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Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee: Committee Meeting Notice, January 15, 2020

Summary

A meeting packet for the Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee meeting on Wednesday, January 15, 2020, 1:00 PM to 3:00 PM at Reed Hall, with Brad Drake as Chair. It contains the committee meeting notice listing HB 915, Commercial Service Airports, by Avila and PCS for HB 551, Transportation Disadvantaged, and the staff analysis of HB 915. The analysis says the bill requires the Auditor General, at least once every five years, to conduct operational and financial audits of large-hub commercial service airports, and says it may have an indeterminate negative fiscal impact on the state and local governments. The packet closes with part of the text of PCS for HB 551, which provides an effective date of July 1, 2020.

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“Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee: Committee Meeting Notice, January 15, 2020.” Archived at Pandemic Darlings, https://pandemicdarlings.com/source-documents/2020-01-15-3014-transportation-infrastructure-subcommittee-meeting-pac-ca4b1da3d2/, SHA-256 90448df16f33316ff76faf26b1e2b23a0fe5a439bf0a211997bb5d3f94cc8134.

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          Transportation & Infrastructure
                 Subcommittee
                Wednesday, January 15, 2020
                    1:00 PM – 3:00 PM
                   Reed Hall (102 HOB)




Jose R. Oliva                                 Brad Drake
Speaker                                            Chair
                                       Committee Meeting Notice
                                             HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES




                               Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee

Start Date and Time:              Wednesday, January 15, 2020 01:00 pm

End Date and Time:                Wednesday, January 15, 2020 03:00 pm

Location:                         Reed Hall (102 HOB)
Duration:                         2.00 hrs


Consideration of the following bill(s):

HB 915 Commercial Service Airports by Avila


Consideration of the following proposed committee substitute(s):

PCS for HB 551 -- Transportation Disadvantaged




                              NOTICE FINALIZED on 01/13/2020 4:02PM by Denson.Tori


01/13/2020       4:02:25PM                              Leagis ®                     Page 1 of 1
HB 915
                                    HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF ANALYSIS
BILL #:     HB 915 Commercial Service Airports
SPONSOR(S): Avila
TIED BILLS:       IDEN./SIM. BILLS: SB 1258

    REFERENCE                                                          ACTION                 ANALYST              STAFF DIRECTOR or
                                                                                                                   BUDGET/POLICY CHIEF

    1) Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee                                           Johnson              Vickers

    2) Transportation & Tourism Appropriations
       Subcommittee

    3) State Affairs Committee

                                                         SUMMARY ANALYSIS
Florida is home to 20 commercial service airports, four of which are considered large-hub airports. The state’s
commercial service airports serve as critical economic engines with an annual economic impact of $144 billion.
Florida’s commercial service airports operate under either a government department model (where the airport
operates as a department of county or municipal government) or an airport authority model (where an airport
authority is created as either an independent or a dependent special district). Because airports are generally
governed and subsumed as part of local governments, state law currently provides for limited oversight and
accountability.

The bill includes a number of provisions to enhance transparency and accountability for commercial service
airports, including large-hub commercial service airports. The bill requires the Auditor General, at least once
every five years, to conduct operational and financial audits of the state’s large-hub commercial service
airports. The bill also requires the members of the governing bodies of large-hub commercial service airports to
submit the more detailed financial disclosure (Form 6) to the Commission on Ethics.

The bill requires the governing body of each commercial service airport to establish and maintain a website
containing specified information, including meeting notices, agendas, approved budgets, and certain
documents submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration. The bill reiterates that members of the governing
body and employees of commercial service airports are subject to the Code of Ethics for Public Officers and
Employees, and requires annual ethics training for members of the governing body.

The bill requires commercial service airports to submit specified information to the Department of
Transportation (DOT) and requires DOT to annually submit a report to the Governor and the Legislature.

Finally, the bill prohibits DOT from expending funds allocated to a commercial service airport, unless the funds
are pledged for debt service, until a commercial service airport demonstrates compliance with the transparency
and accountability provisions of the bill.

The bill may have an indeterminate negative fiscal impact on the state and local governments. See Fiscal
Analysis for details.




This document does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives .
STORAGE NAME: h0915.TIS
DATE: 1/13/2020
                                                        FULL ANALYSIS

                                                 I. SUBSTANTIVE ANALYSIS

    A. EFFECT OF PROPOSED CHANGES:
         Present Situation

         Florida is home to 20 commercial service airports and 109 general aviation airports.1 Additionally, there
         are hundreds of small private airports. Commercial service airports are publicly-owned airports that
         have at least 2,500 passenger boardings each year and receive scheduled passenger service. General
         aviation airports are airports that do not have scheduled service or have less than 2,500 passenger
         boardings each year.2

         Florida’s commercial service airports range in size from large-hub airports3 with over 20 million annual
         passenger boardings to small municipal airports with approximately 10,000 annual passenger
         boardings.4 Commercial service airports in Florida support approximately 1.1 million jobs, have a total
         annual payroll of approximately $47.3 billion, and a total annual economic impact of approximately
         $144 billion.5

         Airport Oversight and Funding
         The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is responsible for planning and developing a safe and
         efficient national airport system, including all programs related to airport safety and inspections and
         standards for airport design, construction, and operation. Federal law requires each commercial service
         airport to operate under a federal certificate and comply with federal aviation requirements. The FAA is
         responsible for national airport planning and environmental and social requirements and establishes
         policies related to airport rates and charges, compliance with grant assurances, and airport
         privatization.6

         In Florida, the Department of Transportation (DOT) is responsible for planning airport systems and
         overseeing the public airport system.7 The owner or lessee of a proposed public airport8 must receive
         DOT approval before site acquisition, construction, or establishment of a public airport facility.9 DOT is
         also responsible for licensing public airport facilities prior to the operation of aircraft to or from the
         facility and must inspect such facilities prior to licensing or license renewal.10 Current law authorizes
         local governments to establish and operate airports11 and governs airport zoning and land use issues.12

         Neither state law nor federal law establish requirements for airport governance or ownership. As such,
         Florida airports operate under either a government department model (where the airport operates as a
         department of the local government) or an airport authority model (where the airport authority is created



1
  Florida Department of Transportation, Florida Aviation System Plan Introduction. Available at:
https://www.fdot.gov/aviation/FASP2035 (Last visited Jan. 13, 2020).
2
  49 U.S.C. § 47102.
3
  A subsection of commercial airports are large-hub airports. Large-hub airports are commercial service airports that have at least 1
percent of the passenger boardings in the United States.
4
  FAA, Commercial Service Airports, Rank Order based on calendar year 2018, Oct. 9, 2019. (Copy on file with Transportation &
Infrastructure Subcommittee).
5
  Florida Department of Transportation, Florida Statewide Aviation Economic Impact Study, March 2019. Executive Summary.
Available at: https://www.fdot.gov/aviation/economicimpact.shtm (Last visited Jan. 13, 2019).
6
  Federal Aviation Administration website, Airports: Available at: https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/arp/
(Last visited Jan. 13, 2020).
7
  Section 332.001, F.S.
8
  Section 330.27(6), F.S. For purposes of DOT approval and licensure, the term “public airport” means a publicly or privately owned
airport for public use.
9
  Section 330.30(1), F.S.
10
   Section 330.30(2), F.S.
11
   See chapter 332, F.S.
12
   See chapter 333, F.S.
STORAGE NAME: h0915.TIS                                                                                                        PAGE: 2
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        as either an independent or a dependent special district). Because airports are generally governed and
        subsumed as part of local governments, state law provides for very little oversight and accountability.

        DOT’s work program identifies aviation development projects and discretionary capacity improvement
        projects. To the maximum extent possible, DOT’s work program must remain consistent with the
        Florida Aviation System Plan and any approved and applicable local government comprehensive plans.
        DOT’s work program also includes any project with funds administered by DOT, but undertaken and
        implemented by the airport operator. DOT’s aviation program provides assistance to airports in the
        areas of access, economic enhancement, development, improvement, and land acquisition in the way
        of matching funds. These matching funds assist local governments and airport authorities in planning,
        designing, purchasing, constructing, and maintaining public use aviation facilities.13

        For commercial service airports, DOT may provide up to 50 percent of the non-federal share if federal
        funding is available and up to 50 percent of the total project costs if federal funding is not available.14
        For Fiscal Year 2019-2020, DOT was appropriated $266 million from the State Transportation Trust
        Fund for Aviation Development Grants,15 available to both commercial service airports and general
        aviation airports.16

        Auditor General
        The position of the Auditor General is established by Art. II, s. 2 of the State Constitution.17 The Auditor
        General is appointed to office to serve at the pleasure of the Legislature, by a majority vote of the
        members of the Joint Legislative Auditing Committee, subject to confirmation by both houses of the
        Legislature.18 The Auditor General must conduct audits, examinations, or reviews of government
        programs as well as audit the accounts of state agencies, state universities, state colleges, district
        school boards, and others as directed by the Joint Legislative Auditing Committee.19 The Auditor
        General conducts operational and performance audits on public records and information technology
        systems and reviews all audit reports of local governmental entities, charter schools, and charter
        technical career centers.20

        A financial audit is an examination of financial statements in order to express an opinion on the fairness
        with which they are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and an
        examination to determine whether operations are properly conducted in accordance with legal and
        regulatory requirements.21 An operational audit is an audit whose purpose is to evaluate management’s
        performance in establishing and maintaining internal controls, including controls designed to prevent
        and detect fraud, waste, and abuse, and in administering assigned responsibilities in accordance with
        applicable laws, administrative rules, contracts, grant agreements, and other guidelines.22

        In 2017, the Auditor General conducted an operational audit of Tampa International Airport’s 2012
        Master Plan Capital Project.23 More recently, at its meeting on December 12, 2019, the Joint Legislative
        Auditing Committee directed the Auditor General to perform a targeted operational audit of the Greater




13
   Section 332.007(2), F.S.
14
   DOT website, available at https://www.fdot.gov/aviation/workProgram.shtm (Last visited Jan. 13, 2020).
15
   Chapter 2019-115, L.O.F., Specific Appropriation 1940.
16
   Florida Department of Transportation, Fiscal Year 2020 Aviation Work Program, Available at:
https://fdotewp1.dot.state.fl.us/fmsupportapps/workprogram/Support/WPItemRept.ASPX?RF=WP&CT=I&FY=TRUE|FALSE|FALS
E|FALSE|FALSE|FALSE&RP=ITEM (Last visited Jan. 13, 2020)
17
   Art. III, s. 2, Fla. Const.
18
   Section 11.42(2), F.S.
19
   Section 11.45(2)(d)-(f), F.S.
20
   Section 11.45(7)(b), F.S.
21
   Section 11.45(1)(d), F.S.
22
   Section 11.45(1)(i), F.S.
23
   Chapter 2017-70, L.O.F. This audit was provided for in proviso language to specific appropriation 1862 in the 2017 General
Appropriations Act.
STORAGE NAME: h0915.TIS                                                                                               PAGE: 3
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         Orlando Aviation Authority.24 However, the Auditor General has not conducted financial and operational
         audits of an entire airport’s operation.25

         Financial Disclosures
         Florida ethics laws provide for two tiers of financial disclosure for public officers, candidates for public
         office, and certain public employees: a full and public disclosure of financial interests (Form 6) and a
         statement of financial interests (Form 1).26 The Florida Commission on Ethics oversees the financial
         disclosure filing process with the assistance of local qualifying officers.

         Article 2, s. 8(a) of the State Constitution requires all elected constitutional officers and candidates for
         such offices and, as may be determined by law, other public officers, candidates, and employees to file
         a Form 6. Additionally, members of certain expressway authorities, transportation authorities, bridge
         authorities, toll authorities, or expressway agencies are required to comply with these financial
         disclosure requirements.27 Form 6 requires the filer to disclose his or her net worth and identify each
         asset and liability in excess of $1,000 and its value together with either a copy of the person’s most
         recent federal income tax return, or a sworn statement identifying each separate source and amount of
         income exceeding $1,000.

         Form 1 requires less detail than Form 6 and is filed by certain state and local officers not subject to the
         full and public disclosure of financial interests, including local officers28 and specified state employees.
         Form 1 requires filers to disclose their primary sources of income (other than from their public position),
         secondary sources of income (in certain circumstances), real property in Florida (other than a
         residence or vacation home in Florida), intangible personal property, liabilities, and interests in
         specified businesses.29

         Procurement
         Chapter 287, F.S., provides statutory requirements for the procurement of goods and service by the
         state. The Legislature recognizes that fair and open competition is a basic tenet of public procurement.
         It is essential to the effective and ethical procurement of commodities and contractual services that
         there be a system of uniform procedures utilized by state agencies in managing and procuring
         commodities and contractual services, that detailed justification of agency decisions in the procurement
         of commodities and contractual services be maintained, and that adherence by the agency and the
         vendor to specific ethical considerations be required.30

         Depending on the cost and characteristics of the needed goods or services, agencies may utilize a
         variety of procurement methods, which include:31
              Single source contracts, which are used when an agency determines that only one vendor is
                 available to provide a commodity or service at the time of purchase;
              Invitations to bid, which are used when an agency determines that standard services or goods
                 will meet needs, wide competition is available, and the vendor’s experience will not greatly
                 influence the agency’s results;
              Requests for proposal, which are used when the procurement requirements allow for
                 consideration of various solutions and the agency believes more than two or three vendors exist
                 who can provide the required goods or services; and

24
   Joint Legislative Auditing Committee, Meeting Summary, Dec. 12, 2019. (Copy on file with the Transportation & Infrastructure
Subcommittee).
25
   Email from Bruce Jeroslow, General Council, Florida Auditor General, FW: HB 915-Auditor General Impact, Jan. 6, 2020. (Copy
on file with the Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee).
26
   Sections 112.3144 and 112.3145, F.S.
27
   Section 112.3144(1)(b), F.S.
28
   Section 112.3145(1)(a), F.S., defines the term “local officer” to include every person who is elected to office in any political
subdivision of the state, and every person who is appointed to fill a vacancy for an unexpired term in such an elective office and any
appointed member of any of the following boards, councils, commissions, authorities, or other bodies of any county, municipality,
school district, independent special district, or other political subdivision of the state.
29
   Section 112.3145(3), F.S.
30
   Section 287.001, F.S.
31
   See ss. 287.012(6) and 287.057, F.S.
STORAGE NAME: h0915.TIS                                                                                                         PAGE: 4
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                 Invitations to negotiate, which are used when negotiations are determined to be necessary to
                  obtain the best value and involve a request for highly complex, customized, mission-critical
                  services.

         For contracts for commodities or services in excess of $35,000 (CATEGORY TWO), agencies must
         utilize a competitive solicitation process;32 however, certain contractual services and commodities are
         exempt from this requirement.33

         Code of Ethics for Public Officers and Employees
         Part III of Ch. 112, F.S., contains the Code of Ethics for Public Officers and Employees. The intent of
         the code is to ensure that public officials conduct themselves independently and impartially, not using
         their offices for private gain other than compensation provided by law.34 Included in the code are
         provisions relating to doing business with one’s agency,35 conflicting employment or contractual
         relationships,36 post-employment restrictions,37 and requirements for ethics training for specified
         constitutional officers and elected municipal officers and commissioners.38

         Effect of the Bill

         The bill provides for additional transparency and accountability of commercial service airports, including
         large-hub commercial service airports. The bill defines the term "commercial service airport" as a
         publicly owned airport that has at least 2,500 passenger boardings each calendar year and receives
         scheduled passenger service as reported by the FAA. The bill defines the term “large-hub commercial
         service airport” as a publicly owned airport that has 1 percent or more of the annual passenger
         boardings in the United States as reported by the FAA. Based on these definitions, there are 20
         commercial service airports in Florida, including four large-hub commercial service airports: Orlando,
         Miami, Fort Lauderdale, and Tampa international.

         The bill requires the Auditor General, at least once every five years, to conduct an operational and
         financial audit of each large-hub commercial service airport.

         The bill requires each member of the governing body of a large-hub commercial service airport to
         comply with the full and public disclosure of their financial interests contained in s. 8, Art. II of the State
         Constitution (Form 6). Since the Miami and Fort Lauderdale airports are operated by Miami-Dade and
         Broward counties, respectively, in which county commissions are already subject to the constitutional
         financial disclosure requirements (Form 6), this provision only impacts the governing bodies of the
         Orlando and Tampa airports, which are governed as independent special districts.

         The bill requires the governing body39 of each commercial service airport to establish and maintain a
         website to post information relating to the operation of such airport, including:
             All published notices of meetings and published meeting agendas for the governing body.
             The official minutes of each meeting of the governing body, which must be posted within three
                 business days after the date of the meeting in which the minutes are approved.
             The approved budget for the commercial service airport for the current fiscal year, which must
                 be posted on the website no later than seven days after the date of adoption. Budgets must
                 remain on the website for two years following the conclusion of the fiscal year.

32
   Section 287.057(1), F.S., requires all projects that exceed the Category Two ($35,000) threshold contained in s. 287.017, F.S., to be
competitively bid.
33
   See s. 287.057(3), F.S.
34
   Florida Commission on Ethics, Guide to the Sunshine Amendment and the Code of Ethics for Public Employees. 2019, p.1.
Available at: http://www.ethics.state.fl.us/Documents/Publications/GuideBookletInternet.pdf?cp=20191213 (Last visited Jan. 13,
2020).
35
   Section 112.313(3), F.S.
36
   Section 112.313(7), F.S.
37
   Section 112.313(9), F.S.
38
   Section 112.3142, F.S.
39
   The bill defines the term “governing body” as the governing body of the municipality, county, or special district that operates a
commercial service airport.
STORAGE NAME: h0915.TIS                                                                                                         PAGE: 5
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                 All commercial service airport planning documents submitted to the FAA, which must be posted
                  upon submission to the FAA.
                 All financial and statistical reports required to be submitted to the FAA, which must be posted
                  upon submission to the FAA.
                 Any contract and contract amendment executed by or on behalf of the commercial service
                  airport in excess of $35,000,40 which must be posted on the website no later than seven days
                  before the governing body votes to approve the contract or contract amendment.
                 Position and rate information for each employee of the commercial service airport, including, at
                  a minimum, the position title, position description, and annual salary or hourly salary rate of pay.

         The bill provides that notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, commercial service
         airports are subject to the requirements of Ch. 287, F.S., relating to the procurement of personal
         property and services.

         All contracts executed by or on behalf of the commercial service airport in excess of $65,00041 must be
         approved by the governing body of a commercial service airport as a separate line item on the meeting
         agenda after a reasonable opportunity for public comment. Such contracts may not be approved as
         part of a consent agenda.

         The bill reiterates that members of the governing body and employees of a commercial service airport
         are subject to the Code of Ethics for Public Officers and Employees.42

         Beginning January 1, 2021, each member of the governing body of a commercial service airport must
         complete four hours of ethics training each calendar year which addresses, at a minimum, s. 8, Art. II of
         the State Constitution, relating to ethics in government; the Code of Ethics for Public Officers and
         Employees; and the public records and public meetings laws. This requirement may be satisfied by
         completion of a continuing legal education class or other continuing professional education class,
         seminar, or presentation, if the required subject material is covered by the class.43

         Beginning November 1, 2021, and each November 1 thereafter, each commercial service airport must
         submit the following information to DOT:
             Its approved budget for the current fiscal year.
             Any financial reports submitted to the FAA during the previous calendar year.
             A link to the website for the commercial service airport.
             A statement that the commercial service airport has complied with Ch. 112, F.S., relating to the
                Code of Ethics for Public Officers and Employees; Ch. 287, F.S., relating to procurement; and
                the statutory provisions created in the bill. This statement must be verified as provided in
                s. 92.525, F.S.

         DOT must review the information submitted by each commercial service airport and each airport’s
         website to determine the accuracy of the information reported. Beginning January 15, 2022, and each
         January 15 thereafter, DOT must provide to the Governor, the President of the Senate, and the
         Speaker of the House of Representatives a report summarizing commercial service airport compliance
         with these oversight provisions.

         DOT may not spend any funds allocated to a commercial service airport as contained in its work
         program, unless pledged for debt service, until the commercial service airport demonstrates its
         compliance with the requirements established in the bill.

     B. SECTION DIRECTORY:
         Section 1 amends s. 11.45, F.S., relating to the duties of the Auditor General.

40
   This is the CATEGORY TWO purchasing threshold in s. 287.017, F.S.
41
   This is the CATEGORY THREE purchasing threshold in s. 287.017, F.S.
42
   Part III of Ch. 112, F.S.
43
   This requirement is identical to the ethics training required for constitutional officers, elected municipal officers, and commissioners
of community redevelopment agencies contained in s. 112.3142(2), F.S.
STORAGE NAME: h0915.TIS                                                                                                            PAGE: 6
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        Section 2 amends s. 112.3144, F.S., relating to the full and public disclosure of financial interests.

        Section 3 creates s. 332.0075, F.S., relating to commercial service airports.

        Section 4 provides an effective date of July 1, 2020.

                           II. FISCAL ANALYSIS & ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENT

     A. FISCAL IMPACT ON STATE GOVERNMENT:

        1. Revenues:
            This bill does not appear to impact state revenues.

        2. Expenditures:
            The Auditor General will incur expenditures associated with operational and financial audits of
            large-hub commercial service airports; however, the Auditor General’s office cannot determine with
            certainty the fiscal impact of this requirement.44

            DOT may incur expenditures associated with reviewing information submitted by commercial
            service airports and compiling that information into a report.

     B. FISCAL IMPACT ON LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:

        1. Revenues:
            This bill does not appear to impact local government revenues.

        2. Expenditures:
            Local government entities operating commercial service airports may incur expenditures associated
            with compliance with the provisions of the bill; however, these expenditures are expected to be
            minimal.

     C. DIRECT ECONOMIC IMPACT ON PRIVATE SECTOR:
        None.

     D. FISCAL COMMENTS:
        None.


                                                     III. COMMENTS

     A. CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES:

        1. Applicability of Municipality/County Mandates Provision:
           The county/municipality mandates provision of Art. VII, s. 18 of the State Constitution may apply
           because the bill requires various transparency and accountability measures from commercial service
           airports; however, an exemption may apply since it is expected to be an insignificant fiscal impact.

        2. Other:
           None


44
  Email from Bruce Jeroslow, General Council, Florida Auditor General, FW: HB 915-Auditor General Impact, Jan. 6, 2020. (Copy
on file with the Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee).
STORAGE NAME: h0915.TIS                                                                                                PAGE: 7
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   B. RULE-MAKING AUTHORITY:
       This bill does not grant rulemaking authority, nor does it require rulemaking.

   C. DRAFTING ISSUES OR OTHER COMMENTS:
       Other Comments: Financial Disclosure
       Section 2 of the bill requires members of the governing body of a large hub commercial service airport
       to file more detailed financial disclosures. These disclosures are due each year by July 1, and the
       effective date of the bill is July 1, 2020. For clarity, this may need to be amended to specify that this
       requirement is effective for the filing due on July 1, 2021.

                          IV. AMENDMENTS/ COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE CHANGES
   Not applicable.




STORAGE NAME: h0915.TIS                                                                                    PAGE: 8
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           HB 915                                                                                                2020




    1                                         A bill to be entitled
    2               An act relating to commercial service airports;
    3               amending s. 11.45, F.S.; directing the Auditor General
    4               to conduct specified audits of certain airports;
    5               defining the term "large-hub commercial service
    6               airport"; amending s. 112.3144, F.S.; requiring
    7               members of the governing body of a large-hub
    8               commercial service airport to comply with certain
    9               financial disclosure requirements; defining the term
10                  "large-hub commercial service airport"; creating s.
11                  332.0075, F.S.; providing definitions; requiring the
12                  governing body of a municipality, county, or special
13                  district that operates a commercial service airport to
14                  establish and maintain a website; requiring the
15                  governing body to post certain information on the
16                  website; requiring commercial service airports to
17                  comply with certain contracting requirements;
18                  providing approval requirements for certain contracts;
19                  requiring governing body members and employees of a
20                  commercial service airport to comply with certain
21                  ethics requirements; requiring governing body members
22                  to complete annual ethics training; requiring
23                  commercial service airports to submit certain
24                  information annually to the Department of
25                  Transportation; requiring the department to review

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        CODING: Words stricken are deletions; words underlined are additions.
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        HB 915                                                                                                2020




26               such information and submit an annual report to the
27               Governor and Legislature; prohibiting the expenditure
28               of certain funds unless specified conditions are met;
29               providing an effective date.
30
31      Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida:
32
33               Section 1.        Paragraph (m) is added to subsection (2) of
34      section 11.45, Florida Statutes, to read:
35               11.45       Definitions; duties; authorities; reports; rules.—
36               (2)     DUTIES.—The Auditor General shall:
37               (m)     At least once every 5 years, conduct an operational
38      and financial audit of each large-hub commercial service
39      airport. For purposes of this paragraph, the term "large-hub
40      commercial service airport" means a publicly owned airport that
41      has at least 1 percent of the annual passenger boardings in the
42      United States as reported by the Federal Aviation
43      Administration.
44
45      The Auditor General shall perform his or her duties
46      independently but under the general policies established by the
47      Legislative Auditing Committee. This subsection does not limit
48      the Auditor General's discretionary authority to conduct other
49      audits or engagements of governmental entities as authorized in
50      subsection (3).

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     CODING: Words stricken are deletions; words underlined are additions.
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        HB 915                                                                                                2020




51               Section 2.         Paragraph (c) is added to subsection (1) of
52      section 112.3144, Florida Statutes, to read:
53               112.3144         Full and public disclosure of financial
54      interests.—
55               (1)
56               (c)     Each member of the governing body of a large-hub
57      commercial service airport shall comply with the applicable
58      financial disclosure requirements of s. 8, Art. II of the State
59      Constitution. For purposes of this paragraph, the term "large-
60      hub commercial service airport" means a publicly owned airport
61      that has at least 1 percent of the annual passenger boardings in
62      the United States as reported by the Federal Aviation
63      Administration.
64               Section 3.         Section 332.0075, Florida Statutes, is created
65      to read:
66               332.0075         Commercial service airports; transparency and
67      accountability; penalty.—
68               (1)     As used in this section, the term:
69               (a)     "Commercial service airport" means a publicly owned
70      airport that has at least 2,500 passenger boardings each
71      calendar year and receives scheduled passenger service as
72      reported by the Federal Aviation Administration.
73               (b)     "Department" means the Department of Transportation.
74               (c)     "Governing body" means the governing body of the
75      municipality, county, or special district that operates a

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         HB 915                                                                                                2020




76       commercial service airport.
77                (2)     Each governing body shall establish and maintain a
78       website to post information relating to the operation of a
79       commercial service airport, including:
80                (a)     All published notices of meetings and published
81       meeting agendas of the governing body.
82                (b)     The official minutes of each meeting of the governing
83       body, which shall be posted within 3 business days after the
84       date of the meeting in which the minutes were approved.
85                (c)     The approved budget for the commercial service airport
86       for the current fiscal year, which shall be posted within 7 days
87       after the date of adoption. Budgets must remain on the website
88       for 2 years after the conclusion of the fiscal year in which
89       they were adopted.
90                (d)     All commercial service airport planning documents
91       submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration, which shall be
92       posted upon submission to the Federal Aviation Administration.
93                (e)     All financial and statistical reports required to be
94       submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration, which shall be
95       posted upon submission to the Federal Aviation Administration.
96                (f)     Any contract or contract amendment executed by or on
97       behalf of the commercial service airport in excess of the
98       threshold amount provided for in s. 287.017 for CATEGORY TWO,
99       which shall be posted no later than 7 days before the governing
100      body votes to approve the contract or contract amendment.

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         HB 915                                                                                                2020




101               (g)     Position and rate information for each employee of the
102      commercial service airport, including, at a minimum, the
103      employee's position title, position description, and annual or
104      hourly salary.
105               (3)(a)      Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the
106      contrary, commercial service airports are subject to the
107      requirements of chapter 287.
108               (b)     A governing body must approve each contract executed
109      by or on behalf of a commercial service airport in excess of the
110      threshold amount provided for in s. 287.017 for CATEGORY THREE
111      as a separate line item on the agenda after providing a
112      reasonable opportunity for public comment. Such contracts may
113      not be approved as part of a consent agenda.
114               (4)(a)      Members of a governing body and employees of a
115      commercial service airport are subject to part III of chapter
116      112.
117               (b)     Beginning January 1, 2021, each member of a governing
118      body must complete 4 hours of ethics training each calendar year
119      which addresses, at a minimum, s. 8, Art. II of the State
120      Constitution, the Code of Ethics for Public Officers and
121      Employees, and the public records and public meetings laws of
122      this state. This requirement may be satisfied by completion of a
123      continuing legal education class or other continuing
124      professional education class, seminar, or presentation if the
125      required subject material is covered therein.

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         HB 915                                                                                                2020




126               (5)(a)      Beginning November 1, 2021, and each November 1
127      thereafter, each commercial service airport shall submit the
128      following information to the department:
129               1.      Its approved budget for the current fiscal year.
130               2.      Any financial reports submitted to the Federal Aviation
131      Administration during the previous calendar year.
132               3.      A link to its website.
133               4.      A statement, verified as provided in s. 92.525, that it
134      has complied with part III of chapter 112, chapter 287, and this
135      section.
136               (b)      The department shall review the information submitted
137      by the commercial service airport and posted on the airport's
138      website to determine the accuracy of such information. Beginning
139      January 15, 2022, and each January 15 thereafter, the department
140      shall submit to the Governor, the President of the Senate, and
141      the Speaker of the House of Representatives a report summarizing
142      commercial service airport compliance with this section.
143               (6)      The department may not expend any funds allocated to a
144      commercial service airport as contained in the adopted work
145      program, unless pledged for debt service, until the commercial
146      service airport demonstrates its compliance with this section.
147               Section 4.        This act shall take effect July 1, 2020.




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                                           COMMITTEE/SUBCOMMITTEE AMENDMENT
                                                    Bill No. HB 915   (2020)
       Amendment No.




            COMMITTEE/SUBCOMMITTEE ACTION
       ADOPTED                         (Y/N)
       ADOPTED AS AMENDED              (Y/N)
       ADOPTED W/O OBJECTION           (Y/N)
       FAILED TO ADOPT                 (Y/N)
       WITHDRAWN                       (Y/N)
       OTHER


1      Committee/Subcommittee hearing bill:    Transportation &
2      Infrastructure Subcommittee
3      Representative Avila offered the following:
4
 5          Amendment
 6          Remove lines 37-43 and insert:
7           (m)    At least once every 5 years, conduct an operational
8      and financial audit of each large-hub commercial service
9      airport. Each operational audit shall include, at a minimum, an
10     assessment of compliance with s. 332.0075, including compliance
11     with chapter 287, and compliance with the public records and
12     public meeting laws of this state. For purposes of this
13     paragraph, the term "large-hub commercial service airport" means
14     a publicly owned airport that has at least 1 percent of the
15     annual passenger boardings in the United States as reported by
16     the Federal Aviation Administration.
     143051 - h0915-line 37.docx
      Published On: 1/14/2020 5:54:50 PM
                                     Page 1 of 1
                                          COMMITTEE/SUBCOMMITTEE AMENDMENT
                                                   Bill No. HB 915   (2020)
      Amendment No.




           COMMITTEE/SUBCOMMITTEE ACTION
      ADOPTED                         (Y/N)
      ADOPTED AS AMENDED              (Y/N)
      ADOPTED W/O OBJECTION           (Y/N)
      FAILED TO ADOPT                 (Y/N)
      WITHDRAWN                       (Y/N)
      OTHER


1     Committee/Subcommittee hearing bill:    Transportation &
2     Infrastructure Subcommittee
3     Representative Avila offered the following:
4
5          Amendment
6          Remove line 147 and insert:
7          Section 4.   This act shall take effect October 1, 2020.
8




    970031 - h0915-line 147.docx
     Published On: 1/14/2020 5:59:54 PM
                                    Page 1 of 1
PCS for HB 551
                                    HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF ANALYSIS
BILL #:     PCS for HB 551 Transportation Disadvantaged
SPONSOR(S): Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee
TIED BILLS:       IDEN./SIM. BILLS:

    REFERENCE                                                         ACTION                 ANALYST              STAFF DIRECTOR or
                                                                                                                  BUDGET/POLICY CHIEF

    Orig. Comm.: Transportation & Infrastructure                                             Johnson              Vickers
       Subcommittee

                                                        SUMMARY ANALYSIS
Florida law defines the transportation disadvantaged as those persons who because of physical or mental
disability, income status, or age, are unable to transport themselves or to purchase transportation and are,
therefore, dependent upon others to obtain access to health care, employment, education, shopping, social
activities, or other life-sustaining activities, or children who are handicapped or high-risk.

The Commission for the Transportation Disadvantaged is the state-level policy board responsible for the
oversight of the implementation of coordinated transportation disadvantaged services. A community
transportation coordinator (CTC) is a designated entity responsible for ensuring that coordinated transportation
services are provided to the transportation disadvantaged population in a designated service area. The local
coordinating board (LCB) provides assistance to the CTCs by identifying local service needs and providing
information, advice and direction to CTCs on the coordination of services.

The bill requires CTCs, in cooperation with the LCBs, to increase and support programs that enhance cross-
county mobility for the transportation disadvantaged to access employment, health care, education, shopping,
or other life-sustaining services across one or more county lines.

There does not appear to be a fiscal impact to state government. For local governments, to the extent that they
are CTCs, they may incur some expenditures associated with increasing and supporting programs enhancing
cross-county mobility services for the transportation disadvantaged.




This document does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives.
STORAGE NAME: pcs0551.TIS
DATE: 1/13/2020
                                                        FULL ANALYSIS

                                                I. SUBSTANTIVE ANALYSIS

    A. EFFECT OF PROPOSED CHANGES:
         Present Situation

         Transportation Disadvantaged
         Florida law defines the transportation disadvantaged as those persons who because of physical or
         mental disability, income status, or age, are unable to transport themselves or to purchase
         transportation and are, therefore, dependent upon others to obtain access to health care, employment,
         education, shopping, social activities, or other life-sustaining activities, or children who are handicapped
         or high-risk as defined in s. 411.202, F.S.1

         Commission for Transportation Disadvantaged
         In 1989, the Legislature created the Commission for the Transportation Disadvantaged within the
         Department of Transportation to coordinate the transportation services provided to the transportation
         disadvantaged. The goal of this coordination is to ensure the cost-effective provision of transportation
         by qualified community transportation coordinators or transportation operators to the transportation
         disadvantaged.2

         The commission is the state-level policy board responsible for the oversight of the implementation of
         coordinated transportation disadvantaged services. To assist with program implementation, the
         commission contracts with a Community Transportation Coordinator (CTC) and planning agency in
         each county. 3

         Community Transportation Coordinators
         A community transportation coordinator is a transportation entity recommended by a metropolitan
         planning organization,4 or by the appropriate designated official planning agency5 in an area outside the
         purview of a metropolitan planning organization, to ensure that coordinated transportation services are
         provided to the transportation disadvantaged population in a designated service area.6

         Each local CTC is responsible for the actual arrangement and/or delivery of transportation services to
         the transportation disadvantaged. The CTC, through a competitive procurement process, may contract
         with local transportation operators7 to provide transportation services to the transportation
         disadvantaged. Specifically, CTCs must:
              Execute uniform contracts for service using a standard contract, which includes performance
                 standards for operators.
              Collect annual operating data for submittal to the CTD.
              Review all transportation operator contracts annually.
              Approve and coordinate the utilization of school bus and public transportation services in
                 accordance with the transportation disadvantaged service plan.
              In cooperation with a functioning coordinating board, review all applications for local
                 government, federal, and state transportation disadvantaged funds, and develop cost-effective
                 coordination strategies.


1
  Section 427.011(1), F.S.
2
  Florida Commission for Transportation Disadvantaged, 2018 Annual Performance Report, P. 9-11. Available at:
https://ctd.fdot.gov/docs/AORAPRDocs/ApprovedAOR2017-2018.pdf (Last visited Jan. 13, 2020).
3
  Id.
4
  Section 427.011(2), F.S., defines the term “metropolitan planning organization” as the organization responsible for carrying out
transportation planning and programming in accordance with the provisions of 23 U.S.C. s. 134, as provided in 23 U.S.C. s. 104(f)(3).
5
  This is as provided in ss. 427.011-427.017, F.S.
6
  Section 427.011(5), F.S.
7
  Section 427.011(6), F.S., defines the term “transportation operator” as one or more public, private for-profit, or private nonprofit
entities engaged by the community transportation coordinator to provide service to transportation disadvantaged persons pursuant to a
coordinated system service plan.
STORAGE NAME: pcs0551.TIS                                                                                                     PAGE: 2
DATE: 1/13/2020
                 In cooperation with, and approved by, the coordinating board, develop, negotiate, implement,
                  and monitor a memorandum of agreement including a service plan, for submittal to the CTD.
                 In cooperation with the coordinating board and pursuant to criteria developed by the CTD,
                  establish eligibility guidelines and priorities with regard to the recipients of nonsponsored
                  transportation disadvantaged services8 that are purchased with Transportation Disadvantaged
                  Trust Fund moneys.
                 Have full responsibility for the delivery of transportation services for the transportation
                  disadvantaged.9
                 Work cooperatively with local workforce development boards10 to provide assistance in the
                  development of innovative transportation services for participants in the welfare transition
                  program.11

         Local Coordinating Board
         The local coordinating board (LCB) is an advisory entity in each designated service area composed of
         representatives appointed by the metropolitan planning organization or designated official planning
         agency, to provide assistance to the CTC relative to the coordination of transportation services.12

         The LCB, which is appointed and staffed by the planning agency, oversees and annually evaluates the
         CTC. LCBs also provide assistance to the CTCs by identifying local service needs and providing
         information, advice and direction to CTCs on the coordination13 of services.14 Each LCB must:
              Review and approve the coordinated community transportation disadvantaged service plan,
                including the memorandum of agreement, prior to submittal to the commission.
              Evaluate services provided in meeting the approved plan.
              In cooperation with the CTC, review and provide recommendations to the commission on
                funding applications affecting the transportation disadvantaged.
              Assist the CTC in establishing eligibility guidelines and priorities with regard to the recipients of
                nonsponsored transportation disadvantaged services that are purchased with Transportation
                Disadvantaged Trust Fund moneys.
              Review the coordination strategies of service provision to the transportation disadvantaged in
                the designated service area.
              Evaluate multicounty or regional transportation opportunities.
              Work cooperatively with local workforce development boards to provide assistance in the
                development of innovative transportation services for participants in the welfare transition
                program.15

         Transportation Disadvantaged Funding
         Florida’s transportation disadvantaged program is funded through the Transportation Disadvantaged
         Trust Fund, which the commission administers pursuant to s. 427.0159, F.S. In FY 2019-2020, the
         commission received a total of $65.6 million in revenue through the TDTF. The largest source of
         revenue comes from the $1.50 fee collected from each motor vehicle license tag registration.16

         In 2019, the Legislature passed HB 7068,17 creating the Multi-Use Corridors of Regional Economic
         Significance (M-CORES) Program within DOT.18 The bill allocated $10 million in M-CORES funding for

8
  Section 427.022(12), F.S., defines the term “nonsponsored transportation disadvantaged services” as transportation disadvantaged
services that are not sponsored or subsidized by any funding source other than the Transportation Disadvantaged Trust Fund.
9
  These are outlined in s. 427.015(2), F.S.
10
   Workforce development boards are established in Ch. 445, F.S.
11
   Section 427.0155, F.S.
12
   Section 427.011(7), F.S.
13
   Section 427.011(11), F.S., defines the term “coordination” as the arrangement for the provision of transportation services to the
transportation disadvantaged in a manner that is cost-effective, efficient, and reduces fragmentation and duplication of services.
14
   Florida Commission for Transportation Disadvantaged, 2018 Annual Performance Report, P. 9-11.
15
   Section 427.0157, F.S.
16
   Email from David Darm, Executive Director, Commission for the Transportation Disadvantaged, RE: HB 551-TD Funding, Jan. 8,
2020. (Copy on file with Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee).
17
   Chapter 2019-43, L.O.F.
18
   Section 338.2278(1), F.S.
STORAGE NAME: pcs0551.TIS                                                                                                    PAGE: 3
DATE: 1/13/2020
        each fiscal year beginning in 2019-2020 to the Transportation Disadvantaged Trust Fund.19 M-CORES
        funds allocated to the Transportation Disadvantaged Trust Fund must be used to award competitive
        grants to CTCs and transportation network companies for the purposes of providing cost-effective,
        door-to-door, on-demand, and scheduled transportation services that increase a transportation
        disadvantaged person’s access to and departure from job training, employment, health care, and other
        life-sustaining services; enhances regional connectivity and cross-county mobility; or reduce the
        difficulty in connecting transportation disadvantaged persons to a transportation hub and from the hub
        to their final destination.20

        The commission has issued M-CORES funded grants to several CTCs around the state to support
        projects designed to enhance cross-county mobility for the transportation disadvantaged.21

        Cross-County Mobility
        Cross-county mobility is the ability to utilize transportation disadvantaged services across county lines.
        While the commission encourages CTCs and local planning agencies to promote regional/cross-county
        transportation to enhance the mobility of the transportation disadvantaged, there are challenges that
        may inhibit certain CTCs from providing trips outside of their county, including:
             Urban transit systems – If the CTC is a transit authority, federal law requires it to provide
               Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) complementary paratransit services for individuals who,
               due to a disability, cannot access the fixed-route bus system. The Federal Transit
               Administration requires these services to be provided within ¾ of a mile outside the bus route,
               but the local transit authority may decide whether or not to provide these services beyond the
               ADA corridor, including across county lines.22
             Local autonomy – The transportation disadvantaged program provides the CTCs and their local
               coordinating boards with the flexibility of determining their own service area, which includes
               prioritizing the service needs. Some CTCs may choose to limit the number of trips that go out of
               county or support a certain activity based on a priority determined by the local program.
             Costs – Out-of-county trips are more expensive and require additional resources such as
               drivers and vehicles. Despite this challenge, several CTCs are coordinating out-of-county trips,
               which may be limited to certain days of the week or month to manage costs. Additionally, some
               CTCs may have to contract with a taxi or transportation network company to provide cross-
               county trips for individuals who need an “on-demand” service.23

        Effect of the Bill

        The bill requires CTCs, in cooperation with the local coordinating board, to increase and support
        programs that enhance cross-county mobility for the transportation disadvantaged to access
        employment, health care, education, shopping, or other life-sustaining services across one or more
        county lines.

        The bill also requires local coordinating boards to increase and support programs that enhance cross-
        county mobility for the transportation disadvantaged to access employment, health care, education,
        shopping or other life-sustaining services across county lines.

        It should be noted that the bill does not require implementation of specific programs to enhance cross-
        county mobility for the transportation disadvantaged.

     B. SECTION DIRECTORY:



19
   Section 338.2278(8), F.S.
20
   Section 338.2278(8)(e), F.S.
21
   Email from David Darm, Executive Director, Commission for Transportation Disadvantaged, Re: HB 551-Follow-up, Dec. 20,
2019. (Copy on file with Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee).
22
   49 C.F.R. Part 37
23
   Email from David Darm, Executive Director, Commission for Transportation Disadvantaged, Re: HB 551-Cross-County Mobility
Follow-up, Jan. 7, 2020. (Copy on file with Transportation & Infrastructure Subcommittee).
STORAGE NAME: pcs0551.TIS                                                                                            PAGE: 4
DATE: 1/13/2020
       Section 1 amends s. 427.0155, F.S., providing the powers and duties of community transportation
       coordinators.

       Section 2 amends s. 427.0157, F.S., providing the powers and duties of coordinating boards.

       Section 3 provides an effective date of July 1, 2020.


                            II. FISCAL ANALYSIS & ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENT

   A. FISCAL IMPACT ON STATE GOVERNMENT:

       1. Revenues:
           The bill does not appear to impact state government revenues.

       2. Expenditures:
           The bill does not appear to impact state government expenditures.

   B. FISCAL IMPACT ON LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:

       1. Revenues:
           The bill does not appear to impact local government revenues.

       2. Expenditures:
           Indeterminate. To the extent that CTCs and LCBs are local governmental entities, there may be an
           increase in expenditures associated with supporting programs enhancing cross-county mobility for
           the transportation disadvantaged.

   C. DIRECT ECONOMIC IMPACT ON PRIVATE SECTOR:
        The enhancement of cross-county mobility services for the transportation disadvantaged may increase
        their access to employment, health care, education, shopping, and other life-sustaining services across
        county lines.

   D. FISCAL COMMENTS:
        None.


                                                III. COMMENTS

   A. CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES:

       1. Applicability of Municipality/County Mandates Provision:
          Not applicable. This bill does not appear to require counties or municipalities to spend funds or take
          action requiring the expenditure of funds; reduce the authority that counties or municipalities have to
          raise revenues in the aggregate; or reduce the percentage of sales tax shared with counties or
          municipalities.

       2. Other:
          None.

   B. RULE-MAKING AUTHORITY:
        The bill does not provide a grant of rulemaking authority, nor does it require rulemaking.

STORAGE NAME: pcs0551.TIS                                                                                  PAGE: 5
DATE: 1/13/2020
   C. DRAFTING ISSUES OR OTHER COMMENTS:
       None.


                            IV. AMENDMENTS/ COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE CHANGES
   Not applicable.




STORAGE NAME: pcs0551.TIS                                                  PAGE: 6
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           PCS for HB 551                              ORIGINAL                                                 2020




    1                                          A bill to be entitled
    2              An act relating to transportation disadvantaged;
    3              amending s. 427.0155, F.S.; requiring community
    4              transportation coordinators, in cooperation with the
    5              coordinating board, to increase and support programs
    6              that enhance cross-county mobility for specified
    7              purposes for the transportation disadvantaged;
    8              amending s. 427.0157, F.S.; requiring each
    9              coordinating board to evaluate multicounty or regional
10                 transportation opportunities to increase and support
11                 programs that enhance cross-county mobility for
12                 specified purposes for the transportation
13                 disadvantaged; providing an effective date.
14
15         Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida:
16
17                 Section 1.           Subsection (10) is added to section 427.0155,
18         Florida Statutes, to read:
19                 427.0155           Community transportation coordinators; powers and
20         duties.—Community transportation coordinators shall have the
21         following powers and duties:
22                 (10)         In cooperation with the coordinating board, increase
23         and support programs that enhance cross-county mobility for the
24         transportation disadvantaged to access employment, health care,
25         education, shopping, or other life-sustaining services across

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        PCS for HB 551                             ORIGINAL                                                  2020




26      one or more county lines.
27              Section 2.         Section 427.0157, Florida Statutes, is amended
28      to read:
29              427.0157          Coordinating boards; powers and duties.—The
30      purpose of each coordinating board is to develop local service
31      needs and to provide information, advice, and direction to the
32      community transportation coordinators on the coordination of
33      services to be provided to the transportation disadvantaged. The
34      commission shall, by rule, establish the membership of
35      coordinating boards. The members of each board shall be
36      appointed by the metropolitan planning organization or
37      designated official planning agency. The appointing authority
38      shall provide each board with sufficient staff support and
39      resources to enable the board to fulfill its responsibilities
40      under this section. Each board shall meet at least quarterly and
41      shall:
42              (1)      Review and approve the coordinated community
43      transportation disadvantaged service plan, including the
44      memorandum of agreement, prior to submittal to the commission.;
45              (2)      Evaluate services provided in meeting the approved
46      plan.;
47              (3)      In cooperation with the community transportation
48      coordinator, review and provide recommendations to the
49      commission on funding applications affecting the transportation
50      disadvantaged.;

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        PCS for HB 551                             ORIGINAL                                                  2020




51              (4)      Assist the community transportation coordinator in
52      establishing eligibility guidelines and priorities with regard
53      to the recipients of nonsponsored transportation disadvantaged
54      services that are purchased with Transportation Disadvantaged
55      Trust Fund moneys.
56              (5)      Review the coordination strategies of service
57      provision to the transportation disadvantaged in the designated
58      service area.; and
59              (6)      Evaluate multicounty or regional transportation
60      opportunities to increase and support programs that enhance
61      cross-county mobility for the transportation disadvantaged to
62      access employment, health care, education, shopping, or other
63      life-sustaining services across one or more county lines.
64              (7)      Work cooperatively with local workforce development
65      boards established in chapter 445 to provide assistance in the
66      development of innovative transportation services for
67      participants in the welfare transition program.
68              Section 3.         This act shall take effect July 1, 2020.




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