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Pandemic, War in Ukraine — Decline in Industrial Production and Trade Volumes

Summary

A set of slides on international trade policy issues. The opening slides list the pandemic, the war in Ukraine and climate change as factors, and later slides list categories of trade barriers including export controls, tariffs, subsidies and intellectual property rights. A table of average tariffs for March 2018 and April 2023 gives U.S. on China as 3% and 19.3%, and China on U.S. as 8% and 21.1%. The slides also cover Vietnam's September 2022 data-storage law, a China rare earths export prohibition, and South Korea and Japan market-access items.

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Issuer
Congressional materials
Document type
2023 10 10 A31426 D262785 Office Of The Governor Asian Trade Policy Issues
Date
2023-10-10
Case
2023 10 10 A31426 D262785 Office Of The Governor Asian Trade Policy Issues

Cite this document

“Pandemic, War in Ukraine — Decline in Industrial Production and Trade Volumes.” Original at app.leg.wa.gov, dated 2023-10-10. Archived at Pandemic Darlings, https://pandemicdarlings.com/source-documents/2023-10-10-2023-10-10-a31426-d262785-office-of-the-governor-asian-trade-policy-issues/, SHA-256 d49ca05aaea79366a1429192a626f14ed8f62956e14cc7f3ca6c089895fccaf8.

Full text

1
   PANDEMIC
    ◦ Decline in industrial production and trade volumes
    ◦ Increased focus on national security and trade

   WAR IN UKRAINE
    ◦ Energy and food – higher prices and supply disruptions


   CLIMATE CHANGE
    ◦ Adjustments to the comparative advantage of countries caused by
      changing endowments of natural resources will impact what countries
      export and import
    ◦ Food security (Africa, Asia, South America.)
    ◦ Climate change migrations
    ◦ Natural disaster impacts on ports and other infrastructure
    ◦ Supply chain resiliency and near-shoring
    ◦ Impact of carbon pricing mechanisms


                                                                            2
   Export Controls
   Export Prohibitions
   Government Procurement
   Intellectual Property Rights
   Investment Restrictions/Prohibitions
   Labor Rights Violations
   Sanitary and Phytosanitary Bans/Restrictions
   Services (Restrictions, Licensing, etc.)
   State-Owned Enterprises
   Subsidies
   Tariffs
   Technical Barriers to Trade (Standards, Regulations, Labeling, Conformity
    Assessment)



                                                                                3
CHINA

           Average Tariff         March 2018            April 2023
          U.S. on China                3%                  19.3%
          China on U.S.                8%                  21.1%
          China on ROW                 8%                  6.5%

INDIA
 50% on apples
 30% on fresh and dried blueberries, cherries, cranberries, hops, and pears

VIETNAM
Armenia, Australia, Belarus, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Chile, China, EU-27, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines,
Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and the United Kingdom.


                                                                                      4
VIETNAM
 September 2022 – Vietnam passes law requiring foreign firms to store data
  on computer servers in Vietnam

VARIOUS COUNTRIES
 Considering imposing a digital service tax on digital service providers




                                                                              5
   China: Rare earths export prohibition

   Rare earths used in EV batteries, wind turbines, energy efficient products,
    EVs, semiconductors, defense products, advanced electronics, etc.

   August 2023 – China ban exports of gallium and germanium, rare earths
    critical input to semiconductors

   September 2023 -Malaysia announces it will ban exports of rare earth raw
    materials to encourage processing in the country




                                                                                  6
   China – Made in China 10 Year Plan – Massive industrial subsidies.

   By some estimates - $500 billion for targeted sectors
    ◦ advanced information technology
    ◦ automated machine tools and robotics
    ◦ aviation and space flight equipment
    ◦ maritime engineering equipment and high-tech vessels
    ◦ advanced rail transit equipment
    ◦ new energy vehicles
    ◦ power equipment
    ◦ farm machinery
    ◦ new materials
    ◦ biopharmaceuticals and advanced medical products




                                                                         7
   South Korea SPS Prohibitions: apples, apricots, blueberries (Oregon allowed),
    peaches, pears and plums.

   Japan: 2006 granted market access to U.S. chipping potatoes




                                                                                    8

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app.leg.wa.gov
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