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Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting Projects

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Inspector general and oversight reports
Document type
Report
Date
2025-09-02
Case
Report Prac Blueprint Enhanced Program Integrity Chapter 5 2025 09 02

Summary

Chapter 5 of the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee's Blueprint for Enhanced Program Integrity, dated September 2025, sets out lessons learned and best practices from cross-cutting projects in which several Offices of Inspector General (OIGs) worked together on COVID-19 oversight of more than $5 trillion in federal pandemic funding. It states that the chapter draws on group interviews with OIGs that led or took part in six cross-cutting projects. The chapter describes three types of products (new work, derivative or summary work, and guides and resources) and gives tips for the vision, planning, execution and reporting of a project, including surveys, attestation forms, templates and fact-checks. Appendix 5-A lists pandemic-related cross-cutting products with issue dates, type, lead OIG and participating OIGs.

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Full text

                                PANDEMIC RESPONSE
                           ACCOUNTABILITY COMMITTEE




Blueprint for Enhanced
Program Integrity
Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting Projects

September 2025
Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting
Projects

Executive Summary:
The COVID-19 pandemic required oversight entities to coordinate and work together in new ways
to oversee more than $5 trillion in federal pandemic funding. In this chapter, we share lessons
learned and best practices from teams across the Office of Inspector General (OIG) community
who collaborated on work related to COVID oversight activities. Staff from more than one OIG with
experience conducting audits, evaluations, and inspections participated in projects addressing high-
priority issues impacting multiple federal agencies. The projects generally have four main phases:
vision, planning, execution, and reporting. The goal of this chapter is to help guide OIGs on future
cross-cutting projects.



How We Developed the Chapter
We conducted group interviews with OIGs that had led or participated in six cross-cutting projects.
The goal was to identify insights, best practices, and lessons learned in conducting joint oversight
work. The interviews focused on vision, planning, timelines, quality assurance, and internal and
external communications for each project. We also reviewed internal feedback that OIGs provided
during or immediately after the project was completed.

This chapter is designed to provide tips and insights that OIG teams should consider as they
conduct cross-cutting projects, keeping flexibility and adaptability in mind. We define “OIG team” as
the group of OIGs that participated in a project, and the “lead OIG” as the OIG team that primarily
coordinated the logistics for a project.




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                                                                        Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting Projects




What is a Cross-cutting Project
Cross-cutting projects bring together staff from various OIGs, with one OIG typically designated as
the project lead. The projects provide an opportunity to present a whole-of-government perspective
on issues affecting policies and programs across the federal government. See Appendix A for a list
of cross-cutting projects.

In general, projects result in three types of products:

1. New Work: Each OIG gathers and analyzes its own agency’s data, and a lead OIG consolidates
the analyses into a single report. In general, the report is organized around a common theme or
program to identify key insights or takeaways across agencies or programs. OIGs can also publish
the results of their work in traditional reports/products. For example:

    Pandemic Relief Experiences: A Focus on Six Communities.

    Review of Personnel Shortages in Federal Health Care Programs During the COVID-19
    Pandemic.

    Insights on Telehealth Use and Program Integrity Risks Across Selected Health Care Programs
    During the Pandemic.

2. Derivative or Summary Work: OIG teams summarize work previously published by OIGs to
identify key insights or themes across agencies or programs. For example:

    Key Insights: Identity Fraud Reduction and Redress in Pandemic Response Programs.

    Key Insights: State Pandemic Unemployment Insurance Programs.

    Key Insights: COVID-19 in Correctional and Detention Facilities.

3. Guides and Resources: OIG teams identify and review various types of products across the
oversight community. These projects provide reference materials that capture lessons learned and
best practices when conducting oversight work. For example:

    Agile Oversight in a Time of Crisis: Lessons Learned and Best Practices in Conducting Oversight
    during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Agile Products Toolkit.




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                                                                        Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting Projects




Why Cross-Cutting Projects
This type of work comes with complexities, yet it has rewarding possibilities. Projects can be
complicated, take longer than anticipated, and usually fall outside of the “normal” oversight plans
prepared by OIGs each year. Nevertheless, benefits outweigh challenges.

Cross-cutting projects:

  • Provide holistic oversight of issues
    affecting various agencies and their                  To hear more about cross-cutting projects,
    programs.                                             visit these OIG links:
  • Identify trends or patterns of fraudulent             Department of Veteran’s Affairs OIG.
    activities occurring across different                 VA OIG Team Reflects on PRAC Healthcare
    programs.                                             Subgroup Work

  • Offer an opportunity to learn from                    Department of Health and Human Services OIG.
    other OIGs about activities that may                  Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons
    help improve their own OIG’s internal                 Learned by IGs
    processes and procedures.
  • Provide new insights to the OIG
    community, Congress, and the public.




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                                                                            Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting Projects




Conducting Cross-Cutting
Projects
The main phases of a cross-cutting project—vision, planning, execution, and reporting—provide a
structured roadmap for navigating complexity, promoting accountability, and driving meaningful
outcomes. Together, they help project teams stay aligned, adapt to evolving needs, and increase the
likelihood of successful implementation. The following sections explore each phase in detail.

Vision

          Vision                      Planning            Execution                     Reporting

The key first step in conducting a joint oversight project is establishing the project’s vision, which
includes defining the project’s goals, identifying who will be involved, and gaining buy-in from OIG
senior leadership.

Defining project goals
  • Determine the topics of interest that cut across departments and explore the feasibility of
    doing the work.
  • Use surveys to canvas a group of OIGs on
    the areas that they are concerned about                 Surveys:
    in their programs; available data related
                                                            When working with various OIGs, an initial short
    to the program, including access to and
                                                            survey is helpful to identify common challenges
    quality of the data; and work they have                 or risk areas. The survey could include questions
    done on the topic.                                      about:

Identifying participating OIGs                               1. Specific issues that are impacting a program,
                                                                such as identify fraud.
  • Consider the diverse knowledge,
    experience, and skills that each OIG can                 2. Data needed, specifically data sources and
                                                                challenges accessing it, data quality, and
    bring to the project, as well as the number
                                                                estimated time to conduct data analysis.
    of participating OIGs to best support
    project goals.                                           3. Planned, current, and completed work to help
                                                                inform project planning.
  • Work together to designate a lead (or co-
    leads) responsible for overall stewardship
    of the project. The lead OIG can help keep
    the project moving forward and coordinate
    tasks and timelines.



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Supporting the vision
  • Establish among OIG leadership a shared understanding of—and buy-in to—the project’s
    vision. Building consensus and having strong leadership support from beginning to end
    are essential to the project’s success and can help ensure flexibility and accommodate
    differences throughout the project.


Planning

          Vision                      Planning           Execution                   Reporting


Planning how to execute the high-level vision and goals and what part each OIG will play is critical to
the success of the project. Thorough and thoughtful planning will pay dividends down the road.

Establish roles and responsibilities
  • Consider differences in OIG staff’s expertise and availability to match roles and responsibilities
    with project needs and expectations.
  • Define each OIG’s responsibilities, including those of senior leadership and staff, to ensure
    that all participants understand expectations. This clarity strengthens accountability across
    the project.

Communicate regularly
  • Promote project efficiency and effectiveness with frequent communication within the OIG
    team.
  • Ensure meetings, emails, shared documents, and the project timeline are accessible to all
    participants.
  • Use “office hours” to address ad hoc                   Office Hours:
    questions or issues that OIG teams came
                                                           A standing day/time when the lead OIG team is
    across during the project.
                                                           available for participating OIGs to drop in and ask
                                                           questions, discuss challenges, brainstorm potential
Determine standards, methodology,                          solutions, and share best practices.
and quality assurance
  • Discuss standards, methodology, and
    quality assurance early on can prevent delays later.
  • Discuss and understand what standard each OIG will follow and the impact on project
    expectations—CIGIE Blue Book or Silver Book, or the Government Accountability Office (GAO)
    Yellow Book.




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                                                                          Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting Projects




  • Identify the methodologies and quality assurance processes that each OIG plans to use when
    collecting and analyzing data. This can help promote comparable results across OIGs and
    facilitate summarizing data.
  • Establish processes for maintaining records, evidence, and work papers in ways that meet the
    agreed-upon standards.
  • Develop an agreement, such as
    an attestation form, describing the                    What is an Attestation:
    standards that OIG teams will follow when
                                                           An attestation can document the methods that
    conducting the project.                                an OIG used to conduct the project and could
                                                           include a description of the steps it took to verify
Develop the vision for the final product                   data quality. Each OIG signs an attestation for
  • Develop a vision for what the final                    the project.
    product will look like allows each OIG to
    understand what will be required during
    the execution and reporting phases.
  • Identify a “style guide” or standardized template that will be used for the product.

Balance standardization and flexibility
  • Standardize reporting, such as presenting information uniformly across OIGs, can be a
    challenge when doing joint work.
  • Balance standardized reporting with flexibility to demonstrate the uniqueness of each OIG.

Consider scope, timelines, and staffing
  • Determine the project’s scope and avoid increasing it as the project progresses, which could
    lead to mission creep and strain on available resources.
  • Set realistic timelines, factoring in coordination amongst multiple partner OIGs. Build flexibility
    into the timeline and understand that setting a schedule that’s too tight can have negative
    impacts later in the process.
  • The number and capacity of staff participating from each OIG will dramatically impact the
    scope and timeline of the project. Further, many OIGs continue their normal workload in
    addition to conducting joint work. Teams should take stock of these resource considerations
    early in the planning process to ensure OIGs have a reasonable share of responsibilities.




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                                                                         Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting Projects




Execution

          Vision                      Planning           Execution                   Reporting


Once the project team has finished planning, it’s time to execute the vision. Execution may
include collecting and analyzing data or identifying relevant work and scrutinizing for themes, best
practices, and lesson learned.

Collect and analyze data
  • Templates can help save time when
    collecting data and can ensure that                    What is a Template:
    the data is gathered consistently and
                                                           Templates can be extremely helpful when planning
    accurately.                                            and executing the project. In some cases, the lead
  • Flexibility and regular communication                  OIG provides templates for data collection, which
    with the lead OIG are essential to address             can help OIGs collect and report data consistently.
    unexpected challenges that may arise.
  • During data collection, problems with
    the data may surface requiring communication with the lead OIG to determine what data is
    necessary and what adjustments are needed.

Testing the data for completeness and accuracy
  • Build in time to access or request data and to test it for reliability, accuracy, and completeness.
  • Provide a forum for sharing data testing procedures, information technology tools, and
    collectively addressing data challenges.

Ensuring consistent or comparable information within the team
  • Conduct routine updates to the OIG team to ensure that information and data are accurate
    and consistent across agencies.
  • For derivative work, the lead OIG should confirm with the OIGs that themes and findings from
    their published works are summarized and captured accurately.




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                                                                       Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting Projects




Reporting

          Vision                      Planning          Execution                  Reporting


The reporting process for cross-cutting projects consists of several layers of leadership review to
ensure that the content is accurate and has sufficient evidence to support the findings, conclusions,
and recommendations. The process for preparing and issuing the final cross-cutting report falls into
three sections—consolidation, review, and rollout.

Consolidating report content
  • Designate one OIG to lead the                        Project Management:
    consolidation effort, which includes
                                                         With multiple OIGs working on a project
    pulling all the report content into one              simultaneously, version control can be a challenge.
    document and reviewing the draft to                  A web-based project management platform—such
    ensure consistency of tone and format.               as SharePoint—can help manage the process as
                                                         it allows OIGs across departments to maintain,
  • Use a report template to maintain
                                                         access, write, and edit documents or upload files in
    consistency of content and structure                 one system.
    across the OIGs.
  • Include a summary or insights section
    that brings together the work from all OIGs, keeping in mind the need to balance a collective
    message and the unique aspects of each agency.
  • Establish a process to diligently track and manage various versions of the report to maintain
    the integrity of the report.

Reviewing the draft report
  • Calculate review timelines based on OIGs             Fact-Check and Referencing Review:
    having different agency comment periods,
                                                         Reviews typically result in edits and different
    which need to be de-conflicted and
                                                         iterations of a draft. To help ensure that all
    aligned.                                             statements are supported by evidence and that
  • Plan for at least three “review”                     data are still accurate, each OIG conducts its
    activities—reviewing each OIG’s content              own fact-check and references each statement.
                                                         Similarly, the lead OIG conducts a fact-check of
    submissions, reviewing the consolidated
                                                         any summary or aggregated information, including
    draft report, and reviewing the final draft.         charts, graphs, and other data visualizations.
  • Vetting and reviewing drafts across
    multiple OIGs can take a substantial
    amount of time.
  • Small changes to the report can unintentionally alter the accuracy of statements.



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                                                                      Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting Projects




Rolling out the report
  • Have one OIG post the report on Oversight.gov to avoid duplicate postings.
  • Each OIG works with its communications office to broaden outreach and communication
    activities with key stakeholders about the final product.
  • Collaborate within the OIG team to maintain consistency of content and communication across
    the OIGs, including social media and messaging to Congressional and external stakeholders. It
    is helpful to assign a lead OIG to develop this content.



Conducting cross-cutting projects comes with its complexities, can be complicated, take longer than
anticipated, and usually fall outside of the “normal” oversight plans prepared by OIGs each year.
Nevertheless, the benefits of these projects outweigh the challenges.




Pandemic Response Accountability Committee                                                            9
APPENDIX 5-A:
Examples of Pandemic-Related
Cross-Cutting Products

 Report                                       Issuance          Type         Lead OIG   Participating OIGs
A Review of Pandemic Relief Funding and                                                  DOL, ED, HHS,
How It Was Used in Six U.S. Communities:     January 2025       New           PRAC       HUD, Treasury,
Marion County, Georgia                                                                      USDA

A Review of Pandemic Relief Funding and                                                  DOL, ED, HHS,
                                              September
How It Was Used in Six U.S. Communities:                        New           PRAC       HUD, Treasury,
                                                2024
Sheridan County, Nebraska                                                                   USDA

A Review of Pandemic Relief Funding and                                                   DOL, DOT, ED,
How It Was Used in Six U.S. Communities:      July 2024         New           PRAC         HHS, HUD,
Coeur d’Alene, Idaho                                                                     Treasury, USDA

A Review of Pandemic Relief Funding and                                                 DHS, DOL, DOT,
How It Was Used in Six U.S. Communities:      May 2024          New           PRAC      ED, HHS, HUD,
Springfield, Massachusetts                                                              Treasury, USDA

Why Unemployment Insurance Fraud
                                              April 2024      Derivative      PRAC            DOL
Surged During the Pandemic

                                                                                         DHS, DOI, DOT,
Pandemic Relief Experiences: A Focus on                                                  DOL, ED, HHS,
                                             March 2024         New           PRAC
Six Communities                                                                          HUD, Treasury,
                                                                                             USDA

                                                                                          AmeriCorps,
Agile Oversight in a Time of Crisis:
                                                                                        CIGIE, DOD, DOI,
Lessons Learned and Best Practices in
                                             March 2024     Tool/ Resource    PRAC      DOJ, DOJ, FDIC,
Conducting Oversight during the COVID-19
                                                                                        HUD, NASA, SBA,
Pandemic
                                                                                             USAID

Review of Personnel Shortages in                                                         DOD, DOJ, HHS,
                                              September
Federal Health Care Programs During the                         New           DOD              VA
                                                2023
COVID-19 Pandemic                                                                       *PRAC-Supported




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 Report                                               Issuance               Type              Lead OIG         Participating OIGs
                                                                                                                 DHS, DOI, DOT,
Tracking Pandemic Relief Funds that Went
                                                                                                                 DOL, ED, HHS,
to Local Communities Reveals Persistent               July 2023              New                PRAC
                                                                                                                   HUD, SBA,
Data Gaps and Data Reliability Issues
                                                                                                                 Treasury, USDA

Insights on Telehealth Use and Program                                                                           DOD, DOJ, DOL,
                                                     December
Integrity Risks Across Selected Health                                       New               HHS OIG            HHS, OPM, VA
                                                       2022
Care Programs During the Pandemic                                                                               *PRAC-Supported

More Than $2.6 Million in Potentially
                                                     September
Fraudulent LWA Payments Were Linked to                                       New               DHS OIG              DHS, DOL
                                                       2022
DHS Employees’ Identities

Risk Advisory: Potential Identity or Other           September
                                                                             New                PRAC                HUD, SBA
Fraud in SBA Pandemic Programs                         2022

                                                                                                                  DOL, ED, GAO,
Key Insights: Identity Fraud Reduction and
                                                     June 2022            Derivative            PRAC             HHS, SBA, SSA,
Redress in Pandemic Response Programs
                                                                                                                 TIGTA, USPS, VA

Key Insights: State Pandemic                         December                                                  DOL (plus 16 state
                                                                          Derivative            PRAC
Unemployment Insurance Program                         2021                                                      audit entities)

Key Insights: COVID-19 Correctional and                                                                          DHS, DOI, DOJ
                                                      May 2021            Derivative           DOJ OIG
Detention Facilities                                                                                            *PRAC-Supported

Federal COVID-19 Testing Report: Data
                                                                                                                 DOD, DOJ, DOL,
Insights from Six Federal Health Care              January 2021              New               HHS OIG
                                                                                                                  HHS, OPM, VA
Programs

                                                      November                                                   DHS, DOE, FDIC,
Agile Products Toolkit                                                 Tool/ Resource           PRAC
                                                        2020                                                     SIGTARP, USAID


  Note: This table does not include all cross-cutting products that have been issued by federal Offices of Inspectors General.
  It highlights varied examples of different types of cross-cutting products related to pandemic funding.




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APPENDIX 5-B:
Example of an Attestation
Template

In accordance with the Quality Standards for Inspection and Evaluation issued by the Council of
the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (CIGIE) [or insert applicable standard], the Office
of the Inspector General, [insert federal agency] (XXX OIG) has conducted its review of the data
submitted in support of [insert project name] and has determined that data are sufficiently reliable
for the purpose of a data brief and for display on the www.oversight.gov, or any of the participating
OIG websites. XXX OIG also provides reasonable assurance over the methods used to verify the
data sources and techniques used to collect, process, and report the data. XXX OIG has disclosed
additional information to be included in the Scope and Methodology section of the final [product
type].

Methods Used to Verify Data Sources

XXX OIG determined that the data from [insert system or systems used/source of data] are
generally reliable based upon the procedures performed relating to the [insert name of funds/
programs]. [Insert additional explanation to support or inform this statement.]

Methods Used to Verify Data

[Provide explanation about the steps completed by the OIG to verify/test the data used. This could
include normal systems testing of data that the OIG completes if this is a regular system it has
access to. This could include verification or corroboration of agency provided data. Etc.]

Known Data Limitations

[Most of the data limitations should be outlined in the Scope and Methodology section to be
submitted along with the data template. This section should include a high-level summary of
limitations, such as complete data was only available through June 30, 2021, or the agency does
not maintain data at the sub-recipient level so totals may not be complete.]




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                                                        Blueprint for Enhanced Program Integrity
                                                             Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting Projects




Chapter 5 Team
From the Department of Health and Human Services, OIG
  Erin Bliss
  Abby Amoroso
  John Gordon

From the Department of Homeland Security OIG
  Yesenia Starinsky

From the Export-Import Bank of the United States OIG
  Ami Schaefer

From the PRAC
  Sharon Smith
  Jennifer Contreras
  Alice Siempelkamp
  Jarrett Fussell
  Kirstyn Flood




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                                                                             Blueprint for Enhanced Program Integrity
                                                                                  Chapter 5: Cross-Cutting Projects



                                       For more information:
                                           Lisa Reijula
                     Associate Director of Outreach and Engagement, PRAC
                                     Lisa.Reijula@cigie.gov



                                                 Visit us at:
                                             PandemicOversight.gov



                                               Follow us at:



                  Report Fraud, Waste, Abuse, or Misconduct:
           To report allegations of fraud, waste, abuse, or misconduct regarding
           pandemic relief funds or programs please go to the PRAC website at
                                  PandemicOversight.gov.




                                               A Committee of the
                                         Council of the Inspectors General
                                            on Integrity and Efficiency



Pandemic Response Accountability Committee                                                                        14


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