2024 Homicide Statistics for 24 U.S. Cities

Summary

Working Paper 2025-02 from the Center for Public Safety Initiatives at Rochester Institute of Technology, by Irshad Altheimer, Ava Douglas and Vivian Contreras, examines homicides in 2024 across 24 cities, including Rochester, New York, using rates per 100,000 residents. The paper states that 2024 homicide data came from local news outlets and individual agency websites, not the Uniform Crime Report or other official sources. It reports that 70.8% of the cities had decreases in homicide rates from 2023 to 2024, that St. Louis had the highest 2024 rate at 54.4, and that Rochester's rate decreased 20.7%, moving from #6 to #12.

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Issuer: Congressional materials
Document type: 407349 2025 12 08 Chairman Williams Op Ed Criminals Setting The Rule Att0
Date: 2025-12-08
Case: 407349 2025 12 08 Chairman Williams Op Ed Criminals Setting The Rule Att0

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“2024 Homicide Statistics for 24 U.S. Cities.” Dated 2025-12-08. Archived at Pandemic Darlings, https://pandemicdarlings.com/source-documents/2025-12-08-407349-2025-12-08-chairman-williams-op-ed-criminals-setting-the-rule-att0/, SHA-256 2484df67616303100a371736ce05d8480726067b5be32ffcfa9ff9302fa4ad56.

Full text

2024 Homicide Statistics for 24 U.S. Cities

Working Paper 2025-02

Irshad Altheimer, Ph.D.
Ellen M. Granberg Endowed Full Professor | Department of Criminal Justice
Director | Center for Public Safety Initiatives
Rochester Institute of Technology
ixagcj@rit.edu

Ava Douglas
Research Assistant | Center for Public Safety Initiatives
aid4232@rit.edu

Vivian Contreras
Research Assistant | Center for Public Safety Initiatives
vsc1457@rit.edu
2024 Homicide Statistics for 24 U.S. Cities
Center for Public Safety Initiatives

Introduction

This report examines homicide incidents that occurred in 2024 across 24 U.S. cities, including

Rochester, New York. To account for population differences among the cities in this sample, we

calculated the rate of homicides per 100,000 residents. This report identifies possible trends by

highlighting the differences in homicide rates from 2023 to 2024 for twenty-four select U.S. cities.

Cross-city comparisons are essential in understanding violence on a national scale. We used the

Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) Crime Data Explorer tool to gather homicide data agencies had

reported for 2023; homicide data for 2024 was collected from local news outlets and individual

agency websites -- not the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) or other official sources. An official count of

2024 homicides cannot be determined by official sources for more than six months into the following

year. We fully anticipate small discrepancies in homicide counts once official data is released. This

paper is updated and released annually to reflect yearly data.

Results

Comparing U.S. Cities

Table 1 compares trends in homicide across 24 select U.S. cities1. The table shows the percent change

in homicide counts and rates from 2023 to 2024. By calculating percent change, we can identify

differences in homicide rates over time. The cities are ranked from highest to lowest 2024 homicide

rates. It should be noted that yearly fluctuations in homicide levels are a common feature of violence

in America. There are three general conclusions that Table 1 supports: (1) homicide levels across U.S.

1 The 24 cities were chosen based on the Rochester Homicide Statistics report for 2019 & 2020.

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cities vary greatly (50.7 range in homicide rate), (2) the majority of cities observed (70.8%)

experienced decreases in homicide rates from 2023 to 2024, and (3) Rochester’s homicide rate saw a

decrease in 2024 from 2023, moving from 6th to 12th highest rate among the cities listed.

Table 1. 24 U.S. Cities’ Homicide Number, Rate, & Percent Change for 2023 – 2024 2
2023 2023 Current 2024
2023 Population Homicide 2024 Population Homicide % Change
City Homicides Estimate Rate Homicides Estimate Rate Rate
1. St. Louis, MO 158 293,109 53.9 150 275,506 54.4 0.9
2. New Orleans, LA 193 376,035 51.3 124 357,767 34.7 -32.4
3. Detroit, MI 250 636,644 39.3 203 631,524 32.1 -18.3
4. Washington, D.C. 265 672,079 39.4 186 681,683 27.3 -30.7
5. Atlanta, GA 132 510,826 25.8 127 514,465 24.7 -4.3
6. Indianapolis, IN 168 874,182 19.2 209 876,665 23.8 24
7. Richmond, VA 62 229,247 27.0 53 230,017 23.0 -14.8
8. Chicago, IL 499 2,664,454 18.7 573 2,638,159 21.7 16
9. Compton, CA 21 90,986 23.1 18 89,516 20.1 -13
10. Oakland, CA 118 438,072 26.9 81 435,024 18.6 -30.9
11. Hartford, CT 36 119,669 30.1 22 119,626 18.4 -38.9
12. Rochester, NY 47 207,264 22.7 37 206,078 18.0 -20.7
13. Syracuse, NY 18 146,211 12.3 22 145,171 15.2 23.6
14. Greensboro, NC 75 302,307 24.8 43 304,279 14.1 -43.1
15. Dallas, TX 242 1,302,868 18.6 183 1,302,753 14.0 -24.7
16. Buffalo, NY 39 274,686 14.2 38 273,720 13.9 -2.1
17. Pittsburgh, PA 43 303,620 14.2 42 303,413 13.8 -2.8
18. Newark, NJ 53 307,188 17.3 37 303,065 12.2 -29.5
19. Denver, CO 85 713,734 11.9 60 716,234 8.4 -29.4
20. Los Angeles, CA 324 3,857,897 8.4 268 3,795,936 7.1 -15.5
21. Lexington, KY 14 321,122 5.3 22 319,329 6.9 30.2
22. New York City, NY 345 8,516,202 4.1 377 8,097,282 4.7 14.6
23. Omaha, NE 16 488,197 3.3 19 480,194 4.0 21.2
24. Boston, MA 34 663,972 5.1 24 646,622 3.7 -27.5
United States 18,737 332,387,540 5.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A

2 In previous years current population estimates have been pulled from the U.S. Census website. Unfortunately, this year

the information was not available; an alternative source was used which came to its conclusions by observing trends in
U.S. Census data and using that data to inform “...sophisticated mathematical models to create detailed estimates and
projections…”

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Lexington, Kentucky experienced the largest increase in homicide from 2023 to 2024, with a year-to-

year rate increase of 30.2%. This increase is notable given that the 2023 Homicide Report calculated

Lexington having a 24.3% decrease in homicide between 2022 and 2023 (Altheimer et al., 2024). It is

important to note that our use of unofficial sources for the most recent year may result in

fluctuations like these, reflecting preliminary data variability and potentially differing from figures

calculated entirely with official data from respective police departments when it becomes available.

Indianapolis, Indiana, experienced the second-largest increase in homicide from 2023 to 2024 with a

year-to-year rate increase of 24.0%. These increases were not abnormally high for the year as the

next two highest cities observed experienced increases of 23.6% and 21.2%. Considering figures from

the 2023 Homicide Report, however, these changes are notable. We estimated Indianapolis, Indiana,

to have a year-to-year rate increase of 5.5% (Altheimer et al., 2024). While we acknowledge the

limitations of the data we use in that we cannot draw larger assumptions about trends, this finding

should encourage further research on the context driving these changes.

More than half of our sample (70.8%) experienced a decrease from 2023 to 2024; a significant

improvement from 2022 to 2023 when only 62.5% of cities experienced a decrease. Greensboro

experienced the largest decrease in homicide from 2023 to 2024 with a year-to-year rate decrease of

43.1%. It is interesting to see Greensboro with the largest decrease in 2024, as Greensboro was the

city with the highest increase in homicide between 2022 and 2023, with a year-to-year rate increase

of 85.7%. There are a few measures put in place by the Greensboro police department that are likely

addressing the issue of homicide in the city. The department has placed cameras all around the city

to create a real-time crime surveillance system (Winkelmann, 2024). This technology provides the

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police with the ability to monitor the city at all hours of the day. Greensboro also has a violent crimes

reduction team that focuses on investigating non-fatal shootings to apprehend the offender before

their crimes become deadly. Assistant Chief Alston from the Greensboro Police Department believes

that taking the time to investigate minor crimes has paid off, as the minor offenses have less of a

chance of escalating into something fatal. Additionally, Hartford experienced the second largest

decrease in homicide rates from 2023 to 2024 with a decrease of 38.9%.

One of the most significant findings of this year’s report is that with a homicide rate of 34.7, New

Orleans no longer holds the #1 spot for highest homicide rate. In the 2023 homicide report, New

Orleans was estimated to have a 2023 homicide rate of 53.8, which placed the city at the top of the

list; New Orleans was also the #1 city in the 2022 homicide report. It is important to acknowledge the

city’s improvement in homicide rates.

Rochester had a 20.7% decrease in homicide rate from 2023 to 2024 (almost 2 times the decrease

from 2022 to 2023; a significant improvement from the 56.1% increase reported in 2021). Rochester

has also moved down the list from #6 to #12 in respect to highest homicide rates, and now ranks

amongst the middle of the group with a homicide rate of 18.0. Compared to New York metropolitan

cities in our sample, Rochester had the highest homicide rate. Like in previous years, Buffalo,

Syracuse, and New York City had lower homicide rates than Rochester in 2024.

Comparing U.S. Homicide Rates among Cities with Similar Populations

To gain a broader understanding of violence in American cities, we compared 2024 homicide rates

among cities of similar population sizes. Figure 1 shows a comparison of Rochester, New York, with

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cities that have a population below 250,000. As seen in Figure 1, Richmond, VA, had the highest

homicide rate at 23.0 homicides per 100,000 residents. Richmond and Rochester have been closely

ranked in years past, with a difference of only 0.3 homicides per 100,000 residents in 2023. However,

this year’s homicide rates show a more significant difference of 5 homicides per 100,000 people

between the two cities, as Rochester has a rate of 18 homicides per 100,000 residents this year.

The homicide rate for the sample cities with populations below 250,000 ranges between 23 and 15.2

homicides per 100,000 residents. In 2023, the range of homicide rates for these cities was between

27.7 and 16 homicides per 100,000 residents. These findings indicate lesser variation in 2024

homicide levels among these cities.

Figure 1.

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Figure 2 is a comparison of seven cities within our sample with populations between 250,000 and

400,000. St. Louis, Missouri, stands out with a significantly high rate of 54.4 homicides per 100,000

residents. This is the first time since 2021 that St. Louis has had the highest homicide rate out of the

24 select U.S. cities in the Center for Public Safety Initiatives homicide report. It should be noted that

in the 2023 report, New Orleans, Louisiana, was listed as the #1 city with a homicide rate of 53.8, but

after the FBI released their data, it is now clear that St. Louis was actually #1 with a homicide rate of

53.9.

Figure 2.

Figure 3 displays homicide rates of our sample cities with populations between 400,000 and

1,000,000. Like previous years, Detroit had the highest homicide rate in this population category,

with a homicide rate of 32.1 per 100,000 residents. Despite having the highest homicide rate out of

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this group of cities, Detroit did see a 18.3% decrease in its homicide rate from 2023. In 2024, Detroit

again ranked third in highest homicide rate in our entire sample. Figure 3 also highlights the

variations in homicide levels within this population category. Detroit’s homicide rate is about 4 times

higher than Denver’s and about 8 times higher than Omaha's and Boston’s. Conversely, several cities

depicted in this figure have some of the lowest homicide rates in our sample. Denver, Omaha, and

Boston currently rank 19, 23, and 24 in homicide rates, respectively. Further examination is required

to attempt to explain the large differences within this population category.

Figure 3.

Figure 4 examines homicide rates of sample cities with populations above 1,000,000. Of these four

cities, Chicago has consistently had the highest homicide rate for the past seven years. Following the

trend of past years, New York City had the lowest homicide rate within our population category. New

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York City also has one of the lowest homicide rates in our sample, sitting at spot #22 this year.

Though the most populous city in America and reporting the second highest total number of

homicides in 2024 (377), the overall general risk of New York City residents is lower than many of the

cities in the sample.

Figure 4.

Conclusion

The overall objective of this report was to analyze homicide rates and yearly changes across the

nation. We found that American cities have considerable differences in homicide levels, with rates as

high as 54.4 homicides per 100,000 residents (St. Louis) and as low as 3.7 homicides per 100,000

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residents (Boston). Fluctuations in homicide levels are common, but it is still unclear why these

differences exist. Further research will be critical in determining the causes of this phenomenon.

Like in 2023, we found that the homicide levels in more than half (70.8%) of our sample cities

experienced a decrease from 2023 to 2024. This is even more of an improvement from 62.5% of cities

in this sample experiencing a decrease from 2022 to 2023. While this finding is promising it is

important to remember that changes in year-to-year homicide rates are not enough to identify long-

term trends. Additional research should examine five to ten years of homicide-level data to

determine overall trends.

From 2023 to 2024, Rochester’s homicide rate decreased by 20.7%; a marked change from the 12.1%

decrease observed in 2023. While this is certainly good news for the community, it still leaves more

to be desired. Current homicide reduction efforts may need revision, and it is still incredibly

necessary to support the development of new initiatives to reduce homicides in American cities.

The Center for Public Safety Initiatives has conducted this study for the last few years. When the FBI

releases updated data on 2024 homicides, we intend to return to this report to compare the accuracy

of our calculations against theirs. We hope this report serves as a valuable tool for local agency

leaders and policymakers in their attempts to evaluate current strategies to decrease violence in our

city.

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About the Center for Public Safety Initiatives
The Center for Public Safety Initiatives (CPSI) is a multi-disciplinary research center that
examines strategies to reduce crime and enhance the administration of justice. It provides
program evaluation, data analytics, and project management services to area law
enforcement, community non-profits, and other criminal justice professionals, and it
contributes to general knowledge generation of the nature and causes of crime and violence.
Its educational goals include training graduate and undergraduate students in strategic
planning, program evaluation, and policy analysis.

The foundation of the Center is the practice of action research in which relevant data and
analyses are brought to bear on the day-to-day decision-making processes of organizations.
The Center serves the practice of policy development and implementation in real time and is
a testing ground for 21st century university engagement, demonstrating how rigorous
research and analysis can play a role in improving the lives of society’s most marginalized
citizens.

To access our full library of white papers, visit our website at rit.edu/cpsi.

Learn more
• rit.edu/cpsi
• CPSI@rit.edu
• (585) 475-6386

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