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JOINT REPORT Rule 26(f) Discovery Plan ;… — United States ex rel. Quesenberry v. JMG Investments, Inc., et al. (Dkt. 57)

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A Joint Rule 26(f) Report filed December 2, 2024 as Document 57 in United States of America ex rel. Bryan Quesenberry v. JMG Investments, Inc., No. 2:20-cv-08497-MWF-AS, in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California. The report describes a qui tam action in which the United States has intervened, seeking damages and statutory penalties under the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729 et seq., and under common law theories of unjust enrichment and payment by mistake. The United States alleges that the defendants obtained a second, duplicate Paycheck Protection Program loan of $501,588 and that the Small Business Administration sustained a loss of $516,635 inclusive of processing fees; the defendants deny knowingly making false statements. The 13-page report sets out the legal issues, the parties, key witnesses and key documents, and an anticipated seven-day jury trial.

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No. 2:20-cv-08497-MWF-AS · Doc. 57 · Docket on CourtListener

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     Case 2:20-cv-08497-MWF-AS    Document 57 Filed 12/02/24       Page 1 of 13 Page ID
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1    BRIAN M. BOYNTON
     Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division
2    E. MARTIN ESTRADA
     United States Attorney
3    DAVID M. HARRIS, AUSA
     Chief, Civil Division
4    ROSS M. CUFF, AUSA
     Chief, Civil Fraud Section
5    FRANK D. KORTUM, AUSA
     California State Bar No. 110984
6          Room 7516, Federal Building
           300 North Los Angeles Street
7          Los Angeles, California 90012
           Tel: (213) 894-6841; Fax: (213) 894-7819
8          E-mail: frank.kortum@usdoj.gov
     JAMIE ANN YAVELBERG
9    COLIN M. HUNTLEY
     JARED S. WIESNER
10   PADEN GALLAGHER
     Attorneys, Civil Division
11   United States Department of Justice
           P.O. Box 261, Ben Franklin Station
12         Washington, D.C. 20044
           Tel: (202) 353-1274
13         Fax: (202) 616-3085
           Email: Jared.S.Wiesner2@usdoj.gov
14   Attorneys for the United States of America
15                           UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
16                    FOR THE CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
17
     UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ex                No. 2:20−cv−08497−MWF−AS
18   rel. BRYAN QUESENBERRY,
19              Plaintiff,                       JOINT RULE 26(f) REPORT
20                     v.                        Date:      December 16, 2024
21   JMG INVESTMENTS, INC., and                  Time:      11:00 A.M.
     JEFFREY SCHWARTZ                            Courtroom: 5A
22
                Defendant.
23
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27
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1                                 JOINT RULE 26(f) REPORT
2          Pursuant to Rule 26(f) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Local Rule 26-1,
3    and the Order Setting Scheduling Conference issued on November 13, 2024 (Dkt. 54),
4    Plaintiff United States of America (“United States”) and Defendants JMG Investments,
5    Inc. (“JMG”) and Jeffrey Schwartz (“Schwartz”) submit this Joint Rule 26(f) Report.
6          The submission of this Joint Report follows the conference of the Parties’ counsel
7    held on November 25, 2024.
8          A. STATEMENT OF THE CASE
9          This is a qui tam action, in which the United States of America (“United States”)
10   has intervened, for damages and statutory penalties under the False Claims Act (“FCA”),
11   31 U.S.C. §§ 3729 et seq., and the common law, including equitable theories of unjust
12   enrichment and payment by mistake. The United States alleges that JMG and its owner,
13   Schwartz, (1) made false or fraudulent statements to improperly obtain a second,
14   duplicate Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loan prior to December 31, 2020,
15   despite the fact that under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act
16   (“CARES ACT”) (Pub. L. 116-136), they were permitted to receive only one PPP loan
17   prior to December 31, 2020; and (2) knowingly and improperly avoided an obligation to
18   repay the duplicate PPP loan. JMG and Schwartz deny the forgoing allegations.
19         The CARES Act was enacted to provide emergency assistance and health care
20   response for individuals, families, and businesses affected by the Coronavirus Disease
21   2019 (“COVID-19”) pandemic. The CARES Act, inter alia, temporarily permitted the
22   Small Business Administration (“SBA”) to fully guarantee 100 percent of loans made by
23   participating lenders under the PPP and further provided forgiveness of up to the full
24   principal amount of qualifying loans guaranteed under the PPP. To help ensure that as
25   many eligible borrowers as possible could obtain PPP loans, an Interim Final Rule issued
26   by SBA allowed borrowers to receive only one PPP loan during 2020, and regulations
27   governing PPP loans required eligible borrowers to certify that they did not have
28   applications pending for duplicative loans and that they had not and would not receive a
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1    second loan under the PPP prior to December 31, 2020.
2          The United States alleges that Schwartz signed, and JMG submitted, a PPP loan
3    application on or about April 8, 2020 for $505,987, which was approved and funded on
4    or about May 15, 2020. Shortly after submitting their first loan application, Schwartz
5    signed, and JMG submitted, a second PPP loan application on or about May 7, 2020 for
6    $501,588, which was approved and funded on or about May 22, 2020. The SBA
7    additionally paid $15,047 in processing fees in connection with providing that loan. As
8    part of that loan application, Schwartz was required to certify that JMG had not received
9    and would not receive another PPP loan in 2020. However, Defendants neither
10   withdrew their second loan application after receiving disbursement of their first PPP
11   loan nor returned the funds from the second PPP loan; instead, Defendants retained and
12   spent the funds from the duplicate PPP loan. On or about February 9, 2021, the SBA
13   forgave Defendants’ first PPP loan, and on or about July 19, 2021, Defendants applied
14   for loan forgiveness on the duplicate PPP loan. In applying for loan forgiveness on the
15   duplicate loan, Defendants falsely represented, expressly or impliedly, that they were
16   eligible for the duplicate loan, followed all PPP rules, and were eligible for loan
17   forgiveness. SBA ultimately paid the lender the full amount of the duplicate loan,
18   sustaining a total loss of $516,635, inclusive of processing fees.
19         Had the United States been aware of the alleged falsity of Defendants’
20   certifications, it never would have disbursed, guaranteed, or ultimately purchased and
21   forgave Defendants’ second PPP loan. Accordingly, the United States claims that
22   Defendants are liable for damages and statutory penalties under the FCA, or, in the
23   alternative, under common law and equitable theories of unjust enrichment and payment
24   by mistake.
25         B. SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION
26         This Court has subject matter jurisdiction over the United States’ claims brought
27   under the FCA, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3279, et seq., pursuant to 31 U.S.C. §§ 3730 and 3732.
28   The Parties further agree that this Court has supplemental jurisdiction to entertain the
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1    common law and equitable causes of action under 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a).
2          C. LEGAL ISSUES
3              1. Whether Defendants’ Allegedly False Certifications and Receipt of a
4                 Second PPP Loan Violates the False Claims Act
5                 a. United States’ Position
6          The FCA imposes civil liability on anyone who ‘“knowingly presents, or causes to
7    be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment or approval,’ or ‘knowingly makes,
8    uses, or causes to be made or used, a false record or statement material to a false or
9    fraudulent claim.’” Winter ex rel. U.S. v. Gardens Reg’l Hosp. & Med. Ctr., Inc., 953
10   F.3d 1108, 1114 (9th Cir. 2020) (citation and quotation marks omitted). Liability also
11   lies where someone “knowingly conceals or knowingly and improperly avoids or
12   decreases an obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the Government.” 31
13   U.S.C. § 3729(a)(1)(G). The United States alleges that Defendants are liable under each
14   of those theories.
15         The United States alleges that Defendants falsely certified that they would not
16   receive two PPP loans in 2020 despite applying for and retaining two PPP loans and that
17   the SBA would not have disbursed the second PPP loan to Defendants had it been aware
18   of the falsity of Defendants’ certifications. (United States’ Complaint in Intervention
19   (“Compl.”), Dkt. No. 41 ¶¶ 24-31, 35.) After receipt of the duplicate PPP loan,
20   Defendants knowingly and improperly avoided an obligation to repay the duplicate PPP
21   loan. (Compl. ¶¶ 38-41.) Defendants also improperly both applied for and obtained
22   forgiveness on the second PPP loan, again falsely certifying compliance with the PPP
23   rules and regulations. (Compl. ¶¶ 38-40.) Defendants engaged in this conduct and made
24   these false certifications despite knowing that they were ineligible to receive or retain a
25   second PPP loan in 2020. As Defendant Schwartz admitted under oath in response to a
26   Civil Investigative Demand: “Well, I knew – I knew that I was – I was only supposed to
27   get one PPP loan.” (Compl. ¶ 36.) Accordingly, the United States contends that
28   Defendants’ actions give rise to liability under the FCA.
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1                 b. Defendants’ Position
2          Defendant Schwartz denies that he knowingly made any false statements and
3    avers that at all times he had the honest opinion that the representations made in the PPP
4    loan applications were true and if any representation was false, it was the result of an
5    honest mistake, inadvertence or mere negligence.
6              2. Whether Defendants’ Retention of a Second PPP Loan Secured Through
7                 Their Allegedly False Certifications is Unjust
8                 a. United States’ Position
9          In the alternative, the United States argues that Defendants must repay the
10   fraudulently obtained second PPP loan under a theory of unjust enrichment. To make a
11   claim for unjust enrichment, a plaintiff must show the “receipt of a benefit and unjust
12   retention of the benefit at the expense of another.” United States v. Bourseau, No.
13   03CV907 BEN (WMC), 2005 WL 8169208, at *7 (S.D. Cal. Nov. 2, 2005). As
14   explained in the Complaint, the CARES Act was enacted to provide emergency
15   assistance and health care response for individuals, families, and businesses affected by
16   the COVID-19 pandemic and authorized the SBA to provide businesses with PPP loans
17   to further those goals. (Compl. ¶ 10.) Further, to help ensure that as many eligible
18   borrowers as possible could obtain PPP loans and to help advance Congress’ goal of
19   keeping workers paid and employed across the United States, an Interim Final Rule
20   issued by SBA allowed borrowers to receive only one PPP loan during 2020. See Small
21   Business Administration Interim Final Rule, 85 Fed. Reg. 20811, 20813 (April 15, 2020)
22   (to be codified at 13 C.F.R. pt. 120).
23         Defendants’ fraudulent obtaining and retention of a second PPP loan is unjust
24   under these circumstances. As explained above, Defendants were aware that they were
25   only entitled to obtain a single PPP loan in 2020—just as every PPP applicant was—yet
26   they falsely certified compliance with the applicable rules and regulations to obtain and
27   retain a second, improper PPP loan. (Compl. ¶¶ 24-41.) Accordingly, any retention of
28   the benefits of the second PPP loan would be unjust, both in awarding Defendants’
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1    fraudulent certifications and in allowing them to retain a benefit to which they, like
2    everyone in the United States, were not entitled.
3                 b. Defendants’ Position
4          Defendant Schwartz denies that he knowingly made any false statements and
5    avers that at all times he had the honest opinion that the representations made in the PPP
6    loan applications were true and if any representation was false, it was the result of an
7    honest mistake, inadvertence or mere negligence.
8          Defendant Schwartz also denies retaining any benefit from the second PPP loan in
9    that the loan proceeds were used exactly as intended under the CARES Act - to provide
10   emergency assistance and health care response for individuals, families, and businesses
11   affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Defendants Schwartz and JMG used the loan
12   proceeds solely to meet payroll for approximately 60 employees and other legitimate and
13   necessary operating expenses as mandated by the Small Business Administration
14   (“SBA”)
15              3. Whether the United States’ Agents Disbursed and Forgave the Second PPP
16                Loan Based Upon Mistaken or Erroneous Understandings of Material Fact
17                a. United States’ Position
18         “The United States may recover payments made under an erroneous belief that
19   was material to the decision to pay, even if the payments were innocently received,”
20   under a cause of action for payment by mistake. United States ex rel. Humane Soc'y of
21   the United States v. Westland/Hallmark Meat Co., No. EDCV0800221VAPOPX, 2010
22   WL 11464786, at *12 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 5, 2010). As explained above and in its
23   Complaint, the United States would not have paid or forgiven Defendants’ second PPP
24   loan had it been aware of the falsity of Defendants’ certifications. Accordingly, because
25   Defendants received federal monies based upon a mistaken or erroneous understanding
26   of material facts, the United States argues in the alternative that it should be allowed to
27   recover the monies Defendants improperly obtained under a theory of payment by
28   mistake.
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1                 b. Defendants’ Position
2          Defendants JMG and Schwartz do not assert any right to retain the proceeds of the
3    Second PPP loan and have made multiple offers to repay the loan.
4          This action could have been resolved years ago if the SBA had notified
5    Defendants that the Second PPP loan was made by mistake and demanded repayment.
6    Instead, the SBA forgave the loan without notice to Defendants in contravention of their
7    own internal rules, Standard Operating Procedures (“SOP”), requiring the SBA send a
8    letter to the borrower giving the borrower 60 calendar days to either pay the loan in full
9    or negotiate an acceptable payment plan.
10         The SBA did not give any notice or demand letter to Defendants of any issues.
11         Defendants JMG and Schwartz are willing and able to rectify the mistake by
12   repaying the loan amount and related costs incurred by the SBA.
13         D. PARTIES, EVIDENCE, ETC.
14            1. The Parties
15         The Parties to this case are the United States of America, as Plaintiff, and JMG
16   Investments, Inc., and Jeffrey Schwartz as Defendants.
17         The United States does not have any subsidiaries or corporate parents.
18         Defendant JMG Investments, Inc. does not have any subsidiaries or corporate
19   parents. Defendant JMG Investments, Inc. has the following affiliates, which are 100%
20   owned by Defendant Jeffrey Schwartz: Health Care Advocacy; Malibu Physician’s
21   Billing Group; and JMG Recovery, Inc. (terminated November 5, 2024).
22            2. Percipient Witnesses
23         At this time, the Parties believe that the key percipient witnesses, subject to
24   change as discovery progresses, are Schwartz, JMG’s 30(b)(6) witnesses, and Lori
25   Grieder, who assisted Schwartz and JMG with the duplicate PPP loan. The parties also
26   expect key witnesses to include personnel at the bank which processed Defendants’
27   duplicate PPP loan application who may have been involved in the application and
28   approval processes for that loan.
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1               3. Key Documents
2            At this time, the Parties believe that the key documents include, subject to change
3    as discovery progresses, Defendants’ PPP loan applications, Defendants’ PPP loan
4    forgiveness applications, Defendants’ communications with lenders regarding their PPP
5    loans, Defendants’ communications with third-party financial and other professionals
6    regarding their PPP loan applications, and documents related to Defendants’ retention
7    and spending of the monies obtained through the at-issue PPP loans, including payroll
8    records.
9            E. DAMAGES
10           The FCA provides for a recovery of three times the damages sustained by the
11   United States, plus a civil penalty for each violation. 31 U.S.C. § 3729(a)(1). Pursuant
12   to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, all civil statutory penalties, including those set
13   forth in the FCA, are required to be adjusted annually for inflation. See Pub. Law. No.
14   114-74, § 701, 129 Stat. 584, 599. At this time, FCA penalties assessed after February
15   12, 2024, whose associated violations occurred after November 2, 2015, are no less than
16   $13,946 and no more than $27,894 for each violation. See 28 C.F.R. § 85.5
17   (Adjustments to penalties for violations occurring after November 2, 2015).
18           Accordingly, the United States’ damages could total $1,549,905, which is equal to
19   three times the second loan amount and processing fees, plus additional civil penalties
20   for each FCA violation for which Defendants are found liable.
21           Defendants contend that the damages claimed are untethered to reality, unjustified
22   and amount to an unconstitutional penalty. Moreover, Defendant JMG lost
23   approximately $800,000 in 2023 and is on the same loss track for 2024. The restitution
24   offered by Defendant Schwartz will have to come from sale of property.
25           F. INSURANCE
26           The Parties are currently unaware of any insurance coverage for the claims in this
27   case.
28
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1          G. MOTIONS
2          The United States does not anticipate the need to add parties or transfer venue but
3    may move for leave to amend its Complaint if needed as discovery progresses. The
4    United States anticipates moving for full or partial summary judgment after the close of
5    discovery.
6          Defendants do not anticipate the need to add any parties, transfer venue or bring
7    any motions, other than a possible Motion for Summary Adjudication of Issues under
8    FRCP Rule 56. Defendants request a jury trial.
9          H. MANUAL FOR COMPLEX LITIGATION
10         The Parties do not anticipate the need to utilize any procedures from the Manual
11   for Complex Litigation in this case.
12         I. STATUS OF DISCOVERY
13         The United States and Defendants will provide one another with initial disclosures
14   by December 9, 2024.
15         J. DISCOVERY PLAN
16         The Parties intend to utilize all forms of discovery allowed under the Federal
17   Rules of Civil Procedure. At this time, the Parties do not anticipate that modifications of
18   the discovery limitations set forth in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are necessary.
19   However, each party reserves the right to request such modification as discovery
20   progresses. The Parties further do not believe discovery need be conducted in phases or
21   otherwise limited.
22         The United States’ anticipated areas of discovery include:
23            i.   Any documents or information related to the ownership structure of
24   Defendant JMG and Defendant Schwartz’s ownership of Defendant JMG.
25           ii.   Any documents and information relevant to Defendant JMG’s operations.
26          iii.   Any documents or information relevant to the JMG and Schwartz’s
27   finances, wealth, bookkeeping, accounting, assets, and liabilities.
28          iv.    Any documents or information relevant to Defendants’ submission of their
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1     first PPP loan application, including any documents or information relevant to
2     Defendants’ knowledge of the falsity of their certifications in their loan application and
3     ineligibility to receive a second PPP loan prior to December 31, 2020.
4             v.   Any documents or information relevant to Defendants’ submission of their
5     second PPP loan application, including any documents or information relevant to
6     Defendants’ knowledge of the falsity of their certifications in their loan application and
7     ineligibility to receive a second PPP loan prior to December 31, 2020.
8            vi.   Any documents or information relevant to Defendants’ applications for loan
9     forgiveness, including any documents or information relevant to Defendants’ knowledge
10    of their ineligibility to receive forgiveness for both PPP loans.
11          vii.   Any documents or information relevant to Defendants’ discussions with
12    accountants or other financial professionals that Defendants consulted regarding
13    Defendants’ PPP loan applications, forgiveness applications, and eligibility or
14    ineligibility to receive PPP loans.
15         viii.   Any documents or information relevant to Defendants’ retention and
16    spending of the funds obtained from the United States government through the PPP,
17    including Defendants’ business plans and projections.
18           ix.   Any documents or information relevant to the application and processing of
19    Defendants’ second PPP loan by the bank who processed that loan.
20            x.   Internal or third-party complaints, audits, investigations, or inquiries
21    regarding any facts alleged in the Complaint.
22           xi.   The identities of all employees and third parties with material information
23    relevant to the allegations in the Complaint.
24          xii.   Any documents or information related to the defenses asserted in
25    Defendants’ Answer.
26         xiii.   Any other areas which become necessary to explore as the discovery
27    process unfolds.
28          Defendants’ anticipated area of discovery includes:
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1           (i)     Documents and information from Bryan Quesenberry, plaintiff and relator.
2           (ii)    Documents and information from persons most knowledgeable about the
3     subject PPP loan at the Small Business Administration.
4           (iii)   Documents and information from persons most knowledgeable about the
5     subject PPP loan at Fountainhead Lender.
6           (iv)    Lori Greider, loan broker.
7           K. DISCOVERY CUT-OFF
8           Please see Exhibit A attached hereto.
9           L. EXPERT DISCOVERY
10          Please see Exhibit A attached hereto.
11          M. DISPOSITIVE MOTIONS
12          The United States believes that all its claims may be determined by a motion for
13    summary judgment.
14          Defendants believe that the United States actions under the False Claims Act’s qui
15    tam provisions (31 U.S.C. § 3729-3733) may be determined to be unconstitutional by a
16    motion for summary adjudication of issues.
17          N. SETTLEMENT/ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR)
18          The Parties engaged in settlement discussions during the United States’
19    investigation into Defendants’ alleged fraud. However, the Parties were unable to reach
20    an agreeable settlement, prompting the United States’ intervention and Complaint.
21          The Parties have committed to continuing settlement discussions and request that
22    the Court assign a Magistrate Judge to facilitate further discussions.
23          O. TRIAL ESTIMATE
24          The United States estimates that its case in chief will require 2 days. The United
25    States currently anticipates calling at least three witnesses. However, if additional
26    witnesses are identified in discovery, the United States case in chief may be longer.
27          Defendants request a jury trial and anticipate calling at least three witnesses.
28          Accordingly, the Parties anticipate an estimated trial length of 7 days.
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1           P. TRIAL COUNSEL
2           For the United States, trial counsel are:
3                 Jared S. Wiesner (D.C. Bar No. 976856)
4                 Frank D. Kortum (SBN #110984)
5                 Paden Gallagher (D.C. Bar No. 1735394)
6           For Defendants, trial counsel are:
7                 Richard A Rodgers (SBN #210196)
8                 John Wylie (Florida Bar. No. 133817)
9           Q. INDEPENDENT EXPERT OR MASTER
10          The Parties agree that there is no need for an independent expert or master.
11          R. TIMETABLE
12          Please see Exhibit A attached hereto.
13    ///
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1             S. OTHER ISSUES
2             The Parties do not anticipate any other issues requiring the Court’s attention at this
3     time.
4
5                                          Respectfully submitted,
6
      Dated: 12/2/2024                     BRIAN M. BOYNTON
7                                          Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Civil
                                           Division
8                                          E. MARTIN ESTRADA
                                           United States Attorney
9                                          DAVID M. HARRIS
                                           Assistant United States Attorney
10                                         Chief, Civil Division
                                           ROSS M. CUFF
11                                         Assistant United States Attorney
                                           Chief, Civil Fraud Section
12                                         JAMIE ANN YAVELBERG
                                           COLIN M. HUNTLEY
13                                         JARED S. WIESNER
                                           PADEN GALLAGHER
14                                         Attorneys, Civil Division
15
16                                         /s/ Frank D. Kortum
                                           FRANK D. KORTUM
17                                         Assistant United States Attorney
                                           Attorneys for the United States of America
18
19                                         SHANE DIGIUSEPPE & RODGERS LLP
      Dated: 11/26/2024
20
21
22                                         Richard A. Rodgers
                                           Attorneys for JMG Investments Inc,
23                                         and Jeffrey Schwartz

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