of sex trafficking cases
3) Washington and federal human trafficking laws
4) Search warrants
5) Sex trafficking
6) Labor trafficking
7) Diverse populations impacted by human trafficking
8) Working with and interviewing victims
9) Service providers/services available
10) Engagement in interdisciplinary coordination
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 8
Summary of completed training
The training team completed a total of three in-person trainings during the two-year reporting period (July 2023 to
June 2025), one one-day training and two two-day trainings.
A total of 127 attendees participated in the statewide training for law enforcement and prosecutors in the 2024-
2025 biennium. Of those, 75 submitted pre- and post-training evaluations, and 23 submitted post-training
evaluations only. Some attendees had to adjust their training attendance due to appointments or unexpected work
responsibilities. Because these individuals either left incomplete surveys or did not complete a survey, their survey
responses were not included in the analysis.
Overall, 61% of attendees were law enforcement, 25% were prosecutors, and the remaining 14% of attendees were
either law enforcement or prosecutors who did not indicate their profession on their training evaluation survey.
Attendee information
Oak Harbor Information:
• 13 trainees attended in total
• 8 were law enforcement officers
• 4 were prosecutors
• 1 was either a law enforcement officer or a prosecutor
West Richland information:
• 23 trainees attended in total
• 14 were law enforcement officers
• 7 were prosecutors
• 2 were either law enforcement officers or a prosecutor
University Place information:
• 91 trainees attended in total
• 64 were law enforcement officers
• 24 were prosecutors
• 3 were either law enforcement officers or prosecutors
Training workgroup
A workgroup of professional subject matter experts from the anti-trafficking and criminal justice fields guides the
Human Trafficking Training Program. The trainers for this project are from King and Pierce Counties, including
Seattle Police Department Detectives, a Bellevue Police Department Detective, a Renton Police Department
Detective, King and Pierce County Prosecuting Attorneys, the US Attorney's Office, Western District and FBI.
The statewide training workgroup met in January 2024 and had several meetings through 2025. The group
discussed updating the training modules and extending the training to two days to cover additional topics, such as
case scenarios and labor trafficking. If extended, more time would be available to present information on working
with and interviewing victims, covering search warrants and practicing case scenarios. This would also address
participants’ feedback recommending an extended training format to provide additional time for networking and
discussion. The training workgroup decided to expand the one-day training to two days.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 9
The first two-day training was in West Richland and included a presentation on search warrants presented by a
subject matter expert and role-play scenarios where trainees worked with actors to practice implementing the
lessons learned.
In 2024 the Office of Crime Victims Advocacy received confirmation from the Attorney General’s Office that labor
trafficking could be included in the statewide training. The workgroup discussed whether to hold a separate
training on labor trafficking or incorporate labor trafficking into the two-day training. The workgroup decided the
best use of time would be to incorporate the labor trafficking presentation into the two-day training. Accordingly,
the second two-day training in University Place included a presentation about labor trafficking, industries where
labor trafficking often occurs, how to work with victims and other critical information.
There has been an increase in training requests, especially in Central and Eastern Washington. With increased
requests and limited capacity of current trainers, the workgroup identified additional trainers to assist with training.
Due to the geographical, population, demographic and other differences and nuances of human trafficking across
the state, the workgroup identified criminal justice professionals from Central and Eastern Washington to
participate in training development and planning. The workgroup is considering larger training venues for more law
enforcement and prosecutors to attend.
Key training findings
Trainee analysis
Respondents demonstrated sound knowledge and increased familiarity in each training area. Examining training
effectiveness by trainee type offers nuanced insight into the most- and least-effective training areas.
Participants rated their familiarity with each training topic on pre- and post-training evaluations. Familiarity was
rated from one to five, with one representing "not at all aware of" the category and five representing "extremely
aware of" the topic. The difference between pre- and post-training scores conveys training effectiveness. A
summary of these findings is below.
Tables in Appendix A illustrate the change in scores between the pre- and post-test assessment for each training
area and the training's effectiveness for each survey question.
Law enforcement
The most effective areas of the training for law enforcement personnel:
Prosecution of labor trafficking cases
(Average scores nearly tripled from 1.2 to 3.1, increasing understanding by 170%)
Adjudication of labor trafficking cases
(Average scores nearly tripled from 1.16 to 3.1, increasing understanding by 165%)
Investigating labor trafficking cases in general
(Average scores more than doubled from 1.4 to 3.3, increasing understanding by 132%)
Adjudication of sex trafficking cases
(Average scores more than doubled from 1.5 to 3.3, increasing understanding by 124%)
The area with the least effective training for law enforcement personnel:
Services available for victims from community-based organizations in my area (familiarity increased by 59%)
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 10
Prosecutors
The most effective areas of the training for prosecutors:
Familiarity with the level of human trafficking of disabled individuals
(Average scores more than doubled from 1.4 to 3.1, increasing understanding by 136%)
Prosecution of labor trafficking cases
(Average scores more than doubled from 1.3 to 2.9, increasing understanding by 125%)
Adjudication of labor trafficking cases
(Average scores more than doubled from 1.4 to 3, increasing understanding by 115%)
Likelihood of routinely engaging/will be more likely to engage in interdisciplinary coordination
(Average scores more than doubled from 1.9 to 4.0, increasing understanding by 113%)
The area with the least effective training for prosecutors:
How to work with victims (familiarity increased by 43%)
Program next steps
Prioritize training components, update training information to reflect new legislation related to human
trafficking laws and assess training modules: Adapt training to best meet the needs of law enforcement and
prosecutors and include an update on new legislation related to human trafficking laws.
Identify training needs and interests of law enforcement and prosecutors related to human trafficking in Indian
Country: Human trafficking occurs in tribal communities. However, there are limited training opportunities for law
enforcement and prosecutors related to this issue. There are also complexities related to law enforcement
jurisdiction, tribal code, state and federal laws, government and tribal jurisdiction regarding where the crime
occurred, involved parties and more.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 11
Appendix A: Trainees' self-assessment data
The following tables provide data about attendees' self-reported familiarity score for each training topic based on
pre- and post-training self-assessments. The self-assessments asked trainees to rate their level of familiarity with
each training topic from one to five according to the following scale:
1 — Not at all aware of
2 — Slightly aware of
3 — Somewhat aware of
4 — Moderately aware of
5 — Extremely aware of
The purpose of the pre- and post-training self-assessments was to gauge if attendees' self-reported levels of
familiarity with each training topic increased as a result of the training, and if so, by how much.
Table 1 presents each training topic, attendees' average familiarity score with a topic before the training, attendees'
average familiarity score after the training and the difference between the scores. 6
Tables 2 and 3 separate familiarity scores by profession to highlight that each profession increased familiarity the
most in different training topics. Table 2 shows law enforcements' average self-assessment scores while Table 3
shows prosecutors'.
Table 4 presents a side-by-side comparison of all attendees', law enforcements' and prosecutors' average increase
in familiarity scores for each training topic, as well as the average percent by which the scores increased. 7
Table 1: All attendees' self-reported familiarity scores
Table 1 lists all attendees' average, self-reported familiarity score for each training topic based on pre- and post-
training self-assessments. Each row includes the training topic and all attendees' average pre-training familiarity
score, post-training familiarity score and the average difference between the pre- and post-training familiarity
scores.
Training increased my Pre-training familiarity Post-training familiarity
Familiarity score increased by
familiarity with… score score
The applicability of Washington
2.36 3.96 1.60
human trafficking laws
The applicability of federal human
trafficking laws prior to this 1.77 3.24 1.47
training
Investigating sex trafficking cases
2.27 3.63 1.37
in general
Investigating labor trafficking
1.43 3.23 1.80
cases in general
6 For each training topic, the average change in familiarity score was calculated by subtracting the pre-training self-reported familiarity score
from the post-training self-reported familiarity score.
7 For each training topic, the percent that familiarity scores increased by was calculated by determining the difference between the pre- and
post-training scores, then dividing that difference by the original score, then by multiplying the result by 100 to express it as a percentage.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 12
Training increased my Pre-training familiarity Post-training familiarity
Familiarity score increased by
familiarity with… score score
Personal involvement with sex
1.59 2.94 1.35
trafficking investigations
Prosecution of sex trafficking
1.83 3.46 1.64
cases
Prosecution of labor trafficking
1.20 3.05 1.85
cases
Adjudication of sex trafficking
1.77 3.40 1.63
cases
Adjudication of labor trafficking
1.23 3.04 1.81
cases
Role of community-based
agencies/organizations in
1.97 3.30 1.32
addressing human trafficking in
my area
Services available for victims from
community-based organizations in 2.05 3.16 1.10
my area
Likelihood of routinely
engaging/will be more likely to
1.77 3.86 2.09
engage in interdisciplinary
coordination.
Human trafficking of LGBTQ
1.75 3.21 1.47
individuals
Human trafficking of boys 1.77 3.24 1.46
Human trafficking of men 1.52 3.17 1.65
Human trafficking of people of
1.91 3.29 1.38
color
Human trafficking of girls 2.21 3.56 1.35
Human trafficking of women 2.25 3.60 1.35
How to work with victims 2.29 3.52 1.23
Table 2: Law enforcements' self-reported familiarity scores
Table 2 lists law enforcements' average, self-reported familiarity score for each training topic based on pre- and
post-training self-assessments. Each row includes the training topic and law enforcements' average pre-training
familiarity score, post-training familiarity score and the average difference between their pre- and post-training
familiarity scores.
Training increased my Pre-training familiarity Post-training familiarity
Familiarity score increased by
familiarity with… score score
The applicability of Washington
2.37 3.96 1.59
human trafficking laws
The applicability of federal human
trafficking laws prior to this 1.80 3.26 1.46
training
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 13
Training increased my Pre-training familiarity Post-training familiarity
Familiarity score increased by
familiarity with… score score
Investigating sex trafficking cases
2.16 3.56 1.41
in general
Investigating labor trafficking
1.40 3.25 1.85
cases in general
Personal involvement with sex
1.57 2.98 1.41
trafficking investigations
Prosecution of sex trafficking
1.59 3.38 1.79
cases
Prosecution of labor trafficking
1.16 3.13 1.97
cases
Adjudication of sex trafficking
1.48 3.31 1.83
cases
Adjudication of labor trafficking
1.16 3.08 1.92
cases
Role of community-based
agencies/organizations in
1.98 3.38 1.40
addressing human trafficking in my
area
Services available for victims from
community-based organizations in 2.04 3.24 1.21
my area
Likelihood of routinely
engaging/will be more likely to
1.72 3.85 2.13
engage in interdisciplinary
coordination.
Human trafficking of LGBTQ
1.69 3.27 1.59
individuals
Human trafficking of boys 1.73 3.28 1.55
Human trafficking of men 1.49 3.22 1.73
Human trafficking of people of
1.84 3.27 1.43
color
Human trafficking of girls 2.04 3.54 1.50
Human trafficking of women 2.10 3.57 1.47
How to work with victims 2.16 3.60 1.44
Table 3: Prosecutors' self-reported familiarity scores
Table 3 lists prosecutors' average, self-reported familiarity score for each training topic based on pre- and post-
training self-assessments. Each row includes the training topic and prosecutors' average pre-training familiarity
score, post-training familiarity score and the average difference between their pre- and post-training familiarity
scores.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 14
Training increased my Pre-training familiarity Post-training familiarity
Familiarity score increased by
familiarity with… score score
The applicability of Washington
2.33 4.05 1.71
human trafficking laws
The applicability of federal human
trafficking laws prior to this 1.71 2.91 1.20
training
Investigating sex trafficking cases
2.50 3.82 1.32
in general
Investigating labor trafficking
1.50 3.05 1.55
cases in general
Personal involvement with sex
1.63 2.52 0.90
trafficking investigations
Prosecution of sex trafficking
2.33 3.71 1.38
cases
Prosecution of labor trafficking
1.29 2.90 1.61
cases
Adjudication of sex trafficking
2.38 3.57 1.20
cases
Adjudication of labor trafficking
1.38 2.95 1.58
cases
Role of community-based
agencies/organizations in
1.96 3.09 1.13
addressing human trafficking in
my area
Services available for victims from
community-based organizations in 2.08 3.09 1.01
my area
Likelihood of routinely
engaging/will be more likely to
1.88 4.00 2.13
engage in interdisciplinary
coordination.
Human trafficking of LGBTQ
1.88 3.18 1.31
individuals
Human trafficking of boys 1.88 3.23 1.35
Human trafficking of men 1.58 3.18 1.60
Human trafficking of people of
2.04 3.41 1.37
color
Human trafficking of girls 2.54 3.73 1.19
Human trafficking of women 2.54 3.77 1.23
How to work with victims 2.54 3.64 1.09
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 15
Table 4: Comparing average familiarity scores
Table 4 presents a side-by-side comparison of all attendees', law enforcements' and prosecutors' average increase
in familiarity score for each training topic, as well as the average percent by which the scores increased 8. The
difference between pre- and post-training scores is expressed as a number (indicating the average number of
points by which attendees' average familiarity scores increased from pre- to post-training self-assessments for
each training topic) and as a percent (indicating the average percent by which each score increased).
Table 4 also separates all attendees' data into two subgroups: law enforcement and prosecutors.
• Column one: each training topic
• Columns two and three: all attendees' average increase in familiarity
• Columns four and five: law enforcements' average increase in familiarity
• Columns six and seven: prosecutors' average increase in familiarity
All groups’ All groups’ Law
average average % Law enforcements’ Prosecutors’
Training increased my
score score enforcements’ average % Prosecutors’ average %
familiarity with…
increased increased average score score increased average score score
by by increased by by increased by increased by
The applicability of Washington
human trafficking laws 1.6 68% 1.6 67% 1.7 73%
The applicability of federal
human trafficking laws prior to
this training 1.5 83% 1.5 81% 1.2 70%
Investigating sex trafficking
cases in general 1.4 60% 1.4 65% 1.3 53%
Investigating labor trafficking
cases in general 1.8 126% 1.9 132% 1.5 103%
Personal involvement with sex
trafficking investigations 1.4 85% 1.4 90% 0.9 55%
Prosecution of sex trafficking
cases 1.6 90% 1.8 113% 1.4 59%
Prosecution of labor trafficking
cases 1.8 154% 2.0 170% 1.6 125%
Adjudication of sex trafficking
cases 1.6 92% 1.8 124% 1.2 50%
Adjudication of labor
trafficking cases 1.8 147% 1.9 165% 1.6 115%
Role of community-based
agencies/organizations in
addressing human trafficking
in my area 1.3 67% 1.4 71% 1.1 58%
Services available for victims
from community-based
organizations in my area 1.1 54% 1.2 59% 1.0 48%
Likelihood of routinely
engaging/will be more likely to 2.1 118% 2.1 124% 2.1 113%
8 based on the difference between attendees' pre- and post-training self-assessment scores.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 16
All groups’ All groups’ Law
average average % Law enforcements’ Prosecutors’
Training increased my
score score enforcements’ average % Prosecutors’ average %
familiarity with…
increased increased average score score increased average score score
by by increased by by increased by increased by
engage in interdisciplinary
coordination.
Human trafficking of LGBTQ
individuals 1.5 84% 1.6 94% 1.3 70%
Human trafficking of boys 1.5 83% 1.6 90% 1.4 72%
Human trafficking of men 1.7 109% 1.7 116% 1.6 101%
Human trafficking of people of
color 1.4 72% 1.4 78% 1.4 67%
Human trafficking of girls 1.4 61% 1.5 73% 1.2 47%
Human trafficking of women 1.4 60% 1.5 70% 1.2 48%
How to work with victims 1.2 54% 1.4 66% 1.1 43%
HUMAN TRAFFICKING TRAINING EVALUATION 17
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