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Exhibit A - Tendered Reply — Oto Analytics, LLC v. Benworth Capital Partners PR LLC (Dkt. 165.1)

No. 3:23-cv-01034-GMM · Doc. 165-1 · Docket on CourtListener

Summary

Exhibit A, filed September 30, 2024 as Doc. 165-1 in Oto Analytics, LLC v. Benworth Capital Partners PR, LLC, No. 3:23-cv-01034-GMM, consolidated with Civil No. 24-01313 (GMM), in the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, is plaintiff Oto Analytics, LLC's tendered reply in further support of its motion to strike defendants' affirmative defenses of unclean hands, set off and public policy. Answering the joint opposition (ECF No. 163), Womply argues that the defenses seek to relitigate the existence and amount of Benworth FL's debt, which it says the arbitrator resolved in the Final Award. It contends that attachment is a prejudgment remedy under Fed R. Civ. P. 64(b), not a cause of action open to affirmative defenses, and that the setoff defenses fail because Womply owes no debt to Benworth FL. The reply is signed by Alejandro J. Cepeda Diaz of McConnell Valdés LLC.

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Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM   Document 165-1   Filed 09/30/24   Page 1 of 18




          EXHIBIT A
     Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM       Document 165-1      Filed 09/30/24    Page 2 of 18




                     IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                       FOR THE DISTRICT OF PUERTO RICO

OTO ANALYTICS, LLC,                           §
                                              §
                Plaintiff,                    §
                                              §
v.                                            §
                                              §
BENWORTH CAPITAL PARTNERS PR,                 §
LLC; BENWORTH CAPITAL PARTNERS,               §
LLC; BERNARDO NAVARRO and                     §   Civil No. 23-01034 (GMM) cons. Civil
CLAUDIA NAVARRO,                              §   No. 24-01313 (GMM)
                                              §
                Defendants.
                                              §
FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF SAN                   §
FRANCISCO,                                    §
                                              §
                Plaintiff-Intervenor,         §
                                              §
v.                                            §
                                              §
OTO ANALYTICS, LLC; BENWORTH                  §
CAPITAL PARTNERS PR, LLC;                     §
BENWORTH CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC;               §
BERNARDO NAVARRO and CLAUDIA                  §
NAVARRO,                                      §
                                              §
                Defendants in Intervention.   §


     PLAINTIFF OTO ANALYTICS, LLC’S REPLY IN FURTHER SUPPORT OF ITS
        MOTION TO STRIKE DEFENDANTS’ AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES OF
               UNCLEAN HANDS, SET OFF, AND PUBLIC POLICY
    Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM          Document 165-1       Filed 09/30/24     Page 3 of 18




Alexander L. Cheney (admitted pro hac vice)   Alejandro J. Cepeda Diaz
333 Bush St                                   USDC-PR 222110
San Francisco, CA 94104                       McConnell Valdés LLC
(415) 858-7400                                270 Muñoz Rivera Ave.
acheney@willkie.com                           Hato Rey PR 00918
                                              Tel: (787) 250-5637
Stuart R. Lombardi (admitted pro hac vice)    Email: ajc@mcvpr.com
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP
787 7th Avenue
New York, NY 10019                            Attorneys for Plaintiff and Defendant in
(212) 728-8000                                Intervention Oto Analytics, LLC
slombardi@willkie.com

Joshua S. Levy (admitted pro hac vice)
1875 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202) 303-1000
jlevy@willkie.com

Dated: September 30, 2024
      Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM                           Document 165-1                   Filed 09/30/24               Page 4 of 18




                                                   TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY STATEMENT .....................................................................................................1

ARGUMENT ...................................................................................................................................1

I.        This Court Should Strike Defendants’ Affirmative Defenses. ............................................1

          A.         Defendants Admit That The Affirmative Defenses Seek To “Eliminate Or
                     Reduce” The Debt Owed To Womply, Which Was Already Resolved In The
                     Arbitration. ...............................................................................................................1

          B.         Permitting The Affirmative Defenses To Survive Would Be Prejudicial To
                     Womply....................................................................................................................8

II.       Benworth PR And Mrs. Navarro’s Contingent Theory Of Standing Fails. .........................9

CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................................................10

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ......................................................................................................12




                                                                       i
      Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM                            Document 165-1                    Filed 09/30/24               Page 5 of 18




                                                  TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Cases                                                                                                                                   Page(s)

Am. Bd. of Internal Medicine v. Salas-Rushford,
   2021 WL 2892837 (D.P.R. July 9, 2021) ................................................................................10

Asphaltos Trade, S.A. v. Bituven P.R., LLC,
   2021 WL 965645 (D.P.R. Mar. 15, 2021) .............................................................................8, 9

Compton v. Swanson,
  57 F. App’x 302 (9th Cir. 2003) ................................................................................................9

Dialysis Access Ctr., LLC v. RMS Lifeline, Inc.,
   932 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019) ......................................................................................................6, 7

Glassman v. Safeco Ins. Co. of Am.,
   90 Cal. App. 5th 1281 (2023) ....................................................................................................4

Gomez v. Bird Auto., LLC,
  411 F. Supp. 3d 1332 (S.D. Fla. 2019) ......................................................................................6

Manganella v. Evanston Ins. Co.,
  700 F.3d 585 (1st Cir. 2012) ......................................................................................................2

Marrero-Rolon v. Autoridad de Energia Electrica de P.R.,
  2017 WL 3584890 (D.P.R. Jan. 3, 2017)...................................................................................9

Mathew Enterp., Inc. v. Chrysler Grp, LLC,
   250 F. Supp. 3d 409 (N.D. Cal. 2017) .......................................................................................6

Ribadeneira v. New Balance Athletics, Inc.,
   65 F.4th 1 (1st Cir. 2023) ...........................................................................................................2

Safeguard Props. Mgmt., LLC v. MidFirst Bank,
    2017 WL 4541592 (N.D. Ohio Oct. 11, 2017) ..........................................................................7

Silva v. Manley Berenson Bontehiedra Mgmt.,
    2005 WL 8167859 (D.P.R. Apr. 25, 2005)..............................................................................10

Teamsters Local Union No. 42 v. Supervalu, Inc.,
   212 F.3d 59 (1st Cir. 2000) ........................................................................................................7

Statutes and Rules

9 U.S.C. § 9 ......................................................................................................................................7

9 U.S.C. § 10 ....................................................................................................................................7


                                                                        ii
      Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM                           Document 165-1                  Filed 09/30/24              Page 6 of 18




Fed R. Civ. P. 64(b) .........................................................................................................................4

P.R. Code of Civ. P. R. 56.1 ............................................................................................................4




                                                                     iii
       Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM          Document 165-1       Filed 09/30/24     Page 7 of 18




         Womply respectfully submits this Reply to Defendants’ Joint Opposition (“Opposition” or

“Opp.”; ECF No. 163) to Womply’s Motion To Strike Defendants’ Affirmative Defenses Of

Unclear Hands, Set Off, And Public Policy (“Motion” or “Mot.”; ECF No. 162). 1

                                 PRELIMINARY STATEMENT

         Defendants admit that they seek to use the Affirmative Defenses “to either eliminate or

reduce the purported debt owed to Womply” by Benworth FL, which was the subject of the

Arbitration.    (Opp. at 10.)   Benworth FL either made the same arguments underlying the

Affirmative Defenses in the Arbitration, and had them rejected by the Arbitrator, or it failed to

raise them. Either way, Defendants are not permitted to relitigate in this action the existence or

amount of Benworth FL’s debt when that issue has already been resolved by the Arbitrator.

Allowing Defendants to relitigate that issue here would not only prejudice Womply, it also would

violate the binding arbitration agreement and the Federal Arbitration Act.

                                           ARGUMENT

I.       The Opposition Confirms That This Court Should Strike the Affirmative Defenses.

         A.      Defendants Admit That The Affirmative Defenses Seek To “Eliminate Or
                 Reduce” The Debt Owed To Womply, Which Was Already Resolved In The
                 Arbitration.

         Defendants concede that the Affirmative Defenses do not relate to any of Womply’s causes

of action in this case. In their Opposition, Defendants admit that the Affirmative Defenses are

“alleged to either eliminate or reduce the purported debt owed to Womply.” (Opp. at 10.) But the

existence and amount of Benworth FL’s debt to Womply was the subject of and resolved in the

Arbitration. Defendants admit this as well. In their failed motions to dismiss this action during

the pendency of the Arbitration, Defendants represented to this Court that “whether Benworth FL



1
    All capitalized terms have the same meanings as in Womply’s Motion, unless otherwise indicated.

                                                 1
    Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM             Document 165-1         Filed 09/30/24      Page 8 of 18




owes a debt to Womply is the controversy at the heart of the pending Arbitration.” (Benworth

PR’s Mot. to Dismiss (“MTD”; ECF No. 34) at 8; see also id. at 6; Benworth FL’s Mot. for Joinder

to Mot. to Dismiss (ECF No. 35) at 4; Joint Reply in Support of Mot. to Dismiss (“MTD Reply”;

ECF No. 61) at 3; Navarros’ Mot. for Joinder to Mot. to Dismiss and Joint Reply (ECF No. 90) at

4.) What is more, Benworth FL raised in that Arbitration the same Fee Cap Argument, Lender

Service Provider Argument, and Fraudulent Loan Argument that underlie the Affirmative

Defenses here. (See Mot. at 4–6.) The Arbitrator rejected all of those arguments. 2

       In their Opposition, Defendants now argue that they are not estopped from raising those

same arguments here, because Benworth FL did not actually litigate to resolution some of the

arguments made in the Affirmative Defenses. (See Opp. at 7–8.) Benworth FL did unsuccessfully

raise those same arguments in the Arbitration. (See infra at 8.) But, in any event, Defendants

misunderstand issue preclusion. The analysis here is not whether Defendants raised in the

Arbitration the precise arguments they now make in the Affirmative Defenses; it is “whether a

party has had a full and fair opportunity for judicial resolution of” the issues the Affirmative

Defenses seek to address—that is, the existence and amount of the debt owed to Womply.

Manganella v. Evanston Ins. Co., 700 F.3d 585, 591 (1st Cir. 2012) (cleaned up; collecting cases).

Benworth FL had a full and fair opportunity to litigate the existence and amount of the debt,

including the opportunity to raise the same arguments it is raising now, so it would “be unfair” to

Womply, which “shouldered the effort and expense of the arbitration proceedings until their

conclusion, only to find that [it] still face[s] the risk of having to relitigate the same issues in a




2
 Benworth FL also pursued its Loan File Claim, in response to which the Arbitrator granted
Benworth FL the declaratory relief it sought. Womply complied with the Arbitrator’s order by
producing loan files to Benworth FL, which Defendants do not dispute. (See Mot. at 5–6.)

                                                  2
    Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM             Document 165-1        Filed 09/30/24    Page 9 of 18




judicial forum.” Ribadeneira v. New Balance Athletics, Inc., 65 F.4th 1, 16 (1st Cir. 2023)

(collecting cases).

        Notably, in asking this Court to dismiss or stay this action during the Arbitration,

Defendants agreed that this Court cannot resolve issues concerning the existence or amount of

Benworth FL’s debt to Womply. In asking this Court to dismiss this action pending the outcome

of the Arbitration, Defendants argued that this Court “is barred from side-stepping the Arbitration

and adjudicating the merits of whether Benworth FL is indebted to Womply.” (MTD at 2; see also

id. at 7 (“this Court cannot rule on the merits of the underlying debt claimed by Womply”); MTD

Reply at 3.) Defendants also recognized that the determination of the existence and amount of

Benworth FL’s debt in the Arbitration would have a “preclusive” effect and would “undoubtedly

clarify and perhaps simplify the remaining issues which must be litigated.” (MTD at 8–9 (cleaned

up).)

        Now that Benworth FL lost the Arbitration, Defendants have changed their tune. With the

Affirmative Defenses, Defendants now seek to have this Court “eliminate or reduce the purported

debt owed to Womply” (Opp. at 10), which is precisely what Defendants acknowledged repeatedly

that this Court cannot do. Defendants rely on a limited carveout in the Arbitration Agreement

between Benworth FL and Womply allowing the parties to “seek injunctive or other equitable

relief,” and claim that the Affirmative Defenses “seek[] equitable or injunctive relief from

Womply’s request for the equitable remedy of an attachment of Defendants’ assets.” (Opp. at 4–

5.) In addition to contradicting Defendants’ earlier position that the Arbitration Agreement

precluded this Court from addressing the existence or amount of the debt owed to Womply, this

argument suffers from at least five additional fatal deficiencies.




                                                  3
    Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM            Document 165-1        Filed 09/30/24      Page 10 of 18




          First, the Affirmative Defenses assert defenses to Benworth FL having to pay Womply the

debt owed under their contracts, but that is not the debt at issue in this case. Rather, now that the

Arbitrator has conclusively resolved the underlying contract dispute, Benworth FL’s debt to

Womply has been finally determined and set in the Final Award. Under California law, which

undisputedly governed the Arbitration (see Mot. at 4, 13), the Final Award represents a new debt

that Womply seeks to recover. See Glassman v. Safeco Ins. Co. of Am., 90 Cal. App. 5th 1281

(2023), as modified (May 17, 2023) (holding that, “in matters subject to contractual arbitration,”

the “final award[] itself becomes a new contractual obligation or fixed liability regardless of the

individual elements that comprised that liability”) (collecting cases). The only question in this

case is whether Womply can recover that debt from Defendants under fraudulent transfer, veil

piercing, or alter ego theories.

          Defendants can (and have) asserted other affirmative defenses to the fraudulent transfer

and declaratory judgment claims that Womply asserts in this litigation. Womply has not moved

to strike those affirmative defenses, which include (among others) reasonable actions and good

faith, lack of insolvency, ordinary course of business, lack of fraudulent intent, subsequent good

faith transferee, payment of legitimate debt, separate financial records, and no commingling of

assets.    (Benworth FL’s Answer at 36–41.)        But what Defendants cannot do is assert the

Affirmative Defenses that ask this Court to reconsider whether and to what extent Benworth FL

must pay Womply under the Agreements. Defendants do not (and cannot) cite any authority

providing that a defendant can assert affirmative defenses regarding an issue that has already been

resolved in arbitration.

          Second, Defendants mischaracterize the nature and import of Womply’s reference to an

“attachment” of assets in the prayer for relief of its Complaint. Attachment is not a cause of action



                                                 4
   Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM            Document 165-1        Filed 09/30/24      Page 11 of 18




against which affirmative defenses can be raised. It is a prejudgment remedy that Womply could,

but has not, moved for. See Fed R. Civ. P. 64(b); P.R. Code of Civ. P. R. 56.1 (P.R. Laws Ap. tit.

32A, § III, Rule 56.1). Defendants know this. In earlier briefing to this Court, Defendants

explained that prejudgment attachment “is not a claim in itself, but rather a provisional remedy to

secure a potential judgment in this case, the issuance of which would be discretionary under

applicable law.” (MTD Reply at 2.) Defendants further noted that, because Womply had not

moved for prejudgment attachment, “Womply has not properly requested prejudgment attachment

in this case pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 64(b) or, consequently, Puerto Rico Rule

of Civil Procedure 56, P.R. Laws Ann. Tit. 32, Ap. V, § 56.” (Id. at 2–3.) And Defendants

explained that, if Womply were to move for prejudgment attachment in this case, this Court would

have to evaluate the merits of Womply’s claims, except that it could not evaluate whether

Benworth FL owed Womply a debt:

               Under the applicable Puerto Rico rules, the lawfulness of a
               prejudgment attachment depends on the validity of the plaintiff’s
               claim against the defendant-attachee. The Court would be called to
               determine whether Womply’s claims have sufficient merit to
               warrant awarding the provisional remedy of prejudgment
               attachment. The existence of any debt owed to Womply is an
               element crucial to the validity of each of the claims asserted in the
               Complaint, and a matter entirely subject to arbitration that
               perforce cannot be adjudicated by this Court.

(Id. at 3 (cleaned up; emphasis added).) For these reasons, in March 2023, while the Arbitration

was pending, Defendants argued in this case that, even if Womply were to move for prejudgment

attachment, this case nevertheless should be stayed until the Arbitrator resolved the preliminary

issue of whether and to what extent Benworth FL must pay Womply—an issue that Defendants

admitted this Court could not resolve. (See MTD at 8–10.) In response, Womply consented to

Defendants’ request for a stay (ECF Nos. 49, 91, 95), and this Court stayed this case pending the

outcome of the Arbitration (ECF No. 96).

                                                5
   Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM            Document 165-1        Filed 09/30/24      Page 12 of 18




       The Arbitrator has now resolved the issue of Benworth FL’s debt to Womply, which in

Defendants’ own words is “an element crucial to the validity of each of the claims asserted in the

Complaint, and a matter entirely subject to arbitration that perforce cannot be adjudicated by this

Court.” (MTD Reply at 3.) And it is settled law that “[f]inal arbitral award are afforded the same

preclusive effects as are prior court judgments.” (Mot. at 11 (quoting Manganella, 700 F.3d at

591).) Defendants do not and cannot offer any explanation for how this Court was precluded from

adjudicating the debt owed to Womply during the Arbitration, but can adjudicate that issue now,

after the Arbitration has concluded. Defendants’ argument should be seen for what it is: a total

about-face; a plea for a mulligan on an issue they already admitted would be (and now has been)

conclusively determined in the Arbitration.

       Moreover, even if Womply were to move for prejudgment attachment, Defendants may

only invoke affirmative defenses directed at causes of action, not remedies. As Defendants admit,

“an affirmative defense is a defense that ‘precludes liability.’” (Opp. at 9 n.4 (emphasis added)

(quoting Asphaltos Trade, S.A. v. Bituven P.R., LLC, 2021 WL 965645, at *3 (D.P.R. Mar. 15,

2021))); see also Gomez v. Bird Auto., LLC, 411 F. Supp. 3d 1332, 1339 (S.D. Fla. 2019) (“An

affirmative defense does not negate the elements of the plaintiff’s claim, but instead precludes

liability even if all of the elements of the plaintiff’s claim are proven.”) (cleaned up) (quoting

Roberge v. Hannah Marine Corp., 124 F.3d 199, 199 (6th Cir. 1997)); Mathew Enterp., Inc. v.

Chrysler Grp, LLC, 250 F. Supp. 3d 409, 416 (N.D. Cal. 2017) (same). A so-called “defense that

points out a defect in the plaintiff’s prima facie case is not an affirmative defense.” Mathew

Enterp., 250 F. Supp. 3d at 416 (citing Zivkovic v. S. Cal. Edison Co., 302 F.3d 1080, 1088 (9th

Cir. 2002); Flav–O–Rich v. Rawson Food Serv., Inc., 846 F.2d 1343, 1349 (11th Cir. 1988);

Masuen v. E.L. Lien & Sons, Inc., 714 F.2d 55, 57 (8th Cir. 1983)).



                                                6
    Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM           Document 165-1         Filed 09/30/24      Page 13 of 18




       Third, allowing Defendants to relitigate the debt owed to Womply would violate the

Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) and First Circuit precedent, which hold that a court’s review of

an arbitration award “is extremely narrow and exceedingly deferential.” Dialysis Access Ctr., LLC

v. RMS Lifeline, Inc., 932 F.3d 1, 9 (1st Cir. 2019) (cleaned up); see also Teamsters Local Union

No. 42 v. Supervalu, Inc., 212 F.3d 59, 61 (1st Cir. 2000) (“Arbitral awards are nearly impervious

to judicial oversight.”). “[C]ourts are not authorized to reconsider the merits of arbitration

awards.” Dialysis Access, 932 F.3d at 9 (cleaned up). The FAA “offers very limited reasons to

vacate an arbitration award,” id., and the proper procedural mechanism to obtain that review is a

petition to confirm or vacate an award. 9 U.S.C. §§ 9–10. Womply and Benworth FL have filed

competing petitions to confirm and to vacate, respectively, the Final Award in the United States

District Court for the Northern District of California. Case Nos. 3:24-cv-03975-AMO, 3:24-cv-

04840-AMO (N.D. Cal.). Therefore, to the extent the Arbitrator’s decision regarding the existence

or amount of the debt owed to Womply is subject to any judicial consideration, it is in that court.

       Fourth, striking the Affirmative Defenses would not require this Court to dismiss this

action in favor of arbitration. (Opp. at 6.) Defendants rely on Safeguard Props. Mgmt., LLC v.

MidFirst Bank, 2017 WL 4541592, at *2 (N.D. Ohio Oct. 11, 2017), but in that case, the

affirmative defenses at issue were being litigated in a pending arbitration. The Safeguard court

held that the affirmative defenses were intertwined with the non-arbitrable claims, and therefore

the court ordered that the “case is dismissed without prejudice and may be re-filed, if appropriate,

following completion of arbitration.” 2017 WL 4541592, at *2. Here, unlike in Safeguard, the

Arbitrator has already resolved the arbitrable claims and defenses related to the debt owed to

Womply. In fact, Defendants already obtained a stay of this case while those issues were litigated

in the Arbitration. The Arbitration has concluded and the stay expired. Therefore, there is no



                                                 7
    Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM            Document 165-1          Filed 09/30/24      Page 14 of 18




reason to dismiss this case in favor of any arbitration, and the non-arbitrable claims in this case

may proceed. But they should not proceed with Affirmative Defenses that seek to relitigate the

issues the Arbitrator already resolved.

       Finally, at a minimum, Benworth FL and Mr. Navarro are collaterally estopped from

raising the Affirmative Defenses because they were already litigated and determined by the Final

Award. (See Opp. at 6–7; Mot. at 11.) The unclean hands defense (Second Affirmative Defense)

and first set off defense (Fourteenth Affirmative Defense) are both based on purportedly “missing

loan files” for “PPP loans that Womply referred.” (Benworth FL’s Answer at 37, 39–40;

Mr. Navarro’s Answer at 35–36, 38–39.) Defendants admit that “the Arbitrator determined that

Benworth FL was entitled to the loan files” (Opp. at 7), and therefore concede that these defenses

are precluded. Defendants do not dispute that the Final Award addressed their public policy

defense (Sixteenth Affirmative Defense) (id. at 8), which is likewise precluded.

       B.      The Motion Establishes That Permitting The Affirmative Defenses To Survive
               Would Be Prejudicial To Womply.

       Defendants argue that this Court need not even consider Womply’s Motion because

Womply failed to establish that the presence of the Affirmative Defenses would be “prejudicial”

to Womply. (Opp. at 3.) That argument does not pass the straight-face test. As Womply explained

in its Motion, the Affirmative Defenses do not relate to the causes of action in this case, but instead

seek to relitigate an issue that is subject to an Arbitration Agreement, was the subject of a more

than three-year-long Arbitration, and has been fully resolved in that Arbitration. (Mot. at 7, 13,

15–16.) It would be plainly prejudicial to require Womply to relitigate those issues in this Court.

       None of the cases Defendants cite suggest that Womply must provide some further

explanation as to why the presence of the Affirmative Defenses would be prejudicial under these

circumstances. To the contrary, Defendants’ own authority confirms that affirmative defenses


                                                  8
      Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM          Document 165-1        Filed 09/30/24       Page 15 of 18




that—like the Affirmative Defenses here—were already resolved or did not relate to the causes of

action in the case should be struck without requiring a showing of prejudice. See Asphaltos, 2021

WL 965645, at *5, *7 (striking affirmative defenses already considered and rejected by the court

“to avoid confusing already complex litigation,” and striking affirmative defenses to causes of

action not asserted in the complaint). Defendants’ authority also shows that courts will require a

showing of prejudice to strike affirmative defenses for reasons not at issue here. See id. at *2–4

(refusing to strike affirmative defenses that are “boilerplate,” “simply a denial” of an allegation,

or “redundant” where there is no prejudice to the moving party); Marrero-Rolon v. Autoridad de

Energia Electrica de P.R., 2017 WL 3584890, at *2–3 (D.P.R. Jan. 3, 2017) (refusing to strike

affirmative defenses that are “denials,” “bases upon which to file a motion to dismiss,” “pled in

boilerplate fashion,” and a “reservations [that] have no legal significance”).

II.     Benworth PR And Mrs. Navarro’s Contingent Theory Of Standing Fails.

        Benworth PR and Mrs. Navarro admit that “they are not parties to the Agreement,” and do

not dispute that nonparties ordinarily lack standing to assert claims under a contract. (Opp. at 8–

9; Mot. at 13–14.) They instead argue that “if Womply prevails on its claims to designate

Benworth PR and Mrs. Navarro as the alter egos of Benworth FL, then Benworth PR and

Mrs. Navarro have standing to assert the Affirmative Defenses.” (Opp. at 9 (emphasis added).)

Defendants are well aware that Benworth PR and Mrs. Navarro lack standing to bring such

contingent defenses. In their motion to dismiss briefing, Defendants argued that a party “lacks

standing” to bring claims or defenses based on “‘uncertain and contingent events’” or “‘a

hypothetical state of facts,’” that “‘may not occur as anticipated, or indeed may not occur at all.’”

(MTD at 4, 7 (quoting Lincoln House, Inc. v. Dupre, 903 F.2d 845, 847 (1st Cir. 1990); In re Fin.

Oversight & Mgmt. Bd. of P.R., 633 B.R. 463, 469 (D.P.R. 2021)). Even if Benworth PR and Mrs.

Navarro have standing to assert the Affirmative Defenses (which they do not), they cannot

                                                 9
    Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM             Document 165-1      Filed 09/30/24      Page 16 of 18




challenge the Arbitrator’s decision regarding the existence and amount of the debt under the “law

of the case doctrine even though [they] were not parties to the earlier [arbitration].” Compton v.

Swanson, 57 F. App’x 302, 303 (9th Cir. 2003) (citing Disimone v. Browner, 121 F.3d 1262, 1266

(9th Cir. 1997)). In any event, the Affirmative Defenses should be stricken for the reasons

discussed in the Motion and above. 3

                                         CONCLUSION

       For the foregoing reasons, and the reasons set forth in Womply’s Motion, Womply

respectfully requests that this Court strike Defendants’ affirmative defenses of unclean hands, set

off, and public policy.




3
  The Affirmative Defenses also fail as a matter of law. Defendants try to rewrite their unclean
hands defense to invent a “fraud issue[]” that “Womply deceiv[ed] Benworth FL regarding its
technology platform.” (Opp. at 10–11.) This appears nowhere in Defendants’ Answers and thus
“constitutes an impermissible attempt to amend [their] pleadings via [their] Opposition.” Am. Bd.
of Internal Medicine v. Salas-Rushford, 2021 WL 2892837, at *6 n.14 (D.P.R. July 9, 2021).
Defendants “setoff defenses fail” because Womply does not owe any debts to Benworth FL. (Opp.
at 11.) Defendants speculate that Womply could owe Benworth FL a debt in the future, but such
“speculative averments proposed by defendants under the premise of affirmative defenses” have
“no place in pleadings before this [C]ourt” and should be stricken. Silva v. Manley Berenson
Bontehiedra Mgmt., 2005 WL 8167859, at *1 (D.P.R. Apr. 25, 2005) (citing Alvarado-Morales
v. Digital Equip. Corp., 843 F.2d 613–18 (1st Cir. 1988)).

                                                10
   Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM          Document 165-1          Filed 09/30/24     Page 17 of 18




Dated: September 30, 2024


Of Counsel

Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP                       Respectfully submitted,

Alexander L. Cheney (admitted pro hac vice)        By: /s/ Alejandro J. Cepeda Diaz
333 Bush St
San Francisco, CA 94104                            Alejandro J. Cepeda Diaz
(415) 858-7400                                     USDC-PR 222110
acheney@willkie.com                                McConnell Valdés LLC
                                                   270 Muñoz Rivera Ave.
Stuart R. Lombardi (admitted pro hac vice)         Hato Rey PR 00918
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP                       Tel: (787) 250-5637
787 7th Avenue                                     Email: ajc@mcvpr.com
New York, NY 10019
(212) 728-8000
slombardi@willkie.com                              Attorneys for Plaintiff and Defendant in
                                                   Intervention Oto Analytics, LLC
Joshua S. Levy (admitted pro hac vice)
1875 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202) 303-1000
jlevy@willkie.com




                                              11
   Case 3:23-cv-01034-GMM            Document 165-1        Filed 09/30/24      Page 18 of 18




                                CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

       The undersigned certifies that on September 30th, 2024 the foregoing document was filed

with the Clerk of the Court using CM/ECF, which sent notices to all parties receiving notifications

through the CM/ECF system.



Dated: September 30, 2024                                   By: /s/ Alejandro J. Cepeda Diaz

                                                     Attorney for Plaintiff Oto Analytics, LLC and
                                                     Defendant in Intervention Oto Analytics,
                                                     LLC




                                                12


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